Part Deals Research Articles

Arabic literature: Ali Ahmed Ba-Kathir’s Omar ibn Al-Khattab an epic verse drama (1)

This paper attempts to cast light on a leading poet-playwright who signifies several Arabic cultures, proficiencies, and skills. The study aims at revealing to what extent the play Omar is a modern Arabic poetic play. Omar is a historical drama that deals with social problems. Omar presents a vision of Arabic drama in the modern age, but it is also a poetic play. For that, it is the task of the researcher to try to prove that Omar bears several grounds, such as poetic devices and connotative symbols, to be called a poetic drama. The investigator adopts the critical-descriptive method in analyzing the first scene of the introduction of the play, Omar. The paper is planned with an introductory overview dealing with a brief view of poetic drama and blank verse. The second part deals with Ali Ahmad Ba-Kathir as a pioneer poet-dramatist. The main part of the study deals with the epic play Omar with reference to the first scene of the introduction, shedding light on the skillfulness of the writer in manipulating poetic and musical devices. The task finishes with recommendations and a brief conclusion.

FROM THE STANDPOINT OF VICTIMS

The paper highlights a neglected status of the ruled, that of victim. It questions what a victim is, and points out the historical conditions of the generalised social status of victims, the ideological representations of the status of victims in the formation of the social fabric, the dominant point of view in the historical representations on the relations of victim generation, and the paradigm shifting from the standpoint of victims. By using the last scientific research in anthropology, ethology, archaeology, and by recalling Konrad Lorenz’s, Freud’s, Erich Fromm’s and René Girard’s explanations, the first part deals with the problem of the dominant ideology’s legitimating of the human aggressiveness as an inherited animal instinct. The above-mentioned references prove that the animal origin of the human aggressiveness is not sustainable. The differences between the animal aggressiveness and the human one are displayed as well as the historical development of the generalised and banal victim status. An interesting feature of victims was their historical “sacredness”. In mirror – as the Interlude mentions – the contradiction between the holiness of the child and, when he matures, his transformation into a victim suggests the necessity to consider the problem of victims as culturally/socially determined and thus not eternal. The last part focuses on the problem of dialogue space of victims. The regular discourse from the dominant point of view in the name of victims excludes them from the public space. On the contrary, this one is filled with the “only correct” view in variants which do not challenge the questioning of victim creation process. Since the most ardent will of victims is to no longer be victims, the necessity of paradigm shift in the theoretical approach of social relations was imperious. It concerned the perspective from which the approach is promoted, i.e. the perspective of victims. The paper ends by illustrating this shift.

Robust approximate constraint following control for SCARA robots system with uncertainty and experimental validation

In the context of mechanical systems characterized by nonlinearity, uncertainty, and unknown external disturbances, this paper presents a novel and practical robust control algorithm based on the Udwadia–Kalaba (UK) equation that incorporates the ideal system trajectory as a servo constraint. Firstly, the constraint force of the system under servo constraints can be written in analytic form, which is the first part of the proposed control algorithm. The remaining parts deal with the initial condition incompatibility and the uncertainty within the system, respectively. Secondly, it is proved that the controlled system with uniform boundedness (UB) and uniform ultimate boundedness (UUB) by using the Lyapunov method. Finally, based on the SCARA robot platform, numerical simulations and experiments are performed using the rapid control prototype CSPACE. The results indicate that the proposed robust control method provides excellent dynamic performance under the constraints of the ideal trajectory. The effectiveness and practicality of the control method are further demonstrated.

Clinical Usefulness of Machine Learning Approaches as a Non-Invasive Technology in Reducing Hepatitis Disease Mortality

Hepatitis is a viral infection that causes inflammation of the liver. However, other factors can cause the disease, including secondary effects from drugs, toxins, alcohol, and autoimmune hepatitis. The autoimmune form of the disease occurs when the body produces antibodies against the liver tissue, and many people worldwide are affected by it. Various clinical factors and parameters are examined in diagnosing hepatitis disease, which is analyzed by performing various tests of these factors and parameters. As a result of the vastness of the parameters under examination, it is challenging and complicated for the experts in this field to perform the analysis process on these parameters on a large scale. Healthcare experts can now identify the factors influencing the death rate of patients with high speed and accuracy thanks to emerging technologies such as machine learning, which is a subset of artificial intelligence. In this study, KNN and SVM machine learning techniques were used to analyze the positive effect of clinical parameters such as LIVER BIG, LIVER FIRM, SPLEEN PALPABLE, and ANOREXIA on patients' survival or death rates. This study investigates and analyzes the results of the implementation in two parts. The first part deals with determining the positive impact of these clinical parameters on the death and survival rate of patients, and the second part examines the performance of machine learning techniques based on the evaluation criteria of accuracy (ACC), error rate (ERR), specificity (SPE), and negative prediction value (NPV).Based on the implementation finding of machine learning techniques on data related to hepatitis patients, it has been determined that patients with positive LIVER BIG, LIVER FIRM, SPLEEN PALPABLE, and ANOREXIA clinical parameters can have a high chance of survival. On the other side, The SVM technique outperformed the KNN technique by ACC 94.05%, ERR 16.02%, SPE 93.07%, and NPV 85.7% in an analysis of the performance of machine learning techniques.

DIFFICULTIES IN TEACHING GERMAN MODAL VERBS TO ECONOMICS STUDENTS

Modal verbs are an important chapter in learning German. The paper presents how the modal verbs are thought to the economics students in our university, emphasizing the common mistakes of the students and possible measures the teacher should take in order to diminish the number of learning mistakes. The first part of the paper deals with the theoretical background, thus being such a difficult subject for the Romanian student, the paper brings up even the conjunction differences on this subject, dealing with different verbal tenses in the German grammar. The second part of this paper presents a text full of modal verbs, in different tenses, the students are asked to recognize them. In the paper I will show the mistakes the students usually make and the proportion of the right answers at this task. The following part deals with different exercises, in order to conclude the mistakes and the proportion of the right answers at this challenge. The final part shows the conclusions of this study that reflects on the results of the conducted measurements. The modal verbs play an important role in facilitating an efficient and understandable communication pattern in the society and therefore, they form significant aspect in the human language. Modal verbs add to the text precision and clearance in its meaning.

Rzymska czy grecka? O pochodzeniu zasady rodyjskiej o zrzucie morskim - lex Rhodia de iactu

What where the origins of the Rhodian law of jettison? Did the Romans really adopt the law created on the Greek island? The first part of the article examines the origin and authenticity of available sources. The second part deals with the origin of the idea to regulate this issue. Consequently, it appears that lex Rhodia de iactu was a maritime trade custom that developed in the Greek cultural background. When the Romans started to participate in the Mediterranean maritime trade, they adopted and transformed the custom in such a way that it became compatible to Roman law. This is how the Greek idea of settling a loss, incurred in the common interest, became one of the contractual elements of locatio conductio. It proves the usefulness and flexibility of that contract as well as the reasonableness of Roman law, which was able to accept good solutions from laws of other nations.

Superconducting Field Theory (Theory of Everything)

Unification theory with no extra dimensions, using a vacuum structure and opposite from fields based. The first part deals with the unification of the strong nuclear force and the gravitational force. Strong nuclear force, with an attraction of 10.000 Newtons is which makes space to curve generating acceleration, more matter, more acceleration. Gravitational force is moved to work with more than 30 decimals. The second part describes the hypothetical structure for the quantum vacuum to be able to work as a superconductor of matter as well as of smaller subatomic particles (like photons or neutrinos) inside a 3 states multistable system that allows fundamental particles motion as described in the Standard Model.

Structural applications of the isotropic liquid-phase deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance.

Present review is focused on recent experimental and computational advances of the liquid-phase deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Nowadays, isotropic liquid-phase 2 H NMR became one of the most important instruments for the identification and certification of organic compounds of biological interest together with natural products and biosynthetic molecules. Of special interest are the 2 H NMR biochemical and microbiological applications. This review consists of three main parts. The first part deals with the practical applications of 2 H NMR to organic compounds of biological interest. The second part is connected with natural products and biosynthetic molecules, while the third part exemplifies and outlines 2 H NMR advances in biochemistry and microbiology.

Implementation of Digital Twin for Increasing Efficiency of Renewable Energy Sources

This paper presents an analysis of the instability of the electricity generation of renewable energy sources (RESs), specifically Digital Twins of RESs. The first part deals with the analysis of RES electricity generation around the world and Ukraine. The following chapter describes features of functioning power grids in modern conditions in Ukraine and ways to ensure the balance reliability in the power system for conditions of high-grade RES integration. The rapid increase in electricity generation RESs causes control problems of distributed power supply in the power grid. A mathematical model of the parameter controls in normal mode electric power systems for conditions with high integration of RESs is proposed in the second part. The study investigates components of the optimality criterion at the control of normal mode parameters of the electric power system with RESs. In general, digital transformation helps decarbonize the energy supply, decrease dependency on fossil fuels, and integrate renewables into power systems. A model Digital Twin (DT) of a photovoltaic system, or an exact 3D visualization, analyzing the accumulator system depending on load and generation, are presented. The problems of Digital Twin are very widely discussed, but many papers and studies are general without any practical implementations. The main part of this paper focuses on research and deals with daily electricity generation from different kinds of RESs, namely mini-hydropower stations, photovoltaic power stations, and wind power stations. Measured data of electricity generation from photovoltaic power plants, wind power plants, and mini-hydropower plants and obtained meteorological factors were used for the calculation of Spearman’s, Kendall’s, and Pearson’s correlation rank coefficients. The main contribution of this research is to determine the main metrological factors for each kind of studied RES. In the future, it will help to decide the task of forecasting power generation more presciently. Additionally, the presented model of DT RESs allows the installation and operation of grids with higher efficiency, because it can help to predict all influences, from shading up to the optimization of the battery storage system.

Hypocoercivity for non-linear infinite-dimensional degenerate stochastic differential equations

The aim of this article is to construct solutions to second order in time stochastic partial differential equations and to show hypocoercivity of the corresponding transition semigroups. More generally, we analyze non-linear infinite-dimensional degenerate stochastic differential equations in terms of their infinitesimal generators. In the first part of this article we use resolvent methods developed by Beznea, Boboc and Röckner to construct diffusion processes with infinite lifetime and explicit invariant measures. The processes provide weak solutions to infinite-dimensional Langevin dynamics. The second part deals with a general abstract Hilbert space hypocoercivity method, developed by Dolbeaut, Mouhot and Schmeiser. In order to treat stochastic (partial) differential equations, Grothaus and Stilgenbauer translated these concepts to the Kolmogorov backwards setting taking domain issues into account. To apply these concepts in the context of infinite-dimensional Langevin dynamics we use an essential m-dissipativity result for infinite-dimensional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck operators, perturbed by the gradient of a potential. We allow unbounded diffusion operators as coefficients and apply corresponding regularity estimates. Furthermore, essential m-dissipativity of a non-sectorial Kolmogorov backward operator associated to the dynamic is needed. Poincaré inequalities for measures with densities w.r.t. infinite-dimensional non-degenerate Gaussian measures are studied. Deriving a stochastic representation of the semigroup generated by the Kolmogorov backward operator as the transition semigroup of a diffusion process enables us to show an L2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$L^2$$\\end{document}-exponential ergodicity result for the weak solution. Finally, we apply our results to explicit infinite-dimensional degenerate diffusion equations.

Cross-diffusion models in complex frameworks from microscopic to macroscopic

This paper deals with the micro–macro derivation of models from the underlying description provided by methods of the kinetic theory for active particles. We consider the so-called exotic models according to the definition proposed in [ N. Bellomo, N. Outada, J. Soler, Y. Tao and M. Winkler, Chemotaxis and cross diffusion models in complex environments: Modeling towards a multiscale vision, Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci. 32 (2022) 713–792]. The first part of the presentation focuses on a survey and a critical analysis of some phenomenological models known in the literature. We refer to a selection of case studies, in detail, the transport of virus models, social dynamics, and Keller–Segel in a fluid. The second part shows how a Hilbert-type approach can be developed to derive models at the macroscale from the underlying description provided by the kinetic theory of active particles. The third part deals with the derivation of macroscopic models corresponding to the selected case studies. Finally, a forward look into the future research perspectives is proposed.

Millennials looking for their place in epidemiology.

The "millennial" epidemiologists, born between the beginning of the 80s and the end of the 90s, are the generation that most of all, today, lives between the present and the future of this discipline. This issue of Recenti Progressi in Medicina aims to talk about what young (and no longer young) epidemiologists and public health researchers are dealing with and to reflect on the most relevant topics in our field, with an eye to the future. Starting from the profile of the "millennial" epidemiologists in Italy and the topics on which they work, the issue develops through three parts dealing with relevant topics for the present and the future of Public health. The first part deals with the important issue of finding a balance between the protection of personal data and the protection of health through a dialogue between researchers, jurists and citizens. The second part aims to clarify the issue of big data and its implications for producing health. The third part touches on four relevant topics for the perspectives of epidemiology through reflections and application examples of machine learning, integration between pharmacoepidemiology and environmental epidemiology, health prevention and promotion involving citizens and other stakeholders, and epidemiology of mental health. In a constantly changing world, challenges for those who work to produce health are not lacking, as is the determination to face them. With this issue, we hope to contribute to the awareness of who we are and our potential, to help millennials (but not only) find their place in epidemiology, today and tomorrow.

Review of robotics competition. Water robotics

The development of robotics technologies requires an increase in the level of scientific and technical develop-ments and the creation of a profile reserve, as well as the formation of a system for training highly qualified spe-cialists. One of the ways to assess the achieved level of development and qualifications of engineering teams is to hold competitions at various levels. The article provides an overview of various events in competitive robotics. The second part deals with competitions in water and air. The competitions are structured according to the format of the competition, the environment of functioning and the age of the participants. Conclusions are made about the pro-spects of various events of competitive robotics, as well as the relevance of some of them. The interrelationships of the competencies achieved when participating in competitions in various areas are presented, and a conclusion is made about the conduct of vocational guidance work.

TiO2-based photocatalytic hydrogen production: How to transfer it to an applicable approach?

Global industrial development and increased energy demand are key contributors to the rise in CO2 emissions and global climate change. It is therefore necessary to build a sustainable energy infrastructure that would be based on hydrogen from renewable energy sources. Herein, we first introduce the different methods for H2 generation, including photocatalysis with TiO2 as one of the most widely used photocatalysts. The various processes occurring on irradiated TiO2 and their contribution to photocatalytic H2 efficiency are discussed. The next part deals with the best techniques for material engineering, including self-doping, loading with co-catalysts, doping with metals and non-metals, and heterojunction structures. The last part displays the effects of external conditions that positively influence photocatalytic H2 production, especially thermo- and mechanically-assisted photocatalysis. As part of this special issue, this mini-review summarizes most of the investigations carried out in this field by the groups led by Prof. Bahnemann.

It takes two to tango: a reply to our MMT critics*

We reply to the critics who contributed the other papers in the same issue of this journal. In the first part of the article, we indicate those remarks addressed to us, which we deem inappropriate to answer. The second part deals with the remarks we find useful to answer, which relate to money, monetary policy and central banking on the one hand, and to fiscal policy on the other hand. The third part recalls remarks we made in our previous publications and that our critics did not wish to consider, whereas this might have helped them in amending their theory. In the fourth part, we conclude that an opportunity to engage in a more fruitful debate may thus have been missed: indeed, it takes two to tango.

CHANGES OF FASHION CONSUMERS PURCHASING BEHAVIOR BEFORE AND DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: EVIDENCE FROM SERBIA

Fashion consumers purchasing behavior before and during COVID-19 pandemic are the subject of this paper. The empirical part deals with an analysis of the frequency of purchasing fashion products in Serbia in relation to the level of monthly income, the method of ordering, the method of payment, the items of the order and the impact of influencers on the purchase of fashion products, both in the period before and during the pandemic. The behavior of generations Z, Y, X and Baby Boomers was considered as the behavior of consumers of fashion products. The aim of the research is to examine if there is a difference, and what is the extent of the difference, in the behavior of the consumers who have purchased fashion products before and during the pandemic. Online research was carried out using a random sample of 1,002 respondents (both genders, aged 18-72) in Serbia, during the pandemic. The research results show that during the pandemic the percentage of consumers who frequently purchased fashion products have decreased to a large extent compared to the period before COVID-19. During the pandemic, the purchase of fashion products (clothing, footwear and accessories) in physical stores and through domestic websites in Serbia have decreased, along with a decrease in the portion of monthly income set aside for the purchase of fashion products. On the other hand, the purchase of fashion products through foreign websites and social networks have increased, which was accompanied by an increase in online payment methods. The results also show that influencers have made no impact on the change in frequency of ordering fashion products. Generation Z have most frequently purchased clothing items and through social networks, while Generation Y have most frequently ordered fashion products through foreign websites during the pandemic.

The two ‘strongest pillars of the empiricist wing’: the Vienna Circle, German academia and emigration in the light of correspondence between Philipp Frank and Richard von Mises (1916–1939)

ABSTRACT This paper is divided into a surveying and argumentative part and a slightly longer documentary part, which is meant to verify or at least make more plausible claims made in the first part. The first part deals in broad outline with the relationship of Frank and von Mises to the Vienna Circle of Logical Empiricism on the one hand and to the physicists and mathematicians in the German-speaking world on the other. The varying special positions, partly the non-conformity of the two Austrian scientists are emphasized, in particular, their adherence to Ernst Mach’s epistemology and their shared interest in probability theory and applied mathematics. The impact of emigration and the after-effects in the U.S. are discussed. This leads to new insights into the fine structure of the Vienna Circle and the latter’s relationship to German academia within ‘Weimar Culture’. P. Forman’s interpretation (1971) of von Mises’ position is critically discussed. The second, documentary part, uses recently discovered correspondence between Frank and von Mises, and, to a lesser extent, von Mises’ personal diary. It aims at further substantiating some of the introductory theses and will at the same time provide material for a thorough biographical appreciation of the two scholars and friends.

Semantic Challenges of Business Translation with Reference to English and Arabic: A Product-Oriented Approach

This study aims to reveal the meaning of the bit and its uses when the deceased Ibn Jinni (392 e)، and was (at all) mean when the general perpetuation that does not come out of it، or that this judgment is launched when the perpetuation that he sees without regard to the doctrines of other scholars of the same issue?. The nature of this study necessitated that it be divided into two parts: the first part deals with the issues that have been completely proven، and the second part deals with the issues that have been denied at all. This research is derived from a doctoral thesis dealing with linguistic issues in which Ibn Jinni used the rule of the bit، and the research dealt with all his printed compositions that were raised on twenty-five authors، abbreviated in this research on some phonetic issues، dealt with after the introduction، Before the conclusion، the issues that were denied at all، and in two forms: the first of them: it was what was used at all in its first form، i.e.: perpetuation and cutting in its general sense، and the second: it was what was used at all in its second form، i.e.: perpetuation and cutting of his linguistic vision and doctrine، without regard to the doctrines of other scholars.

Inclusion of Definitions in Legislative Drafting: A Necessity or a Luxury?

Legislative drafting is a crucial element in the formation of legal norms. The success of these norms depends on the accuracy of the words used and the appropriateness of its tools, as it is subject to a set of rules and mechanisms that the legislator must follow, whether at the level of form or at the level of content. Our study will focus on the rule related to using definitions in the exact way to include them in the legislative drafting. It aims to standardize the terms used by the legislator in the legal text in order to avoid any confusion or ambiguity about these terms, and to distinguish it from other meanings that may come in other texts but in a different concepts. The research problem revolves around the extent to which legislation needs to include definitions in laws, is it a necessity or just a luxury? We will address this problem using the descriptive and comparative approach by dividing the study into two parts, the first part deal with the need to include definitions in laws, and the second part addresses the norms governing the use of definitions in legislative drafting. We conclude, that adding a legal definition to the legislative process, giving it legal meaning, would perpetuate the rigid, ossified concept of law. Contrast that with jurisprudential definitions, which sometimes change the true meaning of jurists' terms. However, each definition will be kept in line with the pace of legislation to keep up with the pace of social development, in case it becomes outdated or needs to be supplemented.
 Keywords: legal drafting, definitions, improvement of law, legal security.

The Reception of Chopin – the Poet of the Piano – and his Music in Taiwan. An initial assessment, based on a questionnaire for choir singers

Although the popularity of Chopin and his music in East Asia is a well-known phenomenon, we know quite little about how exactly Asian people understand and listen to Chopin’s music. This article aims to show the general situation of the reception of Chopin and his music in Taiwan by examining three different aspects. Presented in the first part are the results of a questionnaire about Taiwanese choir singers’ impressions of Chopin and his music and their experience of listening to excerpts of four different compositions by the composer, while the second part deals with the cultural image of Chopin in Taiwanese books, textbooks and film. The results suggest that the designation ‘poet of the piano’ plays an integral role in Chopin reception in Taiwan. In order to understand how Taiwanese people’s understanding of beauty in poetry can affect their understanding of Chopin’s music, an aesthetic category called yijing, frequently used in literary and art criticism in Taiwan, is introduced in the last part of the article. It seems that the epithet ‘poet of the piano’ encourages Taiwanese people to understand Chopin’s works according to yijing (by seeing imaginary scenes and feeling the expression, they experience the deeper beauty and meaning of the music) and to associate them with poetry representative of that aesthetic category. Moreover, the Taiwanese tend to perceive Chopin’s music as lyrical and sentimental and to consider such qualities as characteristic of his oeuvre.