Parking Capacity Research Articles

PARKING PULL IN THE TAMAN PASUK KAMELUH TOURISM AREA (STREET S. PARMAN, PALANGKA RAYA CITY)

This type of research used in this research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The data needed to complete this research includes primary data obtained from field surveys which are used to obtain parking attraction and parking space capacity, while secondary data is obtained from the Perkim Service (Public Housing and Settlement Service) Palangka Raya City. The results of this study indicate that, Parking Space Capacity = 53 ÷ 0.75 = 70.6 motorbikes = 71 motorbikes, the highest parking accumulation is on Sunday at 15.00 WIB - 16.00 WIB for 62 motorbikes, the highest parking volume on Sunday is 258 vehicles/days/space, parking turnover rate (trun over) = 258 ÷ 145 = 1.7 vehicles/day/space, the average parking index per day is 10.71%, 11.41%, 6.1%, and park parking needs are 33 x 53 = 1,749 m2. Based on the results of the calculation of the parking attraction that occurs in the Taman Pasuk Kameluh area, Palangka Raya City, it is 258 vehicles/day/space. For travel attraction compared to the number of motorbike parking lots available to accommodate vehicles in the Kasuk Kameluh park area, it is 70.6 vehicles/day. So based on the results obtained, the demand for parking space exceeds the existing parking capacity, only 53 parking pedals (demand) exceed the existing parking capacity.

Simulation-Based Assessment of Parking Constraints for Automated Mobility on Demand: A Case Study of Zurich

In a coordinated mobility-on-demand system, a fleet of vehicles is controlled by a central unit and serves transportation requests in an on-demand fashion. An emerging field of research aims at finding the best way to operate these systems given certain targets, e.g., customer service level or the minimization of fleet distance. In this work, we introduce a new element of fleet operation: the assignment of idle vehicles to a limited set of parking spots. We present two different parking operating policies governing this process and then evaluate them individually and together on different parking space distributions. We show that even for a highly restricted number of available parking spaces, the system can perform quite well, even though the total fleet distance is increased by 20% and waiting time by 10%. With only one parking space available per vehicle, the waiting times can be reduced by 30% with 20% increase in total fleet distance. Our findings suggest that increasing the parking capacity beyond one parking space per vehicle does not bring additional benefits. Finally, we also highlight possible directions for future research such as to find the best distribution of parking spaces for a given mobility-on-demand system and city.

Impact of built environment on walking in the case of Tehran, Iran

IntroductionGrowth of population, economic activities, and travel demand has resulted in serious problems, including air pollution, particularly in the large cities of developing countries. Many metropolitan areas are thus now seeking strategies to encourage the use of sustainable travel modes, which is significantly affected by built environment (BE). This study examines the impact of BE on walking choice and distance for discretionary trips, namely recreational and shopping trips for the case of Tehran, Iran. Circular buffer is used to explore characteristics of close neighborhoods, while transport-analysis-zone (TAZ) for wider neighborhoods MethodThis study uses a Heckman selection model based on trip characteristics, socioeconomic variables, and objective BE. This two-stage model combines a regression model of walking distance and a binary probit model of walking choice, using Origin-Destination travel data of a clustered sample of 743 Tehran residents in 2014. ResultsResidential density, commercial density, and mixed land-use are observed to have a positive effect on walking distance. Highway density, average block size, and distance to the closest gym have a negative effect on the probability of walking, while the number of bus stations has a positive effect. Also, TAZs with lower–than-mean parking capacity (at destinations) are observed to have a strong tendency toward walking. ConclusionAs the first walking distance model (to our knowledge) to include a parking supply measure, this study can provide insight into walking behavior. Developing neighborhoods with lower highway density, smaller blocks, more gyms, higher mixed land-use, and higher residential and commercial density can encourage people to walk as long-term policies, while parking management like reducing parking capacity as short-term policies.

ANALYSIS OF PARKING FEASIBILITY CAPACITY AT LANDUNGSARI MARKET, DAU DISTRICT, MALANG REGENCY

Landungsari Market is one of the traditional markets built by the local village government to accelerate the village economy. Previously, Landungsari Market was a temporary market but with an increase in sellers who were moved from the original Merjosari market so that the local government made the Landungsari market a permanent market today. With the increasing number of seller stalls in the Landungsari market, the parking lot in the Landungsari market has decreased so that it demands the possibility of illegal parking occurs in some areas of the market. The research objective was to determine the characteristics of parking, parking feasibility, and parking solutions. The data used are primary data and secondary data. The results obtained in this study are the number of parking spaces is still less than the number of parking vehicles, namely for two-wheeled parking lots, the parking needs exceed the normal capacity, while the average motorbike parking space unit is 129 parking spaces and the average The car park space unit is 11 parking spaces, so with this condition, it is deemed inappropriate parking facilities and additional parking lots to increase the parking capacity of vehicles, especially for two-wheeled vehicles

Puzzle-based parking

In a common parking lot, much of the space is devoted not to parking but to lanes in which cars travel to and from parking spaces. Lanes must not be blocked for one simple reason: a blocked car might need to leave before the car that blocks it. Self-parking and intelligent communication capabilities of autonomous vehicles introduces an opportunity to overcome this constraint, and therefore to achieve much higher storage capacity of cars. We show how to maximize the number of cars in a parking lot that assumes interfering cars could be moved out of the way by a centralized controller. We provide optimal results for small lots with a single entry point, and we offer heuristic methods for larger lots. Improvements in parking capacity of 80 percent is possible.

Otopark etütlerinin farklı istatiksel yöntemler ile analizi ve CBS ile modellenmesi: Erzincan ili örneği

Rapidly changing lifestyles, rising expectations, and increased private vehicle ownership have caused increases in the number of urban trips. All these changes that have appeared in time have made the parking requirement more important every day. Parking surveys have been required to determine what actions to be taken leadingly during the location selection and building processes of the parking areas to be built. The failure on planning parking areas correctly reveals environmental and economic problems as well as social problems. In this study, parking surveys were carried out primarily in order to determine location, types and capacities of existing car parks. The capacity and locations of the new parking areas have been determined considering five-year traffic increases. The points where parking needs were most needed were determined counting the vehicles parked at 44 separate on-road parking areas in the city center of Erzincan, where parking fees are charged by the municipality. In determined parking areas, statistical analyses were performed with spatial analysis outputs, artificial neural networks and time series analysis methods counting the vehicles parked regularly during daylight hours for one year. Solutions were offered to reduce parking load in traffic identifying new correctly located car parking areas in Erzincan city center. In the light of the analysis results, the location and capacities of the new parking areas suggested to be built identifying 6 different points in the city center were determined. In conclusion, an additional 1420-vehicle parking capacity in suggested new parking spaces was proposed as a solution-oriented approach for the parking problem in the city center.

Studying and evaluating the capacity of parking at commercial street in Amara city, Iraq

Studying and evaluating the parking is an important step in keeping up with the rapid development of parking. The present study aims to evaluate the parking capacity at one of the commercial streets in Amara city (Dijlah Street). The present study based on data that collected using special survey papers related to the parking. The collected data applied field work in order to observe and draw the actual layout for each park. Each park was planned to four cases of vehicle stall layout (90°, 60°, 45° and 30°) according to the global standards in order to obtain the designed capacity. The evaluation was implemented by comparing the actual parking situation and the new planning for each park. The current study indicates that all parking located at Dijlah Street (16 parks) are planned with a random approach for vehicles stalling. The general configuration of those parking is not plan with a constant system. From management point of view, the study presented the true guide line for parking planning, therefore; the competent authorities could be taken advantage of the study.

Parking-RR: Mobile Application Malioboro Smart Parking Based on IoT Technology

Malioboro is one of the very famous tourist attractions in Yogyakarta and very crowded. Having an atmosphere and lots of culinary or snacks makes it a lot to visit, especially on holidays. Helping visitors find an empty parking space in addition to using the parking reservation feature by thinking of time limits and also alternative parking if the parking conditions around Malioboro are full. Internet of Things (IoT) technology and sensors are used to find information about the availability of database updates about parking capacity based on parking bag conditions. This paper tries to discuss and find a solution by offering an alternative, Parking-RR that can help anyone find a parking space according to the type of vehicle based on data obtained from sensors that are installed and can be seen through Cellular Applications. Parking-RR provides a solution for road users to find parking in the Malioboro area. The simple application display makes it easy for users to access.

The Effect of a Vehicle Diversion Traffic Management Strategy on Spatio-Temporal Park Use: A Study in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA

Parks and Protected Areas (PPAs) across the Intermountain West region of the United States have observed an increasing trend in visitation in the past decade. Management of visitors’ vehicles as much as the visitors themselves has created a challenge for managers. Experiencing PPAs by personal vehicle is a popular recreation experience. However, as PPAs accommodate historic levels of visitation, the infrastructure to accommodate these vehicles is strained. In response to periods of especially high use in the summer months, Rocky Mountain National Park (ROMO) actively limits access to the Bear Lake Corridor (BLC), one of the most popular day use areas of the Park. Because of limited parking infrastructure and capacities to provide a safe and quality visitor experience, ROMO redirects (i.e., diverts) vehicles away from the BLC. In July 2017, to examine the effect of this management intervention on visitor spatial behavior, participants intending to enter the BLC were given a Geographic Positioning System (GPS) device to track their movement throughout their visit to the Park. We performed a Distributive Flow analysis with the GPS data to understand the diversion’s effect on traffic patterns of visitor vehicles diverted from the BLC. This study found that 21.2% of diverted visitor vehicles returned to the BLC after being redirected and 9% left the Park entirely, suggesting that there is a lack of substitutability for some visitors within the Park for the experience found along the BLC. During a period of redirection, Moraine Park, Endovalley, and Trail Ridge Road received increased levels of visitation as use was diffused across the Park, which may warrant increased monitoring of changes to the experiential and biophysical conditions in these locations. Diverted visitor vehicles made more stops, drove further distances and for a longer period of time than non-diverted visitor vehicles, but there was no significant difference in the length of time spent at points of interest within the Park. While the diversion was effective in temporarily reducing congestion in the BLC, its effect on visitors’ spatial behavior suggests that overall aggregate impacts to park resources and experiential conditions may be increasing as a result.

Analisis Karakteristik Parkir terhadap Kebutuhan Ruang Parkir di Pasar Central Hamadi Kota Jayapura

This study aims to determine the capacity needs of the SRP in Hamadi Central Market, Jayapura City. The data required in the form of primary data and secondary data, quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis approaches to analyze the characteristics of vehicle parking against the needs of SRP in Hamadi Central Market, Jayapura City. The results of the analysis of the parking volume for 92 vehicles and 164 motorcycles, the accumulated parking for 326 vehicles and 301 motorcycles, the parking duration for cars and motorbikes ranged from 1-2 hours, the parking capacity for cars was 39 vehicles / hour and for motorbikes 19 vehicles / hour, 88.3% cars and 90.4% motorbikes, 0.83 car parking turnover rates for cars / parking lots and motorbikes 1.42 motorbikes / parking lots, parking availability 267 vehicles / 9 hours and 119 motorbikes / 9 hours. The result of combining the analysis method, the need for a 46 SRP car and an 88 SRP motorbike means that it exceeds the available SRP. To answer this, an arrangement of the SRP for the car was carried out, so that the SRP for the car was sufficient because the planned SRP was 61 SRP. Meanwhile, to answer the needs of motorbike SRP, which is to move the parking lot into the market / building area, so that the SRP for motorbikes is sufficient because the SRP planned is 108 SRP. The parallel parking pattern is recommended for SRP cars and motorbikes with an angle of 90º.

Parking Demand vs Supply: An Optimization-Based Approach at a University Campus

Parking management has always been a major concern for universities and other activity centers. Nowadays, many universities are suffering from a lack of campus parking capacity. To tackle this problem, it is necessary to take parking lots assignment into consideration, regarding intercampus users’ needs. These users have different ages, physical characteristics, expectations, and administrative positions that should be considered before any parking assignment. Here, a new method is proposed to optimize parking lots management for those universities where staff (academic and administrative), in contrast to students, are allowed to park inside the campus area. For this purpose, first, the probability of using a specific parking lot by each group is determined. For staff, this is done based on their choices, revealed by the relative frequency of using parking lots. This probability for students can be calculated using a fuzzy inference system model. To develop the model, a survey is conducted to extract students’ preferences, regarding parking spaces assignment inside the campus area. Afterward, an integer linear programming model with the objective function of maximizing parking probability is employed, considering several related constraints. The proposed model is applied to Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman (SBUK), Iran, as the case study. According to the results, it can be concluded that the proposed method can help to reduce wandering time of finding an appropriate parking space for both staff and students. In addition, the proposed application can help increase the satisfaction level of staff and students with regard to parking management.

An Analysis The Impact Of Modern Gamalama Plaza Contraction To The Traffic Movement

In this study, a descriptive method was used. From 15 equations tested, the value of Y = 2.64080272306193X2 + 4.05031889744212E-06X3+ 0.0882328648259467X4 + 0.752392757509762X5 + 22.7120066091058 with r and R values was 0.543, determinant coefficient was 0.548, significant value was 0.000 and f-count value was 111.886. From this equation, we found that the number of visitor attractions to Modern Plaza Gamalama is 15778 visitors, also increases to 17600 and 19622 for the next 5 years and 10 years. For the peak hour analysis, the volume of vehicles for the traffic was on monday at 16.00 – 17.00 WIB with 2515.4 pcu/hour capacity. The peak hour volume of vehicles was 1630.6 pcu/hour, while the peak hour volume after the square operated was 2123.32 pcu/hour for Pahlawan Revolusi Street and 3802.2 pcu/hour at Nukila Street. The provided parking capacity for four-wheeled vehicles at Plaza Gamalama Modern is for 60 cars, which cannot accommodate visitor vehicles parking. This is seen by the turnover of the four-wheel parking capacity at the beginning of the operation, namely 1.95 > 1.00. For the next 5 years, it will be 3.03 > 1.00. Meanwhile, for the next 10 years, it will be 4.70 > 1.00.

A Hybrid Agent-Based Simulation and Optimization Approach for Statewide Truck Parking Capacity Expansion

Abstract Truck parking shortages are a critical concern for both the trucking industry and truck drivers in the USA. To tackle growing shortages, parking capacity expansions are needed. This paper presents a hybrid agent-based simulation and optimization approach to model truck movements and driver behaviors to determine feasible locations for truck parking facility capacity expansions across a state. The simulation model considers the driving limit and rest requirements of hours-of-service regulations set forth by the federal regulations. By leveraging observed historical truck GPS data, agent profiles are created, capturing truck trip origins, necessary stops, trip destinations, and parking behaviors. The simulation model estimates parking facility utilization over time by identifying where, when, and how long truck drivers rest. The estimated parking usage data is then fed into a maximal coverage capacitated multiple facility location optimization with multiple service model to deduce capacity expansion locations given budgetary restrictions. Ultimately the model recommends where and how many parking spaces to add to accomplish a certain level of parking overcrowding. The simulation and optimization approaches are finally integrated into a map-based, user adaptable decision support tool.

SCP-Tree: Finding Multiple Nearest Parking Spots With Minimal Group Travel Cost

Finding the nearest parking location in road networks is one of the most commonly faced challenges in everyday life of green transportation. A main challenge faced by the state-of-the-art existing parking allocation methods is to optimally offer the nearest parking location for a group of m users at the cost of minimal overall traveling time to ensure the traffic and environmental sustainability. In this article, we model it as a Multiple Nearest Parking Location Allocation (MNPLA) problem, and devise a spatial index tree, called SCP-tree, to accelerate the nearest parking location allocation within the users’ time constraints. During the search process in SCP-tree, we build a pruning strategy relevant to the Geographical Preference Estimation, travel time and parking capacity to determine which branch to visit so that the search accuracy can be improved. Considering the users’ behaviors are often impacted by the geographical location and some personalized attribute information, we set the user priority based on them to help the parking officer determine the allocation sequence. We evaluate our allocation scheme using large real-world dataset with on-street parking sensor data, and extensive experimental results reveal (i) a minimum improvement of 15.9%, 1.4%, 96.9%, 160% in parking allocation time, average traveling time, I/O cost and service utility compared to the progressive methods, and (ii) a minimum improvement of 8.9%, 11.1%, 78.2%, 714% in parking allocation time, average traveling time, I/O cost and service utility compared to the baseline methods.

Empirical Parking Study in University of Duhok Campus

University of Duhok campus in Duhok city, Kurdistan region, Iraq, suffers from a serious mobility problems and illegal on-street parked cars resulting from continuous development of campus withoutproper policy and program to control the problem. The aim of this paper is to present empirical parking study in University of Duhok (UoD) campus by assessing and examining the present supply of parking. Besides, it aims to find the maximum expected number of parking spaces that would be able to accommodate the current parked vehicles, and the expected number of parking spaces to accommodatethe future demand of spaces. Several related parking surveys were conducted in the university campus, involved: current parking supply, computing the available off street parking capacity, license plate survey and questionnaire survey for campus parkers. The UoD main campus inventory results indicated that there are 2,027 available spaces which distribute on 27 lots. Campus parkers’ behavior has been evaluated from quantitative samples (more than 600) of parkers. Data was collected laterally nine hours by observing and recording the vehicles license plate number to study vehicles parking duration. It was observed that a massive number of vehicles were parked with short parking duration and the maximum parking index was appeared from 10:30 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. With the continuous progress in campus population and land uses development for different purposes, the UoD main campus suffers from insufficient supply spaces for parkers. In addition to that, it is estimated that the parking spaces demand will remain to growth in the forthcoming years due to the campus circumstance.

Optimizations of Aircraft Parking Capacity (Apron) in Minangkabau International Airport Padang

Minangkabau International Airport has one apron and one hangar. Apron has 7 parking stands with number of parking stand are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6A, and 7. Parking stands 1 and 7 are dedicated to light aircraft. Parking stand 2 is devoted to International flights. The existence of parking 1 and 7 is less than optimal because the type of light aircraft rarely operates. If there is a peak hour the number of aircraft that will be parked in the apron is less able to be served based on the available parking stand so that the aircraft is often held at the alpha taxiway, this affects the passenger's time value and the cost value for the airline. The purpose of this research is to analyze the optimum apron capacity at Minangkabau International Airport, Padang. The research method is done through parking stand analysis on traffic arrangement in movement area through description of parking index analysis, parking duration, and parking accumulation at peak hour compared to available apron capacity and determined slot time. Optimization of aircraft parking (apron) Minangkabau international airport in Padang can be done with the reduction of parking booth from 7 to 6 with the dimensions of medium aircraft, and emphasize the airline operators to remain consistent on the slot time set or propose revision of slot time at spare tim

Effects of Cross Level Air Interaction within Multilevel Underground Carparks on Indoor Air Quality

Ventilation for underground carparks is critical to indoor air quality (IAQ) due to carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from cars. The IAQ within a multi-level underground carpark of a shopping mall has been investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model based on ANSYS-FLUENT (18.1) software. The effects of car engines types, porosity of supply and exhaust air louvers and ventilation flow rates on IAQ were examined. A mesh sensitivity study was conducted and the CFD model was validated against the fully mixed mathematical formulations of IAQ with a maximum difference in values of 1.5 ppm and an error of 3.4%. The results showed that the ventilation system must be operated at ACH value of more than 2.7 in order to meet the required CO concentration of 50 ppm within the carpark and should be based on running cars within each level rather than the parking capacity of each level. Porosity of louvers affected air flow distribution between parking levels and led to higher dilution of CO. Therefore, modelling a multilevel underground carpark requires closer attention to cross level interaction across Ramps which could affect the CO concentration within a given level.

Assessing Minimum Parking Requirements and Parking Capacities of Residential Development in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region

This paper examines whether minimum parking requirements affect parking provision in condominiums and what factors determine condominiums’ parking capacities. By calculating actual, required, and excess parking capacities, the paper finds that almost 90% of the sample condominiums in Bangkok and the surrounding municipalities in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region provide more parking spaces than required by law. The parking capacities in condominiums outside Bangkok are almost as high as those in Bangkok, despite their required minimums being half those of Bangkok. Only 11% of the sample condominiums provide the required minimums. The figure has decreased to zero in recent years, likely because of soaring land prices. These results suggest that developers’ decisions to provide parking are not determined by parking requirements but by market demand. Results from regression analyses show that parking capacities are determined by total floor area and number of dwelling units in a project, distance to the nearest transit station, and average unit price. Condominiums located in Bangkok are found to provide significantly more parking spaces than those in the suburban municipalities. This result has important policy implications for transit-oriented development, considering that accessibility to public transit is much better in Bangkok than the suburban areas.

A scalable dynamic parking allocation framework

Cities suffer from high traffic congestion of which one of the main causes is the unorganized pursuit for available parking. Apart from traffic congestion, the blind search for a parking slot causes financial and environmental losses. We consider a general parking allocation scenario in which the GPS data of a set of vehicles, such as the current locations and destinations of the vehicles, are available to a central agency which will guide the vehicles toward a designated parking lot, instead of the entered destination. In its natural form, the parking allocation problem is dynamic, i.e., its input is continuously updated. Therefore, standard static allocation and assignment rules do not apply in this case. In this paper, we propose a framework capable of tackling these real-time updates. From a methodological point of view, solving the dynamic version of the parking allocation problem represents a quantum leap compared with solving the static version. We achieve this goal by solving a sequence of 0–1 programming models over the planning horizon, and we develop several parking policies. The proposed policies are empirically compared on real data gathered from three European cities: Belgrade, Luxembourg, and Lyon. The results show that our framework is scalable and can improve the quality of the allocation, in particular when parking capacities are low.

Improving the capacity and operational efficiency of an on-street parking system using data-based parking management strategies: case study of watt market in Calabar, South-South Nigeria

Solving parking challenges in a manner that is sustainable would require a shift from using up more scarce land resources in providing supply to meet an unending demand for parking. Parking management is the approach of tackling parking challenges that efficiently utilizes scarce resources to meet demand in a sustainable way. This paper studied an on-street parking system in the central business district with the aim of proffering policies and strategies that can help improve the capacity and operational efficiency of the park. Parking inventory and the license plate method were employed in analyzing the parking characteristics of the park. By introducing a parking duration restriction, more capacity could be accommodated on the current available lots. A 90-minute limit would accommodate at least 106 more vehicles and increase the turnover from 13 to 14 vehicles per lot for the duration of survey, thus improving operational capacity and efficiency. The paper shows that parking management strategies that are effective in making the difference should be employed based on adequate field surveys, observations and analysis.
 Keywords: On street parking, parking capacity, parking management, Parking survey, License plate