Participation In Extension Activities Research Articles

ANALISIS PERBEDAAN SISTEM PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN PADA MASA SEBELUM DAN SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI KABUPATEN MALANG

The agricultural extension system is a whole series of development of abilities, knowledge, skills and attitudes of main actors and business actors through extension. The agricultural extension system in Indonesia has experienced quite dynamic ups and downs since the COVID-19 pandemic hit this country. The extension system has changed in line with the policies taken by the government in response to Covid-19. This research aims to determine the effect of differences in agricultural extension systems before and during COVID-19 in the Malang Regency. This research method is descriptive qualitative with data analysis using Structural Equation Modeling. The research analysis results show significant differences in the agricultural extension system before and during COVID-19 in Malang Regency. During the pandemic, there have been significant changes in agricultural extension methods. Online methods and information technology are increasingly dominant, while face-to-face meetings have decreased drastically. Even though online methods are increasing, there are challenges in information accessibility for some farmers, especially farmers who live in rural areas with limited technological infrastructure. Farmer participation in extension activities tends to decrease during the pandemic. Factors such as technological limitations, unstable internet connections, and difficulty understanding online material are the main causes. The Covid-19 pandemic has also had a significant economic impact on farmers. The main challenges faced by farmers during the pandemic are limited market access, increasing prices of agricultural inputs, and decreasing selling prices for agricultural products.

Perception of the Farmers Regarding Kisan Mela Organized at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India

This study investigated the impact and effectiveness of the Haryana Agricultural University (HAU) Kisan Mela as a platform for farmers' engagement and knowledge exchange. Using an ex-post facto research design, data were collected from 30 farmers who attended the Kisan Mela in March 2024. The study focused on various socio-economic factors, farmers' perceptions and satisfaction levels, participation in extension activities, and problems faced during the event. The findings revealed a diverse participation of farmers across different age groups, family structures, educational backgrounds, and occupations. The majority of participants reported positive experiences and high satisfaction levels with the services, information quality, and infrastructure provided at the Mela. While minimal problems were reported, they highlight areas for improvement to enhance farmers' experiences further. Overall, the study concludes that the HAU Kisan Mela plays a crucial role in disseminating agricultural information, fostering innovation, and facilitating community networking among farmers, contributing significantly to the advancement of agriculture in the region.

PROFILE AND MOTIVES OF WOMAN MEMBERS TO JOIN SHGS

The study conducted in Gujarat’s Chhotaudepur district, 180 women who were members of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) were surveyed. The results show that 45.00 per cent of the women were in the middle age group, with 32.22 per cent having a secondary level of education. The majority (82.25 per cent) were engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry, and 83.33 per cent were married. About 49.45 per cent had low levels of experience, and most families (60.00 per cent) had 5 to 8 members. 68.33 per cent of the women had marginal landholding size up to 1.00 hectare, and 62.80 per cent had annual incomes below ₹50,000/-. Moreover, 76.12 per cent of respondents belonged to one organization, and 40.00 per cent had access to fair market facilities. Mass media exposure was low, with 70.55 per cent having very little exposure, and 39.45 per cent had low participation in extension activities. A significant percentage of respondents (ranging from 56.11 to 73.33) did not have the opportunity to attend training sessions of various durations. Family support was high for 33.35 per cent of the respondents, and 48.90 per cent had a positive attitude towards SHGs. The primary reason for joining SHGs, as reported by 93.33 per cent of the respondents, was to supplement their income, indicating the importance of economic benefits in motivating women to join SHGs.

SIKAP DAN PARTISIPASI PETANI DALAM KEGIATAN PENYULUHAN PADI SAWAH DI KELURAHAN LABIBIA KOTA KENDARI

Agricultural extension has been instrumental in developing agriculture by enhancing the quality of agricultural human resources. This study was conducted on 112 rice paddy farmers in the village of Labibia in December 2022, using simple random sampling. The research sample consisted of 28 farmers from Labibia village. This study examines the variables of extension agents' attitudes, including extension methods, techniques, materials, and media, as well as farmers' participation in activity planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. The logical structure and causal connections between statements are maintained, and the text is free from grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and punctuation errors. This study examines the variables of extension agents' attitudes, including extension methods, techniques, materials, and media, as well as farmers' participation in activity planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. The text adheres to conventional structure and formatting, including consistent citation and footnote style. No changes in content were made. The data analysis utilized descriptive and rank Spearman correlation analyses. The language used is clear, concise, and objective, with a formal register and precise word choice. The study revealed that farmers in the village of Labibia rated the implementation of agricultural extension activities as 'medium' across four indicators: extension methods, techniques, materials, and media used by extension workers. This means that the implementation of extension activities still needs improvement in four indicators to ensure that farmers can fully benefit from the extension process. In Labibia village, farmers' participation in agricultural extension activities falls under the medium category. The three indicators are activity planning, activity implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of agricultural extension activities. In implementing extension activities, it is necessary to ensure participation between farmers and agricultural extension workers to achieve the planned goal of farmer independence. The attitude and participation of farmers in agricultural extension activities have a strong, unidirectional relationship. This means that the higher the farmers' attitude, the higher their participation in extension activities.

Digital Competency in Agriculture Sector- An Outlook in Indian Context

To become aware with how various digital tools are used in Indian agriculture and related industries nowadays. The information was gathered from various academic works and earlier research. The present study was confined in Southern Gangetic Zone of Bihar State during the year 2021-22. The present investigation was carried out in Southern Gangetic Zone for the study Two aspirational districts (NITI Ayog, 2018) namely Gaya, Banka and two non-aspirational district namely Patna, Bhagalpur. The findings indicated that the majority of farmers had gained significant knowledge about and were interested about adopting digital technology on their farms. The variables level of education, landholding, participation in extension activities, and scientific orientation were found to have positive and significant relationships with the attitude of farmers towards the use of digital tools, whereas other variables like age, farming experience, social participation, and cosmopoliteness were found to have non-significant relationships with the attitude of farmers towards the use of digital tools. Farmers working in digitalized environments still need a strong background of agricultural basics Government should invest time and money in spreading the word about the advantages of digitization. The importance of digital technologies in agriculture was highlighted in the report. This article discusses the various ways that digital tools can be applied, from crop planning to eventual crop purchases by farmers.

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A study was conducted to determine the propensity of livestock farmers to adopt ICTs in the Barnala district of Punjab, India. The convenience sampling technique was used to select 60 livestock farmers from all three blocks of the Barnala district and the data was collected from respondent livestock farmers via direct interview using a pre-formulated schedule. Livestock farmers were using ICT (GADVASU apps) to enhance their farm income. The commonly used ICT tools were mobile phones, Internet browsing, newspapers, and television. The use of ICT (GADVASU apps) by livestock farmers was effective as it contributed to enhancing livestock productivity. Socio-economic and institutional factors significantly influenced the use and adoption of ICTs by livestock farmers. Tobit analysis results indicated that age, education level, herd size, and participation in extension activities were significant (p<0.1) determining factors influencing the adoption of ICTs. Farmers have small herd sizes, little experience using ICT, and higher education levels. Adoption of ICTs (GADVASU apps) may be sustainable among livestock farmers if the extension agencies prioritise developing strategies and programmes to educate farmers. The government also subsidises farmers so that they can purchase data and ICT tools.

Family-Run Pig Farms: Research and Extension Activities for Parasite Control in a Municipality in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The parasites infesting pigs and pig farmers on family farms in Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil, were analyzed, and extension activities were carried out to impart information about parasites. Between 2020 and 2021, fecal samples were collected from 180 pigs as well as ear scrapings from 142 pigs. In addition, 34 stool specimens from farmers and their families were analyzed. The collected material was processed by parasitological techniques. Parasites were detected in 86.1% of the pigs, forms of phylum Ciliophora (70.5%), strongylids (56.7%), Strongyloides ransomi (44.4%), coccidia (38.3%) and Ascaris suum (32.2%). Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis were identified in 3.5% of the pigs. An analysis of infections by age group revealed that the general frequency of phylum Ciliophora and strongylid parasites was statistically significant. Other factors also associated with the frequency of the parasites included the type of food fed to the pigs, cleaning of the facilities, care of piglets and type of facility. The frequency of intestinal parasites of farmers themselves was low; however, the high rate of parasite infections detected in pigs highlighted the precarious conditions of hygiene of the farms. Lastly, the farmers’ participation in extension activities was a step forward in actions to improve their farm management.

Level of tomato growers' application of scientific recommendations in the district of Al-Alam / Salah Al-Din Governorate and relationship with some variables

The research aims to measure the level of application of tomato growers of scientific recommendations in the district of Al-Alam / Salah Al-Din Governorate, as well as to find a correlation between the level of farmers’ application of scientific recommendations and personal variables, namely (age, ownership of agricultural equipment, participation in extension activities, and the purpose of cultivating the crop, And sources of information about the tomato crop) as well as identifying the problems faced by the tomato crop growers in the district of Al-Alam, the research community included all the (454) farmers of the tomato crop in the district of Al-Alam. After excluding the exploratory sample of (30) farmers, a random sample of (30%) was selected, thus bringing the total number of the research sample to (127) farmers. It included a test consisting of 40 items distributed over seven areas (land preparation, planting date, method, variety selection, fertilization, irrigation, pest control, maturity, and harvesting. Several statistical methods were used to analyze the data (range, Pearson and Spearman's law, and T-test).

Communication Problems Facing Agricultural Employees Working in Agricultural Extension in Extension Centers in the Central and Northern Governorates of Iraq and their Relationship to Some Variables

Survey to identify the size of the problems, solving them in solving them, solving their problems, solving them in solving them, solving their problems, solving their problems, solving them in solving them, solving their problems in solving them, solving their problems in solving them, solving their problems in solving communication, solving translation problems in Work environment) educational seminar, seminar, seminar, seminar, educational seminar, upbringing, participation in extension activities). The research included all the agricultural workers working in agricultural extension in extension centers in the governorates of central and northern Iraq, and their number was (103). The exploratory sample consisting of (30) employees was excluded from the final procedures of the research, and thus the final research community became (73) employees. A questionnaire form was prepared to collect data for the research. It consisted of two parts. The first part included the factors related to the employees, while the second part included (63) phrases, each of which represented a communication problem, divided into five areas. SPSS program has been used for the social and psychological sciences and some other statistical methods to analyze the data and achieve the research objectives. The results showed that more than half of the respondents suffer from medium communication problems, as it was found that the area of problems related to the counsellor ranked first. The results showed a significant correlation between the size of the problems and a number of the studied factors. The researchers concluded that a large number of respondents suffer from communication problems that limit them from carrying out counseling activities with high efficiency. The two researchers recommend solving the communication problems of the employees and taking into consideration the factors that had a significant correlation with the size of the communication problems when assigning the employees to implement the extension activities.

The Factors of Deterioration of Natural Pastures From The View Point of Agricultural Employees in Al-Muthanna Governorate

The research aimed to determine the impact studied factors represented by (people’s activities, government activities, natural factors) on the deterioration of natural pastures in the Governorate of Al-Muthanna the point of view of agricultural employees in the governorate. The research included all agricultural employees with a preparatory scientific qualification in agriculture and above in the governorate their number is (94) employees. A questionnaire was prepared to collect the data necessary to achieve the objectives of the research. It consisted of two parts. The first part included the factors related to the employees, which are (term of service, academic achievement, participation in extension activities, job position and work location). The second part included a measure to identify the agricultural employees’ the point of view of on the factors affecting the deterioration of natural pastures. It consists of (46) section spread over (3) field covered by the research. The results showed that government activities have the most impact on the deterioration of natural pastures, it was found a statistically significant difference in the respondents’ point of view about the influence of the studied factors according to their personal characteristics. The researchers concluded the necessity of agricultural expansion in pasture lands and industrial investments, as well as the importance of personal factors in assigning employees who can work in the development of natural pastures, and the researchers recommend activating government laws for the protection of natural pastures to prevent abuses (people’s activities, government activities) that contributed greatly to the deterioration of vegetation cover in the research area and taking into account the factors studied in the selection of workers in the development of natural pastures in the research area.

Relationship analysis of farmers participation in agricultural extension with corn production levels in South Sulawesi

Extension activities cannot be separated from the participation of farmers as objects. The success of the extension can be seen from the extent to which farmers apply what they get to the farm they manage and the extent to which the production results obtained from their farming. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between farmer participation in extension activities and maize production levels in South Sulawesi. This research was conducted in South Sulawesi Province, Jeneponto Regency and Gowa Regency. The data collected is primary data obtained from 40 corn farmers taken from 2 farmer groups. The data used are respondent characteristics, technology characteristics, farmer participation variables. Data analysis using descriptive analysis and Chi Square data analysis using SPSS program. Based on the results of the study, it was found that 58.1 percent of farmer characteristics had an effect on the level of corn production and there was a significant relationship between farmer participation in extension and corn production.

Effect of Extension Training on Technical Efficiency of Maize Farmers in Ogbomoso Agricultural Zone of Oyo State, Nigeria

The efficiency of any entrepreneur is a function of personal production skill, knowledge and experience acquired over time and exposure via training in the field of his or her enterprise focus. It is on this premise that this study examined the effect of extension training on technical efficiency of maize farmers in Ogbomoso Agricultural Zone, Oyo State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was adopted for the selection of One-hundred and Eighty-One (181) maize farmers, while structured and validated interview schedule was used to obtain necessary information from the sampled respondents. Data collected were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The mean age of sampled farmers was 48 years and majority (80.1%) of the farmers was male. The farmers with extension contact have access to different extension trainings on maize production in the study area. The average household sizes were 7 and 8, with the average farm sizes of 1.423ha and 1.417ha for both contact and non-contact maize farmers respectively. Those farmers with extension contact were found to be technically efficient than non-contact farmers. Significant relationship existed between some selected socio-economic characteristics of both sampled maize farmers and their maize output. The study therefore suggests the need to create more awareness on the roles of extension services on crop production among farmers and the authorities concern with extension service delivery should improve on the frequency of extension contact in order to encourage farmers' participation in extension activities in the study area and rural communities in Nigeria at large. Keywords: Extension training, technical efficiency, contact and non-contact maize farmers.

Farmer's Perception regarding On-farm Water Conservation in Punjab Agriculture

The present paper aimed to explore the farmer's perception regarding on-farm water conservation in Punjab agriculture and outline the critical factors affecting the knowledge and adoption of on-farm water conservation techniques. The study was conducted in Moga, Rupnagar and Sri Muktsar Sahib districts selected randomly representing three agro-climatic zones of Punjab. The study revealed that most of the respondents were literate with farming experience of more than 15 years. The regression analysis applied on the knowledge index, and adoption index concluded that by enhancing the education level, mass media exposure, extension contacts, participation in extension activities, and farming experience, the knowledge level regarding the new technologies may improve, resulted in the effective adoption of that particular technology. It will also help to reduce future constraints in the adoption of the technologies and for increasing the income level of the farmers by decreasing the cost of production.

Profile characteristics of youth in dairying in Telangana state, India

The present study is focused to study profile characteristics of Youth in Dairying Telangana State. A total of 220 respondents were selected across the state and interviewed. Most of the respondents belonged to the age group of 30-35 years, male, possessed high school level of education, belonged to nuclear family with small family size up to 5 members, were small farmers with medium livestock possession and high level of dairy farming experience, medium level of milk production and annual income, low level of training received, medium level of marketing behaviour, low level of participation in extension activities, medium level of information seeking behaviour and knowledge on improved dairy farming practices.

Adoption of Olive Farmers to the Integrated Pest Management Techniques in the Syrian Coastal Region

Sakr, L.M., M.J. Al-Abdallah and A.N.M. Bashir. 2021. Adoption of Olive Farmers to the Integrated Pest Management Techniques in the Syrian Coastal Region. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(1): 69-78. A survey was conducted to investigate adoption of integrated pest management (IPM) approaches by olive farmers, through determining their knowledge about the most important olive pests in the Syrian Coastal Area, and the relationship between growers’ personal traits and their adoption of IPM approaches. This evaluation was carried out in 42 villages in Tartus and Lattakia governorates along the Syrian coast in 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with a random sample of 420 olive growers by using a questionnaire designed for the purpose of this study. Collected data on frequencies, percentages, averages, standard deviations, relative importance index, in addition to correlation coefficients, were used for data analysis. Results showed that: the Spilocaea oleagina (Cast.), Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), Prays oleae (Bernard) and Euphyllura olivina (Costa) were the most prevalent pests in the researched area, whereas Margaronia unionalis (Hubner), Leveillula taurica (Lév.), and Phloeotribus scarabaeoides (Bernard) were less common. Almost 57.78 and 32.8% of farmers had medium level of IPM adoption in Tartus and Lattakia governorates, respectively. Positive significant correlation was found between adoption levels and each of degree of participation in extension activities and knowledge levels, whereas negative significant correlation was found between adoption levels and each of land property fragmentation and constraints of IPM implementation. Based on this findings it can be concluded that extension activities need to be intensified and more emphasis should be placed on training programs to improve growers’ knowledge and adoption of the concepts and applications of IPM practices. Keywords: Integrated pest management, olive growers, Syrian coast, knowledge diffusion level, adoption.

Factors Affecting the Adoption of Technology in Dairy Farms in the Konya Region of Turkey.

This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the technology adaptation of dairy farms. For this purpose, according to the stratified random sampling method, 125 dairy farms were determined as the sample size. In the analysis of the factors affecting the technology adaptation of dairy farms, a “tech-nology usage index” was created according to the current technology usage situations of the producers. Factors affecting the technology adaptation of dairy farms were determined by multiple linear regression analysis. According to the multiple linear regression analysis results, education, experience/age ratio, workforce, credit usage status, participation in extension activities and income were found to be statisti-cally significant at the 5% level. The yield was found to be significant at the 10% significance level. En-terprises using low and high technology follow technologies from other farmers in the village, television and dealers in the district. Lead farmers should be used in agricultural extension activities and mass media should be used.

A Study on the Knowledge Level and Extent of Adoption of Plant Protection Measures against Blast Disease of Rice by the Farmers of Indian Sundarbans

The study was conducted to know the knowledge and adoption level of plant protection measures against blast disease among 80 respondent paddy growers in the blocks of North and South 24 Parganas of Sundarbans. About 48.75% of the respondents had medium knowledge. Majority of the respondents (75%) knew about blast disease of rice and its key identifying symptom. The 67.5% farmers were having the knowledge about the fungicides used against the disease (Tricyclazole 75 WP, Carbendazim 50 WP, Hexaconazole 5EC), and 22.5% of the farmers knowing about the recommended dose of fungicide application. The 28.75% of the respondents also knew that the fungicide should be applied at the first appearance of the disease. Further, it has been found that the adoption level of plant protection measures against blast disease of rice was medium (47.5%). Nearly 53.75% of the respondents practicing rice cultivation were in the middle age group of 31-50 years. Most of the respondent had either 0.13-0.27ha (22.5%) or 0.40-0.67ha (37.5%) landholding wherein they were practicing rice cultivation. Almost all the respondents (100%) possessed Knapsack or hand sprayer for fungicide application. Climatic vagaries, lack of knowledge about to the number of sprays and concerning technology application, non-availability of fungicide on time, lack of facility at the nearby place were the major constraints as expressed by 95, 83.75, 85, 90, and 95 per cent of respondents, respectively. The high cost of chemicals and expensiveness and non-availability of labour during peak cropping period were also the major constraints as expressed by 60 and 83.75 per cent of the respondents, respectively. There was a significant relationship between age, education, landholding, social, mass media and participation in extension activities with knowledge and adoption levels of the farmers of the Indian Sundarbans.

Faktor-Faktor Penentu Partisipasi Petani dalam Penyuluhan Pertanian Era Otonomi Daerah Di Kabupaten Bogor

Regional autonomy has made regency governments have broad authority in the implementation of agricultural extension. Agricultural extension activities emphasize the principle of community empowerment through community participation. The research aims to analyze descriptively farmer participation and analyze the factors that influence farmer participation in agricultural extension. The study was conducted in Bogor Regency, West Java. This type of research is a quantitative study with a survey approach. The population in this study were farmers who were members of farmer groups in Bogor Regency. The samples were determined using the Slovin formula and 93 respondents were obtained. Samples were selected using stratified random sampling. The research variables consisted of individual characteristics (X1), external factors (X2), extension activities (X3), program availability (X4) and farmer participation (Y). The data in this study consisted of primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained directly from respondents using a questionnaire. Secondary data is data on village monographs, village documents and conditions and a combination of farmer groups or farmer groups previously available that support research activities. Data processing techniques using descriptive statistical analysis and regression analysis. The results showed that farmers' participation in extension activities was high (77.42%). The factors that influence farmers' participation in agricultural extension activities are age, training, apprenticeship, perception, motivation, extension activities and program availability factors.

PARTISIFASI PETANI DALAM KEGIATAN PENYULUHAN USAHATANI PADI SAWAH SISTEM TANAM JAJAR LEGOWO DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT

Lowland rice farming with jajar legowo’s planting system causes an increase in production which is originally 6 tons / hectare to 8.8 tons / hectare, but until now not all farmers have adopted the technology. This research is conducted in West Lombok Regency with survey techniques, with descriptive data analysis. The results show that: the participation of farmers in the extension activities of paddy farming with jowo legowo’s planting system is quite high in number with level of participation is 161.25 Some of the obstacles faced by farmers in extension activities are as follows: collide with other activities, there is boredom in participating in counseling because they think it wastes time, the delivery of material is not in accordance with the planting patterns planned by farmers and the benefits are still lacking. There are still many farmers who do not adopt the technology, with the reason that: planting with a row planting system requires more time, requires more seeds, requires more fertilizer and more work conditions, ultimately impacting the costs incurred by the farmers. To increase farmers' participation in extension activities, more intensive training is needed by field extension workers (PPL), so that they can change the behavior of farmers and want to adopt the technology

Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Pemberian Imunisasi Campak pada Balita

Measles immunization is complete basic immunization that must be given to children from 9 to 59 months. Measles immunization coverage in the Limau-Limau Posyandu at the Asam Kumbang Health Center has decreased from 69.2% to 41.9%. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and roles of cadres and measles immunization in infants. This study uses a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all mothers with children (9-59 months). The sample is all toddlers, while the respondents are all mothers who have toddlers with a total sampling technique. Analysis was performed using Chi Square test. The univariate results in this study indicate that more respondents did not bring their children for measles immunization (59.5%) more than half of respondents had low knowledge (64.9%), more than half of respondents were negative (62.2%), and more of half of respondents said the cadre's role was not good (62.2%) for measles immunization in infants. Bivariate results showed that there was a significant relationship between knowledge, attitudes and roles of cadres and measles immunization for infants (p = 0,000). For this reason, it is necessary to increase the frequency of counseling and training of cadres in order to change the role of cadres from less good to better, in addition respondents respondents must increase active participation in extension activities in order to increase knowledge.