Partial Cross Research Articles

Genetic control of soybean seed quality using partial diallel

Abstract: The selection of soybean genotypes with seeds of high physiological quality is key to increasing the likelihood of establishment and success in the field and thus reaping higher yields. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic control of the physiological quality of soybean seeds from a partial diallel cross. Six previously selected soybean cultivars, group 1 (CD 201, CA 115, MS 8400) and group 2 (CD 202, Syn 1263, Syn 1279), were intercrossed by a partial diallel cross, totalizing 24 treatments. Seeds from these cultivars and crosses were evaluated for seed physiological quality based on germination tests, first germination count, accelerated aging, seedlings emergence, and emergence speed index. The lignin content in the soybean seed coat was evaluated. The effects on general and specific combining ability and reciprocal effects were analyzed. There were significant additive and non-additive effects of the genes on the seed quality traits and pronounced effects on the reciprocal traits, which suggest the presence of a maternal effect. Lignin content was not correlated with the physiological test results in the studied genotypes.

Evaluation of Crossbreeding Parameters for Immunocompetence and Serum Enzyme Profile in a Partial Diallel Cross Involving Three Genetic Groups of Chicken

Background: Poultry production in rural India is mostly a non-intensive venture comprising native chicken with low production potential but higher disease resistance and adaptability. Present study is attempted for developing a suitable cross for rural poultry production as well as identifying the genetic groups that are nicking well through a partial diallel cross. Methods: A partial diallel cross using three genetic groups/ breeds of chicken viz. coloured synthetic male line (CSML), Local native chicken (Desi) and CARI-Red as the parent lines was designed. CSML was used as male and CR as female line only. The progenies were evaluated for crossbreeding parameters viz. combining abilities and heterosis for immune response and serum enzyme profile to identify the best combining parent lines.Result: Significantly higher (P less than 0.05) cell-mediated (CMI) and humoral immune response (HIR) and immune organ (spleen, bursa of fabricius and thymus) weights were recorded in CR purebred followed by Desi purebred, while CSML purebred exhibited lowest immunity. Variances for SCA differed significantly (P less than 0.001) for HIR and immune organ weights. Inconsistent but significantly higher (P less than 0.01) serum enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) and AST/ALT ratio were recorded in triple cross and D x CR. Variances for SCA differed significantly (P less than 0.05) for serum enzymes. Results revealed that the CARI-Red and Desi were the improver parent lines for better immunocompetence and serum enzyme profile, respectively in the crosses.

Photodisintegration of <sup>127</sup>I: Systematic Uncertainties of Experiments and Data Evaluated Using Physical Criteria

The experimental data for photoneutron reaction cross sections for 127I obtained using beams of quasimonoenergetic annihilation photons and the method of neutron multiplicity-sorting at Livermore (USA) and Saclay (France) were analyzed using objective physical data reliability criteria. It was found that data of both laboratories contain significant systematic uncertainties and therefore are not reliable. New data for partial and total photoneutron reactions cross sections for 127I satisfied physical criteria of data reliability were evaluated using experimental-theoretical method based on both experimental neutron yield reaction cross-section and results of calculation in the combined photonucleon reaction model (CPNRM). The neutron yield reaction cross-section obtained at Saclay (France) was used in evaluation procedure. The newly evaluated cross sections for partial (γ, 1n), (γ, 2n) and (γ, 3n) reactions for 127I were used for discussion in detail the problems of significant disagreements between experimental data for many nuclei obtained at Saclay and Livermore. It was found that systematic uncertainties of experimental data for the (γ, 1n), (γ, 2n), and (γ, 3n) reactions cross sections for 127I obtained at both laboratories are of different nature. One of the reasons of noticeable systematic uncertainties of cross sections obtained are the shortcomings of the procedures used to separate counts into 1n, 2n, and 3n events. At the same time it was shown that the main reason of significant disagreements between new evaluated data and data obtained at Livermore experiment for 127I is the loss of many neutrons from the (γ, 1n) reaction. This situation is analogous to those in Livermore experiments for 75As and 181Ta.

New 209Bi photodisintegration data and physical criteria of data reliability

The well-known problem of noticeable disagreements between photoneutron cross sections from various experiments was discussed in detail for 209Bi. Data for partial photoneutron reactions cross sections obtained at Livermore (USA) using quasimonoenergetic annihilation photons and the method of neutron multiplicity sorting were analyzed using the objective physical criteria and the experimental-theoretical method for evaluation. Because of significant systematic uncertainties involved in the method for determining the neutron multiplicity, experimental data do not satisfy the criteria of reliability and differ noticeably from the evaluated data. The new experimental data for 209Bi (γ, in) reactions with i = 1–4 were obtained using quasimonochromatic laser Compton-scattering (LCS) γ-ray beams at the NewSUBARU synchrotron radiation facility and the novel technique of direct neutron-multiplicity sorting with a flat-efficiency detector. It was found that new σ(γ, 1n), σ (γ, 2n), and σ (γ, 3n) contradict noticeably to the Livermore data. It was shown that at the same time the new 209Bi photoneutron cross-sections are in good agreement with data evaluated using experimental-theoretical method and assuring the reliability of those.

Optimal partial triallel cross designs through diallel cross designs

Das and Gupta constructed optimal block designs for triallel crosses through Nested balanced block designs. In the present paper we are constructing three series of optimal partial triallel cross designs through complete diallel cross designs which have been obtained by nested balanced incomplete block designs.

Reliability of Neutron Yield Cross Sections on 12C–127I Isotopes in Proton-Induced Reactions Evaluated Using GEANT4 Package for Proton Therapy Applications

The work is aimed at studying the reliability of proton-induced neutron yield cross sections on 12C–127I biological tissue isotopes using the GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation package, which is commonly applied for dosimetry calculations in proton therapy. Because of the lack of experimental results on the neutron yield for most of the isotopes considered, the simulated cross sections are first compared with theoretical data acquired using the TALYS nuclear reaction package, and the partial reaction cross sections calculated in TALYS are in turn analyzed in comparison with available experimental results. The mismatch between theory and experiment allows one to suggest a significant uncertainty in the calculation of the neutron doses associated with the isotopes under consideration.

Classical trajectory calculations for state-resolved Penning ionisation reactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon C10H8 in collision with He*(23S)

ABSTRACTThe reaction dynamics of Penning ionisation of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), naphthalene C10H8, in collision with the metastable He*(23S) atom is studied by classical trajectory calculations using an approximate interaction potential energy surface between He* and the molecule, which is constructed based on ab initio calculations for the isovalent Li + C10H8 system. The ionisation width (rate) around the molecular surface are obtained from overlap integrals of the He 1s orbital and the molecular orbital. The calculated collision energy dependences of partial Penning ionisation cross sections (CEDPICS) in the range 50–500 meV at 300 K have reproduced the experimental results semi-quantitatively. The opacity functions, which represent the reaction probability with respect to the impact parameter b, are discussed in connection with collision energy, interaction with He* and the exterior electron density of molecular orbitals. They indicate that the collisional ionisations of C10H8 can be classified into three types: π electron ionisations with negative collision energy dependences which are predominantly determined by attractive interaction with He*; σ orbitals ionisations of the hardcore type; σ orbital ionisations which reflect interaction potentials around CH bonds. The critical impact parameters bc become larger with increasing collision energy due to the centrifugal barrier.

Optimal partial triallel cross designs through diallel cross designs

Das and Gupta constructed optimal block designs for triallel crosses through Nested balanced block designs. In the present paper we are constructing three series of optimal partial triallel cross d...

Solitary median maxillary central incisor – case report

Solitary Median Maxillary Central Incisor Syndrome (SMMCI Syndrome) is a rare developmental disorder consisting of morphological defects that mainly affect structures in the midline of the body. The aetiology of this syndrome has not been fully explained, and SMMCI syndrome is observed more frequently in females. The presence of a solitary median maxillary incisor in the midline of the maxilla is a typical trait in the stomatognathic system, and this anomaly is found in both deciduous and permanent dentition. Regarding developmental abnormalities accompanying a solitary incisor with an atypical structure, the most common ones include: lack of the frenulum of the upper lip, deformations in the nasal cavity and cranial base, heart defects, cleft lip and palate, and mental disability of various severity. <b>Aim.</b> The aim of this work is to present the characteristic traits of a solitary median maxillary central incisor syndrome on the basis of a case study of a 9-yearold female patient and the analysis of available literature. <b>Material and methods.</b> The literature review was performed using the PubMed database and the following key words: incisor, maxilla, syndrome, development, SMMCI syndrome. <b>Case report.</b> When the clinical examination and medical history were performed the patient was diagnosed with signs of solitary median maxillary central incisor syndrome. The outcomes of a computed tomography scan confirmed choanal stenosis. Except for allergies to animal hair and grass, the patient did not suffer from any systemic diseases. On the basis of a clinical examination and analysis of additional tests the following diagnosis was made: I skeletal class, complete distocclusion with incisor protrusion, partial lateral bilateral cross bite and dental abnormalities. <b>Summary.</b> Patients diagnosed with SMMCI syndrome often require complex care provided by specialists from various fields of medicine and dentistry, due to the possibility of coexistence of numerous developmental abnormalities involving different body structures.

Orthogonal arrays and designs for partial triallel crosses

Some block designs for Partial triallel crosses (PTC) are constructed in this paper using (a) orthogonal arrays (p2, r, p, 2), where p is prime or a power of prime and (b) semi - balanced arrays (p (p − 1)/2, p, p, 2), where p is a prime or power of an odd prime. Designs constructed are optimal in the sense of Kiefer (1975). Some new designs for PTC experiments are also obtained.

Innovative Hybrid Pile Oscillator Technique in the Minerve Reactor: Open Loop Versus Closed Loop

Pile oscillator techniques are powerful methods to measure small reactivity worth of isotopes of interest for nuclear data improvement. This kind of experiment has long been implemented in the Minerve experimental reactor, operated by CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-les-Durance, France. A hybrid technique mixing reactivity worth and flux variations surrounding the oscillator is presented here. It was made possible after developing high-sensitivity miniature fission chambers introduced next to the irradiation channel. A test campaign, called MAESTRO-SL, took place in 2015. Its objective was to assess the feasibility of the hybrid method and investigate the separation of mixed neutron effects, such as fission and capture or scattering and capture. The experimental results are presented and discussed in this paper, which focus on comparing two measurement setups, one using a power control system (closed-loop technique) and another one in which reactor power is free to drift (open-loop technique). First, it is demonstrated that the open loop is equivalent to the closed loop, and both techniques bring similar results. It is shown that measuring the flux change around oscillated samples provides valuable information on partial neutron cross sections. Second, uncertainty management and methods’ reproducibility are discussed. As expected, both techniques can achieve similar performances. In this paper, uncertainty as low as 0.007 pcm for samples’ reactivity worth and $1.2 \times 10^{-4}$ for local flux change were achieved.

Inelastic Proton Scattering on 13,15C Nuclei in the Context of the Glauber Theory

Differential cross sections of inelastic proton scattering on 13,15C isotopes at energies of 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 GeV are calculated for levels $${{J}^{{\pi\text{}}}} = {1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {{{2}^{ + }},{5 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {5 {{{2}^{ + }}}}} \right. \kern-0em} {{{2}^{ + }}}}}}} \right. \kern-0em} {{{2}^{ + }},{5 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {5 {{{2}^{ + }}}}} \right. \kern-0em} {{{2}^{ + }}}}}}$$ in the context of the Glauber multiple scattering theory. Oscillatory wave functions of the shell model are used in the calculations. Partial (first- and second-order) differential cross sections are calculated. It is shown in which range of angles they make the main contributions.

Absolute total, partial, and differential cross sections for photodetachment of O−

Absolute total, partial, and differential cross sections for the photodetachment of the oxygen anion are reported for photon energies ranging from threshold (1.46 eV) to 5.5 eV. The total cross section was measured using the animated-crossed-beam technique while partial and differential cross sections were obtained using velocity map imaging. The measured values are in good agreement with theoretical results obtained from an $R$-matrix calculation using polarized pseudostates.

Assessment of cross-protection induced by a bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 8 vaccine towards other BTV serotypes in experimental conditions

Bluetongue disease is caused by bluetongue virus (BTV) and BTV serotype 8 (BTV8) caused great economic damage in Europe during the last decade. From 1998 to 2007, in addition to BTV8, Europe had to face the emergence of BTV1, 2, 4, 9, and 16, spreading in countries where the virus has never been detected before. These unprecedented outbreaks trigger the need to evaluate and compare the clinical, virological and serological features of the European BTV serotypes in the local epidemiological context. In this study groups of calves were infected with one of the following European BTV serotypes, namely BTV1, 2, 4, 9 and 16. For each tested serotype, two groups of three male Holstein calves were used: one group vaccinated against BTV8, the other non-vaccinated. Clinical signs were quantified, viral RNA was detected in blood and organs and serological relationship was assessed. Calves were euthanized 35 days post-infection and necropsied. Most of the infected animals showed mild clinical signs. A partial serological cross reactivity has been reported between BTV8 and BTV4, and between BTV1 and BTV8. BTV2 and BTV4 viral RNA only reached low levels in blood, when compared to other serotypes, whereas in vitro growth assays could not highlight significant differences. Altogether the results of this study support the hypothesis of higher adaptation of some BTV strains to specific hosts, in this case calves. Furthermore, cross-protection resulting from a prior vaccination with BTV8 was highlighted based on cross-neutralization. However, the development of neutralizing antibodies is probably not totally explaining the mild protection induced by the heterologous vaccination.

A Note on Optimal Partial Triallel Cross Designs

A Note on Optimal Partial Triallel Cross Designs

Evaluation of Reliable Cross Sections of Partial and Total Photoneutron Reactions for the 139La Nucleus

Cross sections of partial photoneutron reactions free of the shortcomings of different ways of determining the multiplicity of neutrons used on beams of quasi-monoenergetic annihilation photons are evaluated for 139La. The experimental-theoretical method of evaluation of partial reaction cross sections satisfying proposed data reliability criteria is used to obtain new data on the cross sections of reactions (γ, 1n), (γ, 2n), and (γ, 3n). It is shown that noticeable deviations of experimental cross sections from evaluated values are due to the unreliable sorting of neutrons between channels with multiplicities of 1, 2, and 3.

Inelastic Proton Scattering on 13,15С Nuclei in the Glauber Theory

Differential cross sections of inelastic proton scattering on 13,15С isotopes are calculated using the Glauber multiple scattering theory at energies of 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 GeV for levels (Jπ = 1/2+, 5/2+ ), using oscillatory wave functions of the shell model. Partial (first- and second-order) differential cross sections in particular are estimated by determining the appropriate angular range of their main contributions.

Innovative hybrid pile oscillator technique in the Minerve reactor: open loop vs. closed loop

Pile oscillator techniques are powerful methods to measure small reactivity worth of isotopes of interest for nuclear data improvement. This kind of experiments has long been implemented in the Mineve experimental reactor, operated by CEA Cadarache. A hybrid technique, mixing reactivity worth estimation and measurement of small changes around test samples is presented here. It was made possible after the development of high sensitivity miniature fission chambers introduced next to the irradiation channel. A test campaign, called MAESTRO-SL, took place in 2015. Its objective was to assess the feasibility of the hybrid method and investigate the possibility to separate mixed neutron effects, such as fission/capture or scattering/capture. Experimental results are presented and discussed in this paper, which focus on comparing two measurements setups, one using a power control system (closed loop) and another one where the power is free to drift (open loop). First, it is demonstrated that open loop is equivalent to closed loop. Uncertainty management and methods reproducibility are discussed. Second, results show that measuring the flux depression around oscillated samples provides valuable information regarding partial neutron cross sections. The technique is found to be very sensitive to the capture cross section at the expense of scattering, making it very useful to measure small capture effects of highly scattering samples.

Partial Ionization Cross Sections of Organic Molecules.

Partial ionization cross sections are the absolute yields of specific ions from an electron-molecule collision. They are necessary for modeling plasmas and for determining the sensitivity of mass spectrometers, among other applications. One mass-spectrometric application is estimating the abundance of organic compounds on Mars, as sampled by the rover Curiosity. This is a report of semitheoretical data obtained for a collection of organic molecules identified as possible biomarkers in this exotic context.

Two- and Three-Photon Partial Photoionization Cross Sections of Li+, Ne8+ and Ar16+ under XUV Radiation

In this work, we present the photon energy dependence of the two- and three-photon cross sections of the two-electron Li+, Ne8+ and Ar16+ ions, following photoionization from their ground state. The expressions for the cross sections are based on the lowest-order (non-vanishing) perturbation theory for the electric field, while the calculations are made with the use of an ab initio configuration interaction method. The ionization cross section is dominated by pronounced single photon resonances in addition to peaks associated with doubly excited resonances. In the case of two-photon ionization, and in the non-resonant part of the cross section, we find that the 1D ionization channel overwhelms the 1S one. We also observe that, as one moves from the lowest atomic number ion, namely Li+, to the highest atomic number ion, namely Ar16+, the cross sections generally decrease.