Participatory Planning Research Articles

Unlocking the Potential of Participatory Planning: How Flexible and Adaptive Governance Interventions Can Work in Practice

AbstractThe past two decades have witnessed the rapid diffusion of participatory planning models, including Community-Driven Development and Participatory Budgeting. Despite enormous funding outlays, studies paint a mixed picture about whether and when these programs “work” to improve welfare, governance, or social change. To better understand these questions, our paper takes an in-depth approach to understanding the sub-national application of a single participatory planning intervention implemented across Northern Kenya, using qualitative process tracing to understand the mechanisms operating across five counties. Our findings suggest the potential for participatory planning interventions to succeed is contingent on three factors which are insufficiently understood by both practitioners and academics. (1) At the institutional level, participatory planning interventions need to address genuine governance gaps by fulfilling functions that are not met by formal or informal institutions. (2) The rule-based design of participatory institutions often requires adaptation at the sub-national level in response to contextual factors, and the success of this adaptation mediates whether rules function as intended. (3) Ground-level implementers exercise far more discretion than officially recognized during implementation, suggesting they function as a poorly understood source of variation between and within programs.

TRANSLATING SCIENCE INTO PRACTICE: APPLYING IMPLEMENTATION SCIENCE TO STREAMLINE FUTURE HIH ROLL-OUT

Abstract The delay between establishing evidence-based practice and translating effective practices is well documented. This presentation will focus on the application of implementation science principles to the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Hospital-In-Home program using a staged approach. The stages are: 1) assessing current program implementation, 2) measuring organizational readiness with new sites, 3) developing tools and resources to assist new HIH sites, and 4) working with new sites interested in adopting the HIH program using a participatory implementation planning process guided by system dynamics. In this session we will profile our use of theories, models and frameworks including the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance (REAIM) framework. The CFIR Expert Recommendation for Implementing Change (ERIC) Mapping Tool will be introduced as useful to identifying strategies to overcome barriers to implementation. We will apply the participatory approaches for implementation planning, including Implementation Mapping, development of Implementation Logic Models, and Group Model Building to plan for the implementation of HIH in prospective sites. Key implementation science concepts and techniques will be introduced, along with a description of how participatory approaches will facilitate informed planning and stakeholder engagement in future implementation, adaptation, and roll-out of an evidence-based systemic program. Key anticipated outputs include a framework for the core components of HIH intervention, a catalog of important determinants of HIH implementation success, a profile of existing strategies to enhance implementation and sustainability, and a roadmap for the participatory planning of HIH implementation in future contexts.

Key Characterizes of Education Sector Development Program for Quality Improvement of Primary and Secondary Schools in Ethiopia

The Ethiopian government prioritizes education because it believes it is important for reducing poverty and developing the country. The education system has four levels: pre-primary, primary, secondary, and higher education. Pre-primary education is for children aged 4-6, primary education is for children aged 7-14, secondary education is for children aged 15-18, and higher education is for students of all ages. The preparation process for the Ethiopian Social Development Plan (ESDP) was flexible and adapted to the specific context. This approach was a major factor in the success of the process. Therefore, this study does not provide a one-size-fits-all template for preparing other ESDPs, but instead highlights the general principles and issues that are important to consider. Expansion is a central and outstanding feature of the many changes that have characterized the Ethiopian education system at all levels. This trend is likely to continue, as evidenced by the Education Sector Development Program. Primary and secondary education research and policy studies are too numerous to list. The MOE’s management capacity can be evaluated by relevance (participatory planning), efficiency, and effectiveness.

The Role of Place Attachment in Building Community-Based Solid Waste Management Practices in the Municipality of Calauan, Laguna

Place attachment has been studied over the past years in the realm of environmental psychology and social sciences. The study explores the place attachment of the residents of Calauan, Laguna, a second-class municipality in the Philippines which faces a very challenging waste problem. Further, the study aims to characterize the degree of place attachment of the residents, determine residents’ environmentally responsible behavior in accordance with their place attachment, and explain the role of place attachment in building community-based solid waste management (SWM) practices in the locality. The study used a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire incorporating socio-demographic characteristics, three (3) parameters of place attachment (place identity, nature bonding, and community ties), and concept of environmentally responsible behavior. Findings revealed that place attachment of the residents, as determined by the three parameters used, were at a high level — a means in having a positive role in building SWM practices. Consequently, decision-making influenced by active citizenry and participatory planning will eventually trigger a holistic and ecologically sound intervention towards the environment.

Quality Indicators for Rehabilitation Care Among Patients with Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases: A Multicenter Study, Cross sectional study.

Abstract Objective Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) are among the most common disorders in the general population. Rehabilitation quality indicators (QIs) are one tool for assessing the quality and efficiency of healthcare resources. The aim of this study was to utilize one of the validated QIs to assess the current quality of rehabilitation services for RMDs in Egypt and Saudia Arabia. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional survey study, in which rehabilitation unit managers answered 19 structure questions at the start of the test period using a web-based, structured questionnaire. While one to two months after completing a rehabilitation program, the patient answered 14 written questions based on 11 process and 3 outcome quality indicators. Results 36 Egyptian and 43 Saudi healthcare workers, as well as 350 Egyptian and 331 Saudi patients, completed the questionnaires. In Egypt and Saudi Arabia, more than 60% of rehabilitation units and service users agreed on the majority of quality indicator domains, including patient assessment and rehabilitation outcomes. The lowest pass rates for a rehabilitation unit structure QIs were the planning of two meetings between the patient and the team, meeting with next of kin, and access to meetings with some professionals, which also reflected the lowest quality domains observed by the service user in the process as regards patient participation in the rehabilitation process and planning of the period after rehabilitation. Conclusion The quality of RMDs rehabilitation programs varies widely, both nationally and across countries. Quality improvement in specific aspects of RMD rehabilitation care is required.

Location Hunting Game: Developing an Application to Promote Gameful Hybrid Machi-aruki Town Exploration

Previous research has established the relevance of digital tools in participatory processes of urban planning and design. Nevertheless, the debate about the role that these information and communication technologies (ICTs) play within the participatory process, with respect to established practices and methods, and in relation to community building and public space, is still ongoing. The purpose of this paper is to present the design and development of a participation tool that attempts to combine physical and digital forms of interaction with public space and the community in the context of an essential initiation practice in Japanese participatory planning, called machi-aruki (town walking or walking tours). This tool, named the Location Hunting Game (LHG), employs location data as a medium to connect digital and physical realms, and was developed in a broader theory-driven research endeavor that explores the potential of location data in collective urban planning and governance. This article presents the concepts and objectives of LHG, the game design, the interface design, the prototyping process, the technical specifications, and a summary of the preliminary results of a trial study. The results provide insights into the potentials and limitations of the current prototype and development challenges, and conclude with future research steps.

BERSAMA MEMBANGUN: Kisah Sukses Partisipasi Desa dalam Pembangunan Infrastruktur di Watubangga

The purpose of this study was to determine community participation in village development in Kukutio Village, Watubangga Sub-district, Kolaka Regency. This research used descriptive qualitative research method with the number of informants as many as 9 people. Data collection techniques are observation, direct interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique is by using data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed that community participation in Kukutio Village, Watubangga Sub-district, Kolaka Regency in development was quite good. Community participation in development planning in the form of thoughts, the community participates in musrembang to explore ideas to be conveyed in the village level musrembang. Community participation in development implementation is in the form of contributions in the form of money, property, labor and skill.

PENINGKATAN PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PERENCANAAN DAN PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR DESA JAYALAKSANA

Community service activities related to increasing community participation in infrastructure planning and development aim to find out and analyse community participation in infrastructure development and see the supporting factors for community participation in the implementation of development in Jayalaksana Village, Cabang Bungin District. The methods used are community education and training. Meanwhile, the data collection techniques used in this research are direct observation and implementation of the programme at the location and documentation. The results of this service activity show that the participation of the Jayalaksana Village community in infrastructure development is quite good, because the community provides assistance in the form of thoughts, and labour. This shows that some community members know and are active in a series of community service activities carried out to minimise damage to village infrastructure due to littering by some people. There are several things that influence the community in participating, the existence of socialisation, opportunity, and leader factors.

Towards an ethical tourism recovery in Northern peripheries

Unsustainable tourism growth prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and disruption of tourism caused by its outbreak, together with the global environmental crisis and different global and local injustices, have raised debates on what tourism should be like in the future. A more ethical tourism sector post-recovery has become a topical issue for strategy making in post-pandemic tourism. In this research note, we tie together local stakeholder views on ethical tourism recovery in northern peripheries, a review of current tourism strategies in the area and relevant literature to add to the debate regarding ethical tourism recovery in the region. Our findings show that the local stakeholders participating in our research saw need for more inclusive and participatory community-centred tourism planning and development than most of the reviewed tourism strategies, which were mainly following neoliberal utilitarian ethics. Ethics should be explicitly referenced and discussed in tourism planning and policy making and form an integral part of tourism strategies, and further research is needed to support this transition.

Marshall Plan or neocolonization? The Model Cities Program and Black planning criticism

ABSTRACT This paper analyses the writing of Black activists, planners, and critics to reconcile two opposing perceptions of the Model Cities Program: an initiative known for its elevation of Black elected officials and a program that used the guise of citizen participation to stifle more radical forms of dissent. In 1966, Model Cities emerged in part from the call for a domestic Marshall Plan for Black Americans. Yet as the program began making incremental changes to the country’s neighbourhoods from 1967 to the early 1970s, participants and critics instead began to see Model Cities’ relationship to Black Americans as a new form of colonialism. To determine how this shift occurred, this paper analyses this critical commentary against the archival evidence of Model Cities implementation in the cities in which it appeared. Situating these authors’ arguments within the parallel emergence of Black studies and participatory planning as well as within larger Cold War diplomatic history, planning history, and African American intellectual history reveals how visions of revolution turned into a program of representation. Meanwhile, the plans these figures produced as part of Model Cities point to what a revolutionary program might yet be.

PENINGKATAN SKILL EDITING FOTO & VIDEO MELALUI PELATIHAN PENGENALAN APLIKASI EDITING PADA SISWA KELAS X

The increasing demand from companies and the need for job vacancies in the field of photo and video editing in the media today has made it urgent for students majoring in broadcasting to hone their editing skills before jumping in and getting involved in the media industry. Based on observations, the limited human resources available in schools often prevent students from realizing the importance of these skills, so in order to accelerate knowledge, cooperation, and participation of students is needed to improve photo and video editing skills beyond those provided by the school. This community service aims to improve photo and video editing skills through training in the introduction of Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Premiere editing applications, for class X students majoring in Broadcasting at SMKN 1 Demak. The method used in this activity is Participatory Action Research (PAR), with stages, namely, observation, planning, action, and evaluation. The training includes an introduction to several photo and video editing applications, Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Premiere, as well as effective editing techniques. The results of this activity obtained a percentage increase in knowledge about photo and video editing skills of 82.7%. High student enthusiasm also shows an increase in theoretical understanding of how to edit photos and videos. This training has helped students apply photo and video editing skills in terms of promotions, digital marketing, company profiles, and personal branding of a product. Furthermore, this skill also opens up opportunities for students to be able to create businesses independently in the field of creating strategies and creative content.

Women's Empowerment and Participation in Islamic Financial Planning Diversity, Equity and Inclusion: Evidence from Maqasid al-Shari`ah

The study places a strong emphasis on women’s empowerment, given the quick changes in society that are occurring right now. Many women are pursuing various sorts of employment, including self-employment, in this era of economic liberalization and women's empowerment. However, this study aims to investigate the connection between Islam and women's empowerment by examining Maqasid al-Shari'ah perspectives on this matter. To have a thorough understanding of Islam and women's empowerment, it is imperative to consider the role played by women in the financial sector and their contribution to economic progress. Using an experiment, this study examined the relationship between confidence, gender, and race in dealing with a financial planner among various groups and races with colour and creed. The study's implications are significant for comprehending the obstacles and chances that under-represented groups encounter in pursuing financial planning success. The alignment of industry measures to raise the proportion of women and persons from varied backgrounds in the financial services sector led to the focus of this study on women and diversity. This essay examines the primary factors influencing diversity and the place of women in various financial management, CSR, and external corporate governance roles. This research also focuses on women's leadership and social diversity, focusing on female managers committed to fostering and maintaining equity and diversity inside their organizations. This study demonstrates how women plan financially for retirement based on psychological concepts and sociodemographic variables, highlighting the importance of financial management and planning for women. It showed a strong correlation between the investor's choice of investments and the strong relationship between the women's decision-making processes on the mental and financial levels. To assess the core idea of Maqasid al-Shari’ah from primary and secondary Islamic knowledge sources, which serves as a model for women's empowerment, and to pinpoint the obstacles to women's empowerment and participation in Islamic financial planning in terms of diversity, equity, and inclusion, this study employs the qualitative method.

Evolvable case-based design: An artificial intelligence system for urban form generation with specific indicators

This research proposes a design system that combines a case-based learning algorithm with a rule-based optimization algorithm to automatically generate and revise urban form prototypes based on historical cases and user requirements. The system aims to address the challenges of existing generative methods for urban forms, such as the lack of flexibility and organicity of rule-based methods and the insufficient manipulability and interpretability of the newest GAN-integrated case-based methods. It can help designers generate multiple solutions with specific indicators in the conceptual stage and has the potential to facilitate citizen participation in urban planning and design. This research demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the system through a case study in Shenzhen. The research further extends the discussion about the application of the proposed system and the alternative evolution approach for the next generation of automatic design methods.

Participatory scenario planning as a useful method for transforming ocean conflicts: Insights from a small-scale fishing conflict in São Paulo coast, Brazil

There are several initiatives towards the science-policy interface and the co-production of knowledge, but there is still few methodological and empirically grounded guidance helping scientists to design and implement research that actively facilitate transformative changes in ocean conflicts. In this paper, we explore the potential of the participatory scenario planning tool in the transformation of a conflict case on small-scale fishing in Brazil. We highlight the lessons learned, potential, and challenges of the scenario planning approach for conflict transformation. Despite being an approach widely applied to coastal and marine environmental and management issues, the scenarios methodology has not been explicitly applied in conflict situations, with the parties in dispute, as we did. Our methodological approach consisted of a previous research stage, based on documental analysis, direct observation of meetings and semi-structured interviews, followed by a participatory scenario planning workshop. Our results show that the participatory scenario planning was able to find the common desires as well as the uncertainties that generated doubts, mistrust, and in many moments disagreements among different groups of stakeholders that were in conflict. Previous research and the employment of multiple methods to build the history of the conflict contributed to legitimate researchers' positionality, to know the parties involved and the power dynamics. We raised some questions to advance the understanding of how the participatory scenarios planning contribute to transforming ocean conflicts in a more critical and politicized view.

Anthropization of Goroubi forest reserve (GFR) in North Benin, West Africa

The Goroubi forest reserve (GFR) is under pressure leading to its extinction. This research aims to contribute to the restoration plans of the said forest in the district of Birni-Lafia in north Benin. In order to achieve this, questionnaire surveys and interviews were conducted with 79 people through random sampling in all of the villages of the district. The importance value index (IVI) of the pressures and the response rate were calculated. Mainly occupied by the rônier (Borassus aethiopum) originally, the GFR is particularly threatened by agriculture (IVI = 1), illegal exploitation (IVI = 0.94), grazing (IVI = 0.64), hunting (IVI = 0.51) and herbal medicine (IVI = 0.36). These pressures cause the disappearance of plant species (100 %), animal species (94 %), land degradation (89 %), etc. Today, the dominant occupation unit is a rice growing area with 327.7598 ha of cultivated territory. Therefore, it seems that the GFR is losing its forest identity. It is necessary to create new participatory management plan for the forest, initiate reforestation activities, set up a fixed co-management committee for the forest and create annual reports on the state of management of its resources in order to limit these pressures.

Editorial Presentation - Perspectives on innovation governance: challenges and dilemmas

Editorial Presentation - Perspectives on innovation governance: challenges and dilemmas

People's Participation and Governance Principles Shaping Inclusive Urban Planning

This research investigates the intricate interplay between participatory democracy and urban planning, with a focal point on fostering inclusiveness and sustainability. The literature review delves into existing perspectives on public participation, elucidating its connection to local democracy and emphasizing the symbiotic relationship with principles of good governance. The paper outlines key objectives for public participation in urban planning, underscoring the importance of transparent communication and early engagement. Examining diverse urban scenarios, the case studies spotlight instances of public participation, including the protest against Bengaluru's elevated road network, the alternative master plan in Dharavi, and environmental advocacy in Goa. These cases exemplify the transformative potential of community engagement and the challenges inherent in reconciling economic considerations with unique socio-economic fabrics. In conclusion, the research emphasizes the global impact of public participation in shaping urban development. The commitment and resilience demonstrated by citizens underscore the vital role of active community involvement in shaping the destiny of their regions. Early participation emerges as crucial for informed decision-making, fostering a sense of ownership and contributing to a more inclusive, resilient, and sustainable global future. Key Words: People's participation, Urban Planning, Inclusiveness, sustainability, Community involvement

Shifting from traditional infrastructure planning to a collaborative approach: lessons from the Freetown sanitation master plan

Abstract Planning frameworks, usually in the form of master plans, provide the direction for investment priorities necessary to achieve development objectives in many sub-Saharan African countries. Traditionally, master plans were developed using engineering methodologies with little stakeholder participation. There is little understanding of how master plans for sanitation infrastructure and services can be collaboratively designed. Through the application of a case study from Freetown, Sierra Leone, the paper proposes a framework for shifting infrastructure planning from conventional models to participatory, evidence-based methods. Findings highlight that the commitment of government and funding institutions created a sense of urgency and importance around sanitation issues and unlocked opportunities for increased financing and a better enabling policy and regulatory environment. Active engagement of the community and evidence-based decision-making ensured that the master plan aligned with the specific needs, preferences, and aspirations of all stakeholders. It was however challenging to use the principles of citywide inclusive sanitation (CWIS) for participatory planning because the implementing agencies and stakeholders lacked adequate capacity to do so. These findings hold significant implications for decision-makers, sanitation planners, and municipal authorities engaged in the development of sanitation master plans.

Function of the Media on Family Planning on Community Perception and Participation in Sorong Papua

Attention to the Family Planning (KB) program received priority during the New Order era. The family planning program had even become a government program at the beginning of that period. Before becoming a government program, Family Planning had begun to be socialized by several individuals or private institutions who had an interest in the program. The aim of this research is to find out information sources that provide family planning information to the public, differences in perceptions according to information sources, differences in participation according to perception, differences in participation according to sources of information, and to find out 5 differences in participation according to perception which are controlled by level of education, number of children they have and desire to have another child. The method used in this research is census. Data analysis was carried out using the chi-square statistical test using the SPSS program version 17.0. The research results showed that the majority of respondents obtained family planning information through television (58.2%), and there was an influence of information on perceptions and participation in family planning. This is proven by the differences in perception according to exposure to information, participation according to perception and participation according to exposure to information convincingly with a confidence level of 95%. In the control variables, there are significant differences in participation according to education level and number of children (95%), while there is no significant difference in participation according to the desire to have more children. Information determines participation in family planning practices, but does not determine the desire to have more children. This is due to different perceptions of the value of children, so the desire to have more children does not influence participation in family planning practices.

Beneficiaries’ Participation and Project Sustainability in Rwanda: A Case of Land Husbandry Water Harvesting and Hillside Irrigation Project in Rulindo District

Project sustainability is a global concern, with the goal of ensuring project objectives continue after official closure. However, project failure remains a mystery due to various factors. This study aimed to determine the impact of beneficiaries' participation in project identification, planning, and implementation on project sustainability in Rwanda. The research used stakeholder theory, reasoned action theory, and sustainability theory, with a descriptive design for both quantitative and qualitative data. The study involved 38 participants and a sample size of 35. The researcher analyzed and interpreted theoretical literature, empirical and critical literature, and presented a conceptual framework. Stratified sampling technique was used to select defendants representing various groups, and a regression model was used. Descriptive survey design was used to gather general information and administer questionnaires to respondents. Simple Random sampling method was used for staff selection. Regression analysis revealed that beneficiaries' participation in identification significantly affects project sustainability (β= 0.628, p =.000). However, beneficiaries' participation in planning had no statistically significant effect on project sustainability improvement (β= 0.048, p =.689). However, beneficiaries' participation in project implementation had a statistically significant effect on project sustainability (β= 0.584, p =.000). The study successfully achieved all research objectives and addressed the research gap by acquiring new knowledge from existing literature. The researcher recommends that governments, non-governmental organizations, and private sector federations implement measures to improve beneficiaries' participation in project management skills, and projects initiators, founders, donors, and managers should enhance their capabilities to contribute to project sustainability.