Particles In Aqueous Medium Research Articles

One Reaction: Two Types of Mechanism-SARA-ATRP and SET-LRP-for MMA Polymerization in the Presence of PVC.

This study presents for the first time the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) that takes place by both SARA-ATRP and SET-LRP mechanisms. The two types of polymerizations that occur in the system are PMMA grafting to the PVC backbone and the formation of a new PMMA polymer, both occurring in the presence of a Cu0wire. The polymerizations were controlled as confirmed by the molecular weight evolution, polymerization kinetics, and variations in the dispersity value. The MMA polymerization in the presence of PVC at 60 and 70 °C leads to the formation of two polymer species characterized by an increase in the molecular weight with the conversion and a narrowing of the dispersity value with the reaction progress. To increase the degree of control over the polymerization, the same reaction was performed at room temperature, which allowed us to highlight the presence of the SARA-ATRP and SET-LRP mechanisms via subsequent polymer chain extensions. The results demonstrated that PMMA grafting on PVC polymers follows a SARA-ATRP mechanism, while the formation of a PMMA homopolymer entails a SET-LRP process. The influence of solvent nature on the polymerization reaction was studied by performing the grafting of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) onto the surface of PVC particles in aqueous media in the presence and in the absence of CuCl2. The polymerization reactions and the obtained materials were studied by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), 1H NMR, DMA, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM).

Enhanced Stability of α-Mangostin-Rich Extract and Selective Cytotoxicity against Cancer Cells via Encapsulation in Antioxidant Nanoparticles (AME@NanoAOX).

α-Mangostin-rich extract (AME) shows promise as a functional ingredient for cancer chemotherapy. Here, we encapsulated AME in our originally designed antioxidant nanoparticles (NanoAOX) to increase its solubility and prevent oxidative degradation (AME@NanoAOX). In this study, two types of self-assembled polymers containing nitroxide radicals were engineered. These polymers were self-assembled into nanoscale particles in aqueous media, entrapping AME (abbreviated as AME@NanoAOX(B) and AME@NanoAOX(G)). These formulations considerably improved the stability of AME against oxidative degradation and exhibited different release profiles of α-mangostin under different pH conditions. Furthermore, AME-encapsulated nanoparticles exhibited potent cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines, including human breast cancer (MCF-7), human lung cancer (A549), human colon cancer (Caco-2), human cervical cancer (HeLa), and human liver cancer (HepG2) cell lines, with minimal cytotoxicity in normal human mammary epithelial cells (hTERT-HME1), thus providing a high selectivity index (SI). These results indicated the promising feature of AME-encapsulated antioxidant nanoparticles (AME@NanoAOX) for cancer chemotherapy.

Temoporfin-Conjugated Upconversion Nanoparticles for NIR-Induced Photodynamic Therapy: Studies with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cells In Vitro and In Vivo.

Upconverting nanoparticles are interesting materials that have the potential for use in many applications ranging from solar energy harvesting to biosensing, light-triggered drug delivery, and photodynamic therapy (PDT). One of the main requirements for the particles is their surface modification, in our case using poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid) (PMVEMA) and temoporfin (THPC) photosensitizer to ensure the colloidal and chemical stability of the particles in aqueous media and the formation of singlet oxygen after NIR irradiation, respectively. Codoping of Fe2+, Yb3+, and Er3+ ions in the NaYF4 host induced upconversion emission of particles in the red region, which is dominant for achieving direct excitation of THPC. Novel monodisperse PMVEMA-coated upconversion NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+,Fe2+ nanoparticles (UCNPs) with chemically bonded THPC were found to efficiently transfer energy and generate singlet oxygen. The cytotoxicity of the UCNPs was determined in the human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines Capan-2, PANC-01, and PA-TU-8902. In vitro data demonstrated enhanced uptake of UCNP@PMVEMA-THPC particles by rat INS-1E insulinoma cells, followed by significant cell destruction after excitation with a 980 nm laser. Intratumoral administration of these nanoconjugates into a mouse model of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma caused extensive necrosis at the tumor site, followed by tumor suppression after NIR-induced PDT. In vitro and in vivo results thus suggest that this nanoconjugate is a promising candidate for NIR-induced PDT of cancer.

Adsorption and Dispersion Effect of Sodium Lignosulfonate on Fine SiC Particles in Aqueous Media.

This study presented a novel modification method for fine SiC powder by using sodium lignosulfonate as a dispersant. The adsorption behavior of sodium lignosulfonate on the SiC/water interface and its effect on the performance of a fine SiC slurry were systematically investigated. The adsorption results showed that sodium lignosulfonate formed monolayer adsorption on the surface of fine SiC and that the saturated adsorption capacity was 1.3263 mg/g. The adsorption reached equilibrium within 3 h and was mainly controlled by active sites on the SiC surface. The dispersion, stability, and zeta potential of modified SiC powder were improved after sodium lignosulfonate adsorption. The zeta potential of modified SiC reached a minimum value of -44.8 mV at pH 12. Modified SiC suspensions had great stability in a wider pH range of 6-12. Modified SiC slurry with 54 vol % solid loading had a low viscosity of 173 mPa·s at pH 10. Subsequently, coarse SiC powder was added for slip casting. A mixed slurry with high solid loading (69 vol %) and low viscosity (583 mPa·s) was prepared using modified SiC and coarse SiC powders at a mass ratio of 2:3. Finally, recrystallized SiC green body with high density (2.6492 g/cm3) was obtained.

Modulating particle-particle interaction in phyllosilicate serpentine aqueous suspensions using sodium citrate

The depletion of high-grade nickel sulfide ores has led to an increased interest in low-grade ultramafic ores, which are widely available but challenging to process due to their high content of phyllosilicate serpentine. The anisotropic surface charge and shape of serpentine particles lead to attractive interactions, which increase the viscosity of ore slurry and associated operational and equipment costs. To overcome this challenge, we investigate the application of an environmentally benign reagent, sodium citrate, to modify the particle-particle interactions in serpentine aqueous suspensions. Our results show that at alkaline pH (10), sodium citrate selectively adsorbs on the brucite plane of serpentine, making the entire particle overall negatively charged, which weakens the interparticle attraction and reduces the suspension's shear viscosity, yield stress, and storage modulus. We confirmed these results using colloidal probe atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique, which showed a significant weakening of attraction between silica and brucite surfaces upon the addition of citrate. This work enhances the understanding of surface interaction mechanisms of phyllosilicate serpentine particles in aqueous media with the addition of sodium citrate and provides useful implications for the application of green reagents in mineral operations involving phyllosilicate gangues. Our findings suggest that sodium citrate has great potential as an effective and sustainable reagent in the processing of abundantly available low grade ultramafic nickel ores.

Numerical analysis and experimental verification of optical scattering from microplastics.

Accurate and fast characterization of the micron-sized plastic particles in aqueous media requires an in-depth understanding of light interaction with these particles. Due to the complexity of Mie scattering theory, the features of the scattered light have rarely been related to the physical properties of these tiny objects. To address this problem, we reveal the relation of the wavelength-dependent optical scattering patterns with the size and refractive index of the particles by numerically studying the angular scattering features. We subsequently present a low-cost setup to measure the optical scattering of the particles. Theoretical investigation shows that the angular distribution of the scattered light by microplastics carries distinct signatures of the particle size and the refractive index. The results can be used to develop a portable, low-cost setup to detect microplastics in water.

An efficient magnetic approach for manipulating dispersed non-magnetic particles on surfaces and microchannels

Recently, there has been significant interest in understanding the behavior of magnetic particles in aqueous media under external excitations. The dynamics and self-organization of these systems, especially in the presence of time-dependent excitations, have been extensively studied due to their relevance in both fundamental physics and technological applications. In this study, we employ three Helmholtz coils to generate elliptically polarized fields. This configuration is utilized to manipulate micrometer-sized nickel and iron particles located at the bottom of a container filled with an aqueous medium. By analyzing video-microscopy images, we investigate the time-dependent displacement of these particles. Notably, we observe the formation of chain structures known as “rollers”, whose movement on the vessel’s bottom plane can be controlled through the applied magnetic field. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the introduction of glass microspheres results in induced motion due to the displacement and drag exerted by the magnetic structures. Exploiting this effect, we successfully control the movement of glass beads along microchannels. Our findings suggest potential applications for targeted cargo delivery using this simple approach.

Structure of aqueous solutions of lignin treated by sub- and supercritical water: Experiment and simulation

Hydrolysis lignin was treated with sub- and supercritical water (523–723 K and 10 MPa). As a result, depolymerization of lignin to mono- and oligolignols occurs. SEC data show water-soluble particles up to 4 nm after treatment of lignin by subcritical water (523 K and 10 MPa). After further treatment with supercritical water (723 K and 10 MPa), the concentration of water-soluble particles decreases by 2–3 times; and their size increased up to 10 nm. Molecular dynamics simulation of a model lignin particle in aqueous medium under standard (298 K, ρ = 0.997 g/cm3) and supercritical (673 K, ρ = 0.133 g/cm3) conditions was performed. Based on modeling, lignol monomers surrounded by solvate shells and water-soluble particles of lignin oligomers with a gel-like structure were identified as the structural units of the solutions. Under supercritical conditions, it causes the different ways of transformation of the system: further destruction of individual lignol molecules or condensation of lignols with the formation of insoluble precipitate.

Clustering of charged colloidal particles in the microgravity environment of space

We conducted a charge–charge clustering experiment of positively and negatively charged colloidal particles in aqueous media under a microgravity environment at the International Space Station. A special setup was used to mix the colloid particles in microgravity and then these structures were immobilized in gel cured using ultraviolet (UV) light. The samples returned to the ground were observed by optical microscopy. The space sample of polystyrene particles with a specific gravity ρ (=1.05) close to the medium had an average association number of ~50% larger than the ground control and better structural symmetry. The effect of electrostatic interactions on the clustering was also confirmed for titania particles (ρ ~ 3), whose association structures were only possible in the microgravity environment without any sedimentation they generally suffer on the ground. This study suggests that even slight sedimentation and convection on the ground significantly affect the structure formation of colloids. Knowledge from this study will help us to develop a model which will be used to design photonic materials and better drugs.

Study on antibacterial properties of heated oyster shell particle against Bacillus subtilis spores in rainwater by response surface methodology based on central composite design.

Taiwan's oyster industry produces shell waste in abundant quantities every year. This study explored the feasibility of applying this resource as a simple and low-cost disinfectant to improve the microbial quality of harvested rainwater. Critical parameters affecting the disinfection efficacy of calcined oyster shell particles, i.e., heating temperature and duration, dosage, and contact time of the calcined shell material against Bacillus subtilis endospores in rainwater, were investigated. A central composite design of response surface methodology was employed to study the relative effects. As estimated from R2 coefficients, a quadratic model was identified to predict the response variable satisfactorily. Results indicated that the heating temperature, dosage, and contact time of the calcined material in the rainwater significantly influenced (p < 0.05) the sporicidal effect, consistent with the prior literature on calcined shells of similar nature. However, heating time had a relatively low influence on the sporicidal impact, suggesting that the rate of shell activation, i.e., conversion of the carbonate compound in the shell material to oxide, occurs rapidly at high calcination temperatures. In addition, the sterilization kinetics for heated oyster shell particles in aqueous media under stagnant storage conditions were investigated and found to be in good agreement with Hom's model.

Sonication‐Responsive Organic Afterglow Emulsions

AbstractIn contrast to their fluorescence counterparts, stimuli‐responsive organic afterglow materials display distinct advantages to function normally in the presence of strong fluorescence background. However, most of the stimuli‐responsive afterglow materials can only work in their solid states with those in aqueous medium being rarely reported. In addition, the types of these materials are limited to mechanical force‐, pH‐, ion‐, and temperature‐responsive ones. Here, a serendipitous finding of sonication‐responsive organic afterglow emulsions in aqueous medium is reported. The afterglow emulsions are produced by dopant‐matrix strategy and emulsion technique. In‐depth studies reveal that the key to achieve the sonication responsiveness is the selection of a specialized organic matrix that can form microcrystalline particles in aqueous medium with the aid of surfactants. In matrix's microcrystalline state, the triplet excited states of luminescent dopant within the matrix can be protected to exhibit room‐temperature afterglow. Under sonication, matrix's microcrystalline structure can be disrupted and consequently the triplet excited states of luminescent dopants lose protection to show afterglow quenching. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study represents the first report of sonication‐responsive afterglow materials in aqueous medium, which show promising biomedical applications.

Studies on Incorporating Infrared Reflecting Minerals into Viscose Fibres

A mixture of minerals consisting of calcite, dolomite, talc and quartz, known to have infrared (IR) reflecting properties, was mechanically treated and dispersed in aqueous medium and incorporated in viscose solution to be physically entrapped into the fibre structure. The process of incorporation of the mineral mixture in viscose dope involved steps of slurry making by suspending and grinding the particles in aqueous medium followed by mixing the slurry with the viscose dope, ready for spinning. The slurry preparation and grinding were carried out under different mechanical conditions, such as ball milling and ultrasonication. The evaluation of particle size of slurry was carried out under two pH conditions, first at the inherent pH (neutral pH 7) and at high pH (alkaline pH 13) equivalent to the pH of viscose dope. Furthermore, for stable slurry making, different surfactants were used. The phosphate ether-based anionic surfactant was found to effectively stabilize the dispersion better under the pH conditions used. The effect of stable slurry on good spinning was validated through an inline pressure gauge during viscose fibre spinning. To assess the IR reflecting property of viscose fibre, a direct visual evaluation was done through an IR camera, which indicated a significant increase of ~2°C surface temperature of the IR-Viscose Staple Fibre (VSF) in comparison with control VSF.

Lipophilic poly(glycolide) blocks in morpholin-2-one-based CARTs for plasmid DNA delivery: Polymer regioregularity, sequence of lipophilic/polyamine blocks, and nanoparticle stability as factors of transfection efficiency

In the present work, monosubstituted glycolides (G2–G4) derived from the (L)-tyrosine-based glycolide G1 and containing –CH2C6H4OR substituents (R = decanoyl, oleoyl, C(O)CH(n-C6H13)(n-C8H17)) have been used to design biodegradable and biocompatible lipophilic blocks in N-BOC-morpholin-2-one (M1)-based Charge-Altering Releasable Transporters (CARTs). Copolymers of dodecyl carbonate C1 (the ‘benchmark’ lipophilic comonomer) and M1, having direct (P1) or inverse (P2) block sequences; copolymers of G2–G4 and M1, having inverse block sequences and irregular, head-to-head in places, microstructures of the poly(glycolide) blocks (P3–P7); and copolymers of G2 and M1, having solely alternating head-to-tail microstructures of the poly(glycolide) blocks and direct (P8) or inverse (P9) block sequences, have been synthesized. DLS studies have shown that, after deprotection, the copolymers P1′–P9′ form liposomal particles in aqueous medium, differing considerably in their colloidal behavior, which depended on the length of the polyamine fragment and the nature of the lipophilic block. The ability of P1′–P9′ to deliver the plasmid pEGFP-N1 into cultured HEK293T cells (transfection efficiency) has been assessed at N/P ratios of the corresponding polyplexes in the range 1:1–50:1 by flow cytometry and further confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. Transfection experiments have demonstrated that the CARTs P1′, P4′, and P6′, containing ten (2-oxyethyl)glycine fragments, are about four times more efficient in delivering pDNA than commercial agents (Lipofectamine™ 3000, PEI MAX, X-tremeGENE™ 9, and GenJet™ In Vitro DNA Transfection Reagent). A correlation between the results of those studies and DLS / ζ-potential measurements has been established for P1′ and P4′: the transfection is efficient, if N/P ratios are equal to those favoring ζ-potential inversion at physiological pH. We conclude that glycolide-based CARTs show significant promise for further development as non-viral NA delivery vehicles and that DLS should be regarded as an efficient method of primary screening of amphiphilic copolymers, as well as copolymer-NA complexes and formulations thereof.

Numerical analysis of thermophoresis of charged colloidal particles in non-Newtonian concentrated electrolyte solutions.

Thermophoresis of colloidal particles in aqueous media is more frequently applied in biomedical analysis with processed fluids as biofluids. In this work, a numerical analysis of the thermophoresis of charged colloidal particles in non-Newtonian concentrated electrolyte solutions is presented. In a particle-fixed reference frame, the flow field of non-Newtonian fluids has been governed by the Cauchy momentum equation and the continuity equation, with the dynamic viscosity following the power-law fluid model. The numerical simulations reveal that the shear-thinning effect of pseudoplastic fluids is advantageous to the thermophoresis, and the shear-thickening effect of dilatant fluids slows down the thermophoresis. Both the shear-thinning and shear-thickening effects of non-Newtonian fluids on a thermodiffusion coefficient are pronounced for the case when the thickness of electric double layer (EDL) surrounding a particle is moderate or thin. Finally, the reciprocal of the dynamic velocity at the particle surface is calculated to approximately estimate the thermophoretic behavior of a charged particle with moderate or thin EDL thickness.

Assembly of alumina particles in aqueous suspensions induced by high‐frequency AC electric field

AbstractThe role of high‐frequency alternating current (AC) electric field in the assembly of alumina particles in aqueous media was investigated. Field–particle interactions were in situ investigated for coarse and fine powder particles in very dilute suspensions. For both coarse and fine particles, AC field‐induced assembly led to the formation of chains of particles within a minute, which were aligned in the field direction. However, a much finer network of particle chains evolved in fine particle suspensions. Threshold field strength for chain formation was also lower for fine particles (28 V/mm) than for coarse particles (50 V/mm), suggesting stronger interactions for finer particles. Chain length increased with both field strength and field duration. Chain formation was attributed to mutual dielectrophoretic (DEP) interaction forces. Increase in DEP forces with field strength resulted in enhanced interactions. For finer particles, decreasing interparticle distance might have favored stronger interactions. Suspension microstructure was disrupted as soon as the field was removed. However, higher field duration was associated with an improved pattern stability and retention following the field removal. Finally, particle motion was studied in deliberately applied spatially nonuniform AC field, which revealed different mechanisms of chain formation for coarse (negative‐DEP) and fine (positive‐DEP) particles.

Fluorescence Study of the Interaction between Hydrophobically Modified Polymers and Charged Particles in Aqueous Media.

The interaction of hydrophobically randomly modified and end-modified poly(2-(acrylamido)-2-methylpropanesulfonate)s (PAMPSs) with nonionic and positively and negatively charged surfactants was studied with the fluorescence spectroscopic technique of labeled pyrene. The results indicated that the randomly modified PAMPS bound to the nonionic and positively charged surfactants and that the disruption of intrapolymer micelles formed by the polymer occurred. In contrast, end-modified PAMPS was bound to the surfactants without the disruption of multipolymer aggregates formed by the polymer in a comparably low concentration range of surfactants. The conformation of the polymer-surfactant complex was confirmed to depend on the position of the hydrophobic group in the polymer chains. In the case of negatively charged surfactant, the complex formation between the polymers and the surfactants was significantly restricted due to the electrostatic repulsion of anionic sites of the polymer chains and the negatively charged surfactants.

Redox-active coordination polymers as bifunctional electrolytes in slurry-based aqueous batteries at neutral pH

Highly water-dispersible, redox-active 1D coordination polymers (CPs) have been synthesized using low-cost precursors. These CPs, containing chloranilic acid as organic ligand and a transition element, such as Fe and Mn as a metal center, form long-term stable slurries containing up to 100 g/L solid particles in aqueous media (0.5 M NaCl, 1 mg carbon nanotubes). Voltammetry studies showed that the iron-based particulate slurries exhibited three different redox stages with no metal plating. However, the suspensions with manganese-based coordination polymers experienced a metal plating process in the same potential window range as for the iron-based CPs. Moreover, the particulate suspension of iron-CPs shown longer-term stability than their isostructural analogs based on manganese. The 1D Fe-CPs were used as catholyte and anolyte in a symmetrical cell with a low-cost size exclusion cellulose membrane acting as a separator. The cell experienced a reversible capacity value of 45 mAh/g (225 mAh/L) at a current density value of 20 mA/g for 50 cycles (~12 days) at neutral pH. This study opens the possibility of using inexpensive coordination polymers as single bifunctional electrolyte material in aqueous batteries and other sustainable energy storage-related systems.

A study of Kollicoat® MAE100P film’s structure and properties

Generally, an organic-solvent-based film is denser and tougher than a corresponding aqueous-dispersion-based film. However, Kollicoat® MAE100P films prepared from aqueous dispersions had greater tensile strengths compared to the films cast from organic solutions. It was proposed that MAE100P polymer particles in aqueous media had a core–shell structure with a hydrophilic shell and a hydrophobic core. The hydrophilic shell was rich in ionized methacrylic acid (MAA) groups and the hydrophobic core primarily contained unionized MAA and ethyl acrylate (EA). As a result, ionized MAA formed a continuous phase which worked as a rigid frame and greatly improved the mechanical properties of aqueous-dispersion-based films. In order to prove this theory and investigate the effect of ionization level on this polymer system, the properties of pH, turbidity, zeta potential, and particle size of MAE100P dispersions were measured as a function of ionization level. The tensile strengths and thermal and mechanical properties of MAE100P films prepared from organic solution or aqueous dispersions of different ionization levels were investigated as well. FTIR was used to characterize the polymer films. Drug release in 0.1 N HCl from coated pellets was studied using the basket method. The experimental results showed that the original MAE100P polymer particles (if not specified, the ionization level is 6%) had a highly-charged surface. The properties of polymer aqueous dispersions were significantly changed by the ionization levels. Aqueous-dispersion-based MAE100P films or coats were stronger and comparable to or somewhat more effective in inhibiting drug diffusion than were organic-solvent-based coats. The tensile strength initially increased and then decreased with an increase of ionization level, while the water-uptake rate by the films continuously increased. Two endothermic peaks were observed in the DSC thermograms for cured MAE100P films. The high-Tg endothermic peak increased with an increase in ionization level, while the low-Tg peak didn’t exhibit significant change except for the 18% ionization film. In the dynamic mechanical analysis, two relaxations in the storage modulus were observed in the aqueous-dispersion-based films. These data may suggest a two-phase structure in the form of a core–shell structure. The tensile-strength ratio for aqueous-dispersion–based films over organic-solvent-based films for MAE100P was close to that reported for films formed from polymer substances/particles with core–shell structures. In summary, the core–shell structure might result in a two-phase structure in the bulk MAE100P film prepared from aqueous dispersion. This special structure led to significantly-improved mechanical properties for aqueous-dispersion-based MAE100 films. The ionization levels had complicated effects on the polymer system by increasing the amount of ionic aggregates while also solubilizing the polymer and changing the mechanism of film formation.

Effects of electrostatic interaction on rheological behavior and microstructure of concentrated colloidal suspensions

This research examined the effect of salt concentration on the viscosity behavior of concentrated colloidal suspensions of monodispersed silica particles in aqueous media and ethylene glycol. Silica particles with a lot of negative surface charge form three-dimensional ordered structures (colloidal crystals) in aqueous media or ethylene glycol due to electrostatic repulsion. These three-dimensional structures are distorted by shear, causing viscosity to decrease and shear thinning to occur. Adding salt increases the ionic strength within the suspension, thereby reducing the Debye length of the particle and weakening the electrostatic repulsion between particles. As a result, the viscosity at low shear rates and the shear thinning gradient decreases. However, if the salt concentration increases further, the ionic strength within the suspension will rise, virtually eliminating the Debye length of the particle. In this event, the electrostatic repulsion between the particles becomes extremely weak, and the microstructures will be formed in the aqueous media by hydrophobic interaction and van der Waals force between the particles. As a result, the viscosity at low shear rates and the shear thinning gradient becomes extremely large. In contrast, the behavior in an ethylene glycol differs from behavior in an aqueous media. In this case, the microstructures are not formed by hydrophobic interaction. Consequently, collisions between particles are promoted, causing shear thickening. This phenomenon provides further support to the hypothesis that shear thickening is caused by collisions between particles and suggests that shear thickening can be avoided by strengthening the electrostatic interaction between particles.

Investigating the effect of outer layer of magnetic particles on cervical cancer cells HeLa by magnetic fluid hyperthermia

BackgroundMagnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) is a successful nanotechnology application in recent decade where a biocompatible magnetic fluid is used to kill cancer cells in a controlled heating using AC magnetic field. In the present study, two ferrite-based magnetic fluids, with and without surfactant coating, were synthesized to study the effect of the outer layer of magnetic nanoparticles on cervical cancer cells. The magnetic fluid without surfactant coating (MFWI) was made stable by providing negative charge on the surface of each particle. On the other hand, lauric acid was used as a surfactant to have a stable dispersion of particles in aqueous media (MFWL).MethodsThe structural, magnetic properties and induction heating response of both the fluids were investigated using XRD, VSM, DLS, TGA, FTIR, and a high-frequency induction heater. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the synthesized fluids was observed on HeLa cells by performing MTT assay, and the effect of magnetic fluid hyperthermia was examined using Trypan blue assay.ResultsThe crystallite size of surfactant stabilized particles was higher (11.0 ± 0.5 nm) compared to the charge stabilized particles (8.3 ± 0.5 nm). Induction heating experiments showed that the specific absorption rate of the surfactant-coated particles was almost double compared to ionic particle fluid. Magnetic fluid hyperthermia up to 1 hour at a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL of surfactant-coated magnetic fluid and 0.2 mg/mL concentration of charged fluid resulted in approximately 66 and 80% cell death, respectively, compared to untreated control cells.ConclusionThe preliminary analysis of this study shows significant cell death due to hyperthermia, wherein MFWI revealed higher cytotoxicity compared to MFWL. Additional analysis into the role of the outer stabilizing layer on nanoparticle’s surface, concentration of nanoparticles, and hyperthermic duration is desirable to utilize MFH as a futuristic anti-cancer therapeutic tool.