Parks In Korea Research Articles

Rewarding Frugality

Abstract This article considers frugality as an important political praxis in South Korea's Park Chung Hee period (1961–79), examining “frugality awards” that encouraged bureaucrats and citizens to practice “ascetic nationalism” in daily life contexts. The authoritarian state attempted to institutionalize frugality, as spending less and saving more became a visual indicator of one's dedication, sacrifice, and alignment with the state's collective vision of fast-paced economic growth. Seemingly mundane activities such as switching off lights and making fewer phone calls became a cultural prescription of the state, with award recommendations evaluating how a civil servant, his family, and their neighbors performed these activities. To become frugal, people strove to control their immediate environment, manage resources, and perform thrift. Administering frugality became a “fingertip” project of the authoritarian state. The state's collective claims on frugality existed in ambivalent relation to capitalist forces, however, as one of the incentives to perform frugality became collecting the reward money, compromising its goals from the inside out.

Analysis of similarity among national parks in Korea: A comparison of habitat composition and species presence–absence data (Lepidoptera, aquatic insects, and higher plants)

AbstractA list of species of Lepidoptera, aquatic insects, and higher plant species inhabiting 22 National parks in Korea was compiled. A similarity analysis was performed to compare all National parks, and cladograms were constructed. In the case of higher plants, those inhabiting the Hallasan region were categorized as a separate group, while the plants living in National parks located near the southern and western coasts formed one group, and other terrestrial National parks were divided into two groups as follows: the Taebaek Mountain range/adjacent mountain group and the others group. Species of Lepidoptera, which appear to be related to plants, in the Hallasan, Taebaeksan, Taeanhaean, and Bukhansan mountains were each classified independently, and those in the Hallyeohaesang, Dadohaehaesang, Naejangsan, and Byeonsanbando in the southern and western parts of Korea were classified as a single group. In case of aquatic insects, those in the Hallasan, Taeanhaean, and Bukhansan region were categorized in independent groups, and other terrestrial National parks were placed in one group with high similarity. A similarity analysis was performed through a detailed classification of the habitats in National parks revealed that marine‐coastal National parks particularly showed low similarity with other mountainous National parks. In addition, other terrestrial National parks were further grouped into large and small National parks. Comparing the subject map that divided Korea into climate, vegetation, and topography, some marine‐coastal National park areas were confirmed to be distinguished from other areas. Furthermore, similarity analysis revealed that Gangwon‐do and Baekdu‐Daegan regions in Gyeongsangbuk‐do were categorized into one group with high similarity.

Notes of Five Wood-Decaying Fungi from Juwangsan National Park in Korea

Wood-decaying fungi are essential decomposers in forest ecosystems. They decompose wood substrates by producing various lignocellulolytic enzymes, which have significant industrial and medical applications. A survey was conducted at the Juwangsan National Park from 2018 to 2019 to determine the diversity of macrofungi in Korea. Five previously unrecorded wood-decaying polyporoid and corticioid fungi were identified among the collected specimens: Eichleriella sinensis, Hymenochaete anomala, Hyphoderma subsetigerum, Lyomyces orientalis, and Pseudowrightoporia crassihypha. These species were identified based on morphological, molecular, and phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and nuclear large subunit rDNA (nLSU) region. In this study, we provide detailed macro- and micro-morphological figures with phylogenetic trees to support the discovery of five new species in Korea.

Newly recorded species of the Family Erebidae (Lepidoptera) collected at Byeonsanbando National Park in Korea

Mocis frugalis (Fabricius, 1775) was collected in Byeonsanbando National Park and reported as a newly recorded species in Korea. This species is known as a major crop pest abroad, and its domestic settlement is unclear.

국내 공중 선형공원의 체험 프로그램 구성 연구 - 서울로7017과 이응다리 사례를 중심으로 -

국내 공중 선형공원의 체험 프로그램 구성 연구 - 서울로7017과 이응다리 사례를 중심으로 -

해상·해안 국립공원에서 수집한 야생조류 폐사체의 체내 중금속농도 분석

This study aimed to investigate the accumulation of heavy metals in wild birds inhabiting marine and coastal national parks in Korea. From February to September 2021, wild bird carcasses were collected from islands in the southern West Sea of Korea: Heuksando, Chilbaldo, Hongdo, Daedundo, Northern West Sea: Mongsanpo Coast and Oeyeondo, and Eastern South Sea: Hongdo, Tongyeong, Gyeongsangnam-do. A total 85 wild bird carcasses from 40 species in 20 families were analyzed for heavy metal concentration including lead, arsenic, chromium, cadmium, manganese, nickel, copper, and zinc. The levels of copper, cadmium, arsenic, lead, and manganese showed significant differences among each species, and each avian species that has over five carcasses collected exhibited the correlation between the species. The analysis between species with similar habitats but ecologically different showed that the concentration of heavy metals measured in this study was comparable or relatively low compared to the previous studies. This study would provide fundamental data to understand the extent of heavy metal exposure in wild birds and its impact on wild birds.

Seven Unrecorded Indigenous Fungi from Mudeungsan National Park in Korea

Fungi act as important decomposers in the forest environment. They recycle essential nutrients, promote plant growth through mycorrhizal relationships, and act as food for small animals. Samples of 265 indigenous fungal species were collected from Mudeungsan National Park in 2020. These species were identified based on morphological, molecular, and phylogenetic analyses using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), nuclear large subunit rRNA (LSU), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) regions. Subsequently, seven species were identified as unrecorded species in Korea: Cordyceps cicadae, Dentocorticium bicolor, Hymenochaete nanospora, Physisporinus crataegi, Rigidoporus piceicola, Russula raoultii, and Scutellinia crinita. This study reveals their detailed macro- and microscopic morphological characteristics with phylogenetic trees to report them as unrecorded species in Korea.

Ecological Design and Construction Strategies through Life Cycle Assessment of Carbon Budget for Urban Parks in Korea

Although urban parks sequester carbon by vegetation growth, they emit carbon due to materials production, transport, construction, management, demolition, and disposal throughout their life cycle. This study estimated the carbon budget of urban parks over their life cycle according to land cover type and explored ecological design and construction strategies to maximize carbon reduction. After setting up the scope of the life cycle, the energy and material used for each stage were analyzed on the basis of field survey, design and construction details, and literature review of 30 study parks. The net carbon uptake per unit of park area averaged 8.51 kg/m2, with urban parks playing an important role as a source of carbon uptake to mitigate the climate change. This study suggested ecological design and construction strategies including the expansion of tree planting spaces through the minimization of grass and impervious areas, the minimization of changes to existing topography, and the utilization of local materials. As a result of applying these strategies to study parks, the net carbon uptake increased approximately 9.2 times. These study results are expected to be useful as information for the implementation of carbon-neutral policies and greenspace establishment projects.

공원 이슈에 대한 주요 언론의 담론변화분석† - 1995년부터 2019년까지 신문 기사를 중심으로 -

Parks became essential to people after the introduction of modern parks in Korea. Following mayoral elections by popular vote, issues surrounding parks, such as the creation of parks, have arisen and have been publicized by the media, allowing for the formation of discourse. Accordingly, this study conducted a topic analysis by collecting news articles from major media outlets in Korea that addressed issues related to parks since 1995, after the introduction of mayoral elections by popular vote, and analyzed changes over time in the discourse on parks through semantic network analysis. As a result of a Latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling analysis, the following five topics were classified: urban park expansion (Topic 1), historical and cultural parks (Topic 2), use programs (Topic 3), zoo event (Topic 4), and conflicts in the park creation process (Topic 5). The park-related discourse addressed by the media is as follows. First, the creation process and conflicts regarding the quantitative expansion of parks are treated as the central discourse. Second, the names of parks appear as keywords every time a new park is created, and they are mentioned continuously from then on, thereby playing an important role in the formation of discourse. Third,

A study on the recognition of Korea National Park by using social network analysis based on big data

The purpose of this studies to generate the tourist's perception of National Park in Korea by using social network analysis based on big data. Data were gathered from Naver, Daum, and Google as analysis of data channels. The search period was limited to three years from Jan.1, 2018, to Dec.31, 2020. a total of 30,183 text data were collected by using the Textom program, and keywords analysis and frequency analysis of the data collected through text mining was performed to identify Korea National park. Density analysis, network concentration analysis, centrality analysis, and CONCOR analysis were performed using the Ucinet 6 program. As a result, first, various keywords related to Korea National Park such as ‘National Park Service, Ministry of Environment, hiking, trail, travel, sunrise, picture, autumn, sunset, beautiful’ were extracted. Second, as a result of CONCOR analysis, finally, 4 groups were formed. Confidently, this study discussed the implications of a marketing strategy for Korea’s National Parks as a result of the semantic network analysis study. Therefore, the activation of National Park, which is a typical tourism form of sustainable tourism, is expected to be an alternative to the tourism industry in Korea.

Application of Forest Bird Naturalness Index for Evaluating Biodiversity in National Parks in Korea

Application of Forest Bird Naturalness Index for Evaluating Biodiversity in National Parks in Korea

Comparison of Accuracy of Surface Temperature Images from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Satellite for Precise Thermal Environment Monitoring of Urban Parks Using In Situ Data

Rapid urbanization has led to several severe environmental problems, including so-called heat island effects, which can be mitigated by creating more urban green spaces. However, the temperature of various surfaces differs and precise measurement and analyses are required to determine the “coolest” of these. Therefore, we evaluated the accuracy of surface temperature data based on thermal infrared (TIR) cameras mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which have recently been utilized for the spatial analysis of surface temperatures. Accordingly, we investigated land surface temperatures (LSTs) in green spaces, specifically those of different land cover types in an urban park in Korea. We compared and analyzed LST data generated by a thermal infrared (TIR) camera mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and LST data from the Landsat 8 satellite for seven specific periods. For comparison and evaluation, we measured in situ LSTs using contact thermometers. The UAV TIR LST showed higher accuracy (R2 0.912, root mean square error (RMSE) 3.502 °C) than Landsat TIR LST accuracy (R2 value lower than 0.3 and RMSE of 7.246 °C) in all periods. The Landsat TIR LST did not show distinct LST characteristics by period and land cover type; however, grassland, the largest land cover type in the study area, showed the highest accuracy. With regard to the accuracy of the UAV TIR LST by season, the accuracy was higher in summer and spring (R2 0.868–0.915, RMSE 2.523–3.499 °C) than in autumn and winter (R2 0.766–0.79, RMSE 3.834–5.398 °C). Some land cover types (concrete bike path, wooden deck) were overestimated, showing relatively high total RMSEs of 4.439 °C and 3.897 °C, respectively, whereas grassland, which has lower LST, was underestimated—showing a total RMSE of 3.316 °C. Our results showed that the UAV TIR LST could be measured with sufficient reliability for each season and land cover type in an urban park with complex land cover types. Accordingly, our results could contribute to decision-making for urban spaces and environmental planning in consideration of the thermal environment.

A Landslide Monitoring System for Natural Terrain in Korea: Development and Application in Hazard Evaluations.

This study describes the development of a landslide monitoring system for the purpose of reducing damages caused by landslides in natural terrain. The system was developed to analyze the effects of landslide-inducing rainfall and the behavior of slopes through 12 monitoring stations that are distributed across eight national parks in Korea. Several sensors and a data acquisition equipment to monitor landslide were installed in each station. The composition of the system and its operating program were designed to efficiently manage the sizeable amounts of real-time monitoring data that are collected from the various stations. To test the potential of the developed system for reliable landslide hazard evaluations, data measured over a five-year period by the two monitoring stations in Jirisan National Park were analyzed. Subsequently, the suction stress of the soil over the monitoring period was calculated by applying laboratory test result of the geotechnical and unsaturated soil properties in the analysis domain area. The infinite slope stability analysis combined with an effective stress concept based on the suction stress was applied to calculate the factor of safety. This method also enabled the temporal and quantitative evaluation of slope stability in natural terrain. In addition, based on the monitoring and slope stability analysis results, an analysis for the spatial classification of landslide hazards was conducted. The analysis results quantitatively and statistically demonstrated that 98% of historical landslide initiation areas were classified as high hazard levels.

Bryophyte flora of Gayasan Mountain National Park in Korea

Bryophyte flora of Gayasan Mountain National Park in Korea

Lens on International Clinical Supervision: Lessons Learned from a Cross-National Comparison of Supervision

Clinical supervision is an essential mechanism for training psychologists internationally. But although it is performed globally, scholarship has primarily addressed it through the lens of Western supervision practices. The authors of this manuscript aspired to an alternative lens, that of enlightened globalization (Kim and Park in Korea J 44(2):30–51, 2007), to compare supervision practices in the U.S. and six countries that have been less studied—China, Guatemala, Mexico, South Korea, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates. Although the Guidelines for Supervision of Health Service Psychologists (American Psychological Association [APA] in http://www.apa.org/about/policy/guidelines-supervision.pdf , 2014, Am Psychol 70(1):33–46, 2015) provided the framework for examining cross-national practices, they were not imposed as standards for all but rather as a springboard for inquiry. The final comparisons addressed areas of regulation and supervisor competence, ethical and legal factors, supervisory multicultural factors, the supervisory relationship, supervisees with problems of professional competence, and assessment, evaluation, and feedback. Cultural differences identified include forms of communication (direct, implicit, explicit), the supervision hierarchy, manifestations of respect, power, and the cultural relevance of regulation, gatekeeping, evaluation, and feedback. The article concludes by using the results of these analyses to propose a definition of clinical supervision that could be appropriate for all seven countries and presumably most other countries as well.

Assessing Tradeoffs between Development and Conservation: A Case of Land Use Change in a National Park of Korea

Protected areas are places that provide diverse ecosystem services, including cultural ecosystem services. At the same time, the development and unbalanced use of natural resources in protected areas often create environmental threats and social conflicts. This study estimates the economic value of environmental consequences derived from the construction of an airport in a national park in Korea. We employ a discrete choice experiment to assess economic values and consider a key part of the tradeoffs derived from the airport construction at Heuksan Island of Dadohae Marine National Park in Korea. The results show that social benefits related to improved accessibility and tourism opportunities would be generated but at substantial costs resulting from environmental degradation and the reduction in bird populations. A segmentation analysis also reveals that heterogeneous preferences exist based on variables reflecting individuals’ visit experiences and trust in the government. The findings indicate that considering environmental impacts is important when evaluating the feasibility of a development project in a protected area.

Six New Recorded Species of Macrofungi on Gayasan National Park in Korea

Six New Recorded Species of Macrofungi on Gayasan National Park in Korea

Floristic study of Byeonsanbando National Park in Korea

변산반도국립공원을 대상으로 2018ë „ë„ 3월부터 10월까지 총 33일에 걸쳐 조사를 수행하였다. 증거 표본과 사진을 바탕으로 작성한 관속식물은 141ê³¼ 458속 748ì¢ 16ì•„ì¢ 59ë³€ì¢ 6í’ˆì¢ ì˜ 총 829분류군으로 기록되었다. 이 중 ë©¸ì¢ ìœ„ê¸°ì‹ë¬¼ì€ ë ¸ëž‘ë¶“ê½ƒ, 삼백초(식재) 등 2분류군이 í™•ì¸ë˜ì—ˆê³ , 희귀식물은 ë¯¸ì„ ë‚˜ë¬´, ê¸ˆí„¸ê³ ì‚¬ë¦¬ 등 5분류군이 관찰되었다. 한반도 ê³ ìœ ì‹ë¬¼ì€ ë¶‰ë ¸ëž‘ìƒì‚¬í™”, ë³€ì‚°í–¥ìœ , 변산바람꽃 등 17분류군이 ì¡°ì‚¬ë˜ì—ˆê³ , ì‹ë¬¼êµ¬ê³„í•™ì  íŠ¹ì •ì‹ë¬¼ì¢ ì€ III–V등급에 해당하는 52분류군이 확인되었다. 귀화식물은 총 79 분류군으로 ìƒíƒœê³„êµëž€ì¢ ì€ 돼지풀, 가시상추, 양미역취 등 7분류군이 확인되었다. 기후변화 ì·¨ì•½ì¢ ì€ 총 39 분류군이 ë¶„í¬í•˜ì˜€ê³ , 북방계 2분류군, 남방계 10분류군, 관심식물은 27분류군으로 확인되었다. 기존 조사에서는 확인되지 않았으나, 본 조사를 통해 새롭게 밝혀진 분류군은 186분류군이었다. 주요어: 변산반도국립공원, 식물상, ë©¸ì¢ ìœ„ê¸° 및 희귀식물, 특산식물, 귀화식물

Bryophyte flora of Taebaeksan Mountain National Park in Korea

We investigated the bryophyte flora of the Gayasan Mountain National Park in Korea by conducting 18 field surveys in from April of 2009 to November of 2016 at various sites on the mountains. During the surveys, we discovered 204 taxa comprising 57 families, 106 genera, 199 species, 2 subspecies, and 3 varieties. Among these, 145 species were reported as new to the flora of Gayasan Mountain. A checklist based on a study of 903 specimens is provided. The most notable species recorded during the surveys were the rare bryophytes Hattoria yakushimensis (Horik.) R. M. Schust., Nipponolejeunea pilifera (Steph.) S. Hatt., Drepanolejeunea angustifolia (Mitt.) Grolle, Lejeuena otiana S. Hatt., Cylindrocolea recurvifolia (Steph.) Inoue and Pogonatum contortum (Menzies ex Brid.) Lesq.

북한산국립공원 탐방로 소리등급도 제작 연구

The soundscape of national parks play an important role in preserving habitats and providing relaxation to visitors. However, several national parks in Korea are surrounded by large cities and sound emissions from the road traffic of these adjoining cities. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed the acoustical-environmental factors and described the sound grade classifications of the Bukhansan National Park Trails, located in Seoul, for managing the soundscape. The acoustical factor measurements were carried out in five sections (15 ㎞) of the national park along with a mobile application (rambler) for collecting trail GIS data. Environmental factors including building coverage ratio, longitudinal distance from the road, and green coverage ratio were obtained from a Seoul biotope map and digital map data. The sound grades of trails were classified using 4 factors, which were extracted from a factor analysis on 13 variables and 757 sites. Moreover, for grouping the sound grades, the K-means method was used to examine the characteristics of the five groups.