Partial Substitution Of Cement Research Articles

The mechanical and durability behaviour of sustainable self-compacting concrete partially contained waste plastic as fine aggregate

ABSTRACT Annually, the disposal of low-density polyethylene (LDP) and waste ceramics have increased, which have a negative impact on environmental pollution. Thus, construction material sustainability can be achieved through the use of these wastes in manufacturing concrete. This experimental investigation aimed to assess the behaviour of self-compacting concrete (SCC) incorporating LDP. A total of six concrete mixes were designed with various volume percentages of 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30% of LDP as fine aggregate and used waste ceramic powder 30% (by weight) as partial substitution of cement for all mixtures. The experimental parameters are composed of fresh properties (fresh density, segregation analysis, H2/H1 ratio, slump flow diameter, V-funnel and T500 slump flow time) and hardened properties of dry density, ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive and flexural strengths. However, the samples were exposed to elevated temperatures at 25 and 800°C for 3 h to examine dry density and compressive strength. The results showed that the dry density and compressive strength with 30% LDP were decreased by 4.9 and 37.17%, respectively, after being exposed to 800°C. From the compressive strength results, it was determined that all the mixes before and after exposure to elevated temperatures were suitable for structural purposes.

Behavior of reactive powder concrete containing recycled glass powder reinforced by steel fiber

AbstractEnvironmental sustainability is described as one that avoids the depletion or deterioration of natural resources, while also allowing for the preservation of long-term environmental quality. By practicing environmental sustainability, we may assist to guarantee that the requirements of today’s population are satisfied without risking the capacity of future generations to meet their own needs in the future. Engineers in the field of concrete production are becoming increasingly interested in sustainable development, which includes the utilization of the locally available materials in addition to using the agricultural and industrial waste in construction industry as one of the possible solutions to the environmental and economic issues. This study investigated the effect of partial substitution of cement with recycled glass powder (0, 15, 20, and 25%) by weight of cement at various ages (on compressive strength) after determining the optimal ratio of replacement. This optimal ratio is used to study its effect on some mechanical properties (such as flexural strength, absorption, and dry density) of reactive powder concrete containing 1% micro steel fiber (SRPC), and furthermore, utilizing steam curing for 5 h at 90°C after hardening the sample directly. Reactive powder concrete (RPC) has been designed with the use of the local cement, silica fume, and super plasticizer with a water/cement ratio of 0.20 in order to achieve a compressive strength of 137.09 MPa at the age of 28 days. When recycled glass powder replacement (20%) was utilized, the findings revealed that the compressive strength of RPC improved by 4.2%, the flexural strength increased by 15.3%, the dry density increased by 0.61%, and the absorption was reduced by 32% at 28 days after the test results were compared to the reference mix.

Influence of Biomass Ash on the Performance and Durability of Mortar

This work revolves around the study of the partial substitution of cement by biomass ash (residue generated during incineration of wood waste) in mortar. The introduction of wood ash in the cement formulation allows solving some problems related to the lack of construction materials and protecting the environment. To carry out this work we have introduced wood ash as an addition which partially substitutes cement at three different replacement percentages (5%, 10% and 15%). We carried out tests on mortar in the fresh state (consistency, density and occluded air); evaluated its performance in the hardened state (compressive and flexural tensile strength), dimensional stability and its durability (water absorption by immersion and by capillarity as well as resistance to chlorides and acidic environments followed by XRD). Results obtained will be compared with the results of control samples with 0% substitution rate. The results of this valorisation show that the incorporation of 5% of ash fillers in the cement improves mechanical resistance as well as certain durability parameters.

STRENGTH EVALUATION OF POZZOLANIC CONCRETE CONTAINING CALCINED CERAMIC WASTE AND GLASS WASTE POWDER

The problems associated with the production of cement used for concrete such as emission of toxic gases, high energy demand, and natural resources consumption, constitute adverse effects on ecology and the economy. However, the use of construction and demolition wastes such as ceramic tiles and glass waste as a partial replacement for cement will help in mitigating the aforementioned problems. Therefore, this study presents the results of an experimental investigation on the strength property of concrete made by partially replacing cement with Calcined Ceramic Waste (CCW) and Waste Glass Powder (WGP) at binary and ternary levels. A mix ratio of 1:2:4 by weight of the binder, sand, and granite with a water-cement ratio of 0.65 was adopted to produce concrete with characteristic cube strength of 15 N/mm2. Tests carried out include flowability potential of fresh concrete matrix and compressive The problems associated with the production of cement used for concrete such as emission of toxic gases, high energy demand, and natural resources consumption, all constitute adverse effects on ecology and the economy. However, utilization of finely-ground construction and demolition wastes such as ceramic tiles and glass waste to partially replace cement will help in mitigating the aforementioned problems. This is therefore a report of the findings of an experimental investigation on the strength property of concrete made by partial substitution of cement with Calcined Ceramic Waste (CCW) and Waste Glass Powder (WGP) at binary and ternary levels. A mix ratio of 1:2:4 by weight of the binder, sand, and granite with a water to cement ratio of 0.65 was adopted to produce concrete with characteristic cube strength of 15 N/mm2. Tests carried out include flowability potential of fresh concrete matrix and compressive strength. The results of tests carried out on mixes of different replacement levels of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with CCW and WGP show that at maturity age of 90 days, concrete compressive strength decreased as the substitution level of CCW and WGP increased except at 5%CCW with 5%WGP (C5G5) and 5%CCW with 10%WGP (C5G10) replacements which gave strengths of 19.03 N/mm2 and 19.00 N/mm2 respectively. These values although less than 22.07 N/mm2 which is the value of the control, nevertheless satisfy the minimum strength requirement for the concrete grade used. Therefore, in addition to providing concrete of usable quality while simultaneously reducing the amounts of Portland cement required, the pozzolanic concrete produced is also eco-friendly and will help reduce global green gas emission and promote sustainability of construction materials.

Impact of Partial Substitution of Cement with Cow Dung Ash and Rice Husk Ash on Performance of Concrete

Abstract: Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and Cow Dung Ash (CDA) are agriculturally based pozzolanic materials, these materials are available in huge quantities. This final year project report highlights and presents the results of the study on the use of Cow Dung Ash and Rice Husk Ash as partial replacement of cement in concrete. The experiments were conducted to study the impacts of adding Cow Dung Ash and Rice Husk Ash in several percentages by weight (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of cement and cure for periods of 28 days before testing for compression strength. The consistency, workability, sieve analysis of aggregates were also tested in this research study. The Compressive test results are 37.75 N/mm2, 31.25 N/mm2, 31.25N/mm2 and 25.25 N/mm2 for 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% replacement of cement with Cow Dung Ash and Rice Husk Ash respectively at 28days. The Workability results gives 45mm, 49mm, 56mm, 68mm and 75mm respectively for 0%,5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% replacement of cement with Cow Dung Ash and Rice Husk Ash. The consistency test results are 0.29, 0.32, 0.36, 0.41 and 0.43 for 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% replacement of cement with Cow Dung Ash and Rice Husk Ash respectively. The bulk density results are 2452.53 kg/m3, 2370.8 kg/m3, 2380.0 kg/m3 and 2348.5 kg/m3 for 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% replacement of cement with Cow Dung Ash and Rice Husk Ash respectively. The main highlights, it should be highlighted that the more quantity of water is required to standard consistency as the percentages of Cow Dung Ash and Rice Husk Ash are added. Dung Ash and Rice Husk Ash concrete is recommended for use when a ten percentage (10%) of Cow Dung Ash and rice husk ash are not exceeded. Keywords: Cow dung ash, Rice husk ash, workability, standard consistency, Slump test, bulk density, compressive strength

Experimental Study of Asphalt Tile Waste as a Substitute for Coarse Aggregate and Fly Ash as a Partial Substitution of Cement in Concrete Mixtures on Compressive Strength

The increasing growth of residential construction, as well as construction waste is also increasing, including tile roof waste. So this study will process the tile fragments or waste to mix concrete as a substitute for coarse aggregate and fly ash as a partial substitution of cement for compressive strength. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect on slump, water absorption, density, and compressive strength of concrete. The method used in this research is experimental by conducting a trial mix which is carried out at the Concrete Laboratory of DSP - PT. Duta Sarana Prakarsa. From the research results of asphalt tile waste and fly ash substitution, there is a slump level of 6 cm - 8 cm, normal concrete has a slump value of 7 cm. The highest slump value is found on 20% asphalt tile, which is 8 cm from normal concrete. The biggest slump decrease occurred in 10% asphalt tile and 10% fly ash from normal concrete. At the age of 28 days, it can be seen that normal concrete has a water absorption value of 3.78%. Meanwhile, the water absorption with the highest value is found in 20% asphalt tile, which is 4.93%. The lowest water absorption value occurs in 10% asphalt tile, which is 3.40%. At the percentage of the mixture of 20% asphalt tile waste and 10% fly ash, the density decreased the most by 7.93% from normal concrete. The compressive strength value of normal concrete at the age of 28 days was 389.91 Kg/Cm2. The greatest decrease in compressive strength occurred in a mixture of 20% asphalt tile waste and 10% fly ash, which was 156.51 Kg/Cm2.

PEMANFAATAN CANGKANG KEONG SAWAH SEBAGAI SUBSTITUSI SEBAHAGIAN SEMEN DAN AGREGAT HALUS TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN BETON

AbstractConcrete is one of the choices as a structural material for construction in the construction sector, in this case, a concrete mixture is an object that is often used as research to obtain efficient construction methods and develop concrete constituent materials. The utilization of waste as a substitute for portland cement or additives is not a new thing. This research is expected to reduce rice snail waste that pollutes the environment and compare the compressive strength of normal concrete with concrete that uses rice snails as a partial substitute for cement and fine aggregate. This study refers to the ACI 211.1-91 and ASTM C-33/C33-08 methods. The rice snail waste was first crushed and filtered through a sieve that passed the ASTM No. 200 filter as a partial substitution of cement with substitution percentages of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% in the concrete mixture. The test object used is a cylinder with dimensions of 15 cm x 30 cm, totaling 40 specimens with a planned concrete quality of 17 MPa by the minimum requirements for structural concrete in SNI 2847-2019. Each percentage of 5 samples and testing will be carried out until the concrete is 28 days old in an immersion bath. The results show that the compressive strength using 0% snail shell variations was 17.35 MPa and 5%, 10%, and 15% variations were 15.74 MPa, 10.60 MPa, and 7.63 MPa. As well as the ratio of the density of the volume of concrete with mixed variations of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%, namely 2344.4 kg/cm3, 2277.2 kg/cm3, 2170.4 kg/cm3 and 2103.7 kg/cm3. Keywords—Compressive Strength of Concrete, Rice Snail Waste, Substitution

Lightweight foamed concrete reinforced with different polypropylene fiber contents

The combined utilization of fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag as a partial cement substitution in the production of lightweight foamed concrete (LFC) incorporating different polypropylene (PP) fiber was investigated in this study. The LFC was prepared with a target dry density of 1200 ± 50 kg/m3 and the influence of PP fiber contents (e.g., 0, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.0% by volume) on the characteristics of LFC was examined in terms of fresh unit weight, dry density, water absorption, thermal conductivity, compressive strength, flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. Results show that the inclusion of PP fiber affected all of the studied characteristics of LFC. Increasing PP fiber percentages resulted in reducing dry density, thermal conductivity, and UPV. Whereas, both the mechanical strength and water absorption were found to be increased with PP fiber content. The result of the SEM analysis also supported these findings. At 28 days, all of the LFC obtained the target dry density of 1200 ± 50 kg/m3, satisfying the requirements of TCVN 9029:2017. The water absorption, thermal conductivity, UPV, compressive strength, and flexural strength values of the LFC specimens were recorded at the respective ranges of below 10%, 0.394 – 0.461 W/mK, 2955 – 3019 m/s, 15.98 – 17.33 MPa, and 2.31 – 4.07 MPa. Furthermore, the results suggested that 1.0% PP fiber was the most suitable level for the production of LFC.

Effects of Corn Stalks Ash as A Substitution Material of Cement Due to the Concrete Strength of Rigid Pavement

Cement is an adhesive material for concrete mixtures in addition to water, fine and coarse aggregates. One of the main ingredients of cement is silica (SiO2) which is originated from the earth's crust. Silica is also available in plants such as corn stalks. This research is aimed to utilize the corn stalk ash (CSA) as an alternative substitution for some cement in concrete for the rigid pavement of road construction. According to the Indonesian standard, the flexural tensile strength should be exceeded at least 4.5 MPa. The flexural tensile strength has also a correlation due to compressive strength.
 The concrete materials consisted of the coarse aggregate (river crushed stone) from Kampar River and Danau Bingkuang sands from Kampar District of Riau Province, and Portland Composite Cement from Semen Padang. The CSA was made by burning the dried corn stalks in a steel cylinder can over 24 hours. The content of CSA was varied by 0%, 5%, 7% and 9%. The compressive strength design of concrete was 31,3 MPa. Testing procedures were based on the Indonesian Standard for concrete. The tested specimens have consisted of cube specimens (150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm) for compressive tests, and beam specimens (150 mm x 150 mm x 600 mm) for flexural strength tests. All specimens were tested on 28 days-age.
 The results show that CSA can be used as a partial substitution of cement in concrete. The addition of CSA tends to increase the compressive strength of concrete instead of its flexural tensile strength. The optimum content of CSA was 7% and resulted in an 8.0% and 6.9% increase in compressive and flexural tensile strength due to design respectively. Compressive and flexural tensile strength fulfilled the standard. Flexural tensile strength is obtained by 15% of the compressive strength. Cornstalk ash can be used as a substitution of cement for rigid pavement concrete. It can reduce the utilization of cement and will be potentially cost efficiency.

Life Cycle Assessment of Waste Glass Powder Incorporation on Concrete: A Bridge Retrofit Study Case

The construction sector is responsible for some of the highest energy and natural resources consumption. In this context, new materials and solutions are created aimed at developing sustainable alternatives. While the literature presents papers that evaluate the mechanical and durability properties of concrete with glass waste powder and account for its environmental impact, no papers have executed the evaluation considering the retrofit of bridges. Furthermore, no papers evaluating the materials, construction, and maintenance could be found. Hence, this study proposes a technical and sustainable solution for the retrofit of the Third Bridge of Vitoria, an important intercity urban connector. This study evaluates both the technical and the environmental performance of structural concrete elements, considering the partial substitution of cement with glass waste powder and a baseline scenario with conventional concrete. The environmental impacts were evaluated through the life cycle assessment tool. The results indicate that incorporating waste glass powder in the prestressed hollow-core slabs as a partial cement replacement can improve the durability-related properties and mitigate environmental impact. It also shows that the manufacturing phase is the most impactful and that glass powder can significantly reduce the impact of maintenance.

Influence of Curing Practices and Environment on Compressive Strength De-velopment of High Strength Concrete

The paper presents the impact of practicing curing techniques on the compressive strength evolution of ternary blended high strength concrete under local prevailing environmental conditions. Initially the control mix was designed using the guidelines of IS: 10262:2009, whose compressive strength at 28 days is greater than 70 MPa. Later mechanical properties of high strength concrete after incorporating the alternative binder materials was evaluated. For all mixtures water to cement ratio was kept as 0.25. For the purpose of improving the mechanical properties of control mix and to achieve the economy slag, fly ash, quartz powder and silica fume were incorporated in the mix as partial substitution of cement. Total replacement with supplementary binders was kept at 20% by its weight of cement. Among all the combinations, silica fume and slag combination performed well in respect to the hardened properties. Subsequently, the same mix was considered in order to study the influence of practicing curing methods. From the results it was concluded that although type of curing regime on strength development both in indoor and outdoor environment at early ages was not considerable but at the later ages the effect was considerable. Compressive strength of specimens subjected to sprinkling, burlap and plastic cover curing in outdoor environment are significantly affected than the corresponding specimens in indoor environment.

Studi Eksperimen Penambahan Tailing Pada Campuran Mortar Sebagai Substitusi Parsial Semen Untuk Dinding Panel

Poboya is located in East Palu District, Palu City, Central Sulawesi. This village is now an area that has become a traditional gold mining activity. The end result of the mining process in the form of these deposits becomes waste which is commonly referred to as tailing. This waste contains a lot of carbon and no one has utilized it. This study was conducted to determine the optimum percent value of adding tailing to the mortar mixture so that it can affect the compressive strength of the mortar. This research uses experimental methods and literature studies. The location of the research was carried out at the Laboratory of Structures and Building Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Tadulako University. The variations used in the use of gold mine waste (tailing) as partial cement substitution are 50% and 75% by weight of cement. Tailings will replace some of the cement in a mortar mix made of sand, cement and water. The test to be carried out is the compressive strength of the mortar at the age of 7 and 28 days. Mortar test object made measuring 5 x 5 x 5 cm. The results obtained showed that 50% tailings had a higher compressive strength of 156 kg/cm2 than mortar using 75% tailing only had a compressive strength of 21.33 kg/cm2 at the age of the specimen 28 days. Mortar is used for the manufacture of wall panels with ferrocement technology.

Characterization of copper tailings in Murgul Copper Plant, Turkey, and its utilization potential in cement mortar with nano- and micro-silica.

Due to the increasing demand for copper day by day, copper tailings (CT) are the wastes that mining and human-induced activities caused have become a problem all over the world due to the increasing demand for copper. This study evaluates the effect of using CT together with nano-silica (NS) and micro-silica (MS) in mortars as a partial substitution for cement on mechanical strength properties. Physical, morphological, chemical, and mineralogical thermogravimetric analyses of CT have been made. In addition, heavy metal concentrations were determined. The mechanical features of the mortars produced by replacing the weight with different proportions of (5%, 10%, 15%) CT and 2% NS and 10% MS cement were determined. As a result, it has been observed that the sum of SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 of the CT, which has a mostly crystalline structure, is 91.40% and its ignition loss is 4.04%. An improvement in compressive strength (compared to the reference mixture) was observed with the use of 5% CT. Up to 10% of CT has provided standard compressive strength values in both NS and MS combinations.

Recycling of bone china ceramic waste as cement replacement to produce sustainable self-compacting concrete

Ceramic waste (CW) is produced during the cutting and polishing stage in the ceramic industry, which is hazardous to the environment and requires a large area for its disposal. This study aims to see the incorporation of bone china ceramic waste (BCCW) in self-compacting concrete (SCC) as a partial substitution for cement. BCCW was used at a percentage of 0 to 40% with an improved step level of 10% through mass of cement. Different properties of SCC were examined for the fresh and hardened state. Various fresh properties of SCC as slump flow, V-funnel, L-box height, J-ring, and T500 were examined, and results are found acceptable within the EFNARC limitation. To assess the hardened property of concrete, compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption and ultrasonic pulse velocity experiments were performed. The experimental results exhibited that incorporating up to 10% BCCW in SCC enhanced the compressive and flexural strength. However, on further inclusion of BCCW (beyond 10%), decrease in the strength of modified SCC was observed. Moreover, superior ultrasonic pulse velocity and better resistance to water absorption were found on the inclusion of up to 20% BCCW in SCC. The experimental results of scanning electron microscopic and X-ray diffraction also showed the dense concrete matrix and higher hydration products on the inclusion of up to 10% BCCW in SCC. Study concluded that the inclusion of up to 10% BCCW in SCC increases the fresh and hardened characteristics of concrete and can be effectively used in the concrete industry as a substitute material for natural sources.

Recycling of ceramic tiles waste and marble waste in sustainable production of concrete: a review.

Currently, recycling of waste materials in construction is being considered very important because waste generation is posing serious threats to our living environment. Hence, to induce sustainability in the ongoing urban development, researchers around the globe are using numerous wastes in concrete as partial substitutes of binders (cement, lime, etc.) and fillers (fine and coarse aggregates) with the aim of reducing the depletion of natural resources and cutting the carbon dioxide emissions emerging from increased demand and production of cement. This review paper has summarized the findings of literature relating to recycling of marble wastes and ceramic tiles wastes in production of concrete. The physical, fresh-state, and strength properties of concrete were reviewed from available extensive literature, and it was found that the concrete prepared from marble waste and ceramic waste as partial substitution of cement and aggregates is expected to perform at least comparable to conventional cement concrete and better if applicable. Both marble wastes and ceramic tiles wastes can be incorporated and recycled in concrete as cementitious materials and aggregate replacing materials. With such approach, the concrete can be made strong and durable, and the issues relating to depletion of natural resources and environmental degradation can also be solved without compromising sustainability in infrastructure development.

Experimental Investigation on Making of Plastic Brick

Since the building made of cement concrete consumes almost half of the total energy generated and accordingly accountable for huge amount of CO2 emission, it is necessary to replace the Portland cement (PC) with sustainable construction material. Similarly, Prosopis Juliflora is a shrub or small tree in the family Fabaceae, a kind of mesquite which is considered to be a potential threat for ground water in South India. Hence, this has to eradicate so as to maintain the groundwater and also to effectively utilize its ash thereby reducing environmental pollution, this can be used as a partial replacement for cement. In this regard, this paper investigates the technical feasibility of using Prosopis Juliflora ash (PJA) as cementitious material by partially (5%, 10% and 15%) replacing cement by Prosopis Juliflora ash. The mixes were evaluated for their fresh, physical and strength properties such as workability, density and compressive strength and the results were compared with the conventional mix. In order to save the environment and to save the resources we have come up with using the Prosopis Juliflora (Semai-Karuvelam in Tamil) ash as the partial replacement of cement. Cement will produce equal amount of greenhouse gas (co2) which increase the global warming. As the amount of cement is reduced greenhouse gases also reduced. Utilization of Juliflora ash as a partial substitution for cement is one of the promising methods to increase the strength and thermal insulation for cement blocks. The strength parameters (compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength) of concrete with blended Prosopis Juliflora cement are evaluated.

Experimental Project on Concrete - Partial Replacement of Cement by Prosopis Juliflora

Since the building made of cement concrete consumes almost half of the total energy generated and accordingly accountable for huge amount of CO2 emission, it is necessary to replace the Portland cement (PC) with sustainable construction material. Similarly, Prosopis Juliflora is a shrub or small tree in the family Fabaceae, a kind of mesquite which is considered to be a potential threat for ground water in South India. Hence, this has to eradicate so as to maintain the groundwater and also to effectively utilize its ash thereby reducing environmental pollution, this can be used as a partial replacement for cement. In this regard, this paper investigates the technical feasibility of using Prosopis Juliflora ash (PJA) as cementitious material by partially (5%, 10% and 15%) replacing cement by Prosopis Juliflora ash. The mixes were evaluated for their fresh, physical and strength properties such as workability, density and compressive strength and the results were compared with the conventional mix. In order to save the environment and to save the resources we have come up with using the Prosopis Juliflora (Semai-Karuvelam in Tamil) ash as the partial replacement of cement. Cement will produce equal amount of greenhouse gas (co2) which increase the global warming. As the amount of cement is reduced greenhouse gases also reduced. Utilization of Juliflora ash as a partial substitution for cement is one of the promising methods to increase the strength and thermal insulation for cement blocks. The strength parameters (compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength) of concrete with blended Prosopis Juliflora cement are evaluated.

Controlling of CO2 emission in buildings: An overview

Normally buildings generate nearly 40% of annual global CO2 emissions throughout the world. Of the total emissions, building operations are responsible for 28% annually, while building materials and construction (typically referred to as embodied carbon) are responsible for an additional 11% annually. For every 1.0 Ton of cement produced, 0.8 Ton of CO2 was emitted. Also, depletion of natural resources could be caused by excessive use of conventional aggregates (granite, gravel etc.) and their quarrying could lead to environmental issues. Three construction materials such as concrete, steel, and aluminum are responsible for 23% of total global emissions. Direct and indirect emissions from building operations is about 9 GT in 2020, after having risen an average 1% per year since 2010. In 2020 a drop in buildings sector CO2 emissions resulted primarily from lower activity in the services sector. Despite the expected rebound in emissions in 2021 being moderated by continued power sector decarbonization, buildings remain off track to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. To meet this target, all new buildings and 20% of the existing building stock would need to be zero-carbon-ready as soon as 2030. Agricultural residues have recently been adopted in concrete in different forms, some of which are as geopolymer reinforcement, replacement of aggregates and replacement of cement. An overview on studies carried out on selected agricultural residues used as partial substitution for cement in mortar and concrete is presented in this paper.

Performance on Jute Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Admixtures and the Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Moorum Soil

As is generally known, the globe is rapidly developing, and building construction plays a crucial role in this development. If we go into further detail, the increased use of concrete results in a depletion of natural resources. We considered substituting the following measurements for part of the concrete's proportions in order to conserve our natural resources. To preserve natural resources like fine aggregate, we are employing metakaolin as an additive in partial substitution of cement at the following percentages: 0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% and 12.5%. In fine aggregate, we are substituting moorum soil to varying degrees (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%). To improve the concrete's mechanical and lasting qualities, we use several types of fibres. Concrete is good at compression and weak attention. We are incorporating jute fibres into the volume of concrete with a 25 mm length in various percentages, such as 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%, to enhance the tensile qualities of the concrete because we are aware that it is strong in compression but weak in tension. The largest 28-day strength improvement of concrete can be anticipated at partial replacements in the 10-15% range, according to the test results obtained with compressive strength and split tensile strength tests in this instance. The strength parameters are increasing as a result of the combined use of metakaolin.

Minimizing the Impact of Microorganism on the Concrete's Physical and Mechanical Properties With Nickel Waste as a Partial Substitution for Cement

Minimizing the Impact of Microorganism on the Concrete's Physical and Mechanical Properties With Nickel Waste as a Partial Substitution for Cement