Participation Of Local People Research Articles

Community Participation on Tourism Development in Parangtritis Tourism Area, Bantul Regency

Parangtritis tourist area is a famous tourist destination in the south of Yogyakarta. The tourist area which consists of a variety of tourist objects such as beaches, sanddune, culinary, religious and cultural tourism has a positive impact on the growth of tourist visits in ??Parangtritis tourist area. This study aims to examine the participation of local people in their contribution to the development of sustainable tourism areas. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative by conducting primary and secondary data collection. Primary data was collected through interviews with local communities which involved in to the service industry, cultural arts groups and local government of Bantul Regency. The results of the study are (1) the local community has contributed to the development of the Parangtritis tourist area through local cultural activities, tourist attractions and providing of facilities regarding the needs of visitors. (2) the local government of Bantul Regency has several programs related to the empowerment in each of government institution that are addres service industry, tourism local groups and build facilities and infrastructure. But the contribution of local communities has not become a tourist attraction and sustainable. Empowerment programs from local governments have not been specific to training related to services and business activities that are suitable for tourism activities in ??Parangtritis tourist area.
 Keywords: Community participation, tourist area, sustainable tourism.

Benefits over Threats: Understanding Community’s Motivation to Participate in Restoration Initiatives in Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra

Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP), one of Indonesia’s most important conservation sites, has been facing serious pressures due to human activities both within its boundaries and in the buffer zones, leaving a large extent of degraded land in GLNP and its vicinity. As a response, the government along with several civil society organizations have been conducting restoration projects, especially around the borders of GLNP with concessions and villages. A centerpiece of many of these restoration initiatives is community participation. However, there have been limited studies to understand the driving factors of local people participation in such initiatives. In order to better understand what drives community participation in restoration initiatives around GLNP, we conducted a random survey to 111 respondents living in Sei Serdang and Namo Sialang Villages (Langkat District, North Sumatra), where restoration initiatives have been introduced. We found that they do not have a strong dependence on natural resources, which likely explains their rather neutral perspective on forests, i.e. they do not perceive any relations between forests, their livelihood, and threats due to deforestation. The absence of forest protection-related custom among population, mainly due to the cultural heterogeneity resulted from inward migration, further enhances their view on forests. Therefore, those who participated in the restoration initiatives were primarily driven by the opportunity to get additional income and improve their welfare. Based on these findings, we recommend that future restoration-related interventions in GLNP should appropriately consider community perception towards forests to ensure project sustainability and better resources management.

Conceptualization of the Dimensions of Environmental Quality in Rural Planning by Participation of Local People and Experts; a Case Study of Shahriar Village, Lordegan County, Iran

Conceptualization of the Dimensions of Environmental Quality in Rural Planning by Participation of Local People and Experts; a Case Study of Shahriar Village, Lordegan County, Iran

Planning for Education Development Projects: Experiences from the Application of O&OD Approach in Kiroka Ward, Morogoro Rural District

Participatory planning has been regarded as an approach to enhance development through popular participation of local people in setting local plans and preferences. In an effort to make participatory planning a reality, the Tanzanian government through President's Office Regional Administration and local government (PO-RALG) introduced Opportunities and Obstacles to development (O & OD) with the aim of promoting bottom up planning process. The O&OD approach was thus designed to promote community initiatives in the planning process as well as accelerating achievement of national development goals as per Tanzanian Development Vision 2025. Therefore, this approach functions as an essential approach to identify community preferences for developing local plans. Nevertheless, the empirical research shows that despite this initiative, the planning process is still top down. The O & OD has not realized the intended objective. This study, therefore, examined the Planning for Education Development Projects by drawing experiences from the Application of O&OD Approach in Kiroka Ward in Morogoro Rural District. The study used a case study design, drawing a total sample of 94 respondents including 14 key informants, 10 members of village council and 70 community members. Purposive sampling was used to select key informants; simple random sampling was used to select members of the village council and that snowball sampling was used to select community members. Primary data were collected through interviews, questionnaire and direct observation. NVIVO software for qualitative data analysis was used to analyze the in depth interviews while the questionnaires was analyzed using SPSS computer software. The quantitative analysis involved descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages which were presented in the form of tables and figures. The study found that, Education Development Planning (EDP) process started at the school committees, village council and village assembly. EDP in the two villages was made by community leaders. Community members were involved at the implementation stage. Therefore EDP did not follow O&OD approach. This shows that participation for education planning in Kiroka and Kiziwa is conducted by leaders this affected education project since most of the projects were not implemented as villagers were not involved.

Perceptions of forest-dependent communities toward participation in forest conservation: A case study in Bago Yoma, South-Central Myanmar

The forestry sector in Myanmar continues to face many challenges concerning sustainable forest management. Even though the participation of local people is a key principle of forest policy in Myanmar, there is ample opportunity for people's participation in forest conservation to be improved. This study aimed to identify what factors should be considered to promote the participation of local people in forest conservation. The primary objectives were: to investigate the perceptions of people in forest-dependent communities towards forest conservation, and: to determine which policy interventions would be most appropriate for motivating local people to participate in forest conservation. We studied several communities in the Bogo Yama Region of Myanmar as a case study, involving interviews with key informants, focus group discussions, and interviews among 330 randomly selected households using semi-structured questionnaires to conduct a survey. For the interview survey, three hypothetical incentives to promote forest conservation interventions were specified, namely, (i) direct payment, (ii) providing income opportunities, and (iii) providing land tenure security or temporary land use rights to cultivate agricultural crops. The qualitative and quantitative data attained were integrated and analyzed using binary logistic regression. We observed that the communities utilized forests mainly for domestic energy supply, earning income, and regulating local weather. The respondents reported that deforestation occurred mainly because of legal and illegal charcoal making, over-exploitation of non-timber forest products, and logging. A willingness to participate in forest conservation differed in relation to the physical conditions of local communities, in the form of resource availability, remoteness of the village, and farm-land availability, as well as depending on people's awareness of the seriousness of deforestation and the need for food security. Providing income opportunities was identified as the most important incentive for peoples' participation. The results of this study suggest that forest policy makers should consider the different preferences for incentives among different communities, which vary depending on the socio-economic characteristics of the people and the physical and social conditions of the locality.

THE PERCEPTION AND PARTICIPATION OF COMMUNITY IN DEVELOPPING SMART ECO-VILLAGE DESTINATION IN THE TOURIST VILLAGE PAKSABALI AS A TOURISM ICON IN KLUNGKUNG DISTRICT-BALI

The development of tourist village is a government policy that is expected to improve the economy of the community, expanding the employment vacancies, alleviating poverty. Expanding the employment vacancies that lead to improve the welfare of rural communities. The purpose of this study is to determine the perception and participation of local people in Paksebali in the development of smart eco-village destination in the tourist village of Paksebali, Dawan subdistrict, Klungkung regency. The approach is done by distributing to 30 respondents (Purposive sampling).The collected data were primary and secondary data with the techniques are observation, interview and documentation. The collected data were then analyzed by qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study shows that the public perception of the development of smart eco-village Paksebali tourist village is the the public generally has known about the development of tourist villages. The community very agree and support by implementing the sapta pesona (seven ways of enchantment). People hope that the development of tourist village can promote the village and improve the welfare of their life. Community participation in the development of tourist village is done started from planning, developing facilities and infrastructure, managing, and monitoring and evaluation.

Eruption Characteristic of the Sleeping Volcano, Sinabung, North Sumatera, Indonesia, and SMS Gateway for Disaster Early Warning System

Sinabung, the sleeping volcano since the year 1600 awakened and erupted in 2010, 2013, and 2015. The volcano is located in Karo District, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia, geographically on 3o10’ North Latitude, and 98o23, East Longitude. It is about 2460 m high above sea level, and the highest volcano of Sumatera. Sinabung has been estimated about 400 years long inactive, therefore categorized as B type of volcano. It was astonishing; Sinabung erupted on 27 August 2010, again on November 2013, and in May to June 2015. Awakening of the volcano hypothetically has been triggered by last decade earthquakes happened in North Sumatera and surrounding area, including the great earthquake and tsunami of Aceh, December 2004 that caused about 115,000 people died. Because of the volcano has been slept for a long time, people live in the surrounding area were not prepared yet to facing the eruption. In order to reduce the risk such a countermeasure should be developed especially that directly involving local people participation. In this case such an environmental communication system is needed to be developed, it is SMS gate way for disaster early warning system.

‘Wildlife officials only care about animals’: Farmers' perceptions of a Ministry-based extension delivery system in mitigating human-wildlife conflicts in the Okavango Delta, Botswana

It is widely recognised that government intervention in development issues can shape people's perceptions and experiences. This study examined the influence of a Ministry-based extension system on community-based, problem animal control and perceptions among local arable farmers at the eastern Okavango Panhandle in northern Botswana. Using a survey of 388 arable farmers and key informant interviews, our results showed that participation of local people in the implementation of the participatory project was vital for improving people's perceptions and gaining adoption of the innovations, and significantly contributing to project outcomes. Lack of people participation in decision making, the extent to which farmers perceived extension agents as trustworthy, the number of extension agents and extension delivery methods were found to be important factors explaining farmers' perceptions and adoption decisions. Analyses also indicated that knowledge development alone (which is a form of community empowerment) was not enough to encourage participation and innovation adoption. Village project committee (VPC) members' and farmers' remarks about their socioeconomic hardships suggested that they preferred economic incentives over any other incentives. This suggests that community's immediate needs for livelihood and food security are among the locally pressing needs that should be addressed to drive people's commitment to the project. From a policy perspective, our results underscore the need to implement comprehensive interventions that address wildlife management and community development, and actively involve local people in management and decision making to achieve sustainability in human elephant conflict management. There is need, therefore, for government (particularly the wildlife departments) to provide an institutional structure for supporting community-based governance for the purpose of ensuring effective and sustainable wildlife management and conservation.

Participatory Vulnerability Reduction (PVR): an urban community-based approach for earthquake management

Participation of local people during any disaster is enormous. They possess better knowledge and information about their own community than anyone else from the outside. This study proposes Participatory Vulnerability Reduction (PVR), a community-based approach for disaster management. The concept of PVR was applied to an urban community of Dhaka city (Ward no. 06 of Dhaka North City Corporation) which has been identified by the Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme as one of the most vulnerable areas of the city for earthquake. PVR consists three steps, and in each step, different participatory urban appraisal tools were used. In the first step, the community people assessed the earthquake vulnerability. It was found that some certain parts of the study area are highly vulnerable due to lack of accessibility to the critical facilities, inadequacy of open space, poor construction practice and unsuitable soil condition for building construction. This was followed by analyzing the root causes and effects of these problems. Structural fragility of the buildings, construction of settlements by filling the low-lying areas and development of slums beside taller buildings are the three major causes behind the above vulnerable issues. In the second step, capacity of the community was assessed in terms of resources and their organizational structure. In the final step, local people developed the strategies to overcome the vulnerability and a community-based organizational set up was proposed to coordinate the collective actions. Although developed in local context, application of PVR is not limited for earthquake and it can be replicated for other communities as well.

Institutional Rhetoric Versus Local Reality: A Case Study of Burunge Wildlife Management Area, Tanzania

Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) are establishments that promote wildlife conservation and rural development in Tanzania. However, through focus group discussions, key informant interviews, a questionnaire survey, and literature review, we found that the participation of local people in both the establishment and management of the WMA was limited and rife with conflict. While benefits have materialized at the communal level, local people saw neither value nor benefit of the WMA to their livelihoods. Specifically, local people’s access to natural resources got worse while private eco-tourism investors and the central government have gained financially. Contrary to the livelihood enhancing WMA rhetoric, top-down institutional choices have sidelined democratically elected Village Governments and successive legislative adjustments disenfranchised and dispossessed them and their constituencies. We conclude that village governments should consistently demand for their legal rights to the resources on their land...

Economic and Social Effects of Rice Cultivation Practices Operation (Case Study: Rice Cultivator Villages in Rasht County)

Economic and Social Effects of Rice Cultivation Practices Operation (Case Study: Rice Cultivator Villages in Rasht County)

Local Wisdom Education to Develop Geo-diversity Understanding

In Ciletuh, Sukabumi, Indonesia, there is a natural heritage in terms of geology, biodiversity, and culture. Having been introduced as a National Geo-park since 2015, this place has been visited by a lot of tourists and scientists. This leads to the necessity of its local people to play their role in preserving nature. Thus, early education on local wisdom to the local people is important. This study uses survey promoting interview technique to find out the condition of the local people in a remote area namely Taman Jaya, Ciemas, Sukabumi, Indonesia to develop local wisdom education. The results show that local wisdom education within the area of Ciletuh Geo-park emphasizes more on the local people participation, particularly youth participation, as a well-educated tour guide so that local wisdom and geo-diversity keep being preserved. For a long-term target, there needs to be formal local wisdom education starting from primary school to higher education so that Ciletuh Geoprak can be a learning facility for both intra-curricular and extra-curricular activities.

The Way of Participation of Local people on the Developing Heritage Management Plan in Kumano Pilgrimage Route Iseji

The Way of Participation of Local people on the Developing Heritage Management Plan in Kumano Pilgrimage Route Iseji

Analysis of the Urban Management Practices and Sustainable Development in the Local Municipalities in Jordan: Case Study - Salt City

The urbanization processes and the accelerated growth in the Arab countries, during the last five decades, have resulted in negative social impact represented in the high rates of unemployment and poverty. This was accompanied with problems related to the provision of infrastructure and social facilities, inadequate housing for low-income persons and other environmental problems. Therefore, there is a need to apply and activate the role of decentralization processes to manage the cities under emerging modern urban services and activities, in order to identify policies and cope with innovative plans that suit for sustainable urban development. Incorporations of local people and decision makers in improving social, economic and environmental conditions, and participation of local people in decision making can lead to find the appropriate solution that can promote sustainable urban processes, and facilities the implementation of the local communities’ activities. Consequently, this will lead to improve the urban services in appropriate quality and economic visibility and sustain social consistency and environmental resources in the cities. In order to achieve a sustainable development practices in the municipalities, it is recommended to focus on local community resources, increase financial income, develop local human resources proficiency, and finally empower the local people authority and decision –making process, which can be achieved by the application of decentralization governance system.

Factors Affecting Stakeholders’ Participation in Collaborative Forest Management: The Case of Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve in Ghana

Sustainable management of forest depends on effective participation of primary stakeholders - the local people. This paperfocuses on the assessment of factors that affect participation of local people in four key aspects of forest management - planning,implementation, monitoring and benefit-sharing - in Ghana using a case study of Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve (KHFR). Datacollected from 407 households living around the forest reserve were analyzed to determine the factors affecting participationin reserve management. Socio-demographic actors were found to have mixed effects on reserve management, with reserveplanning associated with gender and educational status of the respondents while benefit-sharing was associated with respondents’educational status and the awareness of collaborative forest management policy. These results imply that for sustainablemanagement of KHFR and similar forest areas in Ghana through collaborative arrangements, policy-makers and forest managersshould consider socio-demographic attributes of primary stakeholders.

Manejo integrado de cuencas hídricas: cuenca del río Gualjaina, Chubut, Argentina

Gualjaina river, an affluent of the Chubut River, located in the Patagonia Argentina, develops a drainage basin of about 2800 km2. The knowledge of the physical and anthropogenic variables of a river basin, plus the applicable legal framework, aloud the integrated watershed management with the objective of preserve and enforce the environmental sustainability. The researches of the Argentinean drainage basin are scarce and for that, this paper fosters to analyze the legal framework applied to the management of drainage basins focused on the Gualjaina river. Therefore, from the institutional as from the legal aspects, the management of watershed in Chubut province tends to the integrality, through the coordination of the institutions as the “Instituto Provincial del Agua” beside the participation of local people represented through consortiums (“Consorcios”), the educative community and the information media.

English

Despite the promulgation of various forest and wildlife policies aimed at ensuring the sustainability and conservation of the environment since 1874, Ghana continues to trail in issues regarding environmental control, especially in mitigating the upfront menace of deforestation and pollution of the environment. The desk review study, driven by qualitative research approach with document analysis, was undertaken to unearth the recurring challenges that have been the obstacles to achieving sustainability and conservation of the Ghanaian environment and resources. The study revealed that the main recurring challenges to the sustainability of Ghana’s forest and wildlife policies are lack of stakeholder participation of local people, factorization of cultural practices, strong implementation strategies, proper documentation for equitable distribution of resources to the local people, and provision of sustainable alternative sources of livelihood for local residents. The study suggested pragmatic ways through which conservation planners could ensure the sustainability of Ghana’s forest and wildlife policies for optimum environmental protection.   Key words: Environmental sustainability, ecosystem conservation, biodiversity, wildlife, policies.

A collaborative work process for the development of coastal environmental education activities in a public school in São Sebastião (São Paulo State, Brazil)

Environmental education (EE) is a way to promote coastal literacy among elementary school students, using an integrated and interdisciplinary point of view. This study describes and analyzes the collaborative process of creation of interdisciplinary and participatory EE activities in an elementary public school in the São Sebastião municipality (Brazil), a place with rich and diverse ecosystems but subjected to great anthropogenic stressors. Activities were evaluated based on mobilization (of teachers), planning, implementation, and feedback. The main results were: (I) 13 teachers initially joined the EE project, but only 7 actually developed activities; (II) 16 activities were planned and 13 of those were implemented; and (III) feedback was essentially positive from the teachers that engaged in the project. The materials produced were displayed afterwards at a municipal educational fair. The existence of a school's environmental agenda, support from the school principal and university researchers, time availability for the teachers planning the activities, financial support, and the participation of local people were factors that fostered the EE initiative. Lack of time, low interest and engagement from school teachers, lack of discipline among school students, too many students per class, and discontinuation of the EE activities in following years were identified as difficulties to overcome. This collaborative process of approaching socio-environmental problems aimed to give students an integrated and interdisciplinary view, potentially contributing to future coastal management decision processes through public participation, to empower local social actors.

Trend of Deforestation in India: A comparative Approach to identify the qualitative and quantitative change of natural vegetation cover

Natural resource has always played a significant role in any growing economy for sustainable development. Indian forests are ancient in nature and composition where it faces a severe change in the forest cover during the last five decades, but the last two decades show fluent change, particularly in those regions, where forests have the potential to improve the livelihoods of forest dwelling people, especially tribal people, who are among the most disadvantaged groups in Indian society. My study deals with the growth, composition and structure of forest areas in India during post reform period from 1991 to 2009. Forest covers areas measured by the forest survey of India every two years after 1987 and continues till today. The first assessment in 1987 was done visually on 1:1 million scales. Thereafter, up to 1999 the assessment was done on 1:250,000 scale. My study focuses the qualitative and quantitative change in the forest areas through analyzing the different classes of forest cover growth and distribution among all districts. India obtains an overall positive change of forest cover in the past two decades but these growths have not taken place in all parts of India evenly. Mostly degradation of forest has been detected in eastern part of Indian districts because of mass population pressure, development activities, agricultural expansion and mining activities, where western and south-west part of India’s districts recorded positive growth of the forest during 1991-99, caused by reforestation activities, participation of local people in management process with the help of local institution. On the other side in the period of 2001-09, declination of forest as continue to be in western part of India and northeastern part of India. But Kerala, north part of India and middle parts recorded an increase in forest areas because of reforestation activities, community forest management and proper policy implications.

The Vietnamese Legal and Policy Framework for Co-Management in Special-Use Forests

Co-management has been introduced into Special Use Forests (SUFs) of Vietnam for more than 10 years. However, the extent to which Vietnamese laws and policies support co-management remains unclear. This paper reviews existing policies and laws from the national to commune levels and assesses their facilitation of co-management in SUFs. The review demonstrates there is support for co-management, albeit scattered and uncoordinated across a range of policies and laws. Modifications to policy on ownership and use rights would support the development of SUF co-management. Additionally, clearer legislative underpinning for benefit sharing in SUFs could better incentivize the participation of local people and private sector actors to engage in more effective co-management arrangements.