Parking Research Articles

Analysis of The Effect Public Facilities on The Level of Tourist Satisfaction in Tenganan Pegringsingan Village, Karangasem District

Tenganan Village, Manggis District, Karangasem Regency is one of the tourist villages in Bali Province. Tenganan Village consists of 1,2013 families with a population of 4,627 people. Tenganan Pegringsingan Village has had a decreased level of visits. The highest number of visits occurred in 2010, namely 57,848 people and the lowest in 2018 was 28,468 people. This study aims to determine the effect of public facilities on the level of tourist satisfaction in the Tourism Village of Tenganan Pegringsingan, Karangasem Regency. The results of this study indicate the general facilities that affect the increase in tourist satisfaction in Tenganan Village, which causes the highest increase is the parking lot of 7.99 percent. There are two variables that cause a decrease in satisfaction which of course needs attention, namely restaurant and lodging facilities. The Karangasem Regency Government as the regional government making the regulations must pay attention to the layout of tourism users in the Tenganan Village area and the surrounding villages so that the authenticity of Tenganan Village can be maintained.

Conceptual design and optimization of integrating renewable energy sources with hydrogen energy storage capabilities

Systems are inherently tied to uncertainty, which necessitates the development of designs and schedules that accommodate this unpredictability. Particularly in modern power systems, the variable efficiency of numerous factors, including pricing, underscores the need for uncertainty modeling. In the meantime, the incorporation of EVs (electric vehicles) into the electrical grid is advancing, with these vehicles being recognized for their role in reducing dependency on fossil energies and enhancing the resilience, stability and efficiency of the grid. However, the rapid growth of the EV sector necessitates thoughtful strategies from decision-makers to manage its expansion effectively, particularly considering the environmental implications associated with the life cycle of EVs, including their charging and discharging processes. This research introduces the conceptual design and optimization approach utilizing a hybrid bat algorithm and differential evolution algorithm (BA-DEA) to improve the efficiency and resilience of EV-smart parking lots under the unpredictable conditions caused by grid pricing fluctuations within the DRP (demand response program). The technique effectively modulates daily costs by adjusting loads among peak and off-peak periods. Key features of the proposed approach include a non-dominated sorting model, innovative variable identification, a memory-based selection process, and the application of fuzzy theory to identify optimal Pareto outcomes. This methodology is not only swift in converging to a solution but also demonstrates a high likelihood of reaching the global optimum. Modeling considerations for smart hydrogen storage systems (SHSSs) incorporate significant constraints, notably those associated with electrolyzers, fuel cells, and storage capacities. The algorithm's effectiveness is validated in scenarios involving parking facilities and multiple uncertain resources, demonstrating a robust reduction in specific cost indicators and adjustments in cost dynamics when DRP is considered. Specifically, the algorithm achieves a substantial 42% decrease in cost variability when DRP is excluded, and a 46.9% reduction in cost variability when DRP is included, despite a minor 5% increase in average cost. These outcomes underscore the proposed system's capability to improve resilience and thermal performance under fluctuating conditions, making it a promising solution for future smart energy systems. Further, the results exhibited the complex interplay between cost optimization and operational adjustments in response to demand-side management.

Analysis of The Effect Public Facilities on The Level of Tourist Satisfaction in Tenganan Pegringsingan Village, Karangasem District

Tenganan Village, Manggis District, Karangasem Regency is one of the tourist villages in Bali Province. Tenganan Village consists of 1,2013 families with a population of 4,627 people. Tenganan Pegringsingan Village has had a decreased level of visits. The highest number of visits occurred in 2010, namely 57,848 people and the lowest in 2018 was 28,468 people. This study aims to determine the effect of public facilities on the level of tourist satisfaction in the Tourism Village of Tenganan Pegringsingan, Karangasem Regency. The results of this study indicate the general facilities that affect the increase in tourist satisfaction in Tenganan Village, which causes the highest increase is the parking lot of 7.99 percent. There are two variables that cause a decrease in satisfaction which of course needs attention, namely restaurant and lodging facilities. The Karangasem Regency Government as the regional government making the regulations must pay attention to the layout of tourism users in the Tenganan Village area and the surrounding villages so that the authenticity of Tenganan Village can be maintained.

Integrating Renewable Energy Produced by a Library Building on a University Campus in a Scenario of Collective Self-Consumption

Rising fossil fuel costs and environmental concerns are driving the search for new energy sources, particularly renewable energy. Among these sources, solar photovoltaic (PV) is the most promising in southern European countries, mainly through the use of decentralised PV systems designed to produce electricity close to the point of demand and primarily to meet local energy needs. In an urban scenario, a decentralised energy system usually operates in parallel with the grid, allowing excess power generated to be injected into the grid. Solar carports and rooftop systems are excellent examples of distributed photovoltaic systems, which are far more sustainable than large centralised systems because they do not compete for land use. Despite their operational advantages, these decentralised photovoltaic production plants, which are in most cases financed by specific energy efficiency programs, present challenges in a regulated market where the injection of energy into the electricity grid is restricted by law and support programs. The aim of this work is to integrate two different photovoltaic systems within an academic campus where the only PV source currently available is a solar car park, a solution designed both to provide shaded space for vehicles and to produce energy to be consumed within the facilities. Due to legal restrictions, surplus electricity cannot be sold to the national grid, and solar batteries to store the generated energy are expensive and have a short lifespan. Therefore, since the campus has two different grid connections and a 102.37 kWp PV system, the newly designed system to be installed on the library roof must be calculated to support the installed electricity system during the most critical working hours, determining the specific angle and orientation of the solar panels. On this basis, the energy management of a school campus is fundamental to creating a collective self-consumption system, the basis of a local energy community that can meet energy, environmental, and social objectives.

Implementation of Street Vendor Arrangement Policy in Wonoasri Village, Tempurejo District, Jember Regency

The implementation of the policy of structuring street vendors in Wonoasri village is carried out by providing separate policies for street vendors in Wonoasri village, building public facilities in the village square in order to increase convenience in trading, increase community resources for the village community, reduce unemployment, entertainment and gathering places for the community and increase economic value in selling. These conditions are also influenced by the Bumdes to manage street vendors in the Wonoasri Village square, where the Bumdes plays a role as a policy maker, rent financial regulator, facility provider, provider of rental space for street vendors, and supervisor of harmony between street vendors. One of the objectives of this study is to describe the implementation of the policy of structuring street vendors in the village square of Wonoasri, Jember Regency, which can be seen from three factors, namely the perspective of compliance, success, satisfaction and beneficiaries. This research specifically uses a qualitative approach method, the techniques in data collection used are observation, documentation and interview methods. The results of this study state that the implementation of the street vendor arrangement policy in Wonoasri Village, Tempurejo District, Jember Regency involves the Wonoasri Village Government, Wonoasri Village Bumdes, Street Vendors and the community around the Wonoasri Village Square. So it can be said that this policy has been successful and is a successful implementation. In implementing the policy of arranging street vendors in Wonoasri Village Square, there are several obstacles, including: Controlling the number of new street vendors, the discipline of street vendors and facilities and infrastructure that were previously inadequate but are now well met such as water, electricity, toilets, trash bins, selling space, prayer rooms, and parking lots. Improve better facilities and infrastructure so that traders and visitors can be more comfortable when visiting the Wonoasri Village Square.

Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Adaptive Graph Convolutional Recurrent Networks for Vacant Parking Space Prediction

The prediction of vacant parking spaces (VPSs) can reduce the time drivers spend searching for parking, thus alleviating traffic congestion. However, previous studies have mostly focused on modeling the temporal features of VPSs using historical data, neglecting the complex and extensive spatial characteristics of different parking lots within the transportation network. This is mainly due to the lack of direct physical connections between parking lots, making it challenging to quantify the spatio-temporal features among them. To address this issue, we propose a dynamic spatio-temporal adaptive graph convolutional recursive network (DSTAGCRN) for VPS prediction. Specifically, DSTAGCRN divides VPS data into seasonal and periodic trend components and combines daily and weekly information with node embeddings using the dynamic parameter-learning module (DPLM) to generate dynamic graphs. Then, by integrating gated recurrent units (GRUs) with the parameter-learning graph convolutional recursive module (PLGCRM) of DPLM, we infer the spatio-temporal dependencies for each time step. Furthermore, we introduce a multihead attention mechanism to effectively capture and fuse the spatio-temporal dependencies and dynamic changes in the VPS data, thereby enhancing the prediction performance. Finally, we evaluate the proposed DSTAGCRN on three real parking datasets. Extensive experiments and analyses demonstrate that the DSTAGCRN model proposed in this study not only improves the prediction accuracy but can also better extract the dynamic spatio-temporal characteristics of available parking space data in multiple parking lots.

Se-PSD: A sequence-based parking-slot detection approach for indoor parking

Accurate parking slot detection is crucial for autonomous vehicles to navigate automatic parking. In recent years, significant progress has been made in research in this field, with some methods achieving high accuracy and efficiency on specific datasets. However, existing methods still face some challenges in practical applications, such as: when the ground reflection covers the parking-slot marking lines, the recognition accuracy of existing methods will significantly decrease; The generalization performance of existing methods is not strong enough, and the recognition accuracy will decrease after changing the place or camera model. To address these limitations, this paper introduces Se-PSD, a novel parking slot detection method utilizing image sequences. Se-PSD analyzes a series of images to predict individual marking point locations, shapes, and orientations. Finally, through geometric rules, parking-slots can be found on the last image of the image sequence. Se-PSD prioritizes generalizability without sacrificing accuracy compared to existing methods. While real-time performance may be slightly impacted, the relaxed time constraints of automatic parking applications make Se-PSD a promising solution.

Analyzing the Feasibility of Photovoltaic Solar Systems in the Parking Area of Universitas Multimedia Nusantara: A PVSyst Simulation-based Investigation

The article explores the feasibility and economic viability of installing a solar power generation system at the rear parking area of Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN). Utilizing PVSyst simulation, the study demonstrates that the proposed system can generate 224 MWh of electricity annually, meeting 20% of the energy needs for nearby buildings A and D. Despite requiring an initial investment of Rp. 781,883,953.26, the system proves financially sound with an NPV of Rp. 4,380,435,791 and an IRR of 34.28%. Moreover, the installation significantly reduces carbon emissions by 2775.513 tons. This research underscores the practicality and environmental benefits of adopting solar energy in university campuses.

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN SERAT BAMBU PADA PEMBUATAN PAVING BLOCK TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN

Bamboo is widely used for various forms of building construction, such as houses, as roofs, columns and foundations. Apart from that, the remainder of its use will become waste. One of the building materials that is often used is paving blocks as an alternative ground surface cover that can be used for road pavement, parking lots, pedestrians, parks, etc. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of adding bamboo fiber with variation of 1%, 3%, and 5% on the compressive strength of paving blocks. The method used in this research is the experimental method. Primary data consists of material testing results and paving block compressive strength. Research was conducted at the Structures and Materials Laboratory, Departement of Civil and Mining Engineering, Ketapang State Polytechnic. From the results of the compressive strength testing of paving blocks that have been carried out, the highest average value of compressive strength of paving blocks with a variation of 1% is 320.01 kg/cm2 which corresponds to the quality concrete C used for home garage pavement, pedestrian circulation, and parking lot.

AnoPay: Anonymous Payment for Vehicle Parking With Updatable Credential

Many existing anonymous parking payment schemes lack high efficiency and flexibility. For instance, the calculation and communication costs involved in payment may linearly increase with the payment amount. In this paper, we propose an anonymous payment system (dubbed AnoPay) for vehicle parking, which leverages updatable attribute-based anonymous credentials and efficient zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) to achieve user anonymity and constant overhead for parking fee payment. To further improve the efficiency, we design a secure parking fee aggregation protocol based on linear homomorphic encryption to aggregate parking transactions, where the amount of each parking transaction is hidden and the privacy of the parking lot in terms of its revenue is guaranteed. AnoPay achieves both unlinkability and accountability, malicious payments can be efficiently traced when it is necessary. We provide a security model and rigorous proof for each security property of AnoPay. Extensive experiments and comparisons demonstrate the efficiency and practicality of the system.

Seawater source heat pump system based on capillary heat exchanger for seepage in submarine tunnel: a case study

Abstract The discharge of seepage water from undersea tunnel structures, often treated as wastewater, inherently carries a substantial reservoir of untapped low-grade thermal energy. Unfortunately, comprehensive investigations into harnessing this latent potential remain notably limited. This study introduced an innovative strategy through the design of an undersea tunnel seepage seawater source heat pump system. Distinguished by the integration of a capillary front-end heat exchanger, this system aimed to effectively exploit the frequently disregarded low-grade thermal energy present in the seepage water of undersea tunnel structures. The seawater seepage from the tunnel is transported to the car park at the tunnel entrance, and a seawater energy pool is constructed by storing seawater in its underground space. The use of capillary network placed in the energy pool in the front heat exchanger, water source heat pump units, circulating water pumps and fan coil end device composed of underground undersea tunnel seepage seawater source heat pump system for the building heating and cooling. Furthermore, a comparative assessment was conducted, contrasting this novel system with the traditional air-conditioning setup that utilizes chillers and gas boilers as cooling and heating sources. The aim was to evaluate its capacity for energy conservation and emission reduction. The findings from the study strongly affirmed the viability of the proposed seepage seawater source heat pump system within undersea tunnels. It boasted the potential to achieve annual savings of 53.55 tce, highlighting a noteworthy energy-saving rate of 21.2%. Concurrently, reductions in CO2, SO2, and particulate emissions amounted to 132.28 t/a, 1.07 t/a, and 0.54 t/a, respectively. This study not only stands as a reference for the strategic utilization of seepage seawater from undersea tunnel structures, prioritizing energy conservation and emission reduction, but also pioneers innovative approaches toward resource optimization and environmental sustainability, meeting the inherent needs of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.

Enhancing smoke management in underground parking areas using jet fan systems with a focus on dead-end areas

This study delves into the utilization of jet fans in underground parking structures for smoke management during fires, with a specific focus on enhancing smoke control near critical areas adjacent to dead-end sections through innovative jet fan designs. Through the analysis of airflow patterns and computational fluid dynamic simulations, the research aims to effectively contain smoke and prevent its dispersion to unaffected zones. Findings underscore the significance of parking layout designs in ventilation strategies and soot dispersion rates. Altering the downward orientation of the jet fan outlet results in a notable portion of smoke being confined within the parking facility. Additionally, widening the jet fan outlet, as proposed in the design, can enhance smoke evacuation in all directions. Two hazard detection scenarios were executed within the parking structure following the British standard (BS), with one scenario simulated as a fire ignition source. The chosen scenario considers all escape routes and evacuation procedures within the underground parking area based on architectural specifications. By employing OpenFOAM software with the buoyantBoussinesqPimpleFOAM solver, the study assesses the efficacy of this approach, achieving a reduction in airflow irregularities of over 30%. It also provides valuable insights for designers to refine their comprehension of jet fan design, recommending tailored designs for specific zones. This research offers practical guidance for designers to optimize jet fan configurations for effective smoke control in underground parking facilities.

Implementasi Google Cloud Vision untuk Deteksi Ketersediaan Lahan Parkir Kendaraan Mobil di Perguruan Tinggi

The increasing number of car users in colleges has posed significant challenges in effectively managing parking lots. This research focuses on the implementation of Google Cloud Vision to detect and monitor the availability of car parking lots in a college environment. By utilizing cloud-based image processing services and machine learning algorithms from Google Cloud Vision, the proposed system aims to provide real-time analysis and reporting on parking slot availability. The methodology used involves capturing images of the parking area using strategically placed cameras, then uploading these images to Google Cloud Vision to detect the presence or absence of cars. The system is designed to be scalable, ensuring that it can handle different sizes and complexities of parking areas. Preliminary results show that the approach using Google Cloud Vision offers a high level of accuracy in identifying occupied and empty parking slots, thus providing a reliable tool for parking management in a college environment. This work discusses the development, implementation, and evaluation of the system, and highlights its potential in improving parking lot utilization efficiency and reducing the time users spend searching for available parking spaces.

Partial Replacment of LDPE in Bituminous Pavement

Bituminous concrete mix is a composite material which is widely used for the construction of flexible pavements, surfacing of roads and airports, various parking lots etc. It generally consists of bitumen which works as a binder material, coarse aggregates, fine aggregates and filler materials which are generally mixed together in right proportion and laid down in layers followed by the compaction. In this present age of modernization and urbanization, construction is non stoppable and the construction by demolishing of old building has arisen a serious problem of treatment of demolished waste. Similarly, the use of plastic in our day-to-day life and its improper disposal is also creating serious environment pollution. So, there is big challenge in managing the demolished waste as well as the waste plastics. In this project i.e. partial replacement of LDPE in Bituminous concrete mix we have tried to replace LDPE (2%, 4%, 6% and 8% respectively) in bitumen content for the improvement of the pavement characteristics satisfying both the strength criteria and the economic aspects giving emphasize to less environment degradation and sustainability.

Advanced Car Parking and Billing System

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to solve the issue of the car parking system in our country. We have proposed a system where we give the solution for management of parking space and how we can utilize the current space more effectively. This would lead to decrease in chaos and would help people to choose their parking space in advance and we would give them a choice to cancel their reservation of parking space. In this paper we intend to build a centralized system where all the non reserved and non-occupied spots for parking that are available can be used in a better way. We also looked at a few of the current systems and highlighted their shortcomings. Our framework differs from the ones that are currently in use in that we aim to make our solution as less people- dependent as possible, dependent as feasible by automating both the cars and the parking lot, but the majority of current frameworks necessitate that personnel leave the actual vehicle.

PERANCANGAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA (PLTS) PADA ATAP GEDUNG PARKIR BANDAR UDARA INTERNASIONAL I GUSTI NGURAH RAI

Using sustainable energy as a source of electrical energy is a safe way to increase ecosystem energy. One of them is the utilization of photovoltaic directed energy by upgrading the PLTS on top of the structure as a mechanism for introducing photovoltaic modules. The study finalized the plan to install PLTS on the roof of the I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport parking lot as a source of electrical energy to reduce PLN electricity bills. The I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport Parking Roof Solar Power Plant uses a battery-free on gridsystem with 600 units of 555Wp monocrystalline solar-based modules and four 100kW inverter units. The solar power plant to be built on the car park of Terminal I Gusti Ngurah Rai will have a capacity of 333kWp and will produce 604.929kWh of energy annually. The required speculation cost is Rp 3.004.620.000 and payback period for 6 years.

Parklets As Public Space

The unpredictable increase in the number of motor vehicles and the population due to changes in the urban structure hasrevealed the need for new public areas, recreation and social contact points for pedestrians, especially in city centers.Parklet designs, can be installed modularly on the one or more car parking area, are carried out in order to calm traffic, toensure pedestrian safety, and to create public spaces. For this purpose, within the scope of the study, public space and the process of change are revealed, and parklets designed with urban equipment elements (street furniture) to meet various public needs, especially in city centers, are examined through examples from our country (Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality example) and the world. As a result, parklet designs, which are designed in a modular structure and allow alternative designs in different regions, include innovative approaches to publicity for Istanbul and all our other cities.

Smart Cities towards Artificial Intelligence

The creation of smart cities has come a long way in recent years, especially in domains that use AI, such IoT-based components, security systems, smart living options, and environmental monitoring. These advancements seek to build surroundings that meet human requirements by utilizing cutting edge technologies such as automated parking, smart healthcare, and seismic monitoring systems. Even with these encouraging advancements, the current generation of smart cities is still unable to attain genuine autonomy, particularly when it comes to component-level autonomous situation management and decision-making. The transformational perspective proposed in this work views the constituent components of smart environments as self-governing agents with the ability to make decisions. The purpose of these autonomous agents is to improve security and smart living by being able to self-manage and react automatically to different situations. Such autonomous agents can be integrated to accomplish the goal of artificially intelligent smart cities. In smart cities, autonomous agents may behave pro-actively without human involvement by continually monitoring and analyzing data, anticipating possible problems, and taking proactive actions. In the context of smart healthcare, these agents may, for example, track a patient's vitals in real time, anticipate possible health emergencies, notify medical personnel, or even start emergency procedures. Autonomous agents may dynamically assign parking spots in the context of smart car parking based on real-time data, maximizing space use and minimizing traffic congestion. Agents that can autonomously manage emergency actions, such as directing people to safety and managing infrastructure to minimize damage, might be beneficial for earthquake detecting systems. As autonomous entities endowed with decision-making skills are included, we are moving closer to truly intelligent cities. Because of these agents' capacity for independent operation and quick response to changing circumstances, smart cities are able to offer a better quality of security and service while accommodating the changing demands of its residents. As a result, smart cities that have these intelligent agents installed will be more responsive, efficient, and resilient—ultimately capturing the spirit of artificial intelligence in urban planning.

지방 하위시장의 아파트 가격 결정요인 분석

This study aims to identify the characteristics of apartment price determinants between two local submarkets, and to ascertain the price differential between branded and non-branded apartments and corporate location. Multi-Regression analysis was conducted on the total number of apartments transacted in Geoje City over the past four years, using the actual transaction price of apartments as the dependent variable and structure, complex, brand, and corporate location characteristics as independent variables. The results indicate that in Suyang-dong(high prices), the variables of floor, floor area ratio, and brand have a positive effect, while the variables of rooms and corporate distance have a negative effect. In Okpo-dong(low prices), the number of car parking spaces and brand variables have a positive effect. Branded apartments are priced higher than non-branded apartments. Additionally, the value ratio of branded apartments is higher in the lower-priced area. Price discrepancies may exist within the same area, Consequently, branded apartments that cater to local characteristics can command high prices, even in price sub-areas.

UTILIZATION OF CAR PARKING ULTRASONIC SENSORS AS HYBRID TECHNOLOGY FOR MONITORING PEAT WATER LEVEL BASED ON INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) AND DATA LOGGER WITH FIREBASE WEB

Peatland water level monitoring systems have been developed to facilitate water level readings. Currently, car parking sensors are rarely used for this purpose. The tool used in this research is a hybrid technology of iot-based car parking sensors and data loggers. Water level (TMA) data is analyzed using a data logger and Firebase web. The data logger records data which is then integrated on the Firebase web to facilitate remote monitoring. Data (TMA) is sent every hour, so in one day the tool will send data 24 times. The status that can be seen from the Firebase web dashboard includes water level (TMA), water condition indicators (safe, caution, danger), last data update status, tool placement map, and a collection of data history. This research uses a pre-experiment method this tool requires a current of 200 mAh, a 10 watt peak solar panel, and a 12.5 ampere hour battery to turn on constantly. The utilization of ultrasonic sensor with esp 32 microcontroller is effective in recording Real-Time water level data. Iot plays an important role because it allows monitoring (TMA) from anywhere with internet availability. The maximum water level reading data occurred on November 31, 2023 at 40 cm from the peat soil surface and is comparable to the rainfall data on November 29, 2023 at 2.2 mm / day (Light Rain). The minimum water level reading occurred on December 16, 2023 at -5 cm (flooding) from the peat soil surface and was proportional to the rainfall data on December 16, 2023 of 53 mm/day (Heavy Rain). So it can be concluded that the minimum and maximum water level distance data fall into the safe category for peatland water levels that are between 0-40 cm (PP No. 57 of 2016).