Privatization Research Articles

Satellite Imaging of Methane Super-Emitters To Provide Data To Clean Up Supply Chains

_ The use of satellite imaging to verify self-reporting of methane emissions using empirical data gathered in near-real time by artificial intelligence, could cost the fossil fuel industry dearly in fines under the new methane provisions of the US Inflation Reduction Act (IRA). Signed into law in August, the IRA requires the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to adopt within 2 years methods to monitor and collect empirical data on methane emissions. The act introduces the federal government’s first-ever tax on greenhouse gas emissions, but does not specify preferred technologies. Satellite monitoring is assumed to be at the top of the list, according to geo-analytics company Kayrros. Private industry can, and likely will, play the same game, as it has access to the very technologies the government uses and can invest to acquire empirical data to identify problems companies might not even know they have. Once emissions are quantified at their source, industry can clean up supply chains and thus blunt the financial impact of penalties set to debut in 2024. Third-Party Audits: Good for ESG Optics but Missing the Bigger Issue In May, ExxonMobil announced it had become the first oil and gas company to earn an “A” grade certification under the independent MiQ standard for managing methane emissions from associated gas at its Poker Lake, New Mexico, facilities which the company said in 2021 accounted for more than 10% of its Permian Basin gas production. Responsible Energy Solutions, a Texas-based independent auditor in the field of Responsibly Sourced Gas (RSG), conducted the study. One month later, Chevron announced it had earned top marks from Denver-based Project Canary, an SaaS-based (software-as-a-service) data analytics company organized as a public benefit corporation which markets itself as the gold standard for independent RSG audits. It uses its own monitoring devices and does not run data through the client’s SCADA system. Gas producers are turning to third-party audits to differentiate their production streams as RSG to comply with the investment community’s ESG (environment, social, and corporate governance) requirements. In a study issued a year ago, the global research and business consultancy Wood Mackenzie referred to RSG certification as a “nascent” industry (audit companies tend to be innovation-driven data analytic startups) and noted that “certification processes exist (currently) only for upstream assets and there is no universal or industry standard.” “Certification is based on standards such as air emissions, water stewardship, land use, and community impacts,” Wood Mackenzie reported. “RSG differs from normally produced natural gas in that producers take extra steps to reduce their carbon footprint, mitigate emissions, and minimize environmental and social impacts.” RSG certification monitoring might collect empirical data—which is a start—but it is largely at pad level, ignoring the bigger and more ominous picture that can be assessed only from space. That bigger picture is what the EPA will turn to when it begins to levy its methane tax in 2024 and it is why the industry is starting to look “up” as well. Drone surveys are widening the view. A paper presented at the 2021 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition (ATCE) detailed how BP conducted the first methane emissions survey of an offshore facility with a miniature methane spectrometer onboard a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (SPE 206181).

Agriculture and Agricultural Water Management: Historical Perspectives and Integration of Research and Extension/Outreach for Large-Scale Technology Adoption in Production Fields

Highlights AWMN had a significant impact on enhancing agricultural production efficiency. Irrigated land area represented by the Network partners reached 1.20 million ha. On a 16-yr average, the reduction in water withdrawal was 144 mm/ha per growing season. AWMN reduced irrigation water withdrawal by 5 billion m3 from 2005 to 2020. $304 million was saved due to consuming less diesel fuel for pumping irrigation water. A total reduction of 900,000 tons in CO2 emissions was achieved from 2005 to 2020. Abstract. To achieve impact for water resources conservation enhancement and agricultural crop water productivity (CWP) per unit of input for meeting the food, fiber, feed, fuel, finance, and farmstead (6Fs) needs of the rapidly increasing global population, societies must find innovative ways to enable the transfer of research- and science-based data, knowledge, information, technology, and strategies for adoption in agricultural production fields. The objective of this study is to present historical perspectives on the evolution of agriculture and agricultural water management in different parts of the world and present a modern-era agricultural water management network, its objectives, and functions in achieving large-scale impacts to enhance water resource management. The Agricultural Water Management Network (AWMN) was established in 2005 to integrate science, research, and education/outreach principles into producers’ practices to help them make better-informed decisions, conserve water and energy resources, reduce CO2 emissions, and enhance CWP. Through coordinated research, demonstration, and education programs, the AWMN significantly enhanced water resource management and the protection of the environment. It contributed to the sustainability of natural resources and the agricultural economy through the adoption of innovative methodologies and strategies. Since the beginning of the AWMN, over 18,000 producers, crop consultants, state and federal agency personnel, irrigation district personnel, agricultural industry personnel, and other professionals have participated as learners and adopters in over 800 Extension, education, and/or outreach programs conducted by the AWMN team between 2005 and 2020. The irrigated land area represented by the Network partners and collaborators reached over 1.20 million ha in 2020. Water withdrawal for irrigation was reduced from 119 mm/ha per growing season in 2006 to 163 mm/ha per growing season in 2020, with a 16-year average of 144 mm/ha, due to the adoption of technologies and management strategies demonstrated and taught in the Network. Between 2005 and 2020, the AWMN is estimated to have reduced water withdrawal for irrigation by over 5 billion m3 (5 km3; 4.1 million acre-ft). Due to the reduction in irrigation water withdrawals, conservatively, over $304 million was saved by consuming less diesel fuel for pumping irrigation water. The AWMN has effectively reduced CO2 emissions due to a reduction in diesel fuel use, which was over 125,000 tons in 2020 alone with a total reduction of about 900,000 tons from 2005 to 2020. Due to the AWMN’s efforts, tools and technologies introduced in the AWMN are being cost-shared by the Natural Resources Districts for the producers, up to 50% to 70% of the total cost. The AWMN has become the largest and most impactful research-based water management program in the United States that has accomplished substantial adoption of technology and information/knowledge transfer in agriculture through the strong and dedicated partnership of universities, private industry, state and federal agencies, producers, irrigation districts, and crop consultants. The Network is an excellent example of a large-scale program that successfully integrated science, research, and Extension/outreach/education to have significant positive impacts on irrigation agriculture. Keywords: Agricultural education, Agriculture, Crop water productivity, Irrigation, Irrigators network, Technology adoption, Water conservation, Water management.

Gale Business: Insights

Gale Business: Insights is a comprehensive tool for business researchers looking for company, industry, and country information, supplemented by news, trade journals, academic articles, and reports. Company profiles include chronologies, brands, SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) reports, and financial performance data that can be analyzed using the database’s comparison and visualization tools.The interface promotes discoverability with multiple ways to access in-depth information about public and private companies, industries, and countries. Academic researchers will benefit from the formatted citations and the ability to share and download content as well as highlight text and take notes. The product offers accessibility options such as text to speech, display formatting, and adjustable text.

Konkurentnost preduzeća u industriji mleka

In the face of globalization and its effects, the company's competitiveness remains an essential element for their growth and survival. This contribution aims to shed light on competitive advantage as a source of company's competitiveness, by analyzing the competitive intensity in the milk industry based on Porter's competitive forces supported by a multiple case study of Bejaia companies operating in the Algerian milk industry. For this paper, we studied large private industries with more than 20 years of experience in their fields of activity and with a common cost strategy. The results of study showed that the competitive intensity in this industry is important and that the competitive advantage is governed by a set of cost and non-cost factors that allow the studied cases to strengthen their positions by relying on their competitive advantages.

The global agenda on obesity: what does this mean for Singapore?

The global agenda on obesity: what does this mean for Singapore?

Multi-message multi-receiver signcryption scheme based on blockchain.

In conventional message communication systems, the practice of multi-message multi-receiver signcryption communication encounters several challenges, including the vulnerability to Key Generation Center (KGC) attacks, privacy breaches and excessive communication data volume. The KGC necessitates a secure channel to transmit partial private keys, thereby rendering the security of these partial private keys reliant on the integrity of the interaction channel. This dependence introduces concerns regarding the confidentiality of the private keys. Our proposal advocates for the substitution of the KGC in traditional certificateless schemes with blockchain and smart contract technology. Parameters are publicly disclosed on the blockchain, leveraging its tamper-proof property to ensure security. Furthermore, this scheme introduces conventional encryption techniques to achieve user identity privacy in the absence of a secure channel, effectively resolving the issue of user identity disclosure inherent in blockchain-based schemes and enhancing communication privacy. Moreover, users utilize smart contract algorithms to generate a portion of the encrypted private key, thereby minimizing the possibility of third-party attacks. In this paper, the scheme exhibits resilience against various attacks, including KGC leakage attacks, internal privilege attacks, replay attacks, distributed denial of service attacks and Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacks. Additionally, it possesses desirable security attributes such as key escrow security and non-repudiation. The proposed scheme has been theoretically and experimentally analyzed under the random oracle model, based on the computational Diffie-Hellman problem and the discrete logarithm problem. It has been proven to possess confidentiality and unforgeability. Compared with similar schemes, our scheme has lower computational cost and shorter ciphertext length. It has obvious advantages in communication and time overhead.

Paradigm Shift of Statistical Big Data in Healthcare: Management, Analysis and Future Prospects

‘Big data’ is vast describing volumes of information that can work miracles. Multiple attempts designed at highlighting the relationship between big data analytics and benefits for healthcare organizations have been raised. The big data influence on health organization management is still not clear due to the relationship’s multi-disciplinary nature. It has become a topic of special interest for the past two decades because of a great potential that is hidden in it. Numerous public and private sector industries generate, store, and analyze big data with an aim to improve the services they provide. In the healthcare industry, various sources for big data include hospital records, medical records of patients, results of medical checkups, and devices that are a part of internet of things. Biomedical research also produces a significant share of big data pertinent to public healthcare. Big Data and healthcare are precarious to discourse the risk of hospitalization. This data requires proper management and analysis in order to derive expressive communication. There are various encounters associated with each step of handling big data which can only be surpassed by using high-end computing solutions for big data analysis. Providing relevant results for improving public health, healthcare providers are required to be fully equipped with appropriate infrastructure to systematically generate and analyze big data. A well-organized management, analysis, and interpretation of big data can transformation the game by opening new avenues for contemporary healthcare. With a strong integration of biomedical and healthcare data, modern healthcare institutes can probably revolutionize the medical therapies and personalized medicine.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDONESIAN DEFENSE INDUSTRY BY USING SYSTEMS THINKING APPROACH

<div><p class="Els-history-head">The independence of the national defense industry is crucial in supporting the national defense system to ensure the survival and existence of the nation and state through its impact on defense capability, and national economic, and technological development. But until now there are still phenomena that show the weaknesses of the national defense industry, both in concept and practice. This study aims to explain and analyze the weaknesses of the national defense industry and propose recommendations for solutions to overcome these problems. This study uses a qualitative approach, a methodology that involves interpretation to understand and explain certain phenomena. The analytical tool used is systems thinking, which can see this phenomenon in a bigger, dynamic, and interrelated picture through a system model. The results of this study indicate that the problem we are facing includes a small defense industry’s budget, lacking resources and technology, the need for raw materials, and pseudo-practices by the domestic defense industry. The proposed solution system model demonstrates how to develop the national defense industry by implementing the mandate of (Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 16 of 2012 Concerning the Defense Industry), introducing defense product innovation through national and international defense industry exhibitions to increase investment opportunities, and implementing (Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2020 Concerning Job Creation) to involve private industry in the development of a strategic defense industry. Finally, the independence of the national defense industry will realize operational readiness into real operational capabilities, so that the independence of national defense will be achieved and the integrity of the sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia will be maintained. This condition will immediately build the spirit of nationalism of Indonesian citizens. </p></div>

Impact of HRM Practices on Organizational Performance and Growth with Reference to Pakistan Public and Private Banks

HRM practices play a vital role in organizational performance of banking sectors. The objective of this study is to determine how Human Resource Management processes have impacted the organizational performance of public and private banking industry in Pakistan, for that purpose, a public bank i.e. National bank of Pakistan (NBP), and a private bank, United Bank Limited (UBL) was selected. In the current company environment, HRM strategies are essential for two key reasons: talent cultivation and employee motivation. A questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from both the banks, and the aim of the study was explanatory. The survey was completed by an estimated 270 employees from NBP and UBL from various divisions. The analysis was conducted using SPSS version 22, specifically the Regression and Correlation functions. According to the research, NBP and UBL, Karachi's hiring practices had no bearing on organizational performance. Other HRM strategies, like as training and development, performance evaluation, remuneration, and incentives and recognition, favorably influence organizational performance. According to researchers, the study's results are useful for public and private banking sectors of Pakistan. The results of this study may be beneficial not just to the participating banks, but also to other financial organizations.

Increasing Inventor Diversity: U.S. Public Policy Recommendations

Research has found that women, people of color, and individuals with lower incomes patent inventions at significantly lower rates than their representation in the population. Less than 13 percent of all inventors listed on U.S. patents are women, Black individuals are three times less likely to become inventors than white individuals, and children in families in the top one percent of income are 10 times more likely to patent in their lifetimes than children in the entire bottom half of family income. Research has also found that increasing participation in invention and patenting by under-represented groups would increase annual U.S. gross domestic product by up to $1 trillion, quadruple the number of American inventors, and result in new and different inventions. Public policy can promote equity, inclusion, and diversity in inventing and patenting. In a 2018 article in this journal, we discussed the existing research on disparities in invention and patenting and the role of the U.S. government, educational institutions, and private industry in ensuring women, people of color, and individuals with lower incomes can participate fully in the innovation economy. This article updates and expands on that article by providing specific public policy recommendations to increase equity, inclusion, and diversity in invention and patenting. These recommendations include improving data collection and research to measure and advance equity in patenting; supporting historically under-represented inventors by providing education, legal, and technical assistance and promoting workplace equity; and spotlighting historically under-represented inventors and promoting diversity among patent counsel and patent examiners.

Linsu Kim. Imitation to Innovation. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press, 1997. vii+303 pages. Hardbound. Price not given.

The Korean development experience presents a successful transition from ‘learning-by-doing’ to ‘learning-by-research’. In his book, Professor Kim explores the dynamics of the Korean companies’ technological learning acquisition for technological capability. His main conclusion is that in spite of the favourable impact of public policy and cultural environment, private industry made Korea’s ambitious development goals a reality.

An Analytical View on the Theranos Fraud and the Way Forward–An Accounting Perspective

This case research paper was developed as an assessment as part of an undergraduate accounting course taught at a United States university and illustrates how other faculty members could integrate a similar project into their course. This study focuses on the accounting regulation for intangible assets in the private industry by exploring the case of Theranos. The main findings indicate that additional regulation is needed as well as the introduction of appropriate intangible asset accounting standards. The study contributes in several ways. First, it recommends that the FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board) adopts the IAS 38 accounting standard used by the IASB (International Accounting Standards Board) for the capitalization of internally generated intangible assets. Another suggested improvement in the regulation of the private industry is to mandate private companies involved in research and development activities and the internal generation of intangible assets, to provide users with timely audited financial statements.

Port Competition and Cooperation Under Emission and Privatization

The study considers the competition and cooperation between mixed duopoly ports with service differentiation when both emission tax and partial privatization policies are implemented together. By developing three-game models between government and port enterprises, this paper first studies and compares, under different game scenarios, the optimal emission tax for mixed duopoly ports and privatization level for a semipublic port, as well as the optimal output (or pricing) and emission reduction of semipublic and private ports. Moreover, the profit and utility of the two ports, environment damage, consumer surplus, and social welfare are also compared, and the impacts of technology spillover for emission reduction and service differentiation on the decision-making of the government and port enterprises are discussed. We find that the optimal emission tax under a strategic cooperation scenario can reach a higher level, then the government needs more efforts to protect the environment. In addition, although port cooperation is conducive to maximizing social welfare and increasing port throughput, it harms the profitability of the two ports.

Wildlife Tourism Experiences at the Maasai Mara, Kenya

This study examines destination attributes through tourist reviews in the Maasai Mara ecosystem using the Kano model. Overall, positive reviews were dominant, and most tourists were satisfied with the Mara wildlife tourism experiences. However, some attributes led to dissatisfaction. The highest contribution to tourist satisfaction was due to excitement attributes such as witnessing the great migration of the wildebeest. Attributes such as safety and service-related aspects also negatively affected tourist satisfaction. The findings are useful in promoting sustainable wildlife tourism by government, private industry, and community-based tourism organizations.

Accuracy of fatal occupational injury registration in a high-income country: A comparison of two-source capture-recapture estimates with the number of cases identified in four register systems in Norway, 2000-2003.

Globally, work-related deaths (injuries and diseases) are a major social and public health problem. Register data on fatal occupational injuries in high-income countries may be considered to have high quality, especially when reporting is mandatory and regulated by law. We aimed to assess the accuracy of work-related injury death statistics in Norway, with reference to the Labour Inspection Authority and three other on-going registration systems (the cause-specific mortality register, the register for governmental compensations, and the register for insurance companies). In this register-based study, we used the capture-recapture technique to adjust for undercounting. We investigated whether the capture-recapture method using two or three sources gave a valid estimate of fatal occupational injuries as compared with the number of cases identified in four registers administrated by the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority, Statistics Norway, the Labour and Welfare Administration, and Finance Norway. The inclusion criteria were fatal unintentional injuries among residents of Norway between 2000 and 2003 that occurred while working for income in private and public land-based industries. We obtained ethical and legal approvals. In a period of four years (2000-2003), the Labour Inspection Authority registered 171 occupational injury deaths among residents employed in land-based industries. Two combinations of data sources gave capture-recapture estimates of 246 [95% CI 216; 279] and 265 [95% CI 234; 299] deaths. In total, 246 cases were identified in the four registration systems, which was 44% higher than the number of deaths registered by the Labour Inspection Authority. The Labour Inspection Authority had the most complete register out of the four registration systems. The capture-recapture method used on two overlapping data sources gave highly valid estimates of the total deaths. We demonstrated the existence of significant weaknesses in the registration systems in a country considered to have high-quality register data.

Harms-related data are poorly reported among randomized controlled trials underpinning the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons clinical practice guideline recommendations for rotator cuff injuries.

Results produced from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) help guide clinical decision making and health policy. Therefore, it is essential that RCT outcomes- including harms (eg, adverse events)-are adequately reported such that clinicians, patients, and policy makers are equipped with all necessary information to complete risk-benefit assessment of the RCT's intervention. Here, we evaluated the quality of reporting of harms (eg, adverse events) in RCTs cited as supporting evidence for recommendations in the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) Management of Rotator Cuff Injuries clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Extension for Harms Checklist. To quantify adherence to CONSORT Extension for Harms items, each RCT was screened for pertinent information satisfying each checklist item. Screening of CPG reference sections for RCTs underpinning CPG recommendations, as well as data extraction from each of the included RCTs, was performed in a blind and duplicate manner. Descriptive statistics-including frequencies, percentages, and 95% confidence intervals-were used to summarize overall percent adherence to checklist items. A linear regression model assessed the relationship of CONSORT Harms reporting over time. Ninety-nine RCTs were included in our final sample. Fifty-seven RCTs (of 99; 57.6%) were conducted at a single center. Common funding sources included private (nonindustry) (17/99; 17.2%), private (industry) (8/99; 8.1%), and public (7/99; 7.1%) sources. Sample size for each trial most often consisted of <50 participants (29/99; 29.3%) or 51-100 participants (50/99; 50.5%). The average number of CONSORT Extension for Harms items adequately reported across all included RCTs was 5.7 (of 18; 31.7%). None of the included trials reported all 18 items. Twenty-six RCTs (of 99; 26.3%) adequately reported ≥50% of eligible checklist items. Fifty-nine RCTs (of 99; 59.6%) adequately reported ≤33% of eligible checklist items. Items with ≥50% adherence included item 2, item 7a, and item 8a. Items with ≤20% adherence included item 3b, item 4d, and item 5. Results from our linear regression demonstrated a slight, yet nonsignificant, improvement in adherence to the Harms Extension over time (R2=0.009; P=.407). Our results illustrate the poor state of harms reporting within RCTs cited as supporting evidence for the AAOS Management of Rotator Cuff Injuries CPG. Efforts to address these gaps in reporting are warranted, as complete knowledge of potential harms is critical to patients, clinicians, and health policy makers when determining best practice decisions in orthopedic surgery.

A treatise on retrofitting of hydro-turbine materials

Hydro-turbine materials endure frequently the detrimental losses on account of slurry or silt erosion, cavitation erosion, corrosion or the collaborative effects of any of their combinations. Rivers emanating from Himalayan region or other hilly areas generally flow with enormous quantity of silt of different sizes and shapes. The shape of slurry particles possesses its wide ranges from sharp angular having very high erosion potential to spherical ones of relatively less erosion capacity. These particles sometimes create very severe damage in the form of huge mass loss and development of cracks within the short span of time in the components or parts of turbines in hydropower plants, situated in these regions for electricity generation. To avoid the extensive monetary loss in replacing the harshly eroded or cracked turbine parts, retrofitting (repair & maintenance) of hydro-turbine materials is mostly preferred for enhancing the service life and the smooth and efficient functioning of the concerned industries, responsible for power genesis. Common practice of retrofitting has been elaborated and discussed on the basis of a local cum private industry visit and subsequently, apt and proper optimized parameters related to different retrofitting operations; preheating, welding and post weld heat treatment (PWHT) have been suggested to meet the intended outcomes. Challenges found in execution of retrofitting the turbine parts also have been discussed. Retrofitting of eroded turbine parts has been advised rather to exhaust unnecessary monetary investment in their substitutions. In this brief study and in view of paucity of research availability as being an unorganized sector, retrofitting of hydro-turbine parts are focused, reviewed and discussed alongwith its underlying process. Some reviews in retrofitting prospect of components or parts of turbines other than hydro-turbines also have been considered for representing its approach for repair & maintenance. Additionally, smart retrofitting in accordance to the Industry 4.0 line has been suggested for further reduction in cost to money and time.

Black Queen Hypothesis, partial privatization, and quorum sensing evolution.

Microorganisms produce costly cooperative goods whose benefit is partially shared with nonproducers, called 'mixed' goods. The Black Queen Hypothesis predicts that partial privatization has two major evolutionary implications. First, to favor strains producing several types of mixed goods over nonproducing strains. Second, to favor the maintenance of cooperative traits through different strains instead of having all cooperative traits present in a single strain (metabolic specialization). Despite the importance of quorum sensing regulation of mixed goods, it is unclear how partial privatization affects quorum sensing evolution. Here, we studied the influence of partial privatization on the evolution of quorum sensing. We developed a mathematical population genetics model of an unstructured microbial population considering four strains that differ in their ability to produce an autoinducer (quorum sensing signaling molecule) and a mixed good. Our model assumes that the production of the autoinducers and the mixed goods is constitutive and/or depends on quorum sensing. Our results suggest that, unless autoinducers are costless, partial privatization cannot favor quorum sensing. This result occurs because with costly autoinducers: (1) a strain that produces both autoinducer and goods (fully producing strain) cannot persist in the population; (2) the strain only producing the autoinducer and the strain producing mixed goods in response to the autoinducers cannot coexist, i.e., metabolic specialization cannot be favored. Together, partial privatization might have been crucial to favor a primordial form of quorum sensing-where autoinducers were thought to be a metabolic byproduct (costless)-but not the transition to nowadays costly autoinducers.

Impact of the presence of private hospitals on the spatial equality of healthcare accessibility in Beijing, China.

Providing equal geographical access to hospitals, either in the public or private healthcare sector, is vital and will benefit public health in general. Against the background of the partial privatization of the healthcare sector, the impact of private hospitals on equal healthcare access has been a highly neglected issue. We have applied an assessment methodology to study this situation by comparing the status quo scenario with one without private hospitals, based on accessibility analysis and spatial equality measurements. The case study of Beijing, China revealed a double-sided impact. With the presence of private hospitals, the Gini coefficient of spatial accessibility in urban districts was reduced from 0.03391 to 0.03211, while it increased from 0.1734 to 0.1914 in suburban districts. Thus, private hospitals improved spatial equality in urban districts in Beijing but jeopardized it in suburban districts. These research findings should enlighten policymakers to promote healthcare equality but would also need to be repeated in some other big cities.

Economic impacts of in-house and packaged software investments: the influence of software investment opportunities

PurposeSoftware has become increasingly important in business. However, the value of aggregate in-house and packaged software investments and the influence of an industry's software investment opportunities (SIOs) are poorly understood in the literature. This study addresses this research gap and proposes that an industry's SIOs play an essential role in the economic impacts of industry in-house and packaged software investments.Design/methodology/approachA model of the economic impacts of in-house and packaged software investments at the industry level under different SIOs is developed and empirically tested based on a panel dataset of private industries in the USA between 1998 and 2020.FindingsThe results show that with the increase in the number of SIOs in an industry, the economic performance of in-house software investments increases, while that of packaged software investments decreases.Originality/valueBy highlighting the role of SIOs in moderating the economic performance of in-house and packaged software, this study shows the critical role of the information technology (IT) environment in understanding software's economic value.