Abstract
The aim of this work is to identify the structural-semantic and grammatical features of Karachay-Balkar figurative expressions that are folk names for Mount Elbrus. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that, for the first time, a structural-semantic and grammatical analysis of the considered units has been conducted based on the Karachay-Balkar language, determining their distinctive features and component composition. The research revealed the structural-grammatical and semantic features of the examined nominations. It was established that in structural terms, the considered figurative expressions consist of one-word, two-word, and three-word units. One-word names are represented by a single lexeme. The results showed that in the majority of cases, two-component names prevail, represented by schemes such as ‘substantive + substantive’, ‘adjective + substantive’, ‘participle + substantive’. In three-word descriptions, the reference component is the appellative ‘тау’ (mountain), with prepositional components featuring adjectives and nouns of various semantics, as well as past and future participles, less frequently personal verb forms and gerunds.
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