Participles In English Research Articles

Second Language Learners’ Awareness of Adjectivalisation: The Challenge of Differentiating between Verbal Participles and Adjectival Participles by Libyan EFL Students

This study explores Libyan EFL learners’ awareness of the process of adjectivalisation, and more specifically the process of using the participle form and progressive form of verbs as adjectives used in English Language. In addition, this study aims to test Libyan students’ recognition of adjectival participles and whether they will be able to distinguish them from verbal participles, prove them as real adjectives with their progressive – ing, and participle – ed, – en forms, and find out appropriate Arabic equivalents of these adjectives easily. The data gathered for this study were based on students’ marks they got by answering a two-part test consisting of an introductory part which is a multiple-choice test, followed by the main part which is the translation test. In the first part, the participants who were 30 students enrolled in Translation III course, were asked to choose the correct adjectivalised participle, and in the second part, the participants were asked to translate some participles used as adjectives into Arabic language. The study was mainly based on quantitatively as well as qualitatively analysing students’ answers to the test questions. The findings of this research revealed that only 16.67 % of the participating students successfully recognized verbal participles used as adjectives. On the other hand, 33.33 % of the students have appropriately rendered the involved de-participle adjectives into Arabic. In addition to the previous results, 20 % of the respondents properly recognized the present participle adjectives, whereas 50% of them truly recognized past adjectival participles in English.

Функционирование причастий английского языка в текстах публицистического стиля

The aim of the research is to identify the most characteristic participial constructions used in publicistic texts in English. Scientific novelty of the research lies in analyzing the syntactical functions of English participles based on the analytical articles from the English-language media. The syntactical functions of participles in English are described in the paper. After that, the participial constructions that are most frequently used in publicistic texts in English are identified. Then the paper analyzes the features of these constructions in analytical articles. As a result, it has been found that passive forms are the most widely used forms, contributing to the brevity and objective character of publicistic texts. Participles in postposition in the attributive function ascribe the texts to the bookish style. The use of absolute participial constructions allows for the compressive character and information abundance of publicistic texts. Attributive composites with participles are widely used instead of phrases or clauses.

An Analysis of the Problems in the Use of English Participles by Undergraduate Students at Hazara University Mansehra

The current study aimed at finding out the problems faced by undergraduate students in learning English present, past and perfect participles in Hazara University Mansehra. A descriptive survey design was used to collect data from a sample of hundred students through a non-randomly convenience sampling technique. For answering the questions and achieving objectives, the researchers used a proficiency test. The test comprised morphological and syntactic items about participles in the form of translation, voices and blanks. The collected data was analyzed statistically through SPSS 17.0 version. The analysis revealed that the problems mostly encountered in the English participle were in terms of morphological, functional and syntactical problems in the use of English participles learning particularly present, past and perfect participles. The higher percentage of errors suggests that students should be trained in the use and practice of English participles to learn their correct use.

A Morpho-Syntactic Study of The Acquisition of Participle Forms of Verb Among Yoruba-English Speaking Primary School Pupils

This research work studied the acquisition of participle forms of verb by selected nursery and primary school pupils in Ekiti State Nigeria. The study was set out to find out how Yoruba ESL pupils show variability in their realization of inflectional morphology of English verb participle forms and to explain how the morphosyntactic features of the L1 and L2 interact to affect the learners’ acquisition of English participle inflectional morphemes. One hundred (100) pupils were selected at random from five public primary schools. It was revealed from the findings that pupils have little know of participle form of verb inflections. Findings show that of all the verb inflections of participle form by pupils, 0nly 37% was correctly used and 63% was misused. Out of the 63% misused, 31% was a misuse of –ing form, 6% was a misuse of –ed form and 26% was a misuse of –en form. Pupils mostly overgeneralized rules of regular verbs for irregular verbs. From the research data, pupils misuse past –ed for –en and –en for –ed. The findings revealed that the pupils often exhibit variability with respect to the realization of verb-participle inflectional morphemes by either making wrong substitution of a particular kind of inflection for another or omitting inflections outrightly.

Причастия как средства выражения одновременности в английском языке

The study aims to identify the features of the functioning of English participles as means of simultaneity expression. Scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it determines the syntactic conditions for the representation of simultaneity meanings by participles as means of dependent predicativity and as means of independent predicativity within participial constructions. As a result, it has been proved that in the English language, the potential of expressing simultaneity by participles in polypredicative complexes is contingent both on their inclusion in a participial construction and on their position in relation to the subject being defined. Participles are involved in simultaneity representation with the same subject and different subjects. The reference to the subject of the main clause determines the dependence of the participial construction and the participle, as well as the representation of same-subject simultaneity. The Present Participle and the Past Participle express simultaneity in preposition and at the beginning of a sentence as a part of the dependent participial construction. The Past Participle cannot express simultaneity in postposition, unlike the Present Participle. Different-subject simultaneity can be expressed by the absolute participial construction, in which participles are used to denote actions performed by the subject that does not coincide with the subject of the main predicate.

On Syncretic and Polyfunctional Properties of Uzbek and English Participles

This research aims at studying syncretic properties of participles, and exploring their polyfunctional realization. It is a comparative study of participles in Uzbek and English languages, that belong to different language families, the Altaic and the Indo-European correspondingly, and perhaps, therefore, the studied units in Uzbek are contextually oriented, and in English, they are inherently oriented. The research employs a qualitative method using comparative and componential analyses. The samples in the study are taken from written sources. The findings of the research proves that participles, as being non-finite forms of the verb and therefore considered syncretic units, perform various functions depending on the context they occur. This polyfunctional realization is characteristic to the both languages, although, several functions of participles in the one language are different from participles in the other language.

On Syncretic and Polyfunctional Properties of Uzbek and English Participles

On Syncretic and Polyfunctional Properties of Uzbek and English Participles

PARTICIPLES, CONVERBS OR ASPECTUAL STEMS? (MAKING SENSE OF PARADIGMATIC UNITS IN LANGUAGES WITH FORM-CHANGING ASPECT MARKING)

The article touches on the problem of conditional character of nomination of the terms “participle” and “past verbal form” in verbal paradigms of Lezghin and English. By their prehistory, “participle” and “past verbal form” are transposits of the verb. Semantic structures of the past verbal form in Lezghin (with -z) and English Participle I (with - ing ), with the exception of root morphemes and word-changing affix of imperfectiveness, contain nothing else. We can call them authentic definitions, taking into account form-building status of the categories of tense/aspect, represented in these languages. They are just forms of the aspect and nothing else.

입력 빈도 분포 유형 및 형태초점접근 교수 기법의 명시성의 정도가 제2언어 문법 학습에 미치는 영향

In an effort to find a way to optimize the learning condition, this study examined the effects of two types of input frequency distribution, skewed-first distribution (SFD) versus balanced distribution (BD), and two types of focus-on-form techniques, input processing (IP) versus input enhancement (IE), on the learning of English participles by Korean middle school students. A total of 91 students participated in this study, divided into five subgroups: SFD + IP, SFD + IE, BD + IP, BD + IE, and Control. The learning outcomes and the generalizability of the learned knowledge were measured through scaled judgment tasks and picture description tasks, immediately after treatment as well as one week later. The results showed that the input frequency distribution factor did not have statistically significant effects on learning and generalizability, while the degrees of explicitness of focus-on-form techniques had statistically significant effects on both. The interaction effects of the two main factors were not statistically significant. More detailed findings are presented with some pedagogical implications for Korean EFL classrooms.

About variations in translation non-finite forms of the verb from English into Russian in the belles-lettres

This article deals with the peculiarities of the translation of non-finite forms of the verb from English into Russian in the belles-lettres. This problem is not studied well enough in modern scientific literature, while when translating non-finite forms into Russian one can face some difficulties.Sometimes while translating a text the accent falls on the lexical aspect, first of all on the shades of meaning, but sometimes invisible syntactic mistakes lead not only to stylistic mistakes, but also the misrepresentation of the meaning. Non-finite forms can be used as a subject, a predicative, part of a compound verbal and modal predicate, an object, an adverbial modifier and an attribute.The infinitive has some nominal characteristics and can be used as a subject, part of a compound nominal predicate, an object and an attribute. As for its verbal characteristics it can take a direct object and has tense and voice distinguishes. As a subject, predicative and adverbial modifiers, it can be translated with the help of the infinitive or a noun. Complexes with the infinitive can be translated by subordinate clauses. If the infinitive is passive, the Russian subordinate clause should have either a passive construction or a non-finite form. If the infinitive is perfect the predicate in the Russian sentence should be used in the past tense. If the perfect infinitive has a passive form the predicative in the Russian subordinate clause should be used in the past tense and have passive voice or a non-finite form.Complex object can be translated by a subordinate clause, while complex subject can be translated only by a compound sentence.The gerund is such a non-finite form, which cannot be found in the Russian language. It can be translated into the Russian language with the help of the infinitive, a verbal noun or a subordinate clause.The combination of the gerund with a possessive pronoun or a noun in the possessive case form an equivalent of a subordinate clause.Russian present participles can be used only as an attribute, when used in the active voice, while English participles active can be used not only as an attribute, but also as an adverbial modifier. When translating a text, one should pay attention to the place of the participle in the sentence. If it is an attribute it is translated by a Russian participle, if it is used as an adverbial modifier, it is translated by a Russian adverbial participle in the imperative aspect.Participial constructions have no any equivalents in the Russian language, so they should be translated by an adverbial subordinate clause.

The gerund challenge

Abstract A cursory overview of how the ‑ing forms of a small sample of verbs (see, take, do) are translated in various types of European documents as presented on Linguee (http://www.linguee.com/) indicates a surprising variety of possible equivalents in Romanian: infinitive and nominalized infinitive, conjunctive (preceded by marker să), verbs in the various tenses of the indicative, nominal groups, gerunziu ‑ind/ ‑ând forms etc. Translators often have to compensate for the fact that both English participles and gerunds are potentially ambiguous without complements. Translating any ‑ing forms often involves obligatory or optional grammatical transformations. The present paper proposes the creation of a (preliminary) inventory of interlinguistic correspondences of gerund forms and their equivalents in Romanian based on real corpus (reports of the parliamentary committees) to point out the various translational options, evaluate them quantitatively (the most/least frequently used solutions) and to reveal potential difficulties arising from such an array of options.

Spanish participios activos are adjectival antipassives

Abstract In many languages a set of adjectives are characterized by their “past/passive” participial morphology. Lexicalist and syntactic approaches to word formation converge on the claim that such adjectives can be derived from verbal inputs with no external argument but never from verbal inputs with an external argument. That is, there are “adjectival passives” but no “adjectival antipassives” marked with the same morphology. I argue that a sub-class of adjectives marked with the “past/passive” participial morpheme –do in Spanish, labeled participios activos in descriptive grammars, should be treated as adjectival antipassives in precisely this sense. I propose that Spanish has an Asp head that (i) is spelled out with “past/passive” participial morphology and (ii) selects an unergative verbal input creating a state/property whose argument corresponds to the external argument of that verbal source. If on the right track, the proposal supports the existence of a typology of adjectivizing heads that are spelled out uniformly with “past/passive” participial morphology but must be distinguished in terms of selectional and semantic properties (Bruening 2014, Word formation is syntactic: Adjectival passives in English. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 32. 363–422; Embick 2004, On the structure of resultative participles in English. Linguistic Inquiry 35. 355–392). It differs from previous approaches in claiming that such a typology must include root-derived adjectives, as well as ‘active (=unergative)’ and ‘passive’ deverbal adjectives.

Inflectional Variation in the Old English Participle. A Corpus-based Analysis

This article deals with the coexistence of verbal and adjectival inflection in the Old English past participle. Its aim is to assess the degree of variation in the inflection of the participle so as to determine whether or not the change starts in the Old English period. The analysis is based on two corpora, the “York Corpus of Old English” and the “Dictionary of Old English Corpus”. With these corpora the following variants of the inflection of the participle are analysed: genre (prose and verse), tense (present and past), morphological class (weak vs. strong) and case (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative and instrumental). The main conclusion of the article is that the quantitative evidence from the corpora indicates that the degree of variation presented by the participle in Old English shows that diachronic change is underway. Overall, the past participle and poetic texts clearly reflect the loss of inflection, while the adjectival inflection of the participle co-occurs with its adjectival function.

A Cultural Exploration behind Teaching Participles in English

A Cultural Exploration behind Teaching Participles in English

TEXT COMPRESSION WHILE TRANSLATING FROM ENGLISH INTO UKRAINIAN

The given article outlines the peculiarities of compression in the process of translation from English into Ukrainian. The research has been done on the basis of the novel ‘The Great Gatsby’ by F. Scott Fitzgerald and its translation into Ukrainian performed by M. Pinchevskiy. Decompression is mainly used while translating English infinitive and infinitival complex object and complex subject constructions; English participle I and II, and participial I complex object construction; English gerund. Sentence fragmentation is one more example of decompression. The syntactical function of the non-finite form of the verb is taken into consideration in the process of translation. Divergences in the English and Ukrainian languages mainly on the grammatical level or absence of some grammatical forms and complexes in Ukrainian required the usage of different grammatical transformations in the process of translation (mostly substitution of parts of speech, sentence members, sentence types and transposition of the sentence members). These transformations led to the widening of the target text, thus to decompression of the target text.

TEXT DECOMPRESSION WHILE TRANSLATING FROM ENGLISH INTO UKRAINIAN

The given article outlines the peculiarities of decompression in the process of translation from English into Ukrainian. The research has been done on the basis of the novel ‘The Great Gatsby’ by F. Scott Fitzgerald and its translation into Ukrainian performed by M. Pinchevskiy. Decompression is mainly used while translating English infinitive and infinitival complex object and complex subject constructions; English participle I and II, and participial I complex object construction; English gerund. Sentence fragmentation is one more example of decompression. The syntactical function of the non-finite form of the verb is taken into consideration in the process of translation. Divergences in the English and Ukrainian languages mainly on the grammatical level or absence of some grammatical forms and complexes in Ukrainian required the usage of different grammatical transformations in the process of translation (mostly substitution of parts of speech, sentence members, sentence types and transposition of the sentence members). These transformations led to the widening of the target text, thus to decompression of the target text.

Expression of english participles in mongolian

Expression of english participles in mongolian

Comprehension of ambiguous English participle constructions by Korean learners of English

Comprehension of ambiguous English participle constructions by Korean learners of English

Nominal vs. Verbal -ing Constructions and the Development of the English Progressive

In this paper, I examine nominal and verbal - ing forms in English and discuss aspects of their historical development. In particular, I investigate certain differences between verbal and nominal gerunds in comparison with the present participle with respect to what I call here gradience in verbal traits . I put forward the following hypothesis. Diachronically, the nominal component of both nominal and verbal gerunds relates to the nominal origin of both forms, namely an Old English derived nominal in - ung/-ing . The 'more verbal' component of the verbal gerund relates to certain aspects of the diachronic development of the English progressive. The changes in the development of the progressive in fact resulted in the emergence of the verbal gerund with parallel continuation of the Old English nominal in - ung/-ing and the Old English participle. After reviewing the development of English progressive, I will present diachronic and synchronic evidence that the original nominal pattern of the progressive acquired verbal traits. I will then show how this influenced the development of the two gerund types. I will then turn to a structural analysis of the constructions under investigation, which can be summarized as follows: synchronically, the gradience in verbal traits is accounted for on the basis of variation in the internal functional structure of the elements under investigation. On this view, the presence of verbal characteristics is linked to the presence of certain structural layers standardly associated with verbal clauses. Deverbal formations split into several subtypes depending on the number and the type of the layers these contain. This is expressed within a system that views word/category formation as a result of processes operating in specific syntactic structures, which contain the root as the minimal element that enters word formation (Alexiadou 2001, Alexiadou, Iordachioaia & Soare 2010, Borer 2013, Embick 2010, Marantz 1997, and others).

An Empirical Study on English Participle Acquisition of the Chinese Arts Majors

The author conducted a study on the participle acquisition by the Chinese art majors. The results indicate that English proficiency does not seem to be a factor which determines the correct use of the participles. In this paper, difficulties the Chinese art majors have in acquiring participles are summarized and the major sources responsible for the errors made by the art majors in the use of participles are analyzed. The paper ends up with putting forward some remedial teaching methods and suggestions based on the analysis of the results.