Syntax Errors Research Articles

Stylistic Errors in Arabic Sentences Writing and Their Factors Among Arab Students Outside the Arab Countries "Malaysia as a Model" Language Acquisition

This study aimed to identify stylistic errors among students of the Global Modern International School (GMIS) school, and to reveal the factors and causes that led to their occurrence. The researcher conducted this study in the second semester of the academic year 2022 AD, using the descriptive analytical approach to analyze errors, describe them and explain their causes, and applied it to a sample of (32) male and female sixth grade primary school students based on a free writing test, and the choice of writing included one topic out of three topics; the first is a trip to the beach, the second is to describe your life in Malaysia, and the third is the importance of the Internet. The most important results reached by this study are: The percentage of the size of the linguistic repertoire among the sample students reached (78%), and the percentage of stylistic errors reached (53%), combined. The total grammatical and morphological errors reached (32%). The total number of spelling errors reached (51%). The most important factors and causes of these errors were psychological factors such as: tension and haste, in addition to the effect of the English language as the language of instruction, and the effect of the Arabic dialects of the sample students, in addition to the lack of reading materials such as books, magazines, and Arabic newspapers, and the lack of time allocated to learning the Arabic language because the Arabic language is just an additional subject in the international Global Modern International School (GMIS) curriculum. Keywords: Stylistic errors, error analysis, Arabic sentence writing, error classification, Arab students

An Analysis Of Linguistic Errors In Scientific Articles Of Indonesian Language Education Students

This study examines linguistic errors in scientific articles written by students from the Indonesian Language Education Study Program at Universitas Malikussaleh. The primary objective is to identify, categorize, and analyze common mistakes that compromise the clarity, coherence, and quality of student writing. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, the research focuses on errors in morphology, syntax, spelling, and punctuation. The data comprises four student-authored scientific articles published in Jurnal Kande, selected through purposive sampling based on criteria such as academic supervision and thematic relevance to Indonesian language education. The analysis reveals recurring issues, including grammatical inaccuracies, improper sentence structures, misused terminology, and spelling and punctuation errors, which diminish the clarity of arguments and affect the credibility of students' scientific communication. By identifying error patterns through content analysis, the study provides insights into their causes and effects, contributing to the existing knowledge of linguistic error analysis. The findings offer practical recommendations for enhancing students' scientific writing skills, which are essential for academic success and future professional growth. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the need for targeted linguistic training and mentorship to improve the quality of scientific writing and highlights the importance of continuous support systems in academic settings to address persistent language errors. It advocates for the implementation of specialized educational strategies to enhance students' writing clarity, accuracy, and professionalism.

Literal or Literary Machine Translation? Case Study: Winnie-The-Pooh

Abstract Despite its widespread commercial use, machine translation has been sparsely employed on literary works, especially on children’s literature. This study focuses on reader comprehension of a chapter from Winnie-the-Pooh translated from English into Romanian using DeepL. Machine translation evaluation should focus not only on fluency and adequacy, but also on how readers perceive the target text. Twenty-five participants have annotated the passages that were difficult to understand and those that were logical but contained grammatical or stylistic errors. The survey ended with three comprehensibility and three MT user opinion questions.

FITE-GAT: Enhancing aspect-level sentiment classification with FT-RoBERTa induced trees and graph attention network

Aspect-level sentiment classification (ASC) aims to predict the sentiment polarity of aspects in a given sentence. Combining syntactic structures with graph neural networks (GNN) has been proven effective in ASC. However, this approach is susceptible to syntactic parsing errors, which may result in erroneous association between aspect words and unrelated terms. In this paper, we propose a novel approach called FT-RoBERTa induced trees Enhanced Graph Attention Network (FITE-GAT), which establishes dependencies between aspect words and sentiment words to reduce the impact of syntactic parsing errors. FITE-GAT leverages the Perturbed Masking method to generate FT-RoBERTa induced trees, guiding the connection between aspect words and sentiment words. Additionally, FITE-GAT utilizes a Graph Attention Network (GAT) under the syntactic constraints of induced trees to assign different weights to dependent edges, preventing irrelevant words from propagating to target aspects. Furthermore, non-aspect masking is employed to obtain sequences that exclusively contain aspect words, eliminating the influence of irrelevant information. Our model effectively learns sentiment information, resulting in improved performance across three different domains. Compared to TDTE-GAT, FITE-GAT improves F1-score by 2.07%, 2.53%, and 1.91% on Laptop, Restaurant, and Twitter datasets. Compared to ASGCN, FITE-GAT enhances F1-score by 2.56%, 2.27%, and 2.66% on the same datasets.

Analisis Kesalahan Berbahasa pada Teks Eksplanasi Karangan Siswa Kelas XI MA Hasyim Asy’ari Jogoroto Tahun Pelajaran 2024/2025

This study aims to examine Indonesian language errors in the explanatory text written by class XI students of MA Hasyim Asy'ari Jogoroto in the 2024/2025 academic year. The focus of the research, namely analyzing Indonesian language errors in the fields of phonology, morophology, syntax, and semantics This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The data source used is the explanatory text written by students. The research subjects were students of class XI IIS 1 MA Hasyim Asy'ari, Jogoroto. The data collection technique in the research is documentation technique. The data analysis technique in the research consists of; (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, and (3) verification and conclusion. The results found consisted of 25 Indonesian language errors including, five phonological errors, 13 morphological errors, five syntactic errors, and two semantic errors. Phonological errors consisted of two capital letters, two punctuation marks, and one phoneme omission. Errors in morphology consist of five nonstandard word writings, two word merging errors, one non-yielding affixation writing, and five affixation writing errors. Syntax errors consisted of two redundant word usage three inappropriate diction choices, and semantic errors consisted of two findings.

Validating the Influences of Methodological Decisions on Assessing the Spatiotemporal Stability of Speech Movement Sequences Using Children's Speech Data.

Prior research introduced quantifiable effects of three methodological parameters (number of repetitions, stimulus length, and parsing error) on the spatiotemporal index (STI) using simulated data. Critically, these parameters often vary across studies. In this study, we validate these effects, which were previously only demonstrated via simulation, using children's speech data. Kinematic data were collected from 30 typically developing children and 15 children with developmental language disorder, all spanning the ages of 6-8 years. All children repeated the sentence "buy Bobby a puppy" multiple times. Using these data, experiments were designed to mirror the previous simulated experiments as closely as possible to assess the effects of analytic decisions on the STI. Experiment 1 manipulated number of repetitions, Experiment 2 manipulated stimulus length (or the number of movement units in the target phrase), and Experiment 3 manipulated precision of parsing of the articulatory trajectories. The findings of all three experiments closely mirror those of the prior simulation. Experiment 1 showed consistent underestimation of STI values from smaller repetition counts consistent with the theoretical model for all three participant groups. Experiment 2 found speech segments containing fewer movements yield lower STI values than longer ones. Finally, Experiment 3 showed even small parsing errors are found to significantly increase measured STI values. The results of this study are consistent with the findings of prior simulations in showing that the number of repetitions, length of stimuli, and amount of parsing error can all strongly influence the STI independent of behavioral factors. These results further confirm the importance of closely considering the design of experiments, which employ the STI.

Statically Contextualizing Large Language Models with Typed Holes

Large language models (LLMs) have reshaped the landscape of program synthesis. However, contemporary LLM-based code completion systems often hallucinate broken code because they lack appropriate code context, particularly when working with definitions that are neither in the training data nor near the cursor. This paper demonstrates that tighter integration with the type and binding structure of the programming language in use, as exposed by its language server, can help address this contextualization problem in a token-efficient manner. In short, we contend that AIs need IDEs, too! In particular, we integrate LLM code generation into the Hazel live program sketching environment. The Hazel Language Server is able to identify the type and typing context of the hole that the programmer is filling, with Hazel's total syntax and type error correction ensuring that a meaningful program sketch is available whenever the developer requests a completion. This allows the system to prompt the LLM with codebase-wide contextual information that is not lexically local to the cursor, nor necessarily in the same file, but that is likely to be semantically local to the developer's goal. Completions synthesized by the LLM are then iteratively refined via further dialog with the language server, which provides error localization and error messages. To evaluate these techniques, we introduce MVUBench, a dataset of model-view-update (MVU) web applications with accompanying unit tests that have been written from scratch to avoid data contamination, and that can easily be ported to new languages because they do not have large external library dependencies. These applications serve as challenge problems due to their extensive reliance on application-specific data structures. Through an ablation study, we examine the impact of contextualization with type definitions, function headers, and errors messages, individually and in combination. We find that contextualization with type definitions is particularly impactful. After introducing our ideas in the context of Hazel, a low-resource language, we duplicate our techniques and port MVUBench to TypeScript in order to validate the applicability of these methods to higher-resource mainstream languages. Finally, we outline ChatLSP, a conservative extension to the Language Server Protocol (LSP) that language servers can implement to expose capabilities that AI code completion systems of various designs can use to incorporate static context when generating prompts for an LLM.

БҮГІНГІ БҰҚАРАЛЫҚ АҚПАРАТ ҚҰРАЛДАРЫ КЕҢІСТІГІНДЕГІ ЛИНГВОЭКОЛОГИЯ МӘСЕЛЕЛЕРІ

The number of mass media outlets in the information space is growing every year, with a particular increase in TV channels, websites, and portals disseminating information in the Kazakh language. A key issue today is not only to expand the quantity of Kazakh-language media but also to enhance the quality of their content. The aim of this research is to analyze the language culture within Kazakh-language media, particularly in the social sphere, to identify shortcomings, and to develop examples that align with the norms of the literary language. This article provides a detailed analysis of the issues related to linguoecology as reflected in the media, offering a comprehensive review of linguistic and stylistic errors, the use of inappropriate language, and the creation of artificial proverbs and sayings. The analysis is grounded in the principles of language culture and literary norms. Examples frequently encountered in media publications and television broadcasts are examined. Furthermore, the article suggests ways to improve the linguistic environment by addressing the influence of extralinguistic factors and provides scientific recommendations for enhancing language use. The research methods employed include analysis, control, and review. The conclusions and insights are particularly relevant for authors, journalists, and broadcasters who produce content in the Kazakh language.

Development of an enhanced educational IDE for 8051/8052 microcontroller

This paper presents and explains the development of an IDE for microcontroller 8051/8052 with new features and functionalities. These features include a built-in editor; a keypad editor and auto enabling/disabling array of buttons for eliminating syntax errors. The implementation of the interrupts is entirely based on the 8052 datasheets by taking into consideration the “Interrupt Priorities” and “Interrupt Enables”. Multiple view windows for internal ram, external ram, program memory and special function register enhance the developed IDE. One-pass cross technique was adopted for the assembling phase. The assembler plays the role of assigning addresses, translating mnemonics, and recognizing errors by considering all the 255 instructions and directives Step-by-step, skip-line debugging, breakpoints to be inserted at any part of the source code have been included to ameliorate the students’ interaction with the system. An option is provided to users to manually create external incoming transmission for triggering purposes. The IDE passes the test and verification processes successfully.

ChatGPT Enhances Programming Skills of Computer Engineering Students

This research paper aims to outline the role of ChatGPT as one artificial intelligence technology that has progressed in depth and positive effect on the field of education and research with highly capable language developed by OpenAI. This technology presents an exciting opportunity for students and educators, including personalize feedback, increased ability accesses, lesson preparation, assessment and new way of teaching complexity such as code correction and completion, automatic syntax error fixing, code snippet suggestion, code refactoring suggestions and optimization, generate of missing code, document, text to code, and answering technical queries. The experimented was adopted with 51 students in final grade of Computer Engineering, Souphanouvong University and selected 30 students in interviews to collect data for analysis and evaluation. The results show that students with using ChatGPT to help in programming they can more understandable by able to explain, giving examples, concepts, technology of complex method, searching related information and technical solving problem, which can improve programming skills and careers in software development in the future. However, students are still concerned about the accuracy of information provided, loss personal interaction, data privacy issue and price.

The terminological problem of rulemaking in the constitutional law of Ukraine (on the example of Article 6 of the Constitution of Ukraine

In the article, on the example of the prescription of Art. 6 of the Constitution of Ukraine raised the problem of terminological conflicts, which is one of the main defects of law-making activity in Ukraine. Emphasis is placed on the special importance of constitutional terms in rulemaking, first of all, at the stage of rulemaking due to the leading importance of constitutional law as the only fundamental branch in the legal system that exerts a systemic influence on the improvement of legislation, the legal system as a whole and lays the legal foundations for the development of a sovereign and independent, a democratic, social, legal state of Ukraine. It is emphasized that the high requirements for the semantic ambiguity of concepts imply the obligation of their scientific study. The principle of scientificity directs a careful study of the nature and content of the concepts used in the rule-making process in correlation with the requirement to observe their semantic compliance with the norms and rules of the Ukrainian language. According to the subject of the scientific analysis, the methodological basis was chosen — the natural legal doctrine with the principles of the rule of law and the distribution of powers. he analysis was carried out within the framework of correlation of the concept of checks and balances, developed on the basis of the idea of legal equality of legislative, executive and judicial powers, with the concept of historical and logical in law. It was concluded that in order to prevent or eliminate terminological and stylistic errors, it is necessary to carry out linguistic examinations of draft laws, to develop language recommendations for the correct use of legal terms and concepts. The Constitution is a source of fundamental terms. Therefore, already at the stage of normative design in constitutional law, key scientifically verified concepts should be defined, since a concept is a concentrated expression of a separate concept, and the practical level of implementation of a concept or theory with positive or negative consequences for society depends on its semantic ambiguity. On the example of the prescription of Art. 6 of the Constitution of Ukraine, a theoretical and methodological substantiation of the content and meaning of the concepts «separation of powers» and «distribution of power» was carried out on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of their nature and content, which made it possible to clarify the essence of the separation of powers as a political and legal doctrine and the essence of the distribution of power as a constitutional principle. The authors came to the conclusion that the concept of «separation of powers» means divided government by interests based on the idea of mixed governance with the aim of ensuring the general interest — political and civil peace in society. The term «separation of power» denotes a mechanism of checks and balances that ensures the stability of the constitutional system, prevents the usurpation of state power and the usurpation of the people’s exclusive right to determine and change the constitutional system in Ukraine. This mechanism is not aimed at taking into account the interests of certain strata, classes, groups or persons in power, but at ensuring a balanced and full-fledged performance by state bodies of their functions and powers within the framework of the legal law. Key word: rulemaking, linguistic examination of bills, constitution, constitutional law, concept, theory, separation of powers, distribution of power, mechanism of checks and balances, mechanism of checks and balances.

Is ‘digital transition’ a syntax error? Purpose, emergence and directionality in a contemporary governance discourse

ABSTRACT An important precondition for responsible innovation is the awareness of directionality: Dynamic innovation processes can take different, more or less favorable, turns. The ongoing wave of digital innovations exemplifies how this directionality challenges societal actors to develop new strategic dispositions. This paper critically examines the ‘digital transition’ as a rather paradoxical ‘knowing of governance’. It appears to refer simultaneously to digital instruments and directed automated futures and to rather spontaneously occurring digitalization. The analysis explores this apparent ‘syntax error’ through academic scholarship, gray literature, as well as newspaper sources. Critical discourse analysis demonstrates how directionality is obscured through various ideological representations of directed transitions but also disclosed through an increasingly rich vocabulary on emergent digitalization issues. Calling attention to the partly purposive, partly emergent nature of the transformation process, the ‘digital transition’ notion can help to express directionality.

КАРАТАЙ САРТБАЕВ – ӨЗ МЕЗГИЛИНИН БИРИНЧИ МУГАЛИМИ

The content of the article is devoted to the works of the famous scientist, professor Karatai Sartbaev. The article classifies the scientist's works for elementary grades. The orthographic and stylistic directions of the scientist's works are considered. The spelling errors of the student when teaching spelling in elementary grades are classified and ways to eliminate them are given. The causes of spelling errors, methods and forms of working with them are shown. Stylistic errors of younger students, methods of working with them, forms and methods are analyzed. The causes of stylistic errors, methods of working with them are given. Spelling, punctuation errors, methods of eliminating them when eliminating stylistic errors are proposed. He devoted more than 64 years of his pedagogical activity to the methods of teaching literacy, reading and writing to children of primary school age, the methods of teaching spelling of the Kyrgyz language, the stylistics of the Kyrgyz language, groups of words, worked on these branches of the Kyrgyz language. language from a theoretical and practical point of view.

Weakly Supervised Exaggeration Transfer for Caricature Generation With Cross-Modal Knowledge Distillation.

Caricature generation aims to translate portrait photos into caricatures with exaggerated and hand-drawn artistic styles. Previous methods faced challenges in creating diverse and meaningful exaggeration effects, yielding unsatisfactory and uncontrollable results. To overcome this, we proposed ETCari, a novel weakly supervised exaggeration transfer network. ETCari enables the learning of diverse exaggeration caricature styles from various artists, better meeting individual customization requirements and achieving diversified exaggeration while retaining identity features. Specifically, we use the thin-plate spline control point deformation field as the ground truth, serving as the loss for weakly supervised learning to address the challenge of no labels. We convert input to an intermediate modality for domain adaptation, training a teacher model. Subsequently, we perform cross-modal knowledge distillation to train the student model, simplifying preprocessing during inference and avoiding the impact of face parser errors. Experiments on the WebCaricature dataset demonstrate that ETCari effectively performs exaggeration transfer, generating appealing caricatures.

Rhymes and Syntax: A Morpho-Syntactic Analysis of Czech Poetry

A linguistically informed distant reading presupposes an adequate performance of Natural Language Processing tools. This article describes our evaluation of the UDPipe parser on a manually annotated sample of nineteenth-century Czech poetry in the following steps: (1) creation of a documented data set for this domain (poetry, nineteenth century, Czech); (2) domain-specific annotation decisions; (3) error analysis. The sample consisted of 29 randomly selected poems which were first automatically tagged and parsed with the UDPipe parser and then manually checked word by word. The following features were checked: word segmentation (chunking), lemmatization, part of speech assignment, assignment of more fine-grained morphological details, the position in the syntactic dependency tree (selection of the syntactic parent), as well as the label of the syntactic relation between the word and its parent. The findings were analyzed. The most typical parser errors are associated with complex noun phrases that contain other noun(s) as modifier(s), especially when these occur in a poetry-specific word order, that is, preposed to the governing noun. On the other hand, neither archaic orthography nor neologisms posed substantial issues.

The development of English language connected speech perception skills: an empirical study on Chinese EFL children.

Connected speech processes (CSPs) occur randomly in everyday conversations of native speakers; however, such phonological variations can bring about challenges for non-native listeners. Looking at CSP literature, there seems to be very few studies that involved young foreign language learners. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the development of connected speech perception skills by focusing on 201 9- to 12-year-old Chinese EFL children. It also incorporated systematic error analysis to further probe into the specific perceptual difficulties. The results indicate that: (1) Despite a significantly ascending trend for the overall growth of perception skills, no significant differences were found between 11 and 12 year olds in elision and contraction, which suggests that the developmental trend varied depending on different CSP types; (2) Although random errors decreased with age, the number of lexicon and syntax errors gradually increased, and the distribution of perceptual errors shifted from the level of words and syllables to that of phonemes; (3) The primary types of errors resulting in the perception difficulties for elision and contraction were consonant errors, grammatical errors and morphology errors. Ergo, this study enhances the understanding of connected speech perception among EFL children and provides some implications for EFL/ESL listening instructions.

Analysis of Syntactic Errors in Writing of Third Semester Students of the Department of English and Literature

Purpose of the study: This research presents the results of research on syntactic errors in writing produced by third semester students of the Department of English and Literature, Alauddin State Islamic University, Makassar. The aim of this research is to identify the dominant types of syntactic errors and provide in-depth insight into the error patterns that frequently occur. Methodology: The research method used is descriptive qualitative by collecting data from students' final written exam sheets. Data collection involved obtaining final writing exam sheets from third semester AG 1&2 students enrolled in the Department of English and Literature at Alauddin State Islamic University Makassar. Main Findings:The analysis results show that the most common syntax errors include omissions, additions, information errors, and ordering errors. Novelty/Originality of this study:The novelty of this research lies in the focus of analyzing syntactic errors during the third semester students studying English and Literature. with a more comprehensive and detailed approach than previous research.

An Analysis of the Most Common L1 Interference Grammar, Vocabulary and Syntax Errors of Lithuanian Learners in Written English

Abstract The paper describes a study on the most common English mistakes among Lithuanians in written tasks on the topic of business and finance. The study was conducted with high school students and university students, and the effectiveness of error feedback in reducing the occurrence of errors was also examined by comparing 2 written texts of each participant. Grammatical errors related to the use of articles and punctuation were found to be the most common types of errors, and feedback on errors was found to be an effective tool in increasing learner motivation and understanding, reducing common errors but not reducing the most common types of errors. The research showed that detailed, personalized feedback can help minimize mistakes in writing assignments, especially if it can be accessed during or in between tasks. However, it is uncertain whether this method will have long-lasting benefits or if improvements are dependent on continual feedback reference. Participants were advised to keep their error feedback forms and utilize teachers’ feedback as a constant guide for improvement. We plan to utilize data on frequently occurring errors to conduct additional research on tackling and enhancing language errors that have become ingrained, employing various strategies. Based on the findings, directions for future research were identified. In the future we intend to carry out a study, using controlled texts with a pre-determined number of errors in diagnostic testing. This would allow us to more precisely analyse learners’ improvements in the use of given structures, through a more extensive research.

Analyzing novice and competent programmers' problem-solving behaviors using an automated evaluation system

Background and ContextIn today's tech-driven world, programming courses are crucial. Yet, teaching programming is challenging, leading to high student failure rates. Understanding student learning patterns is key, but there's a lack of research utilizing tools to automatically collect and analyze interaction data for insights into student performance and behaviors. ObjectivesStudy aims to compare problem-solving behaviors of novice and competent programmers during coding tests, identifying patterns and exploring relationships with program correctness. MethodWe built an online system with programming challenges to collect behavior data from novice and competent programmers. Our system analyzed data using various metrics to explore behavior-program correctness relationships. FindingsAnalysis showed distinct problem-solving behavior patterns. Competent programmers had fewer syntax errors, spent less time fixing bugs, and had higher program correctness. Novices made more syntax errors and spent more time fixing coding errors. Both groups used tabs for code structure, but competent programmers introduced unfamiliar variables more often and commented on them afterward. Emphasizing iterative revisions and active engagement enhances problem-solving skills and programming proficiency. Radar charts are effective for identifying improvement areas in teaching programming. The relationship between behavior and program correctness was positively correlated for competent programmers but not novices. ImplicationsStudy findings have implications for programming education. Radar charts help teachers identify course improvement areas. Novices can learn from competent programmers' behavior. Instructors should encourage continuous skill improvement through revisions and engagement. Identified unfamiliar programming aspects offer insights for targeted learning.

Health Care System Application (Good Care) Android-Based at Primary Health Care (Case Study at Clinic of Wijaya Kusuma)

The development of information systems is currently experiencing very rapid development which we now recognize as the era of digitalization, one of which is in the field of health services. Primary healthcare is a type of medical health service that provides health services to individuals at the first level health service. The problem that most often arises is related to the registration system which is still done manually by recording in the registration book, thereby allowing the risk of errors occurring and the process of searching for visit data taking a long time. This research aims to improve better service for visits so it is necessary a good, systematic and integrated data handling and processing in a developing service system, even at the level of independent health service practice. This research method uses Field Observation, Library Research, Interviews, Study Research Literature (Research Literature Study), System Design, System Implementation and Testing. Application system from syntax errors and functionally produces functions as expected. The health service system application (Good Care) has been tested and can be used so that it can increase the effectiveness and efficiency of health services at the independent doctor's practice at Clinic of Wijaya Kusuma.