Ukrainian Part Research Articles

Генеалогічні лінії в орловській рисистій породі коней української частини популяції

The article presents the results of the genealogical analysis of Ukrainian population of horses Orlov’s Trotter breed. The total number of the breed at the time of the survey was 653 horses, including 267 mares. The largest number of horses is in Zaporizhzhya stud no. 86 (29.6% mares). Analysis of the genealogical structure of the breed’s reproductive composition showed the advantage of stallions of three lines: Barchuk (branch of the Zapad, 28.1%), Pilot (18.8%), and Voin (15.6%). The mother composition mainly refers to the lines of Barchuk (branch of the Zapad, 30.7%), Pion (22.1%), Pilot (15.7%). The breeding stock of the Dibrivka stud is represented mainly by mares of the Pion line (41.2%), the Zaporozhsky stud — Barchuk line (a branch of the Zapad, 29.1%), Ispolnitielnyi (22.8%), and Pion (20.3%). In Lymarivka stud, most mares belong to the lines of Barchuk (branch of the Zapad, 35.5%), Pilot, Pion (25.8% each). Lozova stud is equipped with mares mainly of the Barchuk line (branch of the Zapad, 38.2%), Pilot (23.5%) and Veter (20.6%). The largest breeding reproducer of the “Komyshanske” private agrarian enterprise is equipped mainly with mares of the Barchuk line (branch of the Zapad, 51.2%), Pion (22.0%) and Pilot (17.1%). Analysis of the Ukrainian part of the Orlov Trotter breed population genealogical lines showed that in the presence of breeding and repair stallions, the greatest development was received by the Barchuk genealogical line, from which a new, more branched branch of the Zapad is separated, which 28.1% of stallions and 30.7% of mares belong to. The breeding core of this genealogical line is concentrated in all stud farms for breeding the Orlov Trotter breed (basic farms), as well as in breeding reproducers and individual horse owners. Thus, there is a prerequisite for testing the genealogical line of the West in the Ukrainian part of the population of the Orlov Trotter horse breed.

Acritarchs of the Mesozoic of Ukraine

Introduction. Acritarchs are one of the orthostratigraphic groups of microfossils that are widely used in Proterozoic and Paleozoic biostratigraphy. In the Mesozoic period there is a decrease in this group, and this is due to certain reasons. Formulation of the problem. Acritarchs are studied by palynologists from samples of Mesozoic sediments in combination with other representatives of organic bone microplankton, primarily with dinocysts. In the practice of Ukrainian micropaleontologists, the role of such a group as acritarchs, which may be unique in paleoecological reconstructions of the environment, is underestimated. History of the study of acritarchs. None of the researchers studied the group of acritarchs in the Mesozoic deposits of Ukraine. In scientific works it was noted only about the presence of these forms in the description of palynological complexes of Jurassic, Cretaceous and other times. Brief description of the group. Acritarchs are unicellular, non-colonial, organic microfossils. Formulation of the purpose of the article. The aim of the study was to focus on such a little-studied group for the Mesozoic as acritars and to prove its role and significance for stratigraphic and paleoecological constructions. Materials and methods. The research material was samples of rocks of the Middle, Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous deposits, selected separately from 93 sections, but from all major tectonic structures of Ukraine: Peninsky zone of the Carpathians, Volyn-Podolsk plate, western and eastern slopes of the Ukrainian Shield, Priazovsky array of the Ukrainian shield, Dnieper-Donetsk basin, Donbas, South Ukrainian monocline (Black Sea basin), Crimea, North-Azov depression and Azov shaft (Ukrainian part of the Sea of Azov). Presentation of the main material of the study. Acritarchs Jurassic and Cretaceous belong to 10 genera, including 11 species. The most common species found in both Jurassic and Cretaceous sediments of Ukraine are acritarchs Micrhystridium fragile and Fromea sp. Jurassic complexes are slightly richer than chalk in terms of percentage and are represented mainly by Micrhystridium spp., Micrhystridium flagile, M. longum, Veryhachium brevitrispinum, Wilsonastrum sp., Baltisphaeridium sp. Cretaceous: Micrhystridium spp., Micrhystridium fragile, M. longum, Baltisphaeridium breviciliatum, B. aff. capillatum, B. annelieae, B. accinctum, Acanthodiacrodium sp., Solisphaeridium inaffectum, Comasphaeridium sp., Comasphaeridium aff. brachyspinosum, Veryhachium spp., Veryhachium singulare, Leiofusa stoumonensis, Fromea sp., Ascostomocystis sp. The article presents photo tables of images of Jurassic and Cretaceous acritarchs. Conclusions. For the first time in Ukraine, acritarchs were found in samples from Jurassic and Cretaceous sediments and attention was focused on such a little-studied group for the Mesozoic. Their certain role and significance for stratigraphic and paleoecological constructions are proved, their species composition and vertical distribution in sections of Mesozoic sediments are studied. The regularities of the distribution of acritarchs in the same age layers are established. Analyzing the Jurassic and Cretaceous microfossils studied from Mesozoic sediments from 93 sections of different regions of Ukraine, we can say that the trend of disappearance of acritarchs during the Mesozoic is weakly observed. Jurassic forms of acritarchs are up to 5% in the complex, Cretaceous - up to 4%. The next stage of work should be the study of acritarch Jurassic and Cretaceous deposits of all regions of Ukraine for the purposes of the overall picture of the reproduction of paleoecological conditions in Ukraine during the Jurassic and Cretaceous period.

Історія вивчення орнітофауни української частини басейну Дністра в межах лісостепової зони

Introduction. Most of the Dniester basin is located within Ukraine, but the study of flora and fauna of its individual territories is insufficient, particularly, in terms of ornitho­logy of the forest-steppe zone. Materials and discussions. Active study of the bird population of the region was started by Polish researchers in the first half of the 18th century. A significant contri­bution to the study of ornithocomplexes of the then Podolsk province was made by K. F. Kessler, who published a three-volume work on birds of the Kyiv educational district, which also included the above region. Noteworthy are the works by E. Eichwald, G. Belke, V. Taczanowski and A. Brauner. A detailed summary of the history of the fauna of Podillya and its current state, at the beginning of the 20th century, including birds, was prepared by V. P. Khranevych. Data on the then state of the avifauna of the Kherson province, which included part of this region, is provided in the works by I. K. Pachoskii. There are almost no publications on the bird population of the region in the period from the 1930s to the present. At present, the avifauna of the Ukrainian part of the Dniester forest-steppe zone has not been studied fully enough. Available publications and monographs concern either individual species and groups of birds, or the entire territory of Vinnytsia or Odessa regions. Among them are the publications by O. A. Matviichuk and the monograph “Cadastre of terrestrial tetrapods of Vinnytsia region”. However, most of these works relate to the Southern Bug basin. The avifauna of the Dniester basin is presented rather fragmentarily. The monograph by H. I Denysyk “Zoocenoses of anthropogenic landscapes of Podillya” deserves special attention. However, it concerns anthropogenic landscapes of the Podolsk region as a whole, and does not fully cover the features of the spatial distribution of fauna, including birds, in the Dniester basin within the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. Conclusions. The analysis of the available literature has shown that, despite a nearly 300-year history of research, this region is currently one of the least surveyed in terms of bird population. The history of the study of birds in the above area can be divided into four periods of research with different intensity and nature of publications. Taking into account the data of the analysis, it can be stated that the available data are extremely poor to form an idea of the dynamics and current state of the avifauna of this region. Therefore, it is obvious that there is an urgent need for targeted comprehensive research that will address most of the above issues.

«На зразок князівства Литовського»: перспективи включення козацької України до складу Речі Посполитої у 1658–1659 рр. (очікування та реалії)

The article explores the discursive questions connected with the preparation and conclusion of the Ukrainian-Polish treaty of Hadiach in 1658. In particular, the content of the agreement and factors that led to the fact that the idea of the Hadiach treaty (realignment of the Commonwealth into a state of three nationalities) remained unrealised are analysed. The attention was paid to the fact that Polish-Ukrainian negotiations and the conclusion of the agreement in the set near Hadiach in 1658 were conditioned by a number of factors relating to the current Ukrainian-Polish, Ukrainian-Moscow and Polish-Moscow relations. The prime factor that made the Hetman’s government of Ivan Vyhovsky negotiate with the authorities of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the fact that it looked for a medium of reconciliation and further state development of Ukraine because there was a growing threat from Moscow. In Warsaw, in return, having made the most from the dire situation of Ukraine, the authorities longed for solving the “Ukrainian question” by the peaceful return of the lost Ukrainian territories in 1648. They also hoped that in the context of successful development of negotiations with Chigirin, it would be possible to get an advantage over Moscow in the long-running confrontation over dominance in CEE. The content of the treaty of Hadiach that was worked out during the long negotiations mirrored the trend when the Ukrainian part, which was more interested and acted with a weak diplomatic hand, had to agree to the terms dictated by Warsaw. Although, in general, the position of Ukraine in the reformed Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth should have resembled the position of Lithuania, Chigirin was forced to accept territorial restrictions, Warsaw's refusal to liquidate the church union, and so on. The author concluded that the prime factor, which eventually led to the collapse of the idea of Hadiach, was the reluctance of the Polish political elite to recognise equal rights for Ukraine and the Cossacks, and the fact that Warsaw sleepwalked when Moscow troops invaded Ukraine and Hetman Vyhovsky desperately needed the promised help.

An Oligocene olistostrome with exotic clasts in the Silesian Nappe (Outer Ukrainian Carpathians, Uzh River Basin)

In the Ukrainian part of the Silesian Nappe (Outer Carpathians, Uzh River Basin) the exotic clast-bearing Uzhok Olistostrome (up to 60 m thick) occurs within the Oligocene Krosno Formation and underlies the Pikui Sandstone (Otryt Sandstone in Poland). The Uzhok Olistostrome consists of debris/grain/mud flow deposits with clasts of schist and bioclastic limestone. These deposits contain redeposited pelagic sediments with planktonic foraminifers including Parogloborotalia pseudocontinuosa (Jenkins), Ciperoella ciperoensis (Bolli), Globoturborotalita woodi (Jenkins), Chiloguembelina adriatica Premec Fucek, Hernitz Kucenjak and Huber. The age of the Uzhok Olistostrome based on planktonic foraminifers correlates with the middle Oligocene within the middle O2–O5 zones. The source area for the Uzhok Olistostrome and Pikui Sandstone was a mid-Oligocene intrabasinal palaeouplift (the Pikui Ridge) interpreted as the fore-bulge located in the Silesian Sub-basin ahead the emerging Outer Carpathian accretionary prism (including the Dukla Nappe and other West Carpathian inner flysch nappes).

The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea.

The gastropod family Mitridae in the Miocene Paratethys Sea is revised. In total, 35 species in eight genera are reported. 75% of the species are so far known only from the Paratethys Sea. Biogeographic relations with the adjacent Proto-Mediterranean Sea are moderate and are mainly documented within Cancilla, but nearly absent in the other genera. A slight South-North trend in diversity is observed within the Paratethyan basins, with an outstandingly high diversity of 22 species in the Romanian Făget Basin, but only nine species in the Polish and Ukrainian parts of the Fore-Carpathian Basin. Fraudiziba nov. gen. and Wormsina nov. gen. are introduced as new genera. Twelve species are described as new: Episcomitra antibellardii nov. sp., Episcomitra leopoldiana nov. sp., Episcomitra pseudoincognita nov. sp., Episcomitra missile nov. sp., Episcomitra neubaueri nov. sp., Domiporta amoena nov. sp., Domiporta pulchra nov. sp., Domiporta turpis nov. sp., Nebularia soliphila nov. sp., Cancilla nanostriatula nov. sp., and Cancilla wagreichi nov. sp. Fraudiziba ottomanica nov. sp. is described as new species from the middle Miocene of the Karaman Basin in Turkey. Lectotypes are designated for M. austriaca Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1950, Mitra brusinai Hoernes Auinger, 1880, M. cochlearella Mayer-Eymar, 1890, M. friedbergi Cossmann, 1912, Mitra hoernesi Mayer, 1864, Mitra perangulata Peyrot, 1928, M. praenigra Mayer-Eymar, 1890, and Mitra transsylvanica Hoernes Auinger, 1880. Fraudiziba paratethyca nov. nom. is proposed as new name for Mitra austriaca Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950 [non Mayer-Eymar, 1898].

THE UKRAINIAN HORIZONS OF THE NORTH BLACK SEA AREA: HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS

The important role in the history of Ukrainian lands belong to the North Pontic Area. Last decades the revision of old position from one side and the growing of the attention towards the problems of this region take place. The beginning of own ethnical development of Slavs tribes, known by «Ants» name or «Okrainni» by Indo-Iranian language. On the next stage of history, the tribes of Russ chronicle: Ulichi and Tyvertsy settled on Black Sea region. Colonization of this area by the Slavs lasted through more than 500 years, which created the fundamental ethnical base of autochthone population. With formation of Kyiv Russ the North Black Sea area take the important place in political, economic, ethno cultural and trade fields of the new country. The numerous settlements fixed on the Lower Dnieper and other rivers in spite of numerous nomadic tribes: every society occupy the own part of the landscape in connection from their economic type. In the of Post Kyiv Russ and Lithuanian-Russ federation, the South Russ principalities preserved their traditions and continue the progressive development. At the end of the XIV — at the beginning of XV centuries the new fortification line built under the chief of the Great Prince Vitovt in the North Black Sea Area, which opened the new stage of fortification: stone fortresses. The brilliant example of this kind is the first stone fortress Tyagin of the South part of the Lithuanian-Russ principality, as a part of the early Ukraine. In the time of Crimean-Ottoman administration in region, the Christiania autochthone population with Ukrainian part also, continue to live in the North Black sea area and became the region of Cossack colonization. The artefacts of Ukrainian culture founded in the course of the archaeological excavation (Akkerman, Ochakiv) even in the Ottoman fortresses. The anthropological investigations support the existence of great part of the settled population, which take the considerable morphological contacts with Ukrainians of the South, Central and West regions of the XVII—XIX centuries. The important factor of the living of Christian population, including Ukrainians, was the existence and activity of the Brailiv metropolis of the Konstantinopol patriarchate in the middle of the XVI—XIX cent., which escape the large area from Braila to Tyagin. The archaeological investigation of the South Ukraine increase the possibility of the knowledge of the Ukrainian history from the new modern position.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL AND IN CARPATHIAN REGION OF UKRAINE

The study aims to compare CSOs at the national and regional (Ukrainian part of Carpathian Euroregion) levels for possible disparities. It is mainly based on the results of secondary analysis of available official statistical and fiscal data, as well as those published in the study reports. In particular, there were analyzed the Bulletins «Activity of the Civic Associations in Ukraine» and «Indicators of United State Registry of the Companies and Organizations of Ukraine» published by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and its regional departments during 2014-2018. Also the quantitative results of studies done by National Institute for Strategic Studies, Corestone Group and GfK Ukraine, CCC Creative Center, and other institutions were examined. Relevance to the problem of research and its regional boundaries has been employed as a main selection criterion for the secondary data used. Civil society organizations (CSOs) perform exceptional role in providing social services to the inhabitants of the Carpathian region of Western Ukraine. However, they operate in a certain environment significantly influencing respectively their sustainability and capacity to offer high quality services. Obviously, the impact of environment differs regionally, creating unequal opportunities for organizations working in diverse parts of the country. This study aimed to compare CSOs at the national and regional (Ukrainian part of Carpathian Euroregion) levels for possible disparities. The author used secondary analysis of available official statistical and fiscal data, as well as data published in the study reports. He argues that despite actually the same legal, fiscal, and political environment, there are remarkable disparities between CSOs at the national and regional levels. These discrepancies are less evident regarding number and type of operating organizations, their fields of activity but are more significant in respect to available funding and its sources, budgets, staff involved, and environment for philanthropy.

Assessment of River-Sea Interaction in the Danube Nearshore Area (Ukraine) by Bioindicators and Statistical Mapping

There is a lack of understanding of the main drivers that form the picture of biological communities of transitional waters in deltaic ecosystems under the influence of terrestrial sources. Analysis of hydrochemical parameters in relation to phytoplankton communities in the Ukrainian part of the Danube coastal zone (in August 2018) is the focus of current work. The goal was to identify patterns in the distribution of environmental parameters (salinity and nutrients) in the area of the shipping channel through the Bystry arm, as well as to assess the state of water quality. The ecological bioindicators approach using modern statistical methods, and ecological mapping shows sufficient achievements in interpreting the results. The indicators of salinity (mesohalobes) had better describe the character of the transportation of fresh riverine waters than salinity gradient. The composition of 35 indicator phytoplankton species corresponds to 3 and 4 water quality classes in the coastal zone. High N:P ratios showed an imbalance in the ecosystem as an indicator of production and destruction processes. Statistical maps of the indicator species distribution revealed the river current’s influence on the nearshore water mass. Ecological maps of surface and bottom variables show various environmental impacts resulting from dredging in the shipping channel and excavated soil dumping. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and statistical maps revealed two pools of factors with oppositely directed effects on phytoplankton: salinity, on one hand, and nutrients, on the other. Miozoa and Chlorophyta have an opposite interaction with salinity and oxygen and can be ecosystem change indicators in further analysis

Матеріялы до руского словаря – rękopiśmienny dziewiętnastowieczny słownik ukraińsko-polski Josyfa Skomorowskiego

Матеріялы до руского словаря – the Ukrainian-Polish manuscript dictionary by Josyf Skomorovski – consists of 5 volumes and 1732 pages. It was probably completed in 1849. The register of the Ukrainian dictionary has 27000 entries. In the Ukrainian part, there is a lot of phonetic and lexical polonisms as well as dialectical lexical items. Some Ukrainian dictionary entries were not translated – especially in the 4th volume. Some of the Ukrainian words were presented in two orthographical variants – Skomorowski initially tried to follow the rules of phonetic orthography, but then he verified the Ukrainian part in accordance with the etimological orthography. The dictionary is not free from translation errors, it also includes some Ukrainian lexicon which has not been confirmed in other sources.

Поширення орябка (Tetrastes bonasia L.) в українському Розточчі наприкінці XX та в XXI століттях

Materials on the distribution of hazel grouse within the Ukrainian part of Roztochya were collected in the period from 1985 to 2021 (36 years). The article presents the results of own field research, as well as the results of surveys of hunting and forestry workers of the studied natural region. The route accounting method and the route tape method using bait were mainly used. Traces of hazel grouse in the snow are recorded. A description of the main habitats of the species is given. Most attention was paid to the structure of the stand, undergrowth, as well as the type of conditions of forest vegetation. Already in the second half of the 1980 hazel grouse in the Ukrainian part of Roztoczya was quite common, although not numerous. This species was regularly found on the outskirts of Novoyavorivsk, inhabiting the forest on the left side of the highway Lviv - Krakovets, between the village of Ivano-Frankovo ​​and Novoyavorivsk. This species is the most common and numerous on the territory of the Yavoriv military training ground (Starytske and Magerivske military forestry). Hazel grouse is regularly found in some areas of Shklivske and Nemyrivske forestry of the Rava-Ruske state forestry. Less often, the bird were seen in Stradchevsky training and production forestry and Roztochya Reserve. A slight increase in the number and settlement of birds outside the Yavoriv military range was observed in the period – from 2012 to 2016. After 2016, the population declined sharply. Over the past 3 years, grouse are no longer registered in most former habitats. Recently, these birds have ceased to be recorded in most of their former habitats. Several local microgroups have survived only in the forest adjacent to the tactical field of the military training ground. In the studied natural region, the habitats of these birds are mainly limited to young plantations, which are in contact zones of several types of forest growing conditions. In old forests, the presence of undergrowth is important condition of the habitat of these birds. There are five main types of habitat for this species. The best of them are pine-birch young stands formed as a result of a secondary succession of forests, as well as alder forests in river valleys.

Genetic diversity of the free-living population of Przewalski's horses in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone

The present study is aimed at evaluating the genetic diversity, genetic status and the extent of hybridization with the domestic horse for the Przhevalski’s horse (Equus ferus przewalskii Poliakov 1881) population free-ranging in the territory of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) in Belarus and Ukraine. The sample size included 12 individuals (10 sampled in the Belarusian part of the CEZ and 2 from the Ukrainian part of the CEZ). Ten microsatellites recommended by the International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG) for horse genetic status and pedigree determination were used as markers in this study. The fragment analysis data obtained utilising this microsatellite panel determined that two individuals from Belarus possess no allelic variants typical for Przhevalski’s horse. Most of the other individuals presented diagnostically valuable allelic variants. Demographic history analysis for the population did not indicate any drastic population shrinkage events in the population’s recent history. The studied population is characterised by heterogeneous population structure with signs of inbreeding (0.21 %), intermediate level of genetic diversity (He = 0.63) and allelic richness (5.15), possesses 16 unique alleles among 2 microsatellite loci and valuable alleles for loci HMS3 and HMS7 (46.4 and 67.9 % specific alleles for Przhevalski’s horse, respectively). Genetic structure evaluation for the population was performed via Bayesian population structure analysis and factorial correspondence analysis (FCA), which indicated the presence of intrapopulation genetic subdivision. Taking into account the obtained indicators of genetic diversity, we may conclude on the relatively favourable status of Przewalski’s horse in the exclusion zone with good potential for the long-term existence of the species population in the wild. In order to minimise inbreeding effects and the risk of a decline in genetic diversity in the population of Przewalski’s horse of the exclusion zone, as well as to increase the value of this free-living group to preserve the gene pool of the species as a whole, it is necessary to provide detailed genetic monitoring of the livestock’s state, as well as develop a regional population management plan, including measures aimed to minimise the possibility of further hybridisation of wild horses with domestic ones.

Автоматизований модельний комплекс для забезпечення діяльності Військово-Морських Сил України оперативними прогнозами океанографічних умов

The work aimed to solve the problem of ensuring the security and defense capabilities of Ukraine. Creation of the modern automated system for forecasting of oceanographic parameters of the marine environment of the Ukrainian part of the Azov-Black sea to meet the needs of the Ukrainian Armed Forces. For this purpose, the prospects of using an adapted software package (integrated numerical models Delft3D: FLOW + WAVE (SWAN Simulating WAves Nearshore) using meteorological data from the model GFS (Global Forecast System) considered.The results of tests of the complex for solving problems of diagnosis and forecast of oceanographic conditions for the Odesa region in the north-western part of the Black Sea are given.The set of oceanographic data that can be obtained using the current version of the automated model complex includes:wind conditions;deviation of the sea level from the undisturbed state under the action of the wind in the coastal zones of the sea (which determine the current depths);spatio-temporal variability of parameters of wind waves, water circulation (currents) in coastal areas of the sea, taking into account the influence of wind waves;defined tasks will allow to solve the application of the automated forecasting complex in the interests of navigation and hydrographic support of the naval forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.It is concluded that the integration of the automated complex "Delft3D-FLOW + SWAN" in the structure of the intelligent information system for lighting the hydrographic situation in the Black Sea will solve the problem of rapid assessment of the oceanographic situation in the present (up to 5 days) and future (up to 4 days) for the Black Sea and its north-western part, selected areas of coastal zones with the necessary spatial separation of data.

SOCIETY «FARMER» IN THE CAMP OF UKRAINIAN PRISONERS OF WAR WETZLAR (GERMANY), 1916-1917: TO THE HISTORY OF FOUNDATION AND ACTIVITY

The article recreates the history of creation and activity of the society «Farmer», which operated in the camp of Ukrainian prisoners of war Wetzlar (Germany) in 1916-1917, and identifies the contribution of its members to the cultural and educational life of the Ukrainian organization of the camp. Measures of the Union for the Liberation of Ukraine in the autumn of 1915 carried out the Ukrainization of the Wetzlar camp, after which it became possible to create a Ukrainian camp organization. The main content of her work was the establishment of cultural and educational life among the captive Ukrainians, which had a distinct national feature. In order to attract the apolitical part of Ukrainians to Ukrainians, the leadership of the camp community considered it expedient to establish the Farmer's Society, in which everyone had the opportunity to gain basic knowledge in the field of agronomic sciences beyond any «politics». To a large extent, the success of the society was ensured on the one hand by the attention paid to it by the members of the IED Education Department and the camp staff, and on the other hand, the German commandant's office provided significant assistance to the Farmer, handing over a separate barracks and a plot of land. In addition, the development of the society was facilitated by the Wetzlar Agricultural School (by borrowing visual aids and fertilizer samples). Due to this, the activities conducted by the society were practical and related to various fields of agricultural knowledge (horticulture, horticulture, animal husbandry, beekeeping, household chemicals, cooperation, etc.). The classes («seminars») involved not only professionals but also students from different regions of Ukraine, who prepared their own essays and introduced their colleagues to advanced management methods. It was also important that all lectures were given in Ukrainian, serving the cause of Ukrainization of some of the Russification prisoners. Gaining knowledge and receiving practical training, the members of the society at the same time diversified the diet of the rest of the camp, so the activities of the «Farmer» always met with general support of the entire camp community.

Hazardous phenomena in the slides zone of the Ukrainian section in Azov sea

Formulation of the problem. According long- term data analyses under the slides zone in Ukrainian part of the Azov sea sustainable processes had been marked. Landslides are most active in autumn and spring. The activation of landslides occurs under the influence of man-made and natural factors. The most significant factor is coastal abrasion. Review of previous publications. It was established that the air temperature and precipitation, the temperature and salinity of sea waters and the hydrometeorological regime of the coastal zone and the water balance of the Black and Azov seas as well depends on climatic changes. The rising of the sea level has intensified over the past decades. These changes found a response in the coastal zone that reacted to them and acquired corresponding trends. Purpose is to determine the reasons for the formation of dynamically unstable sectors and the possibility of protecting the shores on the Ukrainian coast in the Azov Sea, the subject is landslide processes, as the result of the abrasion of the shores, the object is the variability of the natural and anthropogenic conditions of the Ukrainian coast of the Azov Sea in the area of interaction between the sea and land. Methods. Analyses of images space and temporal dynamic of Earth remote sensing satellites by DigitalGlobe, USGS LandLook and Sentinel were used and also retrospective long term of hydrometeorological data and standard statistical methods. Results. The places (areas) with pronounced coastal dynamic processes on the Ukrainian coast of the Azov Sea were identified, that require special attention: two in the Kherson region, five in the Zaporozhye region and four in Donetsk. In the coastal zone of the Azov Sea the rate of abrasion from 1 to 4 m per year (in exceptional cases up to 15 m per year) was marked. In a period of significant level rises, the flooding of ports, berths, the destruction of hydraulic engineering structures, storage facilities, and residential buildings is possible. Also, during the period of the significant decreasing of the sea level, the already limited depth of the approach channels decreases again, that disrupts the operation of the fleet. Conclusions. Investigations of the current state of the Ukrainian coastal zone of the Azov Sea, that is significant importance for the sustainable the economy development, the recreational region’s potential and the social level of the population. It has been established that in the eastern regions of the Azov coast of Ukraine there are a deficit of sediments and a high degree of variability of the abrasion form of the coastal-sea relief is noted, and an excess of sediments are formed in the western and northwestern regions.

Discussion at the Imperial academy of sciences (1907) considering “The Dictionary of the Ukrainian language” spelling system

The subject of the study is the discussion considering the spelling system of the Ukrainian part of the four-volume “The Dictionary of the Ukrainian language” (1907–1909), compiled and edited by Borys Grinchenko. Academician Alexei Shakhmatov initiated the discussion at the Imperial Academy of Sciences at the beginning of 1907. The lack of Ukrainian unified spelling was the reason for the discussion. The Imperial Academy of Sciences archival materials were found and systematized by historians Viktor Korotky and Vasyl Ulyanovsky, which is not widely known among the Ukrainian philological community. The procedure of the discussion as well as specific features of the archival materials have been studied in this research. The material of the paper includes the Imperial Academy of Sciences meeting minutes on Ukrainian spelling with the participation of Philip Fortunatov (chairman), Fyodor Volkov, Pavel Saladilov, Peter Stebnytsky and Alexei Shakhmatov (January 6, 1907); Peter Stebnytsky’s report on the spelling system of the Dictionary, compiled by Borys Grinchenko (January 6, 1907); Mykhailo Hrushevsky’s conclusion on the spelling of the dictionary (February 1907); Borys Grinchenko’s conclusion “On the question of the Ukrainian language spelling (for the Imperial Academy of Sciences Meeting on Ukrainian spelling)” (March 7, 1907); Kost Mykhalchuk’s letter to the Academic Commission (May 5, 1907). The article aims at linguistic, sociallinguistic, linguodidactic and other reasons of discussion about the spelling of a part of the “The Dictionary of the Ukrainian language” (1907‒1909) and choice of the Ukrainian language spelling system. The article relies primarily on the descriptive method, coupled with elements of the contrastive method and the biographical analysis. The result of the study is the statement that the meeting on spelling issues for the “Dictionary of the Ukrainian language” considered the choice of the Ukrainian language spelling system as a whole, but not for a separate printed work. It was Borys Grinchenko’s “Dictionary” that first revealed the scientific, educational and practical needs to create a standardized and unified Ukrainian spelling and its rules. The meeting materials demonstrate that the compiler reached a well-thought-out compromise between a purely scientific idea of etymological spelling and the practical, technical and pedagogical needs of that time society, for which it would be the easiest to master the phonetic principle of writing. The dictionary was printed taking into account the comments of the spelling meeting. It is worth mentioning that the given comments were constructive. The spelling meeting did not make a decision on its own, the opinions of Ukrainian scholars and Borys Grinchenko himself were taken into consideration, and some spelling principles were found expedient for the Ukrainian language in order to fully convey its sound system. The materials studied presuppose further thorough research of Borys Grinchenko’s autographs and reprints of his texts from the standpoint of textology, source studies, the history of Ukrainian linguistic thought, the history of the Ukrainian literary language and its spelling.

Eumeiobenthic crustaceans on the plastic litter in the nearshore water area of the Cape Malyi Fontan (Odesa Gulf, Black Sea)

In the article there are research results of the eumeiobenthic crustaceans on the plastic litter surface in the nearshore Cape Malyi Fontan water area in Odesa Gulf (north-western Black Sea). Species diversity, density and biomass of eumeiobenthic crustaceans were determined on the plastic litter collected in July and October 2018 in the nearshore cape aquatic zone. Eumeiobenthic organisms made up grate percentage in meiobenthos and were represented by order Harpacticoida (Copepoda) and class Ostracoda. The eumeiobenthos percentage of the total meiobenthos density in July made up 36.05% and in October – 58,08%. The indexes of the eumeiobenthos biomass almost didn’t distinct in the different months of the sampling. The percentage of the harpacticoids copepods was more 80%, and ostracods – up to 15%. On the plastic litter 14 meiobenthos taxa were registered. Were identified 9 ostracodes species, associated with plastic marine litter, that are from 5 families. Most widespread species of ostracodes on the fouling of the plastic litter were Hemicytherura bulgarica (Klie, 1937), Paradoxostoma variabile (Baird, 1835) and Xestoleberis decipiens Mueller, 1894. Fauna of harpacticoid copepods on the plastic litter from coastal cape waters consists of 16 species belongs to 10 families. Among them Ameira parvula parvula (Claus, 1866), Canuella perplexa (Scott T. et A., 1893), Dactylopusia tisboides (Claus, 1863), Ectinosoma melaniceps (Boeck, 1845) та Harpacticus littoralis (Sars G. O., 1910) were most common. Meiobenthos assemblages on the plastic litter fouling are similar to the diversity, formed on the artificial and natural substrates of the Odesa Gulf, but distinct from the last much lower density and biomass values. Eumeiobenthic crustaceans represented by widespread species, inhabiting in the nearshore water zone of the Ukrainian part of the north-western Black Sea.

Regarding the distribution of plastic waste within the surf zone of Yuzhne city beach

The publication highlights a number of the problem aspects of the geoecosystem components pollution of the Black Sea Ukrainian sector by plastic waste and microplastics. On the field research and literature sources processing basis a question review was carried out and certain analytical generalizations were received. Emphasis is placed on the insufficient problem study degree of the shelf Ukrainian part pollution by synthetic and artificial polymers in comparison with similar areas of other Black Sea countries. This determines the need for initial systematization and identification of current research areas on this issue, and the field observations implementation and an information base creation. The conducted field works results in the area of Yuzhne city beach are presented, the main purpose of which was to study the peculiarities of plastic waste and microplastics distribution in current sand deposits and sea suspension of active recreation areas. Analysis of the obtained data involving of similar studies results presented in the available literature shows a low level of Yuzhne beach area pollution compared to some parts of the coast within the Mediterranean, North Atlantic, and Bulgarian sec- tor of the Black Sea. The conducted research allowed gaining practical experience, determining a certain arsenal of field research methods and getting a preliminary idea of pollution degree and plastic waste quality composition within Ukraine coastal city popular recreation area. Further problem state analysis, practical field work and the appropriate laboratory base development will increase the reliability of obtaining and processing data on volumes, sources and routes of plastic waste entry into the Black Sea ecosystems, as well as harmonize the processes of obtaining and processing data in accordance with established global methodologies and techniques.

Paleocene deposits of the Ukrainian Carpathians: geological and petrographic characteristics, reservoir properties

The Paleocene Yamna Formation represents one of the main oil-bearing sequences in the Ukrainian part of the Carpathian petroleum province. Major oil accumulations occur in the Boryslav-Pokuttya and Skyba Units of the Ukrainian Carpathians. In the great part of the study area, the Yamna Formation is made up of thick turbiditic sandstone layers functioning as reservoir rocks for oil and gas. The reconstructions of depositional environments of the Paleocene flysch deposits performed based on well log data, lithological and petrographic investigations showed that the terrigenous material was supplied into the sedimentary basin from two sources. One of them was located in the northwest of the study area and was characterized by the predominance of coarse-grained sandy sediments. Debris coming from the source located in its central part showed the predominance of clay muds and fine-grained psammitic material. The peculiarities of the terrigenous material distribution in the Paleocene sequence allowed singling out four areas with the maximum development (> 50% of the total section) of sandstones, siltstones and mudstones. The performed petrographic investigations and the estimation of reservoir properties of the Yamna Formation rocks in these four areas allowed establishing priority directions of further exploration works for hydrocarbons in the study territory.

Идентичность и представления об истории у биэтничного русско-украинского населения России

Based on the data of a sociological survey carried out in 2020, the paper analyzes the ideas of the inhabitants of Russia with a double Russian-Ukrainian ethno-identity about the history of both (“mother” for this ethno-community) countries, as well as the connection of these ideas with identity. It was revealed that people with biethnical Russian-Ukrainian identity are much better aware of historical figures from the history of Russia than Ukraine. The history of Russia is personified primarily by military and political figures, while representatives of the cultural elite occupy a peripheral place. On the contrary, the history of Ukraine is equally associated with both politicians and military leaders, as well as with cultural figures. This perception of the history of the two countries is reflected in the identity of biethnic people. The Russian part of ethnicity is linked by them primarily with the state and those emotions that the state personifies (pride in the country, patriotism, etc.). On the other hand, the Ukrainian part is more often described by more intimate (family, private) emotions, i.e. those emotions that the cultural elite displays.