Park Zone Research Articles

Theoretical Framework and Differentiated Policies for National Park Zoning Management: A Baishanzu Case Study in China

Theoretical Framework and Differentiated Policies for National Park Zoning Management: A Baishanzu Case Study in China

A cross-sectional study of knowledge and stated practices regarding HIV among truck drivers in Basirhat health district, West Bengal

Background: HIV is an important public health problem throughout the world as well as in India and truck drivers are a vulnerable population. A cross-sectional study was designed aiming to assess the knowledge and stated practices of truck drivers regarding HIV transmission, and prevention of its associated factors in Basirhat Health District, West Bengal. Methods: This study employed a rigorous cross-sectional design to assess the knowledge and practices of 111 truck drivers in Basirhat Health District, West Bengal, regarding HIV. Participants were selected using simple random sampling from parking zones and Dhaba. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Results: The study uncovered intriguing insights into the knowledge and practices of truck drivers regarding HIV/AIDS. While the majority of participants had heard about HIV/AIDS, around half of the participants demonstrated good knowledge of HIV/AIDS. Surprisingly, misconceptions prevailed, including the belief that mosquitoes can transmit HIV. Participants displayed limited knowledge of AIDS symptoms and preventive measures, with uncertainty surrounding free HIV testing locations and free treatment availability. Alarmingly, a staggering 88.29% of truck drivers had never sought HIV testing, citing various reasons. Conclusions: The study underscores the necessity of targeted interventions to address knowledge gaps and promote safe sexual practices among truck drivers in the Basirhat Health District. Health workers and media campaigns can play a pivotal role in increasing awareness and prevention of HIV/AIDS among this population.

Combining deep learning methods and rule-based systems for automatic parking space detection

This paper presents an Automatic Parking Space Detection (APSD) algorithm designed to reduce traffic in cities while offering an information system of available parking zones. The main aim of such a system lies in its ability to identify parking spaces in a distributed manner, achieved by installing multiple APSD systems across a fleet of vehicles. This fleet, during its regular operations, communicates the availability of parking spaces to a centralized information system. Our methodology employs a rule-based system that seamlessly integrates a variety of neural networks for different specific tasks. These tasks include depth estimation, road segmentation, and vehicle detection. This approach would fall into a modular category instead of an end-to-end solution, using the Málaga Urban Dataset in the experiments. We present a preliminary experiment for parameter settings and an ablation study to quantify each subsystem contribution to the results. The proposed system achieves a parking space detection F1 score of 0.726.

IoT Integrated Smart Parking Zone and Website with Stand-alone System and Wireless Technology

The research project works to digitalize the full parking management system, transform the manual parking methods, solve traffic and road congestion problem and show live updates of the designated parking slots. It is ecofriendly and eliminates human interaction. It also offers personal and corporate business earnings. In the project, anyone can book time slots for parking following their convenient schedule, pay bills via the online payment system, control the entrance while entering and exit gate in the parking area with the vehicle using the website system. Users do not have to use any extra identity instrument, like- RFID Cards, QR Codes etc. The system will verify them by online credentials. Moreover, people can see the live slot updates for better security. The project collaborated with 3 major technology parts which are practical hardware, software and database system. NodeMCU, Ultrasonic Sensors, Servo motors, and other technical components are used in the hardware part. PHP, HTML, JavaScript, CSS etc. codes are implemented for the website development. Firebase Realtime Database and MySQL are integrated for the cloud and local database management with the hardware and software parts for building the IoT technology environment and infrastructure.

Regional freight accessibility analysis based on truck trajectories—A case study of Hunan Province in China

Freight transport is crucial in fostering economic growth and enhancing societal well-being, but it also poses challenges for traffic management and environmental sustainability. For freight planning and policy formulation, it is important to measure and evaluate regional freight accessibility. This paper proposes a novel framework for analyzing regional freight accessibility based on truck trajectory data. The framework is structured around two principal components: extracting freight trip information and constructing a freight accessibility model. It introduces precise and effective methodologies for identifying truck parking zones based on trajectory data, thereby facilitating the extraction of complete freight trip information. Afterward, the framework integrates a distance-weighted topological analysis with multiple relevant indicators to comprehensively assess the freight accessibility of a region. Additionally, it incorporates spatial lag modeling to examine the factors influencing the spatial distribution of freight accessibility within a region. Applied to a case study in Hunan Province, China, the framework demonstrates its efficacy. The analysis reveals that accessibility in Changsha and two other cities stands out significantly higher than in other cities. The study offers valuable insights for strategic freight planning and policy formulation.

Assessment of the assimilation potential (by carbon) of urban green areas (on the example of the city of Penza)

The dependence of carbon assimilation in mixed plantings of the Penza city on the influence factors used in the ROBUL algorithm was studied. Specific carbon assimilation in the city by 99 % depends on the forest cover of the residential area, assimilation age rank and average conversion coefficient. The first factor has the greatest influence, while the conversion coefficient has the least one. The average carbon assimilation by the tree stand of the residential zone was 0.199 t/year/ha (43.6 kg/year/person). The highest indicators were in districts with forest park zones, the lowest ones were in districts with development not earlier than 2000. A positive carbon balance is observed relative to respiration of the population, but this balance is negative within the administrative borders of districts. A comparison of specific carbon assimilation at the Penza agglomeration sites calculated using the ROBUL algorithm and the obtained general regression assimilation model (RMA) showed no significant differences between them with a significant difference in the labor intensity of obtaining results in favor of the RMA model. The PMA model can be used to determine the temporal dynamics of carbon assimilation based on the planned area and composition of plantations. For the maximum possible share (42.6 %) of the green residential area of the Penza city, the potential carbon assimilation according to the RMA model for mixed species is 0.44 t/year/ha and is achieved in 40 years from tree planting, after which there is a decrease due to self-cutting.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PARK ZONES ARRANGEMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MODERN CITY

The main principles of park zones arranging in the conditions of modern cities are analyzed in order to determine the optimal approaches to their development and organization, in particular, taking into account ecological, socio-economic and aesthetic aspects. Arguments are given that speak of the importance of observing the rules of zoning of such territories and prove the impact of the presence of properly located park zones on the physical and mental health of people. The most effective strategies for preserving the natural environment and creating a comfortable space for the city's residents have been determined, as well as potential obstacles and problems that may arise in the process of setting up park areas, and suggestions for overcoming them have been identified. The article provides a comparative analysis of the arrangement of park zones in Mariupol and Berlin. Fundamental differences in the planning of park zones as recreation areas for city dwellers have been identified. Innovative methods of using space, the introduction of eco-friendly materials and technologies, as well as the interaction of park zones with other aspects of urban planning (residential districts, the business part of the city, industrial zone, etc.) to create a healthier, sustainable and attractive urban environment were studied. The studies were carried out in accordance with the current regulatory documents, which regulate the basic principles of arranging park zones, taking into account world experience regarding location, planning, filling (small architectural forms, monuments, lighting, landscaping) and other aspects. The main criteria for the optimization of park zones are: preservation of the existing priority direction of territory use while increasing the protection regime of individual areas; preservation of green areas and historical integrity of the territory; preservation and restoration of the formed landscape and architectural features of parks-monuments of garden and park art; appropriate territorial ratio of functional zones, organization of care for park territories at the level of local authorities and compliance with rules of use. Arrangements of park and green areas of cities from different countries were compared. Keywords: park areas, modern trends, green areas.

INDICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ACCORDING TO THE DENDROFLORA COMPOSITION IN DIFFERENT ZONES OF THE PRYRICHKOVYI PARK IN POLTAVA

The dendroflora of the Pryrichkovyi Park in Poltava and the correspondence of woody plant species composition to environmental conditions were studied by analyzing the amplitude of the leading environmental factors.Twelve species of deciduous trees have been identified, the representatives of seven genera of six families of the order Angiospermae, or Magnoliophyta. The highest Margalef index was calculated in zone 1, and the highest dominance index in zone 3. In all three park zones, 6 species of trees are represented – 2 Acer sp., 2 Populus sp., Salix alba, and Tilia cordata. The Sørensen-Czekanovsky index indicates the greatest similarity in the species composition of trees between zones 1–2 and 2–3 and the least similarity between zones 1 and 3.The lowest light index (Lc) was calculated for zone 2, where the tree density is the highest. The high-light-tolerant species – Robinia pseudoacacia and Betula pendula – grow in zone 1 (with a high recreational load). The soil moisture range (Hd) tolerance is the greatest for Populus tremulae, which is common in all three park zones. The lowest soil aeration index (Ae) in zone 1 is explained by its greatest compaction due to recreational load. The soil acidity index (Rc) increases in zone 3, where willows and poplars grow.Analysis of the ecological amplitudes of certain indicators confirms that environmental conditions in all park zones are favorable for the majority of presented tree species. Therefore, the analysis of the environmental amplitudes is recommended to use when assessing new species for planting. The data obtained make it possible to continue the study of the condition of the most common tree species and resistance to natural and anthropogenic factors of their damage and injury, in particular, recreation, vehicle emissions, phytophagous insects, and pathogens.

Ứng dụng GIS và tư liệu viễn thám đánh giá biến động lớp phủ rừng tại vùng đệm Vườn Quốc gia Cát Tiên thuộc địa phận huyện Tân Phú, tỉnh Đồng Nai.

The Cat Tien National Park in the South of Vietnam represents a protected ecological area, it is located in tropical rainforest zone. For assessment of forest cover change in three buffer zones of Cat Tien National Park, namely Nam Cat Tien, Nui Tuong and Phu An at Tan Phu district, satellite images (Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI) take in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020 were used. Land use/land cover were classified by 5 categories using maximum likelihood classifier (MLC) method, result of constructing a key for image classification showed that images without reference data for classification have over 83.50% of map accuracies. After classification, differentiation of forest land use/landcover was analysied in each year. Deforestation and agricultural area reduction took place in 1990 - 2020 period. Besides, study has quantified changes in forest cover during periods: 1990 - 2000, 2000 - 2010 and 2010 - 2020. As a result, findings show that the extents of forest cover have decreased from 5522.22 ha to 2620.98 ha during the period of 1990 - 2020. Maps of forest status as well as changes in forests can be used for forest resource management activities under the Cat Tien National Park management.

Redesain Penataan Pohon Pada Rest Area Jalibar Desa Oro Oro Ombo, Kota Batu

Title: Redesign of Tree Arrangement in Jalibar Rest Area, Oro Oro Ombo Village, Batu City The Jalibar Rest Area is one of the tourist support facilities in Oro Oro Ombo Village. However, this rest area does not yet have a good green planning plan, even though one of the supporting comfort areas in the rest area is the proper arrangement of trees. This research identifies existing tree species and analyzes their functions, evaluates tree arrangements, and recommends tree arrangements based on their function and planting location. The research was conducted in the Jalibar Rest Area in Oro Oro Ombo Village, Batu District, Batu City, East Java. The analytical methods used are Key Performance Index (KPI), Comparative Study, and Spatial Mapping. Based on field observations, it is known that the Jalibar Rest Area has 123 trees with 16 types of trees. Based on the evaluation results, it is known that the suitability of the tree's function to its location, namely that the outer zone of the rest area should be planted with shade trees, guides and trees of aesthetic value. The parking zone is planted with trees that function as shade trees, guides and absorb pollutants. As well as service zones planted with trees with the functions of shade, absorbing pollutants and aesthetics. Recommendations for redesigning tree arrangements in the Jalibar Rest Area include adjusting the function of trees in each zone by maintaining appropriate tree species, replacing inappropriate tree species, adding and subtracting trees based on their planting distance.

MICROBIAL AIR POLLUTION IN POLTAVA

Regular monitoring of air quality indicators, including microbial composition, is crucial for public health and should be a cornerstone of national healthcare policy. However, existing scientific literature lacks comprehensive data on microbial air pollution in Ukraine, particularly in Poltava and its surrounding areas. This study aims to assess the level of microbial air pollution across various districts within Poltava city.
 Materials and methods. The Koch sedimentation method was used to assess the level of microbial air pollution in the districts of Poltava. For this purpose, atmospheric air sampling was taken in park zones of various districts in the city of Poltava during October 2023. For comparison, air samples were taken in deciduous and coniferous forests of villages adjacent to the city. According to the results of cultivation, the total microbial count (TCM) of the air in 1 m3 of each sample was calculated separately.
 Statistical analysis of the obtained results was carried out using the standard Microsoft Excel 2019 and GraphPad Prism Software 10.1.0 software packages. (US, 2023).
 Results. The study has revealed the greatest microbial pollution of atmospheric air was found in Pavlenkivskyi Park (Kyiv District, Poltava City). The air quality index of atmospheric air in Corpusnyi Park turned out to be 4 times lower, compared to the air index of the Kyiv district. During the cultivation of atmospheric air samples taken in the Voiniv-Afghantsiv park (Shevchenkivskyi district of the city), the TCM was determined to be 8.2 times lower than that of the Pavlenkivskyi park. Interestingly, the "Peremoha" park (Shevchenkivskyi district) exhibited the lowest levels of microbial contamination. Overall, the Podilskyi district demonstrated favorable air quality indicators, surpassed only by the "Peremoha" park. However, it's important to note the presence of hemolytic streptococci in this district, which poses a potential health risk.
 Conclusion. The highest level of microbial air pollution has been found in the Kyiv district of Poltava, the lowest level is within the boundaries of the Shevchenkivskyi district on the territory of the "Peremoha" park. Microbiological air quality in Poltava's park areas exhibits an inverse relationship with proximity to the city's central roads.

Flower Strips as an Ecological Tool to Strengthen the Environmental Balance of Fields: Case Study of a National Park Zone in Western Poland

Maintaining biodiversity in agrocenoses is becoming an important element of sustainable development strategies. Flower strips can perform various functions, and their use in the agricultural landscape is a form of a natural mechanism for regulating the agricultural habitat and improving the effectiveness of biological methods of combating crop pests. This manuscript is a case study in Wielkopolska National Park, a valuable wildlife area situated in a temperate zone characteristic of the climate conditions of western Poland. The purpose of this study was to analyze the species composition of plants in a flower strip two years after sowing a mixture of seeds of perennial plants, and to determine the diversity of the collected arthropods depending on the flowering intensity of plants in the strip. The most intense flowering period in the flower strip occurred in June, when the number of flowering plants was the highest and belonged to one species, Trifolium repens (81.52% of all flowering plants). In the same month, the largest share of beneficial arthropods were specimens from Hymenoptera/Parasitica (29.15%), which may indicate their preference for T. repens. The share of beneficial arthropods in relation to all caught arthropods was higher in June (58.74%) than in July (35.16%), with Hymenoptera predominating, represented mainly by Parasitica, which may indicate their preference for species from the genus Trifolium.

Dychotomia postrzegania numerów tablic rejestracyjnych na tle obowiązującej definicji danych osobowych

Nowadays we use vehicle registration plate numbers increasingly frequently, e.g. for parking in paid parking zones or when using recordings from private on-board cameras. The processing of registration numbers can have a significant impact on the rights and freedoms of every citizen; therefore, it is essential to unambiguously determine whether vehicle registration plate numbers ought to be classified as personal data. This issue is varyingly interpreted by the case law of Polish courts and by the President of the Office for Personal Data Protection. This debate boils down to the question of whether we are able to identify a given individual based solely on a vehicle registration plate number. Administrative courts, as a rule, state that registration plates do not constitute personal data due to the fact that registration numbers identify a vehicle, not an individual. However, the President of the Office for Personal Data Protection is of a contrasting opinion, believing that indirect identification allows us to determine the owner of a vehicle based solely on the registration plate number.

Впровадження концепції перехоплюючих паркінгів в міське середовище

The implementation of intercept parking concepts in urban environments is crucial for improving transportation infrastructure and enhancing residents' quality of life. The city of Rivne, while compact, faces challenges of traffic congestion and air pollution due to its limited area and high population density. One of the key measures to address these issues is the implementation of parking systems, specifically intercept parking. Intercept parking involves creating parking zones outside the city center to reduce the flow of cars in central areas. This can significantly reduce traffic congestion and promote the use of public transportation, thereby improving the city's transportation system. For example, research has shown that effectively utilizing intercept parking can reduce the number of cars entering the city center and encourage the use of public transport. However, successful implementation of intercept parking requires a comprehensive approach and consideration of various aspects, including the needs of the local population, characteristics of the transportation infrastructure, and potential implications for city development and road safety. The article presents research and data collection on the capacity of inbound car flows in various parts of the intercept parking network aimed at evaluating the load on the road network of the city of Rivne during peak periods, taking into account the city's level of motorization. The study analyzed inbound traffic flows at six key points on the main arterial streets of the city. The research results identified a significant load on Rivne's road network from inbound traffic flows, negatively impacting the city's mobility. The only viable solution to this problem is the implementation of an automated intercept parking network both in the suburbs and in the central part of the city. Intercept parking represents a crucial step towards optimizing urban space and improving residents' quality of life by reducing traffic congestion in cities and fostering the development of sustainable urban environments. Implementing intercept parking concepts proves to be a significant step in urban space improvement and enhancing residents' quality of life. The practical application of this concept can contribute to further development and optimization of urban agglomerations, as it promotes efficient use of parking spaces and the development of safe and balanced urban environments.

Agent-based modeling of residential parking zones in Leipzig

This study introduces a methodology to model parking cost and residential parking zones within the agent-based simulation framework MATSim. An overview of related research and a description of the implementation are given. The results suggest that parking pricing has a larger impact on the share of motorized transport than longer access and egress walks to the activity. Raising parking costs could prove to be an effective tool to reduce motorized transport.

Оценка начального развития лесопарковых зон, создаваемых на урбанизированных территориях

The article is devoted to the development of methods for assessing the state of initial development of forest park zones created in suburban areas. The purpose of the research is to consider the possibility of introducing a multiplicative indicator that equally takes into account these indicators, to study its extreme characteristics for homogeneous and heterogeneous land plots. The relationship between factor C from the universal equation of soil losses and the weight of dry biomass of deciduous trees which, in turn, are regression dependent on NDVI (Normalized difference vegetation index), a numerical indicator of the quality and quantity of woody vegetation on the site, is considered. Two criteria are proposed to assess the initial state of development of the urban forest park zone. It is shown that the first criterion has a minimum at a certain NDVI value. The second criterion is presented in the form of a functional containing the function of the relationship between NDVI and factor C. It is determined that the extreme of this functional has the form of a function of the inverse relationship between NDVI and factor C. The real existence of such an inverse relationship between NDVI and C opens up new opportunities for using this function in metrology.

Forestry and mensuration characteristics of pine stands in the recreation and health-improving forests in the Left Bank Steppe

The study of forestry and stand mensuration characteristics of pine stands in recreational and health-improving forests of the Left Bank Steppe was conducted based on forest management materials. The distribution of pine stands in the recreational and health-improving forests of the region by location, origin, forest types, age groups and classes, site classes, and relative density of stocking was analyzed. For pine stands within the forest areas of green belt) (sites where forest activities are permitted), indicators of the use of forest potential by modal pines were calculated to compare reference stands. It was found that the pine plantations in the recreational and health-improving forests of the region grow in an area of more than 83 thousand hectares. In terms of area, man-made pine stands significantly dominate, the share of which is 93.6 % of the total area, the rest of the area (6.4%) is occupied by pine forests of natural origin. The predominance of pine stands within green belt was revealed. Their proportion is 76.1 % of the total area, including the forestry zone - 59.7 % and the forest park zone – 16.4 %. The significant area of the investigated pine plantations (37% of the total area) is located in the conditions of a fresh oak-pine (mixed) forest on transitional, relatively poor soils (subor in Ukrainian). The most part of forest is middle-aged stands (59.3 % of the total forest area and 70.5 % of the total stock of wood). Moreover, pine forest of I (39,2 %) and II (31,1 %) site classes and 0.7–0.8 density dominated (73.5 %). The rate of utilization of the forest potential by modal pines within forest areas of green belt compared reference stands is relatively low and reaches 63 %.

Beef Cattle Farming Strategy in Baluran National Park

Sidomulyo Hamlet, Sumberwaru Village, which serves as buffer zones of Baluran National Park, has 2,220 beef cattle as a potential economical source. At the same time, the beef cattle farming business's potential threatens Baluran National Park's existence due to being grazed illegally. The condition urges an efficient strategy so cattle farming can develop without disturbing the conservation zone of the national park. The study's objective was to find out the characteristics of beef cattle farmers in Sidomulyo Hamlet and to determine a strategy to improve beef cattle farming efficiency in Sidomulyo. The research was conducted in Sidomulyo Hamlet, Sumberwaru Village, from 1st June to 18th July 2022. The research method used a descriptive quantitative method with a SWOT analysis. The respondents were 72 cattle farmers. The research results showed that most of the cattle farmers in Sidomulyo are male, aged between 41-50 years old; the education level is mostly Elementary School, 11-20 years of cattle farming experience, and livestock ownership scale under 4 Animal Unit (AU). Increasing cattle farming efficiency is an SO strategy that supports aggressive growth: 1) Optimizing land use by planting forage. 2) Optimization of farmers' potencies and the availability of resources. 3) Cooperate with government and academicians to increase farmers’ knowledge and skill. 4) Application of feed processing and livestock manure technology.

Concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5) and contributions of tire wear particle to PM2.5 in an indoor parking garage: Comparison with the outside and the differences according to the sampling sites

Particulate matter (PM) is increasingly affecting the social-economic development of countries. An increase in PM2.5 concentration increases susceptibility to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and cancer. Tire wear particles (TWP) contribute to airborne PM. In the present work, we investigated the variation in the concentration of TWP of <2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (TWP2.5) in an indoor parking garage depending on the sampling sites. PM2.5 samples were collected at four sites in an indoor parking garage of a college campus: the entrance of the parking garage (Ent), the second floor toward the third floor (2F), the front of the parking zone on the second floor (2FP), and the third floor toward the fourth floor (3F). Each PM2.5 sampling was performed for 4 days during the fall season. The PM2.5 concentrations at the 2F and 2FP were similar to the outside PM2.5 concentrations, whereas those at the Ent and 3F were higher than the outside PM2.5 concentrations. The TWP2.5 concentrations in the indoor parking garage were 0.61–0.73 μg/m3. The differences in the TWP2.5 concentrations depending on the sampling sites were due to the differences in traffic volumes. The TWP2.5 concentration at the 2FP was higher than those at the other sampling sites owing to air stagnation and TWPs produced by the high friction when parking and exiting a car in the parking zone. The contributions of TWP2.5 to the PM2.5 concentrations were 3.9–11.7%, in the order of 2FP ≫ Ent > 3F > 2F. A good air ventilation system can be recommended to reduce TWP2.5 concentrations in indoor parking garages.

Ecological and microbiological monitoring of soils in places of mass recreation

Introduction. There are presented results of a comprehensive ecological and microbiological assessment of soils located in the central part of the recreational zone of the city of Petrozavodsk, located in the middle taiga area. The study of chemical and microbiological properties of the soils of the park zone in the spatio-temporal aspect is of great importance for assessing the current state of soils and the trend of their development in conditions of anthropogenic impact, and can be the basis for urban ecological monitoring also. &#x0D; The aim of the study is ecological and microbiological monitoring of soils in places of mass recreation of the urban population (Petrozavodsk).&#x0D; Materials and methods. The object of the study was the soils of the plots located in the central part of the city. The soils located on the territory of the Kivach Nature Reserve were selected as a control. The acid-base properties of soils, the content of heavy metals, as well as the state of the microbiotic component of soils were evaluated. Based on the data on the content of heavy metals, the degree of soil contamination with heavy metals was determined. &#x0D; Results. Based on the data of a comprehensive study, the current state of the soils of the recreational zone of Petrozavodsk has been established. The comparative analysis of changes in chemical and microbiological properties, as well as data on the soil pollution coefficient in the space-time interval revealed a decrease in anthropogenic impact on soils. Changing the category of soil pollution is an important tool of environmental protection measures carried out on the territory of the city.&#x0D; Limitations. Work in the field of urban-ecological research is complicated by the lack of local regulatory documents that substantiate the hygienic standards for chemicals polluting the soil; limited monitoring points and work with mixed soil samples, which creates a problem of representativeness of the obtained data. &#x0D; Conclusion. The favourable conditions for the formation of soils in the park zone affect on their soil properties, which generally meet the hygienic requirements imposed on them. The established higher indicators of the soil pollution coefficient in certain areas indicate a high anthropogenic pressure in the past, are the basis for continuing research, the need for periodic work, as well as expanding the range of soil indicators used for early diagnosis of their degradation.