Parity Of Mother Research Articles

Maternal and neonatal factors’ effects on wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cell yield

As Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are easily accessible, easy to isolate, and ethically acceptable, they represent a promising source of MSCs for use in regenerative medicine. Considering decisions on WJ-MSCs collection requires extensive knowledge of the factors that impact their yield. This study's aim was to evaluate the influence of parameters related to mothers and newborns on the WJ-MSCs yield. The WJ-MSCs were isolated and expanded after being isolated from 79 umbilical cord (UC) samples. Population doubling time and cell proliferation were assessed. By flow cytometry analysis, WJ-MSCs were identified by positivity of CD105, CD90, and CD73 and negativity of CD45 and CD34. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between UC width and P1 doubling time. Maternal age and WJ-MSC yield were shown to be negatively correlated. Birth weight and gestational age showed a significant positive correlation between WJ-MSCs yield and neonatal variables. No significant correlations were detected between the WJ-MSCs and the mother parity, nor the neonatal sex, fetal presentation, or head circumference. The WJ-MSCs yield increases with younger maternal age, higher gestational age, and increased neonatal birth weight. Hence, consideration should be given to these factors when selecting the ideal donors.

Prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of birth defects in central China livebirths, 2015-2022.

This study analyzed the prevalence, epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of birth defects among livebirths in central China, aiming to provide evidences for the prevention of birth defects and government Decision-makings. Birth data from China's Hubei Province between 2015 and 2022 were collected, including basic information of the livebirths, the mothers and the fathers, as well as information about delivery and each prenatal examination. The livebirths prevalence of birth defects was calculated and the trends were mapped. The basic characteristics of birth defects were evaluated by the difference analysis between case and health groups. Univariate and multivariate Poisson regression was performed to examine the independent risk factors for birth defects. Among 43,568 livebirths, 166 livebirths were born with birth defects, resulted in a total prevalence rate of 3.81 per 1,000 livebirths, showing a remarkable uptrend from 0.41per 1,000 livebirths in 2015 to 9.23 per 1,000 livebirths in 2022. The peak of the prevalence was in January and February. Congenital malformation of the musculoskeletal system was the main type of birth defect in central China livebirths, followed by cleft lip and cleft palate. Overall, newborns with birth defect had significantly earlier delivery gestational age, poorer health and higher proportion of infants with low birth weight than healthy births. The gender of livebirths, excess weight at delivery (≥80 kg) of mothers, more than 2 times of gravidity or parity of mothers, and advanced paternal age (≥40 years) were independent risk factors for birth defects (or specific birth defects). The livebirths prevalence of birth defects shows increasing trend in central China, which deserves the attention of the government and would-be parents. Elevated paternal age, excess maternal weight, gravidity and parity should be considered when planning their families.

464 Awardee Talk: Gastrointestinal tract physiology in young pigs

Abstract It is indeed a great privilege to have been awarded the 2024 American Feed Industry Association Award in Nonruminant Nutrition Research. I am honored to follow in the footsteps of many great non-ruminant nutritionists in the industry. I commenced my career in the pork industry with a PhD in digestive nutritional physiology focusing on the newly weaned piglet that, some 35 yr later, is still the subject of significant interest amongst researchers, veterinarians and practitioners, and producers alike. My research was amongst the first to demonstrate direct relationships between voluntary feed intake after weaning and structure and function of the small intestine, corresponding to production consequences. To circumvent intestinal tract disturbances after weaning, antibiotic growth promotors (AGPs)/prophylactic levels of antibiotics and mineral compounds (e.g., ZnO) were routinely included in diets. With the withdrawal of AGPs and in some jurisdictions, in-feed medications and ZnO, the commercial importance of maximizing feed intake in the post-weaning period, with appropriate inclusion of fiber and selected feed additives, has become even more apparent. Some of the more recent work I have been involved in, still involving the gastrointestinal tract, has explored the interrelationships as to why progeny born to first-litter sows perform worse than progeny born to multiparous sows. This is a global issue for the pork industry, especially in view of increasing litter size, yet remains one that has been relatively underexplored. A series of Australian studies using primiparous and multiparous sows, and their progeny conducted on commercial farms confirmed these findings, and reported some significant physiological, immunological, and anatomical differences between piglets born to different parity mothers. Piglets born to first-litter sows are born and weaned lighter than their counterparts born to older sows, suggesting they suffer poorer acquisition of maternal immunity and delays in intestinal tract development and skeletal muscle both in utero and soon after birth, and around weaning. Piglets born to first-litter sows enter weaning with reduced intestinal tract integrity and show some signs of reduced immunocompetence, which taken together, may impede their ability to cope with the stressors of weaning. Weaned piglets are typically treated collectively and are not managed by parity, but lifelong consequences of being born to a first-litter sow suggests further work needs to be done in this field. Gastrointestinal tract structure and function in piglets, and indeed in all neonates, is intricately associated with ‘gut health’, which was a term not even in the lexicon of the pork industry when I began my career. It is pleasing to see that the study of the gastrointestinal tract continues today, stronger than ever, as advances in science and methodologies allow for greater introspection of this organ and its multi-directional influences on the biology of the pig.

Calf morbidity and mortality rates Associated risk factors in smallholder dairy farms in Kembata Tembaro zone, Southern Ethiopia

A study was carried out in the Kembata Tembaro Zone of Southern Ethiopia, focusing on both prospective cohort and cross-sectional surveys. The objective was to measure the rates of calf sickness and death and to pinpoint the factors that contribute to these conditions. Over 180 days, 140 newborn calves from selected small-scale dairy farms were studied. The study evaluated the prevalence of illness, mortality, and specific diseases by calculating incidence rates. Results indicated a 41.7% risk of illness and a 9.5% mortality rate among calves. Factors such as the calf's condition at birth, birth location/environment, the surface on which the calf was born, timing of the first colostrum intake, maternal parity, calf breed, and the breeding service technique significantly influenced mortality rates. Similarly, these factors were also significantly linked to the crude morbidity rate. Calves born naturally were at a lower risk of sickness (HR=0.6, p=0.001) compared to those assisted. Calves born indoors had a lower risk of sickness (HR=0.9, p=0.008) than those born outdoors. Calves that received colostrum within six hours of birth had a lower risk of sickness (HR=0.6, p=0.009) than those that received it later. Additionally, the study found that the floor of the birth place, the mother's parity, the breed of the calf, and the technique of the breeding service were additional risk factors for calf sickness. The time of the first colostrum intake, the mother's parity, and the calf's birth condition were also significant risk factors for calf death.

The Relationship Of Mother's Knowledge And Characteristics On The Slowness Of The Process Of Early Breastfeeding Initiation in the Practiceof Midwifer Feronika Hutajulu

A mother can prevent her baby from dying in the first month of life if she breastfeeds her baby within 60 minutes after birth. However, the lack of knowledge and understanding of parents, doctors or health workers about the importance of IMD, as well as the reluctance to implement IMD, makes its implementation difficult. One of the reasons for the success or failure of IMD lies in the midwife. Because they are the ones who encourage and educate postpartum mothers to implement IMD. This research is included in the type of analytical research using a cross-sectional research design. The general aim of the research is to determine the relationship between maternal characteristics and early breastfeeding practices after giving birth. Meanwhile, specifically, this research seeks to identify the relationship between maternal knowledge, attitudes, age and parity of postpartum mothers who practice early breastfeeding at the Feronika Hutajulu Midwife Practice. Sampling was carried out using a non-probability sampling technique with a total sampling method of 26 people. Data collection uses a questionnaire. From analysis of research data using the chi-square test with a confidence level of 5% (a=0.05) knowledge data had a p value of 0.000, attitude data had a p value of 0.000, age data had a p value of 0.014, and parity data had a p value of 0.020. So it can be concluded that there is a relationship between maternal knowledge, maternal attitude, maternal age and maternal parity on the implementation of IMD.

Description of Age and Parity with the Occurrence of Sectio Caesarea in Maternity Women in Cilegon City Regional Hospital for the Period July - December 2023

Caesarean section delivery has a 25 times greater risk of death, compared to vaginal delivery. From the research results, it was found that the incidence of Caesarean section delivery in the Cilegon City Regional Hospital for the period July-December 2022 was 153 out of 344 people or (44%). The aim of this research is to determine the description of the age and parity of mothers giving birth and the incidence of caesarean section deliveries in the period July - December 2022. The research method used is descriptive research using simple random sampling techniques. The results of this study show that 42 respondents (54.5%) still found mothers who experienced caesarean section. In the age category, a higher proportion was found in the non-risk age group, 54 people (70.1%). For parity in the at-risk group there were 59 people (76.6%). A higher proportion of mothers who experienced caesarean section occurred in the non-risk group, namely 28 people (52%). The proportion of mothers who experienced caesarean section was higher in the primipara group, 12 people (67%) and in the multipara group, 30 people (51%). Suggestions for educational institutions are that the results of this research can be well documented to be used as a reference source for further research, for health services it is hoped that they will be able to maintain services in accordance with standards, for future researchers they can add variables and broader and more accurate insight.

The Effectiveness of Oral Stimulation on the Suction Reflex in LBW Babies in the Perinatology Room at RSUD dr. Abdul Rivai Berau

Efforts to treat Low Birth Weight (LBW) babies to increase body weight while in hospital is by providing direct breast milk; however, there is a weakness in suction power in LBW babies. Oral stimulation is necessary to increase the suction reflex to overcome this. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of oral stimulation on the sucking reflex in LBW babies. This was a pre-experimental study and One Group Pre-Test – Post-Test design without a control group. The population was LBW babies in the Perinatology Room at dr. Abdul Rivai Hospital has 30 babies, based on the Roscoe formula, and has a sample of 20 people. Data analysis used the Friedman test. Characteristics of respondents: mostly gestational age 28-36 weeks (60%), female gender (60%), baby weight between 1,500-2,499 grams (55%), mother's age > 35 years (50%), mother's education graduated from high school (47.1%), parity of multiparous mothers (60%) and mother's occupation as housewife (60%). The sucking reflex in LBW babies before being given oral stimulation was completely lacking by 20 respondents (100%). The sucking reflex in LBW babies after being given oral stimulation was perfect for 20 respondents (100%). Oral stimulation was influential on the sucking reflex in LBW babies (p-value = 0.000 < ?: 0.05). This indicates that oral stimulation is effective on the sucking reflex in LBW babies. Hospitals are expected to make oral stimulation of Standard Operational Procedure for routine activities carried out by nurses and physiotherapists to improve the sucking reflex in LBW and LBW babies.

Relationship of Characteristics of Mothers and Nutritional Status of Tolls in Puskesmas Suka Mulia Nagan Raya District

The factors that influence the nutritional status of children under five are very substantial to be studied. This aims to find out what factors are related so that power action and efforts to improve nutrition can be taken in the community. Because health is a form of human right which is explicitly mandated by the 1945 Constitution. Education and time for mothers and the health of parents, especially mothers, are one of the causes of malnutrition in toddlers. This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal characteristics and the nutritional status of children under five at the Suka Mulia Public Health Center, Nagan Raya Regency. The research procedure was by measuring body weight, mothers of children under five were given a nutritional status questionnaire. Data analysis using the Chi-square test showed that from 45 samples. The majority of children's nutritional status is good (77.8%). There was no relationship between maternal age and nutritional status of children under five at the Suka Mulia Public Health Center, Nagan Raya Regency (p=0.519). There is a relationship between mother's knowledge and nutritional status of children under five at the Suka Mulia Public Health Center, Nagan Raya Regency (p = 0.001). There is a relationship between maternal education and the nutritional status of children under five at the Suka Mulia Health Center, Nagan Raya Regency (p = 0.005). There is no relationship between mother's work and the nutritional status of children under five at the Suka Mulia Public Health Center, Nagan Raya Regency (p=0.070). There is a relationship between maternal parity and the nutritional status of children under five at the Suka Mulia Public Health Center, Nagan Raya Regency (p=0.003). From the results of the study, it can be concluded that knowledge, occupation, education and parity of mothers are related to the nutritional status of children under five. It is recommended that all mothers continue to seek information about children's health, especially the procedure for providing nutritious food to toddlers. "

INCIDENCE OF PERINEAL RUPTURE IN TERMS OF MATERNAL AGE AND

ABSTRACT
 Introduction: Efforts to prevent perineal rupture are to protect the perineum in the second stage of labor when the baby's head opens the vulva (5-6 cm in diameter). according to the Minister of Health regulation number 28 of 2017 concerning licensing and implementation of midwife practice, midwives provide high quality care, care for mothers, respond to local culture during childbirth, lead clean and safe deliveries, handle certain situations and emergencies to optimize the health of women and their newborns. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between age and parity of mothers with the incidence of perineal rupture in the Working Area of Puskesmas Bangsa Negara, Belitang District, East Ogan Komering Ulu Regency in 2022. Method: This study used an analytic method with a Cross Sectional approach. The population was all mothers giving birth. The sampling technique used was the total population of 75 respondents. Data analysis used univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using distribution tables and Chi-Square statistical tests, with a 95% confidence level. Result: Research results on univariate analysis of 75 respondents who experienced perineal rupture as many as 54 respondents (63.53%) and who did not as many as 31 respondents (36.47%). Of the 75 respondents aged <20 and > 35 as many as 66 respondents (77.65%) and aged 20-30 as many as 19 respondents (22.35%). And of the 85 respondents, nulliparous parity was 0 respondents, primiparous was 64 respondents (75.29%), multiparous was 21 respondents (24.71%), grandemultiparous was 0 respondents and great grandemultiparous was 0 respondents. In bivariate analysis, the p value is 0.036 for age and parity p value is 0.021. In conclusion: there is a relationship between age and parity with the incidence of perineal rupture.

FACTORS AFFECTING EXCLUSIVE BREAST MILK TO MOTHERS HAVE 7-12 MONTHS BABIES IN THE WORK AREA OF SIDOMULYO PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER CENTRAL BENGKULU IN 2022


 Exclusive breastfeeding is breastfeeding only for 6 months without additional food. Exclusive breastfeeding coverage in Bengkulu Province in 2021(67,8%), but the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding is still low at Sidomulyo (0,0%). Factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding are age,parity,and occupation. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding.The research design used a cross-sectional approach to mothers of infants aged 7-12 months, totaling 38 samples with a purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed by univariate, biavariate, and multivariate using chi-square statistical test and logistic regression.The results of univariate analysis of 38 mothers of infants aged 7-12 months mostly (76,3%) mothers did not gave exclusive breastfeeding, mothers aged 20-35 years, most (63,2%) mostly parity mothers (68,4),working mothers most (65,8%). The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a age (p=0,014 OR=1,60), parity (p=0.689 OR=1,84), occupation (p=0.000 OR=38,4), with exclusive breastfeeding. The influence factor is the work gave exclusive.The puskesmas is expected to carry out early detection of pregnant women who fail to provide exclusive breastfeeding and counseling on exclusive breastfeeding since pregnancy. 

Hubungan Karakteristik Ibu Dan Pelaksanaan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD) Dengan Pemberian Asi Eksklusif Di Puskesmas Pegajahan KEC.Pegajahan KAB Serdang Bedagai Tahun 2023

Background The Indonesian government pays quite high attention, because of the importance of exclusive breastfeeding for the growth and development of babies. In 2012, Government Regulation (PP) no. 33 regarding exclusive breastfeeding. The PP states that exclusive breastfeeding is breast milk given to babies from birth for six months without adding and/or replacing other foods or drinks. It is also stated that every mother who gives birth must provide exclusive breast milk to the baby she gives birth to, unless there are justified obstacles. The aim is to guarantee the fulfillment of babies' rights to receive exclusive breast milk from birth until the age of six months. In order for the exclusive breastfeeding program to be successful, it requires support from all elements, including government, private sector and society. Objective To determine the relationship between maternal characteristics and the implementation of IMD with exclusive breastfeeding at the Pegajahan Community Health Center, Pegajahan District, Serdang Bedagai District in 2023. Method chi square test p value < 0.05 means H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, the statistical test results show a significant relationship. Results: There is no significant relationship between age, education, profession and mother's parity and there is a significant relationship between the implementation of IMD and exclusive breastfeeding at the Pegajahan Community Health Center, Pegajahan District, Serdang Bedagai District.

Comparison of Antenatal Care Visits and Pregnancy Risks on the Incidence of Stunting in Toddlers in Linge District, Central Aceh Regency, Indonesia

The problem of stunting is one of the nutritional problems faced in the world, especially in poor and developing countries. Worldwide, it is estimated that there are 178 million children under the age of five, or one in four children under five, experience stunted growth. Children who were stunted before the age of 2 had worse emotional and behavioral outcomes in late adolescence. Therefore, stunting results in poor quality of human resources, which will further affect the development of the nation's potential. This study aimed to identify a comparison of antenatal care and pregnancy risk for stunting in toddlers in Linge District, Central Aceh Regency. This study is a quantitative research using comparative studies. Comparative research is research that compares two or more symptoms. In this study, researchers compared antenatal care and pregnancy risk factors for stunting in toddlers in Linge District, Central Aceh Regency. The research subjects amounted to 60 respondents. This study shows that there are significant differences in ANC between mothers with stunted children and mothers with children who are not stunted in terms of the frequency of ANC visits and the availability of ANC services. Mothers with non-stunted children make more frequent ANC visits and receive more complete ANC services than mothers with stunted children. From the results of this study, it was also found that there was a significant difference between the education of mothers with stunted children and mothers with non-stunted children. There is a significant difference between the parity of mothers with stunted and non-stunted children. Mothers with stunted children have a higher parity than mothers with stunted children.

Studi Korelasi Karakteristik dan Status Gizi Ibu Hamil terhadap Prevalensi Stunting pada Balita

Monitoring nutritional status in 2018 reached 27.5% while the WHO limit was <20%. This means that approximately 8.9 million Indonesian children experience suboptimal growth, or 1 in 3 Indonesian children is stunted. More than one third of children under the age of 5 in Indonesia are below average in height. Purpose: To analyze the relationship between the health history of pregnant women and the incidence of stunting in the working area of the Responsibilityrjo Health Center. Methodology: The research design used is quantitative research using analytic survey methods with a cohort approach. The population is 3140 and the sample is 355 respondents. Results: The average respondent was 20-35 years old with a percentage of 80%, the education of the most respondents was high school with a total of 220 respondents or 62%. Most of the respondents' occupations were housewives, namely 102 respondents or 28.7% and the highest number of respondents were multigravidas, namely 215 or 60.6%. Health history of mothers during pregnancy with CED as many as 84 respondents (23.7%) and non-SEZ 271 mothers or 76.3% And mothers who experienced mild anemia were 98 mothers or 27.6% and mothers under five who experienced moderate anemia 22 respondents or by 6.2%, there were 135 stunted toddlers with a percentage of 38%, there was no relationship between age and work with stunting with a p value of maternal age of 0.611 and a p value of work of 0.158 and there was a relationship between education and parity most of the respondents were multigravida, namely 215 or 60.6%. Health history of mothers during pregnancy with CED as many as 84 respondents (23.7%) and non-SEZ 271 mothers or 76.3% And mothers who experienced mild anemia were 98 mothers or 27.6% and mothers under five who experienced moderate anemia 22 respondents or by 6.2%, there were 135 stunted toddlers with a percentage of 38%, there was no relationship between age and work with stunting with a p value of maternal age of 0.611 and a p value of work of 0.158 and there was a relationship between education and parity with the incidence of stunting, namely the p value Mother's education is 0.00 and the p value for mother's parity is 0.000. There is a relationship between maternal health history and the incidence of stunting. negative indicates that the better the mother's nutrition and the higher the mother's Hb, the lower the incidence. Suggestion: So that parents can better prepare for early pregnancy and pay more attention to their children's nutritional intake.

Characteristics of Multiparous Delivering Mothers with Perineal Rupture

Perineal rupture is a cause of postpartum bleeding within the first 24 hours. Hemorrhage is the primary cause of maternal mortality in Indonesia; birth canal trauma is the second leading cause of bleeding after uterine atony. The higher the mother's parity, the more reproductive functions tend to decline. The purpose of this research is to understand the characteristics of multiparous delivering mothers with perineal rupture. This study employs a quantitative descriptive approach. Data collection is derived from secondary sources obtained from medical records in the Delivery Room of the Sorong Regency General Hospital. The study was conducted in June 2023. The sample comprises all multiparous delivering mothers who experienced perineal rupture and met the inclusion criteria in the Delivery Room of the Sorong Regency General Hospital, totaling 242 delivering mothers from January to December 2022. The sampling technique used is Purposive Sampling. Univariate analysis is employed to calculate the frequency distribution, including the age of the mothers, education, occupation, perineal rupture, and newborn baby's weight. The majority of multiparous delivering mothers are between 20-35 years old, totaling 195 individuals (80.6%). The respondents' educational level is predominantly high school (SMA), totaling 124 individuals (51.2%). Non-working mothers account for 166 individuals (68.6%). The most frequent occurrence of perineal rupture is categorized as Level 1, totaling 81 individuals (33.5%). Newborns with the largest birth weight fall into the Normal category (2500-4000 grams), totaling 210 individuals (86.8%). Perineal rupture is one of the factors contributing to postpartum hemorrhage, which can lead to maternal death if not properly managed.
 

Term gebelerde plasenta ağırlığını etkileyen antenatal faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi

ABSTRACT:
 
 Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether various antenatal factors affect placental weight in term pregnant women who gave birth vaginally.
 
 Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted between January and August 2022 in Karaman Training and Research Hospital. Six hundred and thirty parturients after thirtyseventh gestational week with vaginal delivery were enrolled to this study. The maternal age, parity, body mass index, chronic diseases, and placental weight, weight, length and gender of he newborns were documented. 
 Primary outcome of this study was to evaluate the factors such as age, body mass index, parity, anemia and chronic disesase of mothers and weight of the newborns that may affect placental mass. Assessment of the influence of gender as well as tobacco usage during pregnancy was a secondary outcome of this study. Linear regression analyses with Enter methos was applied while evaluating the factors affecting placental weight.
 Results: As we evaluated the findings of the study, we found that birth weight and parity had a statistically significant influence on placental weight (p>0,001 and p=0,024 ,respectively). In primipar pregnants , the average weight of the placenta was 580 grams, whereas it was 600 grams in multiparas (p=0,008). Only gestational diabetes was shown to have a significant effect on placental weight when 13 disease categories were investigated (p=0,024).Body mass index of mothers , maternal anemia with hemoglobin level ≤11 gr/dL and smoking habitus had no effect on placental weight.
 Conclusion: The results of this study support , parity , birthweight of the newborn and gestational diabetes mellitus are 
 critical factors affecting placental weight.

The effect of doxapram on survival and APGAR score in newborn puppies delivered by elective caesarean: A randomized controlled trial.

Doxapram is marketed as a respiratory stimulant and is used by some veterinarians to help with neonatal apnoea, especially in puppies delivered by caesarean. There is a lack of consensus as to whether the drug is effective and data on its safety are limited. Doxapram was compared to placebo (saline) in newborn puppies in a randomized, double-blinded clinical trialusing two outcome measures: 7-day mortality rate and repeated APGAR score measurements. Higher APGAR scores have been positively correlated with survival and other health outcomes in newborns. Puppies were delivered by caesarean and a baseline APGAR score was measured. This was immediately followed by a randomly allocated intralingual injection of either doxapram or isotonic saline (of the same volume). Injection volumes were determined by the weight of the puppy and each injection was administered within a minute of birth. The mean dose of doxapram administered was 10.65 mg/kg. APGAR scores were measured again at 2, 5, 10 and 20 min. One hundred and seventy-one puppies from 45 elective caesareans were recruited into this study. Five out of 85 puppies died after receiving saline and 7 out of 86 died after receiving doxapram. Adjusting for the baseline APGAR score, the age of the mother and whether the puppy was a brachycephalic breed, there was insufficient evidence to conclude a difference in the odds of 7-day survival for puppies that received doxapram compared to those that received saline (p = .634). Adjusting for the baseline APGAR score, the weight of the mother, the litter size, the mother's parity number, the weight of the puppy and whether the puppy was a brachycephalic breed, there was insufficient evidence to conclude a difference in the probability of a puppy having an APGAR score of ten (the maximum APGAR score) between those that received doxapram compared to those that received saline (p = .631). Being a brachycephalic breed was not associated with an increased odds of 7-day mortality (p = .156) but the effect of the baseline APGAR score on the probability of having an APGAR score of ten was higher for brachycephalic than non-brachycephalic breeds (p = .01). There was insufficient evidence that intralingual doxapram provided an advantage (or disadvantage) compared to intralingual saline when used routinely in puppies delivered by elective caesarean and that were not apnoeic.

'We delivered at home out of fear': Maternity Care in Rural Nigeria During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic response overwhelmed health systems, disrupting other services, including maternal health services. The disruptive effects on the utilization of maternal health services in low-resource settings, including Nigeria have not been well documented. We assessed maternal health service utilization, predictors, and childbirth experiences amidst COVID-19 restrictions in a rural community of Kumbotso, Kano State, in northern Nigeria. Using an explanatory mixed methods design, 389 mothers were surveyed in January 2022 using validated interviewer-administered questionnaires, followed by in-depth interviews with a sub-sample (n=20). Data were analyzed using logistic regression models and the framework approach. Less than one-half (n=165, 42.4%) of women utilized maternal health services during the period of COVID-19 restrictions compared with nearly two-thirds (n=237, 65.8%) prior to the period (p<0.05). Non-utilization was mainly due to fear of contracting COVID-19 (n=122, 54.5%), clinic overcrowding (n=43, 19.2%), transportation challenges (n=34, 15.2%), and harassment by security personnel (n=24, 10.7%). The utilization of maternal health services was associated with participant's post-secondary education (aOR=2.06, 95% CI:1.14- 11.40) (p=0.02), and employment type (civil service, aOR=4.60, 95% CI: 1.17-19.74) (p<0.001), business aOR=1.94, 95% CI:1.19- 4.12) (p=0.032) and trading aOR=1.62, 95% CI:1.19-2.94) (p=0.04)). Women with higher household monthly income (≥ N30,000, equivalent to 60 US Dollars) (aOR=1.53, 95% CI:1.13-2.65) (p=0.037), who adhered to COVID-19 preventive measures and utilized maternal health services before the COVID-19 pandemic were more likely to utilize those services during the COVID-19 restrictions. In contrast, mothers of higher parity (≥5 births) were less likely to use maternal health services during the lockdown (aOR=0.30, 95% CI:0.10-0.86) (p=0.03). Utilization of maternal services was also associated with partner education and employment type. The utilization of maternal health services declined during the COVID-19 restrictions. Utilization was hindered by fear of contracting COVID-19, transport challenges, and harassment by security personnel. Maternal and partner characteristics, adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures, and pre-COVID maternity service utilization influenced attendance. There is a need to build resilient health systems and contingent alternative service delivery models for future pandemics.

Incidence and Determinants of Low birth weight babies at rural tertiary care hospital in central Uttar Pradesh

Background: An infant’s birth weight is a reliable index of intrauterine growth and a sensitive predictor of newborn chances of survival, growth and long-term physical and psychosocial development. Low birth weight has been defined as birth weight &lt;2.5 kg regardless of gestational age. The incidence of low birth weight (LBW) in India varies between 25–30% and of which 60–65% are because of intrauterine growth retardation. Aim &amp; Objective: To determine the incidence and various determinants of low birth weight among babies delivered at rural tertiary care hospitals in central Uttar Pradesh. Methods and Material: The study was conducted at UPUMS, Saifai, Etawah, among pregnant women who delivered babies from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018. Details regarding age of the mother, gravida, parity, gestation period, presence of complications, the procedure for delivery and birth weight of the newborn were recorded and analyzed using SPSS software (version 23) Results: A total of 7615 deliveries were conducted (53.2% were males, 46.8% were females). The mean birth weight of babies was 2.65 Kg with S.D ± 0.52. Preterm babies were 32% while 67% were term babies and 23% of babies were low birth weight. There was a statistically significant association between birth weight of babies and factors like age of mother, parity of mother, gestation period, and presence of complications during the antenatal period. Conclusions: Prompt identification of high-risk factors, prevention of premature delivery, increasing the use of health services during pregnancy and management of the risk factors would reduce the incidence of low birth weight.

Prevalence and its Associated Factors of Episiotomy Practice Among Mothers Who Gave Birth in Debre Tabor Town Northwest Ethiopia: An Institutional Based -Cross-Sectional Study.

An episiotomy is a surgical technique that widens the perineum during the second stage of childbirth. Therefore, the goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of episiotomy and the variables that affect it among women who gave birth in the town of Debre Tabor, in 2021. In the Debre Tabor municipality's four designated health center regions, 402 women who gave birth were included in a cross-sectional study. Systematic random selection was used to choose the study subjects. In SPSS version 23, data were entered, cleaned up, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The use of binary and multivariable logistic regression models allowed the researchers to identify characteristics related to episiotomy magnitude. Using a 0.05 p value, the level of statistically significant variables was also calculated. Out of a total of 402 deliveries for this inquiry, the magnitude of the episiotomy was calculated to be 35.1% of those deliveries. About 127 women, or the bulk of respondents, were between the ages of 25 and 29 (33.1%). Face presentation was 4.7 times more common among primiparous women than breech and vertex presentation, and midwifery professionals and midwifery students were 5.5 times higher than internship medicine and health officer students. The odds of performing an episiotomy were 3.7 times higher among primiparous women compared to multiparous women (AOR = 3.754 (1.382-15.108)). The magnitude of episiotomy in this study was somewhat larger than the World Health Organization's recommendation of 10% .Instrumental delivery, neonatal presentation, experts allocated to the delivery ward, and the mother's parity were all shown to be strongly linked with the practice of episiotomy.

Comparison of Serum Albu-min Levels in The Breast Milk of Breastfeeding Infants Aged 1-3 Months and 4-6 Months

Background: Serum albumin is the most abundant plasma protein in the blood, contributing to maintaining colloid osmotic pressure and binding substances that are poorly soluble in plasma so that they can be distributed throughout the body. Serum albumin levels in breast milk can vary, influenced by various factors such as the lactation phase (age of the baby), number of parities, age and body mass index (BMI) of the mother. This study aims to determine the comparison of serum albumin levels in breast milk of mothers who breastfeed infants aged 1-3 months and 4-6 months and to find the relationship with the number of parities, age and BMI of the mother. Method: Cross-sectional design experimental study, breast milk samples as stored biological fluids were obtained from 58 mothers at the Petamburan and Cilincing Health Centers. Serum albumin levels were measured with the Bromocresol Green (BCG) kit. Results: The results showed that breast milk in the earlier lactation period, namely at 1-3 months, had significantly higher serum albumin levels compared to the serum albumin levels in the 4-6 months age group (p=0.002). Serum albumin levels in breast milk for infants aged 1-3 months did not correlate with mother's parity (p=0.428) and mother's age (p=0.881), but had a significant positive correlation with mother's BMI (p=000). Serum albumin levels in breast milk in the 4-6 months age group did not correlate with mother's parity (p=0.823) and mother's age (p=0.581) but had a strong positive correlation with maternal BMI (p=0.000). Conclusion: Breast milk serum albumin levels are affected by the lactation phase (age of the baby), namely at the age of 1-3 months the baby increases significantly compared to the age of 4-6 months. The level of serum albumin in breast milk is related to the mother's BMI, which increases with increasing mother's BMI.