Park Area Research Articles

ANALISIS KONDISI SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT SEKITAR TAMAN NASIONAL GANDANG DEWATA

Gandang Dewata National Park was designated as a conservation area because it has biodiversity and a unique ecosystem. Ecosystem types in this area are based on altitude or topographic conditions, namely Lowland Forest, Lower Mountain Forest, Upper Mountain Forest and Sub-Alpine Forest. This research aims to obtain an explanation of the socio-economic problems of the community around the Gandang Dewata National Park (TNGD), the level of community dependence on the National Park area and the contribution of income from the park to the total income of farmers. The research was carried out in Mamasa Regency in the TNGD Area, West Sulawesi Province. The method used in this research is interviews. Respondents in this study were chosen randomly. Data was analyzed descriptively qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of this research show that basic data and information regarding the socio-economic conditions of the people of Taupe Village, one of the TNGD buffer villages, shows that out of the 84 respondents interviewed, the socio-economic conditions of the people of Taupe Village work as farmers. 90% of this is because the village's irrigation conditions are still in good condition. The community is dependent on the area, namely 56% know the village boundaries and the location where the community lives is outside the area. Apart from that, the community's dependence on forests consists of rice fields and gardens. Utilization of forest products in the form of firewood, honey, aloes, bamboo, rattan and game products. Commodities based on agricultural, livestock, plantation and forestry products are coffee, cloves, cinnamon, patchouli, honey, cassava pork, aloes and broiler chicken. Most people (77%) do not know about TNGD

Impact of Urban Forest and Park on Air Quality and the Microclimate in Jinan, Northern China

Though the impact of urban vegetation on air quality and the microclimate has attracted increasing attention, there have been few studies quantitatively assessing this impact in North China, where air pollution is severe. In this study, we investigated the impact of urban forests and urban parks on air quality and the microclimate in Jinan, northern China. Six sites were chosen to represent urban forest, urban park, and downtown areas, respectively. The results indicate that urban forest can effectively reduce PM2.5 and ozone (O3) concentrations in the warm season, when temperatures are higher and plants are lush. The PM2.5 and O3 concentrations in the urban forest areas were 6.3–6.5 μg m−3 and 21–23 μg m−3 lower than those in downtown areas during the period of 10:00–15:00. In contrast, urban park areas can reduce PM2.5 concentrations but have little impact on gaseous pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide and O3. Furthermore, both urban forest and urban park areas reduced temperatures, by approximately 4.1–6.8 °C and 1.36 °C, respectively, and increased relative humidity, by about 13.4–12.9% and 0.9%, promoting a more comfortable thermal environment for residents. Therefore, this study highlights the crucial role of urban vegetation in improving air quality and creating a comfortable environment for residents.

PENYULUHAN PENCEGAHAN EROSI TANAH MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA BOOKLET KEPADA MASYARAKAT DI TAMAN LENTENG AGUNG PINGKAL JAKARTA SELATAN

Taman Lenteng Agung is located in Lenteng Agung Village, Jagakarsa District, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta. The park, which has an area of 14,000 m2, is a riparian zone. The riparian zone is a transitional space between rivers and land, which in the zone serves as a buffer from land. Several points in the Pingkal Park area are landslide-prone areas. One of the causes of intense soil movement on sloping land is a land management system that is not based on soil conservation principles. Perennials that can accommodate the soil are very limited in population on the slopes due to massive development. This community service activity aims to convey information about the function, benefits of riparian zones, erosion potential, and soil movement that can occur in Taman Pingkal. The method used in the implementation of this activity is in the form of socialization through booklet media. Participants were collected in the park and then given material through socialization by distributing booklets to activity participants. The socialization participants amounted to 15 people from the community and park managers who used the park for sports activities and recreational activities. The result obtained from this activity is that the manager and the community still do not know the functions and benefits of riparian zones, with this activity the community becomes aware of the functions and benefits of the park and has the desire to keep the park from being damaged. The use of booklet media can be an alternative for the community to obtain information about the functions and benefits of the park. Based on the results obtained from socialization activities, the dissemination of information to the community around the park needs to be expanded. The community needs to be involved in the management of the park as an open space. In addition, the attention of the local government to the sustainability and comfort of the park as an open space for the community is expected to be increased.

Implementing a vegetation-based risk index to support management actions in Mediterranean coastal dunes

Coastal dunes play a crucial role in mitigating sea-related impacts and safeguarding coastlines. However, increasing human influence and natural factors such as sea-level rise underscore the need for effective coastal risk assessment methodologies. This study introduces a comprehensive coastal risk index covering 24 km of the Italian coastline within the protected area of San Rossore Park (Tuscany, Italy). The study area, distinguished by its notable coastal dune ecosystems, holds naturalistic, cultural, and economic importance. Nevertheless, diverse uses, zoning, and human impact variables pose challenges.By incorporating geological, socioeconomic, cultural, and ecological parameters, the index integrates a range of data sources and field observations. This research focused on developing and applying a vegetation-based risk index (VRI) within a geographic information system (GIS) framework, recognizing the ecological importance of dune vegetation in mitigating coastal erosion. Analysisrevealed varying risk levels within the study area. Half of the San Rossore Park coastline exhibited low risk values, 37.5% had moderate risk values, and 12.5% had high risk values. The publicly accessible northernmost section displays excellent preservation of dune habitats but faces heightened risk due to anthropogenic impacts. Conversely, the central-southern portion, inaccessible to the public, registers high-risk levels linked to variables associated with coastal erosion.Furthermore, the results highlight areas with heightened cultural and ecological vulnerabilities aligned with elevated risk levels. The index facilitates clear and intuitive cartographic representations of coastal risk, identifying variable categories that substantially influence on risk determination. Tailored strategies, including mitigating human pressure in the northern sector and implementing erosion management in the central-southern region, are recommended.In summary, this study not only provides a practical tool for assessing and managing coastal areas and directing attention to specific threats but also supports stakeholders in informed decision-making. The VRI enhances global sustainable coastal conservation, deepening our understanding of coastal risks and providing valuable insights for effective management strategies.

The Challenges of The Digital Era When Making Reservations at Ragunan Wildlife Park DKI Jakarta

This research is entitled The Challenges of the Digital Era When Making Reservations at the Ragunan Wildlife Park DKI Jakarta. This research discusses the challenges of the digital era when making reservations at the Ragunan Wildlife Park DKI Jakarta. Previously, reservations required intensive efforts and relied on traditional sources of information, but with the development of technology, reservations have become more digital. This research has significant positive impacts on various aspects of life and business such as ease of reservation, operational efficiency and improved visitor experience. This research aims to determine the challenges faced in reservations at Ragunan Wildlife Park and find effective solutions to improve service quality and visitor experience. This research was conducted in the Ragunan Wildlife Park area, Pasar Minggu, Jakarta. The research method used was descriptive qualitative with SWOC analysis to identify factors affecting reservation challenges in the digital era. The results of the SWOC analysis show strategies to utilize strengths, overcome weaknesses, take advantage of opportunities, and overcome challenges. Strategy formulation includes updating the online reservation system, collaborating with third parties, improving technological infrastructure, and increasing server capacity.

Damselflies Found in Batu Putu Waterfall Nature Park

Batu Putu Waterfall Nature Park is one of the many local tourist destinations in Bandar Lampung City, yet biodiversity data of it is so scarce. Considering the fact that this area focused on its waterfall’s natural beauty and the river alongside it, it was deemed important to conduct a study to better understand local organism that have close relationship with freshwater bodies. This study aims to determine the damselfly species found in Batu Putu Waterfall Nature Park. Specimens were captured using insect nets along the waterfall and riverbed during the daytime in fine weather. These specimens were then preserved in an insectarium and later identified using taxonomic keys. The result found at least four species of damselflies were living in Batu Putu Waterfall Nature Park area. Those are Euphaea variegata, Vestalis luctuosa, Prodasineura sp, and Elattoneura sp.

Ağır Yük Araçları Park Alanlarının Karakteristikleri: Türkiye’ye Yönelik Bir İnceleme

Çekici, römork, yarı-römork, kamyon, tır ve diğer ağır yük araçlarının yol kenarları, rampalar, boş alanlar ve ara sokaklar gibi yerlere park etmesi, güvenlik riski oluştururken altyapıyı da olumsuz olarak etkilemektedir. Uzun mesafeli yük taşımacılığı için kullanılan iyi aydınlatılmış, güvenli, emniyetli, konforlu ve yerleri belirlenmiş park alanları sayesinde ağır vasıta araç sürücülerinin stresinin azalması, sürücü, yük ve trafik güvenliği ile emniyetinin artması mümkün olabilmektedir. Uygun park alanlarının yetersiz olması veya bulunmaması, tedarik zinciri ve lojistik hizmetlerinin verimliliği ile rekabet gücünü etkileyen ulusal ölçekte bir kavram olarak karşımıza çıkabilmektedir. Bu doğrultuda üst seviye yönetim iradesi ile ulusal ölçekte ve bütüncül bir yaklaşımla ihtiyaç, fayda ve maliyet analizi sonuçları dikkate alınarak merkezi çözümler geliştirilmesinin ağır yük araçlarının park ihtiyacının giderilmesine yönelik uygun bir yöntem olacağı değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çözümlerin sağlanmasında düzenleme, teşvik ve destekler önemli imkanlar sunacaktır. Uygun planlanma ve tasarımla, doğru yerlerde konumlandırılan nitelikli ve yeterli tır parklarının, sürdürülebilir ve sağlıklı toplum hedefleri ile ekonomik kalkınmaya katkısı olacağı öngörülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yük taşımacılığı sürecinin gerektirdiği dinlenme, güvenlik, bakım gibi konularda ihtiyacı karşılayacak yeterli tır parkı alanı sağlanması için mevcut uygulama ve başarılı örnekleri değerlendirerek bir yol haritası ortaya koymaktır. Literatür taramasıyla ulusal ve uluslararası ölçekte mevzuat, proje ve raporlar ile teknik şartnameler, resmi ve özel kurumların internet sayfaları incelenerek araştırma makalesi olarak düzenlenen bu çalışmanın; taşımacılık sektöründe yer alan işletme, girişim ve çalışanlar ile politika yapıcılara ve sektörün diğer tüm paydaşlarına faydalı olması ve literatüre katkı sağlaması hedeflenmektedir.

KEANEKARAGAMAN SERANGGA PADA TIGA TIPE VEGETASI DI BLOK LAMBOSIR TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG CIREMAI

This study aims to determine the diversity of insects and their role in 3 different land covers, namely mixed forest, shrubs and calliandra vegetation in the Lambosir Block area of Gunung Ciremai National Park. This research was carried out in the Lambosir Block in the Gunung Ciremai National Park area in February - June 2022 using 5 traps, namely Butterfly net, Sweep net, Light trap, Aerial bait trap and Yellow Trap. using the total density, frequency and the Shanon Weiner Diversity Index. The results showed that on the land cover of shrubs, calliandra and mixed forests, 42 species of insects were found from 8 orders with 246 individual species with a diversity value of 3.18 or in the high category. The 8 orders found in 3 land covers included Coleoptera 4 species, Diptera 3 species, Hemiptera 4 species, Hymenoptera 4 species, Lepidoptera 23 species, Odonata 1 species, Orthoptera 2 species and Phasmatodea 1 species. In addition to the high diversity category, insects that exist in 3 land covers have various roles such as pollinators, decomposers, assisting ecological succession, bio indicators and predators. The correlation between land cover with the number of species and the number of individual species based on the Scatter plot has a correlation value of 91%.
 Keywords; Diversity, insect, conservation, rehabilitation zone, Lambosir

РЕКРЕАЦИОННЫЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВА ГОРОДА, ИХ ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ Г. БЕЛГОРОДА)

The article is devoted to the problem of the state of public recreational spaces in modern cities, including Belgorod. The relevance of this problem is conditioned by the fact that such structures are not only an integral part of the cultural life of citizens, they constitute the ecological framework of any city, which makes life in it comfortable and gives an impetus to its active development. Thus, the reconstruction of park areas and their integration into park urban complexes will allow to use the territory more effectively, to adjust it to the ever-changing demands of society. The authors of the article considered the main features of the territories of different types of landscaping and different purposes of public urban leisure, analyzed the zones of several parks of Belgorod on the subject of landscaping and functional filling. Such an analysis of the urban planning situation will allow to better see the relationship of public recreational spaces in the city, to identify positive and negative qualities, to better understand the directions of their development. As a result of the study, an assessment of the current state of public recreational structures in the city is formulated, and proposals to improve their condition are put forward with some recommendations. Modernization of parks and other recreational spaces with saturation of them with new functional zones will be one of the factors of sustainable development of the city

MICROBIAL AIR POLLUTION IN POLTAVA

Regular monitoring of air quality indicators, including microbial composition, is crucial for public health and should be a cornerstone of national healthcare policy. However, existing scientific literature lacks comprehensive data on microbial air pollution in Ukraine, particularly in Poltava and its surrounding areas. This study aims to assess the level of microbial air pollution across various districts within Poltava city.
 Materials and methods. The Koch sedimentation method was used to assess the level of microbial air pollution in the districts of Poltava. For this purpose, atmospheric air sampling was taken in park zones of various districts in the city of Poltava during October 2023. For comparison, air samples were taken in deciduous and coniferous forests of villages adjacent to the city. According to the results of cultivation, the total microbial count (TCM) of the air in 1 m3 of each sample was calculated separately.
 Statistical analysis of the obtained results was carried out using the standard Microsoft Excel 2019 and GraphPad Prism Software 10.1.0 software packages. (US, 2023).
 Results. The study has revealed the greatest microbial pollution of atmospheric air was found in Pavlenkivskyi Park (Kyiv District, Poltava City). The air quality index of atmospheric air in Corpusnyi Park turned out to be 4 times lower, compared to the air index of the Kyiv district. During the cultivation of atmospheric air samples taken in the Voiniv-Afghantsiv park (Shevchenkivskyi district of the city), the TCM was determined to be 8.2 times lower than that of the Pavlenkivskyi park. Interestingly, the "Peremoha" park (Shevchenkivskyi district) exhibited the lowest levels of microbial contamination. Overall, the Podilskyi district demonstrated favorable air quality indicators, surpassed only by the "Peremoha" park. However, it's important to note the presence of hemolytic streptococci in this district, which poses a potential health risk.
 Conclusion. The highest level of microbial air pollution has been found in the Kyiv district of Poltava, the lowest level is within the boundaries of the Shevchenkivskyi district on the territory of the "Peremoha" park. Microbiological air quality in Poltava's park areas exhibits an inverse relationship with proximity to the city's central roads.

Using anonymized mobility data to reduce inequality in the availability and use of urban parks

Abstract Parks are an integral component of cities. Ensuring city residents have equitable and easy access to parks is crucial for human well‐being. In temperate climates, park accessibility is particularly important in the summer months when these green spaces provide an area to recreate, exercise and escape indoor temperatures and heat emanating from paved and built surfaces. However, there are well‐known disparities in park accessibility in cities globally that may threaten the health of city residents, especially with global warming. We examined some of the largest city parks (>50 ha) in Toronto, Canada, by comparing park activity, housing demographics and daily weather patterns. We found that parks that provided more green space area per resident were situated in neighbourhoods that had higher proportions of single‐detached housing, higher automobile use and fewer multistorey apartments. We also found a strong correlation between park activity with population density and the number of amenities in the park. Surprisingly, we found no relationship between park activity and daily weather patterns, although park use was higher on weekends and holidays. These results suggest denser communities are at a disadvantage because they have proportionately less park area within walking distance in addition to having no private green spaces (e.g. backyards). We recommend revising municipal zoning around certain parks and the creation of new green spaces as methods to balance park provisioning in the city. Our findings suggest that designing and maintaining accessible, amenity‐rich parks is an important strategy for promoting health and well‐being in urban populations. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Evaluation of ecotourism suitability based on AHP-GIS: Taking Xiaoxiangling area of the Giant Panda National Park and the surrounding communities as an example.

The primary goal of national parks is to protect ecological environment, but also with the functions of scientific research, education, and recreation. Aiming for the realization of universal sharing, we used the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to construct an ecotourism suitability evaluation system by selecting four factors, including landscape resources, ecological environment carrying capacity, recreation utilization capacity and social condition, taking Xiaoxiangling area of Giant Panda National Park and the surrounding communities as an example. We evaluated the ecotourism suitability based on GIS, and conducted a questionnaire survey of tourists, to propose suggestions on the functional zoning in terms of ecotourism suitability and subjective choice preferences of tourists. The results showed that the ecotourism suitability of the evaluation area could be classified into five levels. The most suitable areas were located nearby the natural landscape resources and far away from the core conservation area, and the least suitable areas distributed at the edge of the core conservation area. According to the results of suitability analysis, the evaluation area was divided into suitable development area, moderate development area, and restricted development area. Combined with the tourist preferences, we divided the recreational activities in the evaluation area into seven activities, namely, ecotourism, eco-camping, science education, leisure vacation, agricultural and animal husbandry culture experience, eco-education, and mountain adventure. These findings could help provide suitable services for different tourists and offer reference for the ecotourism developmental planning of the Xiaoxiangling area of the Giant Panda National Park.

Kursk Fortress: on the Question of the Borders of Natural Defense Fortentions

Relevance. This article is an attempt at a comparative analysis of the changes in the central part of Kursk that occurred during the implementation of the master plan for the construction of the city. This topic is poorly represented in the scientific literature, and therefore is relevant and in demand.The purpose of the article: on the basis of available materials (plans, drawings, photographs) to determine the boundaries of the medieval defensive ditch of the city of Kursk and its influence on the city plan.The objectives arise from the set goal: to find the boundaries of the Kursk medieval fortress; find out how the ditch was «fitted» into the new plan of Kursk; establish the location of the defensive ditch.Methodology. The article is based on the general principles of historicism, scientific objectivity and consistency. In addition to the above principles, the reconstruction method and the comparative historical method were used.Results. Thanks to the method of superimposing city plans and satellite images of the city, the location of the defensive ditch of Kursk as it was at the end of the 18th century was established. The possible boundaries of the medieval fortress and the location relative to existing buildings have been established, taking into account the repeated changes in the relief of the central part of the city. The boundaries of the moat were established on the northern and western sides of the fortress.Conclusion. In the work done, the probable boundaries of the medieval city and the location of the defensive moat on the north and west sides were established. The width and depth of the moat in the Pervomaisky Park area were also determined. A time frame has been set for filling in the defensive structure in connection with the implementation of the urban development plan of 1782.

The positive effect of blue luminescent pathways on urban park visitor’s affective states: A virtual reality online study measuring facial expressions and self-reports

The colour blue often elicits feelings of calmness and contentment, for which evidence has largely been provided in daytime settings. It is unclear whether pathways illuminated in blue, for example, in urban recreational park areas at night confers the same positive impact on night time park visitors. To tackle this open empirical question, we investigated how adding blue self-luminous pavement to park lighting at night time affects park visitors’ emotions compared to conventional white street light illumination. Our goal is to inform design decisions aimed at enhancing the emotional well-being of people outdoors at night in urban environments. Participants’ emotional response was captured at four different time points while watching a video of a walk in a virtual urban park at night, which was lit with white street lights only or with the addition of blue luminescent pavement on the walked paths (between-subject design). To capture visitor’s emotions, we used a simplified version of the Geneva Emotion Wheel (GEW) instrument and online facial expression recognition technology as subjective (self-reports) and objective (physiological) measures of emotion, respectively. The results of the GEW self-reports showed that the addition of a blue self-luminous pavement in a park during night time yielded more positive affect than standard white lighting in park visitors for the first half of the walk. In the second half of the walk through the park, participants’ affective states seemed to equalize between the two lighting conditions. In contrast, sensory data on facial expressions indicated no difference between participants’ emotional states over the whole walk in the two experimental conditions. Consistent with the positive emotional state perceived in the second half of the walk, the state of relaxation experienced after the walk also did not differ between the two lighting conditions. Furthermore, participants’ relaxation judgements after the park walk were more negative overall for females than the more neutral ratings of males. Our results highlight the importance of lighting colour at night for the design of future affect-smart cities that may consider individual and group characteristics with the ultimate intent of promoting public well-being.

List of Orchid Species along the Northern Trekking Route of Mount Binaiya, Seram Island, Maluku - Indonesia

Orchidaceae is widely distributed on Earth with major distribution in the tropical regions, including Indonesia. Seram Island located in Maluku Province Indonesia has a high potential to become a habitat for various species of Australasian orchids. Orchid diversity tends to be related to altitude variations in the area that indirectly contribute to creating microclimate variations. One area on Seram Island with various variations in altitude is Mount Binaiya within the Manusela National Park area. This study aims to identify orchid species found on Mount Binaiya. The exploration method was used on the northern trekking route of Mount Binaiya, divided into Waisamata, Kanikeh, Waiansela, and Waihuhu areas. Based on the result, 47 species of orchids were obtained, which belong to the subfamilies Epidendroideae (35 species), Orchidoideae (11 species), and Vanilloideae (1 species). Based on the life form, 25 species were epiphytes, while 22 species were terrestrial orchids. Waisamata had the highest number of species (23 species), followed by Waiansela (14 species), Waihuhu (14 species), and Kanikeh (8 species). Of all these species, some that need further research are Corybas spp., Cyrtosia nana, Pterostylis papuana, Glomera papuana, and Mediocalcar pygmaeum. Some species are new records in their distribution or rediscoveries of existing records.

Analisis Peran dan Fungsi Science Techno Park, Technology Transfer Office dan Technology Business Incubator untuk Mendukung Proses Komersialisasi Hasil Riset Perguruan Tinggi (Studi Kasus: Universitas Telkom)

The government has launched a program to increase research in universities and commercialize research results in order to improve the economy and foster an entrepreneurial spirit from an early age, besides that it is expected to have an impact on society and the surrounding environment to support the era of globalization and digitalization which is increasingly developing today. the purpose of this study is to re-identify how the role and function of each of these entities in order to support the commercialization of research results of the Telkom University academic community and how the entities relate to each other which can be mapped through the Entity Relationship Diagram. this research uses qualitative research. The object of research is the technology transfer office, technology business incubator, and science techno park incorporated in the Bandung Techno Park area. The results of this study indicate that the function and role of STP is to create a culture of entrepreneurship and commercialize innovative products from the Telkom University academic community. the function and role of TTO is to protect Intellectual Property from the results of innovative products and commercialize in the form of Industrial Licensing or Cooperation contracts. The function and role of TBI is to develop entrepreneurship programs, business incubation and form spinoff companies. The relationship between these three entities is that STP oversees innovation products from upstream to downstream in its area, which is the Directorate of BTP and PPM. TTO helps the process of being born from the innovation products escorted by STP, which can be said to be BTP as a whole more specifically in the KI&TTO Center, then also PT BUT. TBI is in the middle of STP and TTO whether it needs to be incubated or can be directly commercialized, which is the BTP Incubator and Business Innovation (IIB) unit.

Spatial heterogeneities of residents' sentiments and their associations with urban functional areas during heat waves– a case study in Beijing

The intensification of global heat wave events is seriously affecting residents' emotional health. Based on social media big data, our research explored the spatial pattern of residents' sentiments during heat waves (SDHW). Besides, their association with urban functional areas (UFAs) was analyzed using the Apriori algorithm of association rule mining. It was found that SDHW in Beijing were characterized by obvious spatial clustering, with hot spots predominately dispersed in urban areas and far suburbs, and cold spots mainly clustered in near suburbs. As for the associations with urban function areas, green space and park areas had significant effects on the positive sentiment in the study area, while a higher percentage of industrial areas had a greater impact on negative SDHW. When it comes to combined UFAs, our results revealed that the green space and park area combined with other functional areas was more closely related to positive SDHW, indicating the significance of promoting positive sentiment. Subdistricts with a lower percentage of residential and traffic areas may have a more negative sentiment. There were two main combined UFAs that have greater impacts on SDHW: the combination of residential and industrial areas, and the combination of residential and public areas. This study contributes to the understanding of improving community planning and governance when heat waves increase, building healthy cities, and enhancing urban emergency management.

Vegetational and Structural Features of Forest Clearings in Plitvice Lakes National Park

The impact of various ecological factors, biogeographical position and both former and current anthropogenic activity in Plitvice Lakes National Park greatly influenced the development of different habitat types, including forest clearings. Due to the insufficient knowledge of this habitat type, based primarily on general descriptions within the National Habitat Classification of the Republic of Croatia (NN 27/2021, NN 101/2022), this paper deals with presenting their vegetational and structural characteristics in the national park area. The following taxonomic keys were used to determine plant species: Tutin et al. (1964-1980), Pignatti (1982), Javorka and Csapody (1991) and Martinčič et al. (1999). Furthermore, scientific nomenclature of plant species was conducted using Flora Croatica Database (Nikolić 2012), while threat status was aligned by the Red Book of Vascular Flora of Croatia (Nikolić and Topić 2005). Also, protection level was adjusted according to the Regulation on strictly protected species (NN 144/2013, NN 73/2016). Spectrum of life forms and chorological types were aligned according to Pignatti (2005). Vegetation was studied in accordance with the principles of the Braun-Blanquet approach (Braun-Blanquet 1964). Together with the basic parameters of the selected plots, the research also included the collection of structural parameters of forest clearings according to Medak et al. (2023). Based on conducted research, a total of 98 plots of forest clearing habitats were established with a total of five different forest clearing communities. The largest number of forest clearing communities belonged to Salicetum capreae, followed by Eupatorietum cannabini, Atropetum bella-donae, Telekium speciosae and Rubetum idaei. A total of 257 species of vascular plants were identified in the area and classified into 60 families. The most represented family was Asteraceae, while the highest relative representation of life-forms belonged to hemicryptophytes (H). Furthermore, the most represented chorologycal type in the area was Eurasian (20.6%). The habitat type contained a total of 11 strictly protected (SZ), 6 nearly threatened (NT), 3 vulnerable (VU), 2 data-deficient (DD) and 4 endemic species. In addition, the largest number of plots had an anthropogenic origin, irregular type (shape), occupied a small area (less than 1000 m2) and were located along the edges of both forests and forest roads. The results of this paper represent the first vegetational and structural data of forest clearings in the national park area which contribute to an expansion of our knowledge and understanding of this habitat type, and form a starting point for the necessary future research.

Spatial Analysis of the Level of Accessibility of the Bobo Village Community in the Lore Lindu National Park Area

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat aksesibilitas masyarakat di kawasan Konservasi Taman Nasional Lore Lindu dan mengetahui tingkat aksesibilitas masyarakat dalam menjangkau kawasan yang telah dipilih berdasarkan ketentuan Perjanjian Kerjasama (PKS) antara Taman Nasional Lore Lindu dengan pihak Taman Nasional Lore Lindu. Pemerintahan Desa Bobo Tahun 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis spasial dengan lima variabel yaitu penggunaan lahan, kemiringan lereng, dan jarak dari jalan, sungai, dan pemukiman. Penentuan bobot masing-masing variabel menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) dengan sumber dari masyarakat Desa Bobo dan Lembaga Pengelola Konservasi Desa Bobo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan metode AHP penggunaan lahan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat aksesibilitas masyarakat dengan bobot sebesar 52,3%, diikuti parameter lain yaitu kemiringan lereng sebesar 26,8%, jarak dari jalan utama sebesar 11,3%, jarak dari sungai sebesar 3 ,4%, dan jarak dari pemukiman sebesar 6,2%. Selanjutnya diperoleh tiga kelas tingkat aksesibilitas masyarakat Desa Bobo: rendah seluas 390,94 ha (96%), sedang seluas 17,76 ha (4%) dan tinggi sekitar 0,11 ha. (0%).

Analysis of cold island effect in city parks from the perspectives of maximum and cumulative values – a case study of Xi'an City

The continuous process of urbanization and climate change has led to severe urban heat island (UHI) effects. Constructing parks with cooling capabilities is considered an effective measure to alleviate UHI effects. However, most studies only quantify the cooling effect from a maximum value perspective, lacking a measure of temperature diffusion in space. This study combines the perspectives of maximum value and accumulation to define a cold island index, quantifying the cooling effect of 40 urban parks in the main urban area of Xi'an city. The results show that, on average, urban parks can reduce the surrounding environment by approximately 2.3℃, with a cooling range of about 127.1ha, which is three times the park area. Different factors drive the measurement of the cooling effect using different cold island indexes, but all indexes are highly correlated with green space area. There are significant differences in the cooling effect among different types of parks, and overall, ecological parks have the best cooling effect. The directional spread of internal cold islands in parks is most related to park shape, while external spread is related to surrounding green spaces. The research results have practical value in the construction of parks with cooling effects and the sustainable development of cities in urban planning processes..