Parking Situations Research Articles

어린이통학버스 법 개정에 따른 외국인학교 관련자 사례 연구 - 정책 불순응 이론을 중심으로 -

This study examined whether the revision of the School Bus Act is being applied smoothly, focusing on international school-related persons. To this end, in-depth interviews were conducted, and the contents were analyzed using Combs(1980)'s theory of policy non-compliance. As a result of the analysis, first, when the policy-related department was provided with unclear guidelines and could not find a place to inquire about detailed policy details, all showed communication-related non-compliance. Second, when a vehicle structure change had to be made with own money to meet the operating standards of school bus, when there was a concern about economic losses due to not being covered by insurance when a vehicle problem related to a structural change occurs, and when there was a limit on the number of passengers working due to the lack of foreign language support during mandatory safety training for school buses, all showed resource-related non-compliance. Third, policy-related non-compliance is stipulated by law, but faith non-compliance has occurred in the workplace, where there is no effect or adverse effect when trying to keep it in the field. Fourth, behavior-related non-compliance occurred when the driver and the guardian repeatedly experienced illegal parking situations when the student got on or off. Finally, authority-related non-compliance occurred when participants in the children's school bus thought that their interests would be intertwined in the way policymakers hastily revised the law by indiscriminately accepting provisions or foreign cases that enforce the economic burden.

A158: Research on the Realistic Dilemma and Practical Path of Chinese Community Sports Park

Background/Objective: As an important part of the national fitness public service system, community sports parks are a key step to promote the successful implementation of the strategy of sports power and healthy China. Since the 14th Five-Year Plan, policies to promote the development of community sports parks have been frequently implemented, but the development and construction of some community sports parks are still not ideal. Therefore, this study examined the existing problems through investigation and research on the current situation of community sports parks, and puts forward targeted solutions to provide a reference for the sustainable development of community sports parks. Methods: Employing CNKI as the database, the search keywords included "community sports park,” “national fitness space.” Literature sources were sourced from SCI, SSCI, and the Peking University Core. Investigations were conducted on community sports parks in Shanghai, Chengdu, Chongqing, and other places, summarizing the existing problems of community sports parks in China. Results: Through investigation and analysis, it concludes that there are problems in four aspects of community sports parks in China: system dilemma (the relevant resources are not in place, and the development momentum is insufficient, such as lack of standardized policies, land and capital are in short supply); construction dilemma (the design concept is lagging behind, and the supporting facilities are not perfect, such as the design is not involved in the operation, the functional area of the park and the rest area are few); governance dilemma (the management system is not perfect, and the degree of wisdom is low, such as the single manager, fewer intelligent facilities, the "digital divide" problem of the elderly); service dilemma (the supply content is relatively simple, and the demand is difficult to meet, such as fewer types of sports services, and the sports demand of the whole population is not covered). Conclusion/Discussion: Based on the research review, this study systematically examined the existing problems of community sports parks from the perspectives of macro system, meso mechanism, and micro practice, so as to explore their development paths in a targeted way, and puts forward practical paths that can promote the sustainable development of the parks: improve the top-level system design and introduce market mechanisms; adhere to the people-oriented concept and improve the supporting facilities; mobilize multiple subjects to participate and build a digital platform; and implement differentiated supply to meet the needs of the masses.

Development of a Cell-Based Pre-Transfer Learning Model and an Electrochemical Analysis-Based Remaining-Useful-Life Prediction Model for Large Scale Battery Pack in Fast Charging Condition

The California ACC2 to be established in 2026 specifies the accuracy and warranty period for state-of-health (SOH). The regulations newly established that, unlike electric vehicles BMS information on the current market trend, consumers must mark their vehicles without additional specialized diagnostic equipment, and recall will be made if the SOH and actual measurements of randomly selected vehicles do not meet the accuracy of less than 5%.In this paper, through the previous literature analysis, it was confirmed that the algorithm is required to be verified based on actual road driving data, not verification in the experimental stage performed in the LAB scale, and in order to efficiently estimate the battery state based on the SW technique specified in ACC2, it was confirmed that a methodology that can be applied in real-time situations is required to minimize the basic test data required for state diagnosis. And then, the estimated SOH in real-time simulation is utilized for learning data set for predicting the RUL using transfer learning based on LSTM (Long short term memory) and cell scale aging data. Therefore, in this paper, the data of the electric vehicle that was actually driven is acquired as shown in the figure and the estimated SOH is estimated based on the data.A study was conducted to compare and evaluate the RUL (Remaining-useful-life) value of the actual battery pack by removing the battery pack of the driven vehicle and to verify and analyze it by comparing it with the predicted RUL. In addition, in order to overcome the problem of the partial current integration method applicable in a parking situation, a methodology that can be integrated with a model-based algorithm using electro chemical signal is proposed, and for this purpose, the characteristics and reference points of the test data-based battery are proposed.[Acknowledgements]This paper was conducted with the support of Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy in 2024 (P0021883, Implementation of on-board grade estimation for EV battery using database and verifying re-use applications with used batteries) Figure 1

A Study on the Construction Mechanism and High-quality Development Path of Jiaxing Agricultural Science and Technology Park

Agricultural science and technology park has deduced a brand-new economic development model in the era of science and technology agriculture, created a new economic form of science and technology agriculture industry, and will become the mainstream of agricultural development in the 21st century. Promoting the construction mechanism of agricultural science and technology parks is to show and demonstrate the achievements of advanced agricultural technology and management mode, and to use its demonstration effect to exert the radiation influence effect from point to area, so as to further promote the structural reform of agricultural supply side and promote the high-quality development of regional agricultural economy. Therefore, this paper intends to fully understand the present situation of Jiaxing Agricultural Science and Technology Park by exploring its construction mechanism, so as to provide effective reference for planning the high-quality development path of Jiaxing Agricultural Science and Technology Park, and combine the current market agriculture situation to build the agricultural science and technology park with high standards and high quality, so as to scientifically guide farmers to adjust agricultural structure according to market orientation, innovate agricultural service system, and change agricultural organization mode, thus improving the degree of marketization, industrialization, informationization, standardization and extroversion of agriculture.

Research on Life Cycle Quality Evaluation of Urban and Rural Distribution Intelligent Logistics Park Development

In urban and rural distribution, intelligent logistics parks are crucial, and the life cycle is the key to the long-term development of intelligent logistics parks. This paper combines the actual situation of urban and rural distribution intelligent logistics parks, through literature analysis, questionnaire research, etc., using the AHP and gray correlation method to systematically construct a life cycle development quality evaluation system and evaluation scheme for urban and rural distribution intelligent logistics parks that is operable, quantifiable and comparable, and innovatively starts from the digitization, intelligence and greening of urban and rural distribution intelligent logistics parks, and divides the evaluation system is divided into five major aspects (infrastructure and planning, operation management and service, intelligentization level, environmental impact and sustainable development, economic and social benefits). After analyzing the advantages and shortcomings of various single evaluation methods, through the combination and improvement of hierarchical analysis method and gray correlation method, it provides certain theoretical basis and methods with practicality and universality for the evaluation of the development quality of urban and rural distribution intelligent logistics parks, so that urban and rural distribution intelligent logistics parks can carry out the evaluation of the development life in an operable, quantitative and comparative way through this evaluation method, to understand their own This will enable the urban and rural distribution intelligent logistics parks to carry out development life evaluation in an operable, quantifiable and comparable way through this evaluation method, so that they can understand their own level and find out the deficiencies, so that they can clearly define the direction of improvement of the quality of logistics and improve their own level of development

Research on Strategies to Address Urban Parking Issues in China

In the process of urbanization in China, the scarcity of land resources has led to an increasingly prominent contradiction between the growth of automobile stocks and parking space availability. The escalating number of private vehicles has become a significant contributor to traffic congestion. This paper aims to delve into the issue of urban parking difficulties and explore associated management strategies. Firstly, through a literature analysis approach, a comprehensive examination of domestic and international parking problems is conducted, revealing a severe situation in China that necessitates the formulation of pertinent strategies. Secondly, case studies on different regions are undertaken from the perspectives of current parking situations and management countermeasures, providing valuable insights and references for addressing China's parking challenges. In response to urban parking difficulties, this paper proposes two strategies: first, "source expansion" by increasing the supply of parking spaces, and second, "streamlining" by restricting private vehicle access. To address parking challenges, strategies such as constructing landscape eco-parking lots, intelligent multi-level garages, developing smart parking systems, and implementing tidal parking are suggested. Additionally, shared parking is considered an effective method to reduce the number of privately owned vehicles in urban areas. Furthermore, resolving urban parking issues should prioritize social benefits, advocate environmentally friendly transportation, and encourage more residents to enjoy higher-quality urban travel experiences.

SIMULATION OF GROUNDWATER POLLUTION IN A FACTORY BASED ON VISUAL MODFLOW

The groundwater pollution situation of an industrial park in Mengzhou City, Henan province was simulated to provide reference for groundwater pollution migration and prevention. Through various experiments and hydrogeological surveys to obtain basic parameters for simulation work, this paper uses Visual Modflow software to establish groundwater numerical model in the study area, and on this basis, MT3DMS module is used to simulate solute transport of leaked pollutants COD and NH3-N. In this paper, solute transport is simulated under two working conditions: under abnormal working conditions, the influence range and maximum transport distance of pollutants in sewage transport pipeline leakage without seepage prevention measures; Sewage transport pipeline leakage but seepage prevention measures in the case of pollutant diffusion.

A Smart Real-Time Parking Control and Monitoring System.

Smart parking is an artificial intelligence-based solution to solve the challenges of inefficient utilization of parking slots, wasting time, congestion producing high CO2 emission levels, inflexible payment methods, and protecting parked vehicles from theft and vandalism. Nothing is worse than parking congestion caused by drivers looking for open spaces. This is common in large parking lots, underground garages, and multi-story car parks, where visibility is limited and signage can be confusing or difficult to read, so drivers have no idea where available parking spaces are. In this paper, a smart real-time parking management system has been introduced. The developed system can deal with the aforementioned challenges by providing dynamic allocation for parking slots while taking into consideration the overall parking situation, providing a mechanism for booking a specific parking slot by using our Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based application, and providing a mechanism to ensure that the car is parked in its correct place. For the sake of providing cost flexibility, we have provided two technical solutions with cost varying. The first solution is developed based on a motion sensor and the second solution is based on a range-finder sensor. A plate detection and recognition system has been used to detect the vehicle's license plate by capturing the image using an IoT device. The system will recognize the extracted English alphabet and Hindu-Arabic Numerals. The proposed solution was built and field-tested to prove the applicability of the proposed smart parking solution. We have measured and analyzed keen data such as vehicle plate detection accuracy, vehicle plate recognition accuracy, transmission delay time, and processing delay time.

Urban park planning and design strategies based on sponge city concept

In recent years, people have increasingly attached importance to the application of sponge city theory in urban planning, but often overlooked the urban water regulation role played by urban parks. This paper analyzes the connotation and relationship between sponge cities and urban parks, lists the planning principles of urban parks, and proposes design strategies for sponge urban parks. In the planning and design process of sponge urban parks, rainwater management can be optimized by facilities, vegetation planting methods can be improved, and these can be combined with the current situation of urban parks to build a strong organizational and efficient green rainwater management system. This system not only ensures the viewing effect of the garden, but also effectively recycles and utilizes natural rainwater to form a complete sponge network, effectively promoting the construction of sustainable sponge urban parks.

Parking behaviour under the influence of alcohol

Real-life driving studies evaluating the impact of alcohol influence on the ability to park a car are rare but necessary to assess a possible impairment to drive a car in the event of prosecution. In this study, 29 test persons (13 m, 16 f) completed three test drives with real cars, each made up of three different parking situations. While four test persons remained sober, the majority drank a previously calculated amount of alcohol before the second drive; the aim was to reach a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 1.1 g/kg. The third drive took place about 2 h later without any further ingestion of alcohol. The impact of BAC on the number of accidents, time needed to finish the drive, the amount of correction moves and quality of the final parking position (in the centre of the parking space) were analysed. Furthermore, pressure measuring films were applied to the test cars, measuring the average pressure and load in the areas of the accident impact. A significant increase of accidents could be noted with rising BAC. While a single accident happened to both sober and drivers under the influence of alcohol, more than one accident was only seen in drivers after the ingestion of alcohol (> 0.63 g/kg). The BAC had no impact on the other considered aspects. Concludingly, more than one impact site or accident while parking a car can serve as an indication for alcohol impairment of the driver at the time of the accident.

Collaborative Parking Management in Constanta: The Role of Public Policies and Citizen Participation

This research focuses on Collaborative Parking Management in Constanta, Romania, examining the role of public policies and citizen participation in improving the availability and quality of parking spaces. The study's general objective is to evaluate citizens' perceptions of parking spaces in Constanta and identify potential solutions to improve the current situation. To achieve this, the study outlines six specific objectives, including analyzing parking space availability, evaluating the quality of parking infrastructure, examining opinions on parking regulation and costs, investigating the impact on the environment, assessing the influence on vehicle and pedestrian safety, and identifying solutions for parking management improvement. The research tool utilized for this study was an online questionnaire, which included six dimensions related to parking space availability and quality, regulation and costs, impact on the environment, and safety, as well as a section for participants to make recommendations. This study aims to provide insight into the current state of parking in Constanta and offer practical solutions for improving the parking situation through collaboration between citizens and policymakers.

Relieve Fatigue by Socializing in Sidoarjo City Park

City parks are one of the green open public spaces. The development of city parks gives meaning to the community because city people who are busy working very rarely interact. The existence of a city park as a public space provides movement for the community to be able to interact with other individuals. In Sidoarjo, there is a City Park called Abhirama Park. The Park is strategically located with easy access. This research aims to analyze the development of city parks as a space for interaction in the Sidoarjo community. The research results are regarding the situation of the Sidoarjo city park, as for the views of the people of Sidoarjo regarding the existence of parks and the various functions of city parks. The method used is qualitative, with data collection through interviews, observation, and documentation. This study uses the theory of Herbert Mead regarding symbolic interaction.

Parking enforcement - support for parking management

Parking management is used to balance the supply and demand for parking. Furthermore, it is used to limit the traffic demand and enable the efficient functioning of the traffic network. However, street parking regulations are uneasy to enforce. In almost all cities in Serbia, parking on the street does not work in the desired way. Many drivers park on prohibited places. Those who park on regular places where one of the restrictive regimes applies, often do so without paying and/or exceeding the prescribed time limit. Poor functioning of the enforcement system was recognized as one of the main causes for the poor parking condition. Parking enforcement represents a reaction to non-compliance with the prescribed parking regimes. For adequate reaction, it is necessary to understand the causes and patterns of such drivers behavior. Therefore, we need to investigate the connection between non-compliance with the parking regime and the control and sanctioning of violations. The analysis of the parking situation in three cities in Serbia assessed the extent and consequences of non-compliance with the parking regime on street parking places. In addition, it determined the causes of insufficient efficiency of the system for controlling and sanctioning parking violations. We proposed possible directions and measures for mitigating these problems. As argument, we pointed out positive experiences and effects from cities in Europe and the world that implemented those measures.

Lateral Vehicle Trajectory Planning Using a Model Predictive Control Scheme for an Automated Perpendicular Parking System

This article proposes a lateral vehicle trajectory planning and control algorithm using a model predictive control (MPC) scheme for an automated perpendicular parking system. Previous work showed that approximated clothoid-based local path planning using a virtual towing distance provides low computational time and the stability of lateral vehicle motion in a parking system. However, this approach cannot function in certain parking situations and may cause undesirable steering maneuvers due to state-dependent planning. We present a new approximated clothoid path based on lateral vehicle kinematics to cope with these problems. Using the proposed kinematic model, we formulate an MPC problem for path planning. Then, the proposed lateral vehicle trajectory planning becomes an MPC problem under constraints. Besides, we show that lateral vehicle motion for vertical parking can be implemented using simple kinematic lateral motion control. Experimental results show that the vehicle with the proposed method moves smoothly and completes the given parking mission under constraints, even under tight parking space conditions.

Governance of hutong parking problems in Beijing: Analysis from a perspective of policy tools

When managing the parking issue in Beijing’s Old City, finding a fair balance between space planning and parking demand is the most difficult challenge. Numerous policy studies on parking in Beijing’s hutongs have been conducted, with a massive number of studies aiming to develop parking devices utilizing new technologies and methods, proposing parking plans from a holistic perspective, etc. However, there is currently a scarcity of research focusing on a mix of policy tools. This paper investigates the challenging parking situation in Beijing’s hutongs, drawing on the classification proposed by Hood. Specifically, we collected 54 relevant articles from the official websites of Dongcheng and Xicheng Districts. Furthermore, we carefully read the document, extracted the keywords that indicate the four types of instruments, and classified all the policy texts into four categories based on Hood’s classification. Next, we correspond these keywords to the policy documents. Finally, we categorized the policy documents according to keywords hits in titles and counted the articles in each category in two urban areas. In conjunction with the above, this paper tries to determine which combination of policy tools can successfully improve the hutong parking problem during the implementation phase.

Investigating the Usage Patterns of Park Visitors and Their Driving Factors to Improve Urban Community Parks in China: Taking Jinan City as an Example

Urban community parks have significant benefits for city residents, both physical and spiritual. This is especially true in developing countries, such as China. The purpose of our study is to describe the current situation of the community parks in five main districts of Jinan City while recognizing features of the community parks that influence usage patterns. Our study also means to determine the desired improvements of visitors that promote access to and use of community parks on the basis of the Chinese context. We conducted a survey among 542 community park visitors and obtained valid responses. The findings of respondents show that community parks are mostly used by people over 55 years (34.7%) and children under 10 years (23.6%). The main motives for using community parks are for exercise (24.2%) and to socialize with others (21.6%). The majority of respondents (65.7%) rated the community park as satisfactory and considered only a few improvements needed. Regarding the desired improvements, numerous respondents mentioned adding more physical training facilities (13.3%) and activity areas (7.6%), as well as emergency call buttons in areas frequented by children and older people (7.6%). Furthermore, most of the respondents (79.9%) indicated that they would like to use the community parks more frequently if there is additional progress to make the parks more attractive, cleaner, and friendlier. These results can help park designers, government agencies, and community groups to provide the planning and design strategies for community parks to promote their upgrading in China.

A Comprehensive Evaluation of Environmental Quality for Health Ecotourism in Huangshan National Forest Park

In recent years, people’s life rhythm is fast due to which life pressure is increasing, and the ecological environment is seriously polluted. All these factors contribute to serious physical and mental health issues, posing a direct threat to people’s health. Due to these factors, health tourism and recreational tourism of traditional Chinese medicine pay more attention. In this paper, Huangshan National Forest Park is selected as the actual research object, and the environmental quality of healthy ecotourism is analyzed according to the current situation of the forest park. It employs the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to identify 12 different indicators of ecotourism’s environmental quality. It establishes a comprehensive evaluation index system for the ecotourism environmental quality, as well as an evaluation model based on this system. Furthermore, a comprehensive evaluation model is established using the fuzzy math analysis method, and five levels of standards are established to judge the level of ecodevelopment of the Huangshan National Forest Health and Maintenance. By calculating the weight of each index in the evaluation system, the result of a comprehensive evaluation is 75.92 points, which is in the good grade. The experimental results show that the eco-environmental resources in Huangshan National Forest Park are of higher quality. The planned landscape is more attractive, the eco-environmental area is larger, the cleanliness of the air in the forest park is higher, and the service personnel have higher cultural literacy.

Study on Internal Traffic Organization Modes for Underground Parking Systems in the Urban Central Business District

As a result of urban land shortage and saturation, the development and construction of underground parking have become an inevitable trend of current social development. This paper describes both the concept and construction necessity of underground parking system by analyzing the current status of the parking situation in urban central business district (CBD). According to several case studies for the building of underground parking system around the world, four different layouts such as ridge-like, ring, radial, and network for underground parking systems are proposed. The internal channel of an underground parking system consists of primary and secondary channels and the internal channel setting of the underground parking system is directly related to the organization of the internal traffic flow. The setting of underground vehicle lanes and underground parking units in the system is considered to determine the internal traffic organization of four layout modes of an underground parking system. The findings of this research provide both theoretical and technical support for the planning and design of underground parking system.

Analysis of Need & Design of Parking Infrastructure in Traffic Prone Areas

In this project we describe the need of parking facility in Railway Station areas of Panvel city. Now a day, people & vehicles has increased in urban cities causing increment in population of Panvel City. This leads to problems in transportation system like traffic jams, increase in pollution and limited space for parking. Nowadays there is lot of traffic congestion in the railway station area. As the population is increasing day by day in the urban areas the parking facilities does not meet the supply of traffic. Which leads the users to park along roadside creating congestion for other users as well as traffic congestion. The need for parking facilities is essential in such congested areas of railway station. The questionnaire survey and detailed analysis of traffic survey and parked vehicle count are carried out to know the seriousness of parking problems in current parking situation and likewise the Proposal and solutions are put forward. KEY WORDS: Parking problem, Panvel City, Traffic congestion, Smart parking, Time-Delay

Deep-Learning-Based Parking Area and Collision Risk Area Detection Using AVM in Autonomous Parking Situation

In this paper, I propose a bird eye view image detection method for parking areas and collision risk areas at the same time in parking situations. Deep learning algorithms using area detection and semantic segmentation were used. The main architecture of the method described in this paper is based on a harmonic densely connected network and a cross-stage partial network. The dataset used for training was calibrated to four 190° wide-angle cameras to generate around view monitor (AVM) images based on the Chungbuk National University parking lot, and an experiment was performed based on this dataset. In the experimental results, the available parking area was visualized by detecting the parking line, parking area, and available driving area in the AVM images. Furthermore, the undetected area in the semantic segmentation as a collision risk area was visualized in order to obtain the results. According to the proposed attention CSPHarDNet model, the experimental results were 81.89% mIoU and 18.36 FPS in a NVIDIA Xavier environment. The results of this experiment demonstrated that algorithms can be used in real time in a parking situation and have better performance results compared to the conventional HarDNet.