Parking Research Articles

IoT-Enabled Smart Car Parking Management: Revolutionizing Urban Traffic Flow

IoT-Enabled Smart Car Parking Management: Revolutionizing Urban Traffic Flow

FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION CENTER BASED ON A TRANSPORTATION AND TRANSFER NODE

The article defines the features of the functional organization of public transport centres on the transport interchanges in combination with the station complex. The role of cut-off parking lots in the multifunctional structure placed in the nodes of the city's planning framework is emphasize. The advantages of using modern types of ecological public transport and means of alternative energy for the maintenance of transport interchanges are take into account. The study uses the method of analogue analysis and structural-functional analysis of foreign examples of public centres at transport interchanges. Proposals for the development of the Kyiv- Volynskyi station in conjunction with the Kyiv airport have been submit. It is recommend to block transport buildings with city objects of cultural and household purpose: hotel, transport agency, restaurant, cafe, shopping centre, rarely cinema and concert halls). As well as other forms of association, depending on local conditions and the amount of passenger traffic in the node. Car service opportunities should also: temporary parking lots, parking lots, storage garages, repairs, car inspections, etc. An important element of engineering is local transport systems: moving tracks, conveyors, escalators, elevators, etc. When using local transport systems, it is necessary to provide additional lines of escalators or lifts of a special type to serve people with reduced mobility. Separate blocks of the public transport centre can be unite with the help of underground and surface communications, which ensure the unhindered passage of pedestrians and the passage of vehicles.

Parking Slot Booking System using IOT

The escalating problem of finding parking spaces in urban areas and large organizations has led to the need for innovative solutions. To address this issue, we present a "Parking Slot Booking System Using IoT" that offers a smart and efficient way to manage parking spaces. Our system utilizes IoT devices such as Arduino Uno and infrared (IR) motion sensors to monitor parking slot availability in real-time. A user-friendly web application allows users to check the availability of parking slots, book slots in advance, and pay for their parking sessions seamlessly. The system aims to reduce the time and effort wasted in searching for parking spots, alleviate traffic congestion, and optimize parking space utilization. By providing users with real-time information about parking availability and automating the parking process, our system enhances user convenience and reduces environmental impact. Keywords: Parking Slot Booking, IoT, Arduino Uno, Infrared Motion Sensors, Web Application, Real-time Monitoring, Traffic Congestion Alleviation.

IOT Based Smart Parking System

Abstract: The problem faced by people in this modern era in urban areas is the problem of parking whether it is in shopping mall, railway station, hospitals, movie theatre, etc. This problem occurs due the increase of number of vehicles in recent times. Furthermore, today’s car parking is insufficient and driver/users waste most of the time in finding a place to park their vehicles. The purpose of this research is to use modern technologies like IoT (Internet of Things) and RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) which detects the availability of parking slots in the parking lots. Besides, the smart parking system has a web application which displays how many slots are available and alerts the user when status of the slot has changed. Additionally, the user details are added on the database. Hence, the smart parking system will provide a smooth functioning and will take the parking system to new levels

Integrated Notification System for Smart Parking Security Using Bot Telegram

Notification system for smart parking system is very important for parking security. The purpose of this research is to create a system used in parking security in the technical faculty of mataram university. The method used in this research is the flow of making a notification system using a telegram bot, namely determining the notification using a telegram bot and then creating a telegram bot that will send notifications to security guards, after the bot has been created, then coding the notification system so that the notification can run according to existing rules. The results showed that the notification system made runs according to predetermined rules as seen from the success of sending notifications to the security guard group. The conclusion is that the use of this notification system is a solution to parking security problems. This notification system can provide accurate information to security officers regarding information on vehicle data mismatches and vehicle license plates so that vehicles in the parking area can be monitored.

Smart Car Parking System and Generation of Piezoelectric Energy

Abstract: In the past few years, parking has become a costly commodity in virtually every major urban region on the earth, and scarcity is a contributing factor to traffic jam and air pollution in urban areas. The most popular method to obtain a parking place is to do it manually, in which the drivers looks for a parking area either through experience or by luck. This method takes time and effort, and it may result in the worst-possible situation of not finding a parking place if vehicle is in a place with a high vehicle density. An effort is made here to park the vehicle as well as to find a parking space for the vehicle with a framework of Smart Parking System(SPS) which is based on the law of conservation of energy in we basically convert the elements from mechanical energy into electrical energy. This document Allow user to Automatically find a free site for parking at low cost without wasting much fuel and time.

Karakteristik dan Kebutuhan Parkir Pada Taman Kopassus Banten

The research was conducted at Kopassus Park with the aim of determining Parking Characteristics, including Parking Accumulation, Vehicle Parking Volume, Parking Index, Turn Over, Parking Headway, and Parking Space Requirements. The survey was conducted for a duration of seven days. The data obtained consisted of vehicle entry and exit data for both cars and motorcycles. The research results showed that the maximum parking index for cars on June 18, 2023, was 56%, indicating that the demand for car parking space did not exceed the available parking capacity. Similarly, for motorcycles, the maximum parking index on June 23, 2023, was 28.3%, indicating that the demand for motorcycle parking space did not exceed the available capacity. The minimum headway for cars occurred on June 18, 2023, between 2:00 PM and 3:00 PM, with a value of 3 minutes per vehicle, while the minimum headway for motorcycles occurred on June 18, 2023, between 12:00 PM and 1:00 PM, with a value of 3.75 minutes per vehicle. The largest parking space requirement for cars on June 18, 2023, was 161 square meters, with the parking area for cars at Kopassus Park totaling 569.49 square meters, still able to accommodate vehicles during peak hours. The maximum parking space requirement for motorcycles on June 19, 2023, was 34.5 square meters, with the parking area for motorcycles at Kopassus Park totaling 121.20 square meters.

A learning‐based method for optimal dynamic privileged parking permit policy

AbstractThe privileged permit service can be provided as an alternative to the conventional meter and reserved services in the off‐street parking lots. In view of the unbalanced demand and the simplistic off‐street parking lot management, this paper proposes a novel parking management problem for setting up and withdrawing the temporary permit‐only policy. To optimize the access rule regarding uncertainty demand on the time of day and the utilization of the parking lot, a deep Q‐learning (DQL) method is proposed to address the uncertainty and dimensionality in the framework of deep reinforcement learning (DRL). To replicate real‐world demand pattern for training deep Q network, a short‐term parking demand model is presented by integrating the long‐short term memory neural network and multivariant Gaussian process. A case study is performed on urban parking lots on university campus. The numerical experiments of a rule‐based strategy, a tabular Q‐learning (TQL) method, and the proposed DQL method are conducted to justify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method outperforms the static (s, S) inventory policy by 65% and TQL with linear Q‐value estimation by 15% in the total revenue. The sensitivity analyses show the DQL method is capable to handle capacity‐reduced, demand‐increased, and special‐event scenarios while the comparable strategy underperforms the proposed method

PROTOTYPE SMART PARKING AT STMIK AKBA BASED ON MICROCONTROLLER USING RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID) TECHNOLOGY

This study aims to design a prototype smart parking using a microcontroller is expected to provide convenience for parking lot users at STMIK AKBA, making it easier for drivers to find out the availability of parking slots and where the location of the empty slots is in a parking lot and at the same time test the performance of the prototype using RFID. The results of this study indicate that using this system can provide information to parking users quickly and effectively. The results of the implementation of this system can run well based on the results of system testing in its use which get the results of the system's feasibility test with the average time for access takes 3 seconds and the average time for access to exit takes 6 seconds with a suitable category for use.

How Does the Built Environment Affect Mechanical Parking Space Planning: A Case Study in Xi’an City

Mechanical parking lots and spaces are known as the “energy saver” of urban space because of their small footprint, high efficiency, and environmental protection. However, the location and number of mechanical parking lots and space planning have become an important part of effectively exerting the function of mechanical parking lots. In order to explore the planning problem of mechanical parking lots, this study used the gradient boosting decision tree–Shapley additive explanations (GBDT-SHAPs) to measure the non-linear impact of the urban built environment on the mechanical parking spaces ratio and extract the optimal threshold of key variables. The results show that land use mix and distance to Bell Tower (CBD) are two key variables affecting mechanical parking space planning, and both have a non-linear relationship with the built environment. The threshold values are 0.83 and 7 km. The results will provide urban and transport planners with strategies for planning mechanical parking lots and spaces.

Map-based localization for intelligent vehicles based on fusion of multiple visual features in underground parking

The ‘last mile’ problem in intelligent car localization within underground parking lots presents challenges such as localization blind spots and feature extraction difficulties. To tackle these issues, this paper proposes a mapping and multiscale matching localization method based on the fusion of multiple feature sources using a ‘binocular mapping, monocular localization’ approach. By combining traditional features with deep learning features, the proposed method enhances feature matching accuracy and addresses feature extraction challenges. A sparse three-dimensional reconstruction method based on local feature-optical flow is also proposed to mitigate localization blind spots. During the mapping process, the underground parking lot scene is segmented into several nodes to store map information, each consisting of a feature layer, scene structure layer, and trajectory layer. In the multiscale matching localization process, ORB, LoFTR, and BoW multisource features are fused to achieve feature matching, determine the nearest node, and estimate vehicle pose using the PnP model through optical flow. Finally, a localization optimization algorithm outputs the localization result. Experiments were conducted across multiple underground parking lots encompassing a total area of over 100,000 square meters. The results demonstrated that the average error of map construction using the proposed algorithm is approximately 15 mm, and the average error rate of localization is 4.45%.

Research on the Expansion Application of Electronic Toll Collection System

Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) system is an important part of modern intelligent transport system, which plays an important role in intelligent car parks and congestion charging. Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) system includes automatic vehicle identification system and electronic billing system. The automatic vehicle identification system includes three parts: automatic vehicle identification (AVI), automatic vehicle model identification (AVC) and inspection system (ES).The application of ETC in intelligent car parks and congestion charging also includes automatic vehicle identification system (automatic vehicle identification, automatic vehicle model identification and inspection system) and electronic billing system. In intelligent car parks, ETC technology achieves fast and accurate automatic toll payment by automatically identifying the ETC tags carried by vehicles, which greatly improves the efficiency of car parks and reduces the queuing and waiting time due to manual toll collection. In terms of congestion charging, ETC technology provides an effective means to implement congestion charge collection. By setting up ETC toll lanes in core urban areas or busy road sections, the system can automatically record the information of the vehicles passing through and carry out toll settlement, thus realising dynamic toll collection according to the degree of congestion and the frequency of vehicle use. This congestion charging strategy aims to regulate urban traffic flow through economic means, alleviate traffic congestion and promote the sustainable development of urban transport. Although China's theoretical research on congestion charging, has been relatively mature, but affected by a variety of factors, no city has yet to start the implementation of congestion charging, the lack of experience in practice. Singapore will not stop the car charging system (ETC) technology successfully applied to urban congestion charging and intelligent car parks, ETC system in intelligent car parks and congestion charging application, help to promote the development of urban transport to a more intelligent, green direction. China can learn from the successful experience of foreign countries and apply it to its own intelligent car parks and congestion charging. This paper introduces the basic principle of ETC, discusses the research progress of ETC in terms of technical characteristics, and analyses the application scenarios of ETC in intelligent car parks and congestion charging. By examining the opportunities offered by Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) systems in smart car parks and congestion pricing, this study aims to delve into the transformative impacts of Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) systems on intelligent mobility and contribute to the sustainable development of intelligent mobility.

Environmental Quality Development Strategy in Central Government Areas: Case Study of Dompak Island, Riau Islands Province

Environmental quality refers to the state or condition of the environment in a particular area, taking into consideration various factors that affect the well-being of living organisms, including humans. It encompasses the health and sustainability of ecosystems, air, water, soil, and other natural resources. The interpretation of environmental quality as providing optimal carrying capacity for human survival implies that the environment should meet certain criteria to support human life and well-being. This research aims to find out how to apply and development strategy in providing regional facilities and infrastructure to optimize environmental quality on Dompak Island as the Central Government Area of the Riau Islands Province. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach through SWOT analysis. The research results found that the strategy for providing facilities and infrastructure to improve environmental quality on Dompak Island is by developing a drinking water supply system (SPAM), increasing drainage capacity, providing street lighting infrastructure, providing green open space, maintaining existing physical infrastructure, utilizing empty land. for the construction of parking lots, collaboration with other parties and strengthening regional management institutions. The novelty of this research involves various infrastructure components, effective use of resources, multi-party collaboration, institutional strengthening, and strategies based on SWOT analysis to achieve the goal of improving sustainable environmental quality on Dompak Island.

Strategi Masyarakat Lokal dan Pedagang Dalam Menciptakan Kenyamanan Bagi Wisatawan

This research was motivated by the large number of reports from tourists regarding the rampant acts of extortion and disrespectful attitudes carried out by local residents who work as parking attendants, traders, and so on. This became increasingly serious when this discomfort surfaced on social media and went viral, resulting in tourists thinking twice about visiting Carocok Beach in Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sumatra Province. If this is not addressed seriously, the impact will be felt by the regional government, local communities and traders, of course. However, efforts have been made to create comfort for tourists visiting Carokok Beach. This research uses qualitative methods accompanied by direct observations and interviews with parties who are considered capable of answering the problems in this paper. The results of this research show that: first, local people always try to be friendly towards tourists who visit Carocok Pesisir Selatan Beach, second, local people and local youth organizations investigate parties who commit extortion against tourists, third, local people maintain cleanliness tourist environment, fourth, do not increase car and motorbike parking fees arbitrarily, fifth, urge traders to be polite to tourists who shop, sixth, do not increase merchandise prices beyond the limit, seventh, ensure security for tourists by preparing security forces both from the Government and from the local community.

Exploring the prospects and challenges of sustainable urban mobility: Potential and limits of cycling in Venice

The Covid-19 pandemic has affected the travel behavior of commuters, with soft modes emerging as reliable options for short-distance trips. This research focuses on evaluating the bike-friendliness of Venice, Italy, a unique city for its morphological and mobility characteristics. When considering daily commuting between the mainland and the historic city center in the lagoon, the bicycle is not an adopted solution. Yet, the recent construction of a bicycle and pedestrian path that runs alongside the main bridge between the mainland and historical city could alleviate the pressure on public transport and the use of cars, especially in peak hours. This contribution evaluates the potential for using bicycles to reach the historic center of Venice from the mainland, and the appropriateness of the infrastructural equipment. The quantitative analysis examines the current supply and demand in absolute values and in terms of modal share. Projecting the number of actual users under different scenarios until 2030, in accordance with the Venice Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan and other relevant plans, the inadequate provision of parking areas for bikes emerges as an unsolved issue. A revision of the mobility layout is thus required if bicycles are expected to be a competitive alternative solution.

Analisis Strategi Pemasaran Syariah dalam Menarik Minat Beli Masyarakat di Toko Kue Shinta Bakery Simpang III Sipin Jambi

This study aims to determine whether the strategy carried out by the Shinta Bakery cake shop is going well or not and to find out how marketing strategies affect consumer behavior in buying cakes at the shinta bakery shop. This type of research is descriptive qualitative, which describes an event that has occurred or existing cases that provide a clear picture of the problem to be studied. The objects used in conducting this research are the community, employees and owners at the Shinta Bakery cake shop. The types of data used in this research include primary and secondary data. The methods used to collect data for this research are observation, interviews and documentation. Based on the discussion, it can be concluded as follows. First, In terms of Islamic Marketing Strategy, Toko Shinta Bakery has been in accordance with applying the concept of sharia marketing strategy, namely product, price, promotion, place. As well as applying the characteristics of Islamic marketing, namely Rabbaniyah, Akhlaqiah, Al-Waqiyah, Insaniyah. Second, the advantages and disadvantages of implementing sharia marketing strategies in Toko Shinta Bakery are, the advantages are selling products at affordable prices and good quality, the disadvantages are not managing their gofood franchise properly, lack of parking lots, and rarely giving discounts.

A novel approach to assess the health risk of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-bound contaminants via inhalation exposure using CYP1A1 expression as a biomarker

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and dioxins are potential causes of multiple diseases by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. Health risk assessment of chemicals primarily relies on the relative potency factor (RPF), although its accuracy may be limited when solely using EC50 values. The induction of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) serves as a biomarker for AhR activation and is an integrator of dioxin-like toxicity. Here, we present a method for evaluating the risks associated with AhR activation using mathematical models of dose-CYP1A1 induction. The dose-effect curves for certain PAHs and dioxins, including Ant, BghiP, 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD, and others, exhibited a non-classical S-shaped form. The toxic equivalent factor (TEF) profiles revealed a broad range of toxic equivalent factor values. The TEFs for PAHs ranged from approximately 0.01 to 6, with higher values being observed when the concentration was less than 10−10 M, with the exceptions of Ace, Phe, and BghiP. Most congeners of dioxins got the lowest TEF value at around 10−10 M, ranging from 0.04 to 1.00. The binding affinity of AhR to ligands did not display a strong correlation with the EC50 of CYP1A1 expression, suggesting that the AhR-mediated effects of PAHs and dioxins are not fixed but instead fluctuate with the dose. Air samples acquired from a parking area were used to compare the proficiency of RPF and our current approach. In the current method, naphthalene and chrysene were the primary contributors of PAHs to AhR-mediated risks in parking lots air samples, respectively. However, the contributions of naphthalene and chrysene could be disregarded in the RPF approach.

Study of Concrete Pavement at Chichpalli, Jambharla

Concrete pavement is a type of road surface made from a mixture of cement, water, and aggregates such as sand and gravel. It is a durable and long-lasting option for roads, highways, and parking lots due to its strength and resistance to wear and tear. The process of constructing concrete pavement involves preparing the subgrade, placing a base layer of aggregate material, and then pouring and finishing the concrete mixture on top. The concrete is typically reinforced with steel bars or fibers to improve its tensile strength and prevent cracking. Once the concrete pavement has been poured and cured, it provides a smooth and even surface for vehicles to travel on. It is also easy to maintain and repair, as damaged sections can be easily replaced or patched. Concrete pavement is a popular choice for infrastructure projects due to its durability, longevity, and low maintenance requirements

Research Paper on Smart Car Parking System

Ø With the ever-growing urbanization and the increasing number of vehicles on the road, efficient management of parking spaces has become a critical challenge in modern cities. In this project, we propose a smart car parking system based on Arduino micro controllers to address this issue. The system utilizes ultrasonic sensors to detect the presence of vehicles in parking spaces and employs RFID technology for vehicle identification. Ø The smart parking system offers several innovative features to enhance user experience and optimize parking space utilization. Users can conveniently locate available parking spaces through a mobile application or digital displays placed at strategic locations. The system also integrates with existing payment systems, allowing for seamless payment transactions and automated access control. Ø One of the key advantages of the proposed system is its scalability and flexibility. It can be easily deployed in various parking environments, including on-street parking, parking garages, and commercial parking lots. Furthermore, the use of open-source Arduino platforms ensures affordability and accessibility, making it suitable for implementation in both developed and developing regions. Ø In addition to improving parking efficiency and reducing traffic congestion, the smart parking system contributes to sustainability efforts by minimizing carbon emissions associated with vehicle circulation in search of parking spaces. It also provides valuable data insights for urban planners and policymakers to optimize parking policies and infrastructure planning. Ø Through this project, we demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of using Arduino-based technology to develop innovative solutions for urban parking management. The smart car parking system presented here serves as a practical demonstration of how IoT and embedded systems can contribute to creating smarter and more sustainable cities.

Shopping Mall Motorcycle Parking Lot Mobile Application: An Alternative Parking Payment Method

The purpose of this study is to address the current payment method for shopping mall motorcycle parking lot in Penang, Malaysia. The study aims to provide a shopping mall motorcycle parking mobile application for motorcyclists to pay the parking fee at shopping mall motorcycle parking lot in Penang Island which is commonly available at one designated location such as in the basement level or outdoor area. The project methodology used for this project is Rapid Application Development (RAD), which incorporates a prototyping approach enabling developers to implement valuable feedback before finalizing the product. This study results in M A R C as a shopping mall motorcycle parking lot mobile application that is the proposed solution that provides an alternative payment method for motorcyclists by introducing a payment method for motorcyclists through the mobile application. The mobile application was developed to provide additional information about the shopping mall motorcycle parking lot. Hence, the mobile application developed using Flutter should ease the payment process with the new alternative mobile application payment method and provide motorcyclists with the necessary information regarding the selected shopping mall motorcycle parking lot in Penang Island