Participle Research Articles

EAST PODILLYA DIALECT IN THE COLLECTIONS OF OLHA PAVLENKO "MALVY NA PRYCHELKU" AND "WHOM GOD LOVES"

The article analyses the typical East Podillya dialect features represented in the collections of the contemporary Ukrainian writer Olha Pavlenko "Malvy na prychelku" and "Whom God Loves". It is noted that, unlike other writers who mainly use only lexical dialectal elements in their works, Olha Pavlenko does not limit herself to the lexical level, but also introduces words that demonstrate phonetic and morphological features of the Eastern Podillya dialects into the canvas of the literary text. In particular, the disappearance of the correlation |р| : |р'| correlation, dislocation of [т'] in verb forms, prototic consonants [г], [й] before vowels [о], [и], epenthetic consonants, compounds [мн'], [вл'] instead of [мй], [вй], realisation of the phoneme |ф| by the sound combination [хв], truncation of word bases or engthening of foreign language bases, etc. The accentuation peculiarities of the Eastern Podillya dialects are traced in the rhyming texts included in the stories of the collections. Among the morphological features of the East Podillya dialects are the remnants of the dual number forms in nouns, the lack of differentiation of feminine and masculine nouns of the first and second cases in the singular ablative into hard, soft and mixed groups, the formation of degrees of comparison of adjectives with the help of suffixes -енн-, -езн-, -ч-, -ецьк-, adverbs of adjectival origin - with the suffix -ч-, the absence of consonant alternation in verbal personal forms, the formation of passive participles and impersonal verbs with the suffix -ян-, the use of numerals єден and штири, etc. The article emphasises that the author uses dialect words only in the speech of the characters. It is concluded that the lexemes that demonstrate the East Podillya dialect features are a linguistic means of creating a special colour of the stories from Olha Pavlenko's collections, convey the expression of the characters' speech and are stylistically motivated.

Une ancienne dénomination du puits absorbant figée dans la microtoponymie de la Haute-Saône : les Anduits (Lavigney, Malvillers et Melin)

Abstract Les Anduits, the name of a territory comprising parts of three Haute-Saône villages (Lavigney, Malvillers, and Melin), is the sole example of its type in French toponymy. Examination of the area leads us to postulate an Old Franc-Comtois (or Regional Middle French) *enduit ‘dry well’, nominalisation of the past participle of Old and Middle French enduire ‘seep in the ground (of water)’. This formation is parallel to the suffixal derivative ˹enduisoir˺ ‘dry well’, which is formed from the present participle stem of the same verb and is abundantly attested in the northern part of Franche-Comté (lexicon and microtoponymy).

Morphosyntactic underspecification affects the processing of verbal forms at different levels of abstraction in L1 and L2 German

Abstract Using a priming paradigm, we investigated the processing of overtly identical verb forms with different sets of morphosyntactic features in L1 and L2 German. We found that more specific functions of a verb (inflected verbs) were better primes for less specific verb functions (past participles) than vice versa. For L1 speakers, these priming asymmetries were observed regardless of whether the lexical verb was repeated in prime and target or not (i.e., priming also for abstract configurations). For L2 learners, a similar but not native-like asymmetric priming pattern was seen only with repetition of the lexical verb. It was absent when the verb was not repeated. We conclude that in L2, morphosyntactic information is processed more on a lexical, item-based level compared to L1. We discuss our results in the context of several accounts, e.g., Shallow Structure Hypothesis, Declarative Procedural Model and the Ontogenesis Model of the L2 Lexical Representation.

A Reexamination of τάσσω in Acts 13.48: “Enrolled,” “Appointed,” or “Arranged”?

Most commentaries interpret Acts 13.48 as a strongly predestinarian verse. Key to this reading is the perfect passive participle τεταγµένοι. Modern translations frequently translate the word with the equivalent of “to appoint,” “to ordain,” or “to choose.” Typically, God is understood as the unstated active agent of this participle form of τάσσω, which results in a translation of “as many as were appointed to eternal life believed” (ESV). Often the biblical concept of enrollment in the Book of Life is woven into explanations. In this article, the evidence for this interpretation and translation is critically evaluated and demonstrated to be problematic to support the typical understanding. Instead, by examining the semantic range of τάσσω and the discourse context, the following translation has better lexical and contextual merit. The thesis is that Acts 13.48b should be understood as, “they believed, as many as were arranged by Paul for eternal life, specifically the Gospel.”

MORPHOLOGICAL INTERFERENCE ON STUDENTS' WRITING AT THE ELEVENTH GRADE OF MAN KOTA PALANGKA RAYA

Interference is defined as the divergence from the norm of language usage that occurs as a result of multilingualism with regard to one or more other languages. Interference occurs when students are studying both the intended language and their first language in the same time. The incapacity of a person who is bilingual to differentiate between the components of the two languages that they are fluent in will lead to a successful error that is known as morphological interference. This occurrence also happens in MAN Kota Palangka Raya. This research was conducted to discover the various sorts of morphological interference created by the students at the eleventh grade of MAN Kota Palangka Raya in their English writing. The qualitative technique was used to analyse the data gathered for this research. The subjects were the students from XI MIPA 1 that consists of 34 students. In order to obtain the information, the researcher split the class into 7 groups, and each of those groups was given the assignment of writing an explanation text in English. There were 6 types of morphological interference: indefinite article, possessive, plural marker, simple past, past participle, and comparative adjective/adverb. The result showed that there were forty number of features that point to morphological interference. The dominant types that the students mostly errors in writing their Explanation Text in English was Past Participle. Followed by Plural Marker. Meanwhile Possessive has a small amount of errors, and students did not do many mistakes in writing the Indefinite Article.

An Analysis of Arabic Esl Students’ Past Participle Error Found in STAI Ali Bin Abi Thalib Surabaya

This research examines past participle errors in students' writing term papers to identify their difficulties. The error analysis is part of an investigation into the English language learning process. The purpose of this research is to identify the types of error analysis and the most dominant types of error analysis in the use of past participles. The qualitative research was carried out to investigate errors in second language acquisition. The research concentrates on qualitative research, collecting empirical data from students' writing through document analysis. The method is used to collect accurate data. The research focuses on eleven undergraduates from the Arabic Department at STAI Ali bin Abi Thalib Surabaya. To obtain the results of this error analysis, the researcher investigates further using surface strategy taxonomy. It is restricted to the students' past participle error, which consists of four error types: omission, addition, misformation, and misordering. At last, after identifying all of the data and analyzing the research findings, it can be summarized that the types of past participle errors produced by the students are: (1) omission, which occurred 10 times, or 66,67% of all; (2) addition, which occurred 4 times, or 26,67% of all; (3) misformation, which occurred once, or 6,66% of all; and (4) misordering error, which did not occur. According to the research findings, the most dominant type of past participle error is omission.
 Error Analysis, Writing, Past Participle.

Tense and Aspect in Balti Language: Morphological Perspective

Pakistan is a multilingual and multicultural country where 72 language diverse languages are used for communication. Gilgit-Baltistan is one of the most well-known northern regions for its stunning natural beauty, distinct landscapes, evergreen forests, snow-capped mountains, and rich cultural heritage. Most of the Gilgit-Baltistan regional languages have been studied historically and culturally, but a few studies address this from a linguistic perspective. Balti language is one of them. Balti is a member of the more extraordinary Tibeto-Burman language family, specifically the Western Tibetan branch of the Tibetan language family. The present study analyses the tense and aspect markers in the Balti language. This study contributes to the regional language of Pakistan and analyzes the language in the morphological domain that is not mostly touched yet; also, studying tense and aspect markers in the Balti language from a morphological perspective is crucial for understanding the language’s nuances within temporal expressions. The present study results show that Balti has a complex system of tense and aspect markers; using the qualitative research design, n= 50 root words (verbs) were collected from the Balti language within the framework of inflectional morphemes of tense markers for this study. Nine markers for tense and some of their aspect, including eḑ, en, s, yoḑ, and yoḑpə: set̪, ʊk, t̪ʊk, and sed̪ʊkt̪ʊk, are identified in the current study. These markers are attached to the corresponding root verbs to indicate the present simple, present progressive, past simple with progressive, future simple, and future participle. The study also develops a deep understanding of various future tense markers as connectors to root words based on the consonant and vowel sounds at the end of root words.

Структурно-семантические особенности образных выражений, характеризующих гору Эльбрус в карачаево-балкарском языке

The aim of this work is to identify the structural-semantic and grammatical features of Karachay-Balkar figurative expressions that are folk names for Mount Elbrus. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that, for the first time, a structural-semantic and grammatical analysis of the considered units has been conducted based on the Karachay-Balkar language, determining their distinctive features and component composition. The research revealed the structural-grammatical and semantic features of the examined nominations. It was established that in structural terms, the considered figurative expressions consist of one-word, two-word, and three-word units. One-word names are represented by a single lexeme. The results showed that in the majority of cases, two-component names prevail, represented by schemes such as ‘substantive + substantive’, ‘adjective + substantive’, ‘participle + substantive’. In three-word descriptions, the reference component is the appellative ‘тау’ (mountain), with prepositional components featuring adjectives and nouns of various semantics, as well as past and future participles, less frequently personal verb forms and gerunds.

Microvariation in verbal rather

Abstract This paper uses survey results to analyze patterns of judgments across different versions of the non-standard verbal use of the word rather, which can take participial morphology, as in rathered. Across numerous possible instantiations of the construction, there appear to be in fact a quite limited number of grammars, which are generated by an implicational hierarchy of functional heads, along with the availability of a silent verb have. The overall picture supports several broader conclusions. First, bare-infinitive–selecting verbs are nearly “closed class” because they have special syntactic properties that go beyond semantic or even syntactic selection: they must value the temporal verbal features of the embedded verb, or else provide a structural context for such valuation. Second, silent verbs can be licensed by head-moving to a modal head in the extended projection. This movement is freely available, but silence demands recoverability, which limits its application only to certain verbs, and certain uses/meanings of those verbs. Third, in addition to previously known configurations for building parasitic participle constructions, movement of a lower verb to a higher verb can extend the phase of the lower verb and lead to its silence. Fourth, the distribution of rather suggests that volitional meaning is not a primitive, but is constructed from smaller primitives. Finally, microvariation reveals a tight connection among logically distinct functional heads, suggesting that they are not acquired independently of each other, but interact in significant ways.

Second Language Learners’ Awareness of Adjectivalisation: The Challenge of Differentiating between Verbal Participles and Adjectival Participles by Libyan EFL Students

This study explores Libyan EFL learners’ awareness of the process of adjectivalisation, and more specifically the process of using the participle form and progressive form of verbs as adjectives used in English Language. In addition, this study aims to test Libyan students’ recognition of adjectival participles and whether they will be able to distinguish them from verbal participles, prove them as real adjectives with their progressive – ing, and participle – ed, – en forms, and find out appropriate Arabic equivalents of these adjectives easily. The data gathered for this study were based on students’ marks they got by answering a two-part test consisting of an introductory part which is a multiple-choice test, followed by the main part which is the translation test. In the first part, the participants who were 30 students enrolled in Translation III course, were asked to choose the correct adjectivalised participle, and in the second part, the participants were asked to translate some participles used as adjectives into Arabic language. The study was mainly based on quantitatively as well as qualitatively analysing students’ answers to the test questions. The findings of this research revealed that only 16.67 % of the participating students successfully recognized verbal participles used as adjectives. On the other hand, 33.33 % of the students have appropriately rendered the involved de-participle adjectives into Arabic. In addition to the previous results, 20 % of the respondents properly recognized the present participle adjectives, whereas 50% of them truly recognized past adjectival participles in English.

Present Perfect Tense in Arabic and English: A comparative Analysis

Arabic and English are members of distinct linguistic families. Arabic is a member of the Semitic group. This language has been synthesized. The Indo-European language family includes English. Commonly, it is an analytical and synthetic language. This study delves into an analytical analysis of the forms and usage of the present perfect tense (PPT) in Arabic and English based on the contrastive analysis theory (CA). The study utilized the descriptive-qualitative method to compare and analyze the data in this tense. The data utilized in this study were obtained from both prior and recent research. Based on the analysis, a tensional discrepancy exists between the Arabic and English languages, specifically concerning the present perfect tense. In Arabic, in contrast to English, it employs a variety of particles and adverbials to denote temporal reference. The perfective aspect in Arabic conveys abstract temporal characteristics. The formation of the present perfect tense in Arabic involves the use of the particles /qad or laqad/ before the perfective verb. On the other hand, English present perfect tense is constructed by combining the subject with the auxiliary verb “have” or “has” and the past participle form of the main verb. Finally, the realization of this particular tense in the English language poses a significant challenge due to the absence of a clear translation or equivalent in other linguistic systems, especially Arabic.

Функционирование причастий английского языка в текстах публицистического стиля

The aim of the research is to identify the most characteristic participial constructions used in publicistic texts in English. Scientific novelty of the research lies in analyzing the syntactical functions of English participles based on the analytical articles from the English-language media. The syntactical functions of participles in English are described in the paper. After that, the participial constructions that are most frequently used in publicistic texts in English are identified. Then the paper analyzes the features of these constructions in analytical articles. As a result, it has been found that passive forms are the most widely used forms, contributing to the brevity and objective character of publicistic texts. Participles in postposition in the attributive function ascribe the texts to the bookish style. The use of absolute participial constructions allows for the compressive character and information abundance of publicistic texts. Attributive composites with participles are widely used instead of phrases or clauses.

Regularization and Innovation: A Usage-Based Approach to Past Participle Variation in Brazilian Portuguese

This project explores the synchronic variation of participle forms in Brazilian Portuguese (BP). Despite general systematicity, the language maintains many historically irregular participles, which often compete with regularized variants. The language has also developed innovative participles, which tend to exist in variation with regular forms. Adopting a usage-based framework, the study examines how analogical processes affect persistent irregular participles and short-form forms in BP, emphasizing the role of grammatical context and frequency. Data are drawn from the Portuguese Web 2011 corpus, including 12 verbs with long-form Latinate irregulars (n = 4800) and 8 verbs with short-form forms (n = 3200). The results show that long-form Latinate irregulars are more common as adjectives and with the verb estar, while regularized forms are prevalent with ser and in perfect constructions. Conversely, short-form participles occur least frequently in perfect constructions, showing a tendency towards the maintenance of regularity in this context. Additionally, verbs that occur more often in perfect constructions are most resistant to innovation. These findings indicate that perfect constructions play a dual role in promoting and preserving regularity in BP and shed light on how grammar–internal relationships and contexts of occurrence play a role in language variation and change.

Descriptive Study of Students’ Problems on the Use of Past Participle (V3)

The aims of this research is to describe what are the students’ problems on the use of past participle V3. This research took place in SMK Negeri 1 Suwawa. This research used a qualitative method and took 15 students as the participants in this research. The data collected trhough interview as the main instrument and test as the supporting instrument.The results of this research students make a lot of mistakes in determining past participle and then, the need for educators to adopt effective teaching strategies that address the challenges faced by students when it comes to using past participle. Therefore, it can be concluded that students face challenges when it comes to the use of past participle. By addressing these issues, educators can help students improve their language skills and enhance their academic and professional success. The implementation of effective teaching strategies and resources can help students to gain a better understanding of past participle and develop the skills necessary to use it correctly in various contexts.

Влияние португальского языка на глагольную систему креольского языка Макао: семантика и функционирование макаоанского причастия в сравнении с португальским

The research aims to determine which morphological and syntactic elements of the participle in Macau Creole Portuguese were inherited from Portuguese and whether this indicates the influence of the Portuguese language not only on the lexical composition, but also on the grammatical system of Macanese patois, which developed on the basis of Portuguese. The participle is one of the two morphologically distinguished verb forms in Macanese patois. The paper analyzes the use of single participles, related and absolute participle constructions functioning as attributes and adverbials, as well as the participation of the participle in the formation of analytical verb forms. The work is novel in that it is the first to describe the functioning of the participle in Macanese patois. Besides, Macau Creole Portuguese itself is among the least studied living Creole languages based on Portuguese. As a result of the research, a set of functions of the Macanese participle inherited from the Portuguese participle was determined, the semantic and grammatical development of the participle was found specifically in Macau Creole Portuguese, which suggests that this verb form is productive. Thus, the significant contribution of the Portuguese language to the verb system of Macau Creole Portuguese was revealed.

Flavors of Progression in Urban Jordanian Arabic

This study investigates the syntactic and semantic properties of three grammaticalized aspectual markers in Urban Jordanian Arabic (UJA): the particle ʕam, the active participle ʕammal, and the active participle ʔaaʕid. While traditionally perceived as markers of progressive aspect with identical semantics, this study distinguishes itself by unveiling significant syntactic and semantic differences among the three markers. In particular, the study shows that ʕammal functions as an inceptive aspect marker, ʕam marks immediate aspect, and ʔaaʕid signals durative aspect. The study provides evidence for this categorization by showing that the markers can co-occur in the same sentence. Such co-occurrence highlights a hierarchical order among the three markers, with ʕammal merging at the highest position, ʔaaʕid merging at an intermediate position, and ʕam situated at the lowest position. To capture this hierarchy, a fine-grained aspectual system is proposed, where each marker heads its own aspectual projection. Evidence from word order and agreement is provided to support this view. The findings of this study align with Cinque's (2006) theory, illustrating diverse progressive aspectual heads that merge at different levels in the extended verbal projection.

Hosea 3: a New Translation with Introduction and Commentary

This article is a part of the forthcoming commentary on the biblical Book of Hosea. It contains a new translation of chapter 3 with an introduction and a detailed philological commentary on the Hebrew text. In the commentary, we analyze a number of complex or rare words and expressions in the Bible: 1) rēaʕ “neighbor; 2) pānā “to turn” as a part of the expression “to turn to other gods”; 3) a rare word ʔǎšīšā – presumably “raisin cake”; 4) yāšab with the preposition lə- meaning “to wait”; 5) the expression hāyā lə-ʔīš “to be with a man”; 6) the cultic terms maṣṣēbōt “sacred stones”, ʔēpōd and tərāpīm; 7) ṭūb “kindness”; 8) bə-ʔaḥǎrīt ha-yyāmīm – literally “at the end of the days”. We also study morphologically ambiguous forms and complex syntactic constructions: 1) the passive participle ʔǎhūbā, which can have an active meaning; 2) the verbal form ʔäkkərähā, containing dagesh forte dirimens; the analysis of the form is accompanied by a detailed overview of the use of this sign; 3) the preposition ʔēl with a noun without a verb as a prepositional nominal predicate; 4) pāḥad “to be afraid” in combination with the directive preposition ʔēl as an example of constructio praegnans. At the level of exegesis, we analyze both popular and rare but convincing interpretations of the text. In some cases, we offer a new perspective on Hosea 3. We believe that verses 3:2–4 contain several allusions to the Exodus. We interpret verse 3:4 as a prophecy predicting the destruction of the sanctuaries of the Northern Kingdom.

Properties of the conjunction "though... although ..." and the structure he organizes in the structure of syntactic units of the modern Russian language

The object of the article is the disjunctive conjunction “though... although...”, and the subject is the property “though... although...” in the system of syntactic units: phrases, simple and complex sentences. In addition, the textual features of this union are considered. Particular attention is paid to the qualification of the coordinating series with the conjunction “though... although...” in terms of its relevance/non-relatedness to the phrase. In a simple sentence, the place of a series with the conjunction “though... although...” in the system of minor parts of the sentence, as part of participial phrases, as well as when expressing additional predicate is explored. When turning to a complex sentence, the reasons for the limited functioning of “though... although...” in a given syntactic unit are clarified. In relation to the text, the textual possibilities of “though... although...” are considered as a secondary textual anchor. The research is based on the methodology of the Far Eastern syntactic school. It consists in a multidimensional description of a particular function word at the morphological-syntactic, actual syntactic and communicative-pragmatic levels. As a result, connections between the function word and both the near and far syntactic environment are established. The data obtained are used for its extended lexicographic portraiture. The main conclusions of the study are the following. A coordinating sequence with the conjunction “though... although” is not a phrase, and the word form with which it is connected by subordinating relations should be qualified as a general member of its syntactic structure. A row with the conjunction “though... although...” can occupy the positions of various members of a sentence, function as part of participial phrases, and also participate in the organization of additional predicativity. The connection of the coordinating series-subject with the common member-predicate can be coordinated or uncoordinated. The speaker's solution to the problem is to "agree on meaning." The facts of complex sentences with the conjunction “though... although” have not been recorded. In the case of parcellation, a series with the conjunction “though... although...” becomes the organizing center of a communicative-pragmatic situation, presented in the form of a complex syntactic whole. The author’s special contribution to the study of the topic is the establishment of a correlation between the syntactic properties of the construction with the conjunction “though... although...” and its categorical features. The novelty of the study lies in the inclusion of the conjunction “though... although...” into the system of a current modern trend - an integral description of linguistic units.

Functions of past participle

Functions of past participle

On English-Chinese Translation of Past Participles and Demonstrative Pronouns in Seeing and Knowing

With the development of international cultural exchanges, art exchanges among countries are increasing, and there is a growing demand of the translation of books on art works. As a result, the author undertakes English-Chinese translation of the book, Seeing and Knowing. The writer of this book, Bernard Berenson, indicates his viewpoints of seeing and knowing, and states that the convention is significant to the widespread of art. The translation of this kind text will introduce the western works on art to more people and provide the reference resources for the study and research of fine arts. In the thesis, the author introduces the source of the original text, linguistic features of the source language, the process of translation, and summarizes the translation of the past participle, demonstrative pronouns and the translation strategies such as conversion. The author hopes that this paper can provide some references for the translation of art works.