Parental Socioeconomic Status Research Articles

School performances in children with cataract: results from a population-based cohort study

ObjectivesChildhood cataract is a chronic condition that may interfere with the child’s learning capacities. We aimed to investigate whether childhood cataract influences academic development by comparing school performance in reading...

The influence of parents' socioeconomic status on the learning outcomes of 4th grade students at UPT SPF SDN Baddoka Makassar City

The Influence of Parents' Socioeconomic Status on the Learning Outcomes of 4th Grade Students at UPT SPF SDN Baddoka, Makassar City. This research aimed to determine the influence of parents' socioeconomic status on the learning outcomes of 4th-grade students at UPT SPF SDN Baddoka, Makassar City. The study used a quantitative research design with an ex post facto type of research. The population of this study consists of all students in class IVa at UPT SPF SDN Baddoka, Makassar City, totaling 28 students, while the sample comprises 20 students from class IVa using a non-random sampling technique (purposive sampling). Data collection techniques and instruments used are questionnaires and documentation, in the form of student learning outcomes, to identify the influence of parent's socioeconomic status on students' learning outcomes. Data analysis techniques include descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis (normality test, linearity test, and hypothesis test). The result of the t-test calculation shows a significant value of parent's socioeconomic status at 0.003 < 0.05 (3.025 > 2.101), which means that H0 is rejected, and Ha is accepted, indicating that there is an influence of parent's socioeconomic status on the learning outcomes of 4th-grade students at UPT SPF SDN Baddoka, Makassar City. In conclusion, parent's socioeconomic status has a positive and significant influence on students' learning outcomes.

Educational achievement among children with a disability: do parental resources compensate for disadvantage?

We examined the impact of child disability on Grade Points Average (GPA) using all children aged 15–16 years who completed their lower secondary education and registered with a GPA score in the period from 2016 to 2020 in Norway (n = 247 120). We use registry data that contain information on the child's main diagnosis, such as physical-, neurological- and neurodevelopmental conditions, and the severity of the condition, additional to the child's family characteristics. First, we examined whether the impact of the child's disability on the GPA scores varied by diagnosis and the severity of the child's condition. Second, we examined whether higher parental socioeconomic status (SES) buffers against the negative impact of child disability on GPA scores. Using longitudinal register data with the school fixed-effect model, the results showed that children with neurological and neurodevelopmental disabilities obtained lower GPA scores than their typically developing peers without chronic conditions, however children with asthma and diabetes had comparable GPA scores. These associations were most evident for neurodevelopmental conditions, such as ADHD and autism but also notable for neurological conditions such as epilepsy. In general, a severe condition impacts GPA scores more negatively than a less severe condition. Moreover, our analysis revealed that children of highly educated parents obtained higher GPA scores than children who had parents with short education. This applied to both disabled and typically developing peers, except children with autism and epilepsy, among whom buffering due to the parent's education did not seem to apply.

Pengaruh Status Sosial Ekonomi Orang Tua dan Kecerdasan Emosional terhadap Motivasi Atlet Tennis Meja PTM Otaka Gabus

This study aims to determine the effect of parents' socioeconomic status on motivation, to determine whether intelligence has an influence on motivation, and lastly, to determine parents' socioeconomic status and emotional intelligence together have an influence on athlete motivation. This study uses the correlation method through a quantitative approach. The population in this study were all active athletes in PTM Otaka Gabus, while the sample used was 30 athletes with a total sampling technique/saturated sample and the sampling technique used was Non-Probality sampling. Aspects seen from the socio-economic status of parents are parental education, parental occupation, parental income, organization followed, and ownership of valuables. Aspects seen from emotional intelligence are recognizing one's own emotions, managing emotions, motivating oneself, recognizing other people's emotions, and building relationships. While the aspect that is seen from motivation is through intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The results of this study are that there is an effect of parents' socioeconomic status and emotional intelligence on athlete motivation together of 13.5%. It can be concluded that the relationship is unidirectional and has a positive value, meaning that if parents' socioeconomic status and emotional intelligence are high, then achievement motivation is high.

Access and Equity: The Relationship Between Parent's Socioeconomic Status and Secondary School Student's Academic Achievement

Access and Equity: The Relationship Between Parent's Socioeconomic Status and Secondary School Student's Academic Achievement

ADHERENCE TO ASTHMA CONTROLLER THERAPY AMONG CHILDREN

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that affects millions of children worldwide, necessitating diligent adherence to prescribed asthma controller therapy. This research paper explores the impact of adherence to asthma controller therapy on asthma control and health outcomes in pediatric patients. The study examines various factors influencing adherence rates, such as parental involvement, socio-economic status, and healthcare provider-patient communication. The research utilizes a quantitative approach, and data collected through structured surveys and medical records review. The study population includes children aged 5 to 17 years who were receiving asthma controller therapy. The results demonstrated a significant positive correlation between adherence to asthma controller therapy and improved asthma control. Children with high adherence rates experienced better lung function, reduced asthma symptoms, and fewer asthma exacerbations. Effective adherence also led to decreased healthcare utilization, with fewer emergency department visits and hospitalizations for asthma-related issues. Parental involvement emerged as a crucial factor influencing adherence, with actively engaged parents positively impacting adherence rates. Additionally, effective healthcare provider-patient communication and higher socio-economic status were associated with better adherence. Addressing concerns about potential side effects of medications was identified as a barrier to adherence. The implications of this research extend to healthcare professionals and policy makers. Healthcare providers should prioritize adherence in asthma management and involve parents as active partners in their child's treatment. Implementing comprehensive asthma education programs and promoting effective communication can enhance adherence rates. Policy makers should recognize the cost-effectiveness of adherence interventions and work towards reducing financial barriers to asthma controller therapy.

Does parental socio-economic status matter for the success of start-ups of first-time founders? Evidence from Germany

The aim of this paper is to establish the influence of parental socio-economic status on profitability and growth of first-time founders in Germany. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 first-time founders to establish their socio-economic status, parental influence on their success as founders, and the impact of parental socio-economic status on their financial success. The main findings showed that the majority of participants believed that high socio-economic status of parents had a significant positive effect on the financial success of new start-ups, although those from lower socio-economic backgrounds could also succeed. The characteristics of unequal social status were often expressed and the status of German as a nation with low social mobility confirmed. However, the extent to which financial support and context networks supported founders from high socio-economic status families was difficult to ascertain as founders were often unwilling to admit its actual influence. In contrast, the parental influences on values and positive attributes relating to their success were more freely discussed. Based on the revenues and valuation of the start-up companies, two trends for first time founder success were identified: the most successful founders had parents with high socio-economic status; some very successful founders demonstrated high social mobility, which is contrary to the existing data that social mobility in German is very low.

Evaluation of Parents’ Knowledge about Nutritional Management of children with Phenylketonuria

Abstract
 Objective(s): to Evaluation of Parents’ Knowledge about Nutritional Management of kids with Phenylketonuria; to Identify the association between parents’ Knowledge about nutritional management then their demographic variables of fathers, mothers (parents age, residence then socioeconomic position).
 Methodology: A non-experimental project; was accompanied on parents of phenylketonuria kid in Baghdad town since the period 3 June to 5 October 2022. A Non-probability sample (convenience) of 35 PKU children and their parents (father and mother) was selected Purposively from the hospitals that are select for the study. A survey is built for the purpose of the education throughout a review of applicable literature. It composed of two parts: The first part Demographic Characteristics: parents' Demographic features and Socioeconomic Status; And the second part is Parents’ Knowledge about Nutritional Management of children with Phenylketonuria. The internal consistency between items was strongminded by using alpha Cronbach`s coefficient. The consistency analysis shows very good evaluation for knowledge scale. Data was collected from one hospital in Baghdad city beside al-Rusafa\ Ibn Al-Baladi Hospital for maternity and Children, after the approval of the director of the hospital and the acceptance of parents to involve themselves and their children in the study. data are examined using Statistical Data Analysis: Frequencies, percentage, mean scores, standard deviation, mean, whole scores then ranges-test and one - way analysis of variance.
 Results: Outcomes presented that (62.9%) of the parents showing moderates knowledge of Parents about and nutrition knowledge of children with phenylketonuria during pre-test time, while they show very good close of knowledge through the post-examination time 1 and post-examination time 2.
 Conclusions: Overall evaluation of Parents’ knowledge about Nutritional Management for Children with Phenylketonuria showing moderate knowledge about nutritional management during pre-test time, their knowledge level is increased to very good through the post-examination time 1 and 2, and a study confirms that older parents are better knowledge.
 Recommendations: The study recommends that Parents of phenylketonuria children should be very well-oriented and greatly aware about the importance of Nutritional Management. Additional research studies container remains carried out with respect to big sample scope and wide variety variables, particularly, nationwide studies.
 Key Words: Evaluation, Parents’ Knowledge, Nutritional Management, Phenylketonuria.

The impact of neoliberal discourse and the socio-economic status of parents on TEFL young learners’ achievement: Parental beliefs and behaviors in the spotlight

Considering the scarcity of research on different aspects of young learners’ teaching and learning English, and given the fact that parents provide financial support for the young learners’ education, this study was an attempt to investigate how socio-economic factors interact with parents’ behaviors and beliefs regarding young learners’ success in achieving English oral proficiency. The participants were 28 young learners of English with their parents. They were selected through purposive sampling and these learners were taught with the same method, and tuition were waived for children with low SES. To explore parents’ perceptions, beliefs and 7 behaviors, 17 parents of adequate and inadequate means were interviewed. Qualitative findings indicated that parents based on their SES viewed their young learners’ success in English differently. This study has implications for various agencies in English language teaching, including teachers, teacher educators, and policymakers in Iran, highlighting the interaction of Neoliberalism discourse and parenteral factors and behaviors in education.Given the limited research on young learners’ English language teaching and learning, coupled with the provision of financial support by parents towards their educational pursuits, this study sought to investigate the interplay between socio-economic factors, parental behavior, and beliefs in achieving English oral proficiency. Participants involved in the study comprised 28 young learners of English and their parents, who were selected through purposive sampling. These learners were instructed using the same syllabus, teachers and textbooks with tuition fees waived for children from low socio-economic backgrounds. In order to explore parents’ perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors, 17 parents of the student participants representing varying financial means were interviewed. Qualitative analysis of the findings revealed that parents’ socio-economic status influenced their views on their children’s success in learning English. The implications of these findings are far-reaching, not only for teachers and teacher educators but also for policymakers in Iran, stressing the interplay between neoliberalism discourse and parental factors and behaviors in education.

Association between obesity and dental caries among adolescents in UAE: a pilot cross sectional study.

Obesity and dental caries among adolescents is a growing worldwide public health issue. They share some common and modifiable influences. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries among adolescents in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This pilot cross-sectional study enrolled 161 adolescents 13-19 years old from private and public schools in the UAE. Participants were classified as normal weight, underweight, overweight or obese. Dental caries was diagnosed according to the criteria recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Independent t-tests were used to compare average number of decayed, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS) by age, sex, school type, mothers' employment, BMI categories, waist circumference, oral health habits and plaque index. Additionally, a multiple linear regression model was applied to analyze the association between BMI, waist circumference and dental caries, adjusted for confounding factors considered in this study. The average age of the participants was 16.2 ± 1.4 years old. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 42% (N = 68) measured by BMI. In addition, 82% (N = 132) had average waist circumference and 18% (N = 29) with above average waist circumference. Overall, the average DMFS score was 4.35 ± 4.5, with significantly lower dental caries rates among girls ([3.3 (SD:4.0)] than boys (6.7 (SD:5.3), (p < 0.05). The linear regression model revealed that, being a male, attending a public school and having average waist circumference were all positively and significantly associated with dental caries (p < 0.05). Obesity measured by waist circumference was significantly associated with dental caries among adolescents in the UAE. Further research is required to investigate the complex association between obesity and dental caries and how dietary habits, oral hygiene habits, and parental socioeconomic status mediate the association between obesity and dental caries.

Exploring changes in the teacher-child relationship and children's educational expectations

Supportive relationships between children and teachers contribute to children's academic success and social-emotional development (e.g., self-efficacy). However, it is unclear how changes in these relationships might translate to changes in educational expectations. In this study, we used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health; N = 20,745) to test how changes in relationship closeness relate to children's expectations for their future educational achievement, as well as how this association differs based on parental expectations, socioeconomic status, and academic aptitude. Cross-lagged regression models indicated that changes in teacher-child closeness positively relate to changes in child educational expectations; multi-group analyses reflect that this association is strongest for children whose parents hold low expectations and for those with lower levels of academic aptitude. We discuss implications for promoting positive academic and social-emotional development within school settings.

Does social disadvantage persist over generations due to an uneven distribution of mental health diagnoses? A longitudinal investigation of Finnish register data

Social disadvantages persist over generations, while the mechanisms behind the intergenerational transmission are not well understood. To fill this gap, first, we examine to what degree being diagnosed with a mental health disorder in adolescence mediate the transmission of social disadvantage. Second, we investigate whether the role of mental health varies for different outcomes. Third, we examine differences between disorder groups and gender.We exploited register data on the full Finnish population including information on mental health diagnoses (MHD) based on ICD-10 classification recorded in public specialized health care. As socioeconomic outcomes, we used offspring's (N = 511,835) records for low educational attainment, unemployment, and social assistance dependency in early adulthood. In addition to linear probability models, the g-computation method was used to simulate the degree to which reducing mental health inequalities in adolescence could narrow the differences between children of different family backgrounds.Our results show that adolescents with MHD had a higher likelihood of experiencing social disadvantage as young adults even after accounting for parental socioeconomic status and alternative health pathways. The counterfactual analysis indicated that the proportion mediated by unevenly distributed MHD was with 7.5% highest for social assistance followed by 4.2% for education and 3.2% for unemployment. The effect of mental health was modified by gender yet direction and strength varied across methods and externalizing behaviors mattered more for the intergenerational persistence than internalizing behaviors. Hypothetically reducing MHD to the level of families with high socioeconomic status might indeed lower part of the intergenerational transmission of social assistance dependency but to lesser degree of unemployment and low educational attainment. We demonstrate the need of support and services for those with MHD, especially among socially disadvantaged groups. However, social disadvantage should not be overly medicalized as family background has an important independent effect on offspring's socioeconimic outcomes.

Psychiatric Morbidity Is Common Among Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A National Matched Cohort Study.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic rheumatic disease that causes joint inflammation and pain. Previous studies have indicated affected mental health and increased risk of psychiatric conditions among patients with JIA. We aimed to explore differences in psychiatric morbidity between children with JIA and their peers. We further studied if parental socioeconomic status (SES) influences the association between JIA and the risk of psychiatric morbidity. We used a matched cohort design to estimate the association between JIA and psychiatric disease. Children with JIA, born between 1995 and 2014, were identified in Danish national registers. Based on birth registers, we randomly selected 100 age- and sex-matched children per index child. Index date was the date of the fifth JIA diagnosis code or the date of matching for reference children. End of follow-up was the date of psychiatric diagnosis, death, emigration, or December 31, 2018, whatever came first. Data were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazard model. We identified 2086 children with JIA with a mean age at diagnosis of 8.1 years. Children with JIA had a 17% higher instantaneous risk of a psychiatric diagnosis when compared with the reference group, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.17 (95% CI 1.02-1.34). Relevant associations were found only for depression and adjustment disorders. Stratifying our analysis for SES showed no modifying effect of SES. Children with JIA had a higher risk of psychiatric diagnoses compared to their peers, especially diagnoses of depression and adjustment disorders. The association between JIA and psychiatric disease did not depend on parental SES.

Building on cultural and linguistic strengths and recognizing life challenges - a commentary on Paradis' "Sources of individual differences in the dual language development of heritage bilinguals".

Children growing up bilingually are often treated as a monolithic group; however, heritage language (HL) bilinguals constitute an extremely heterogenous group that vary due to a wide variety of factors. In her keynote, Paradis provides a thought-provoking analysis of the research literature and identifies key internal and external factors that lead to individual differences. Specifically, she identifies age of second language (L2) acquisition, cognitive abilities, and social-emotional wellbeing as important internal factors. She also discusses both proximal and distal external factors. Proximal factors include children's cumulative exposure to L2 and HL, L2 and HL usage at home, and the richness of the L2 and HL environment. Distal factors involve education in HL, parent language proficiency, socioeconomic status (SES), and family attitudes and identities. In my commentary, I expand on Paradis' keynote to include the role of culture, which I consider to be both an internal and external factor, and respond to her discussion of two external factors, the impact of SES and the role of the classroom environment.

Neighbourhood deprivation in childhood and adulthood and risk of arterial stiffness: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study

Purpose: Individual socioeconomic status is associated with increased arterial stiffness, but limited data are available on the relations of neighbourhood deprivation with this vascular measure. We prospectively examined whether neighbourhood deprivation in childhood and adulthood predicts arterial stiffness indicated by pulse wave velocity (PWV). Materials and methods: The study population comprised 1,761 participants aged 3-18 years at baseline (1980) from the longitudinal Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns cohort study. PWV was measured in 2007 by whole-body impedance cardiography at ages 30-45 years. Cumulative lifetime neighbourhood deprivation was assessed using data from socioeconomic circumstances in participants’ lifetime residential neighbourhoods, categorised as low versus high deprivation. Results: High deprivation in childhood and adulthood was associated with higher PWV in adulthood after adjustment for age, sex, and place of birth (mean difference = 0.57 m/s, 95%CI = 0.26-0.88, P for trend = 0.0004). This association was attenuated but remained statistically significant after further adjustment for childhood parental socioeconomic status and adulthood individual socioeconomic status (mean difference = 0.37 m/s, 95%CI = 0.05-0.70, P for trend 0.048). Also, low individual socioeconomic status in adulthood was associated with higher PWV when adjusted for age, sex, place of birth, parental socioeconomic status in childhood, and lifetime neighbourhood deprivation (mean difference = 0.54 m/s, 95%CI = 0.23-0.84, P for trend 0.0001). Conclusion: These findings suggest that lifetime neighbourhood deprivation and low adulthood socioeconomic status are independent risk factors for increased arterial stiffness in adulthood.

Recurrent headache, stomachache, and backpain among adolescents: association with exposure to bullying and parents' socioeconomic status.

Recurrent pain is a prevalent and severe public health problem among adolescents and is associated with several negative health outcomes. In a representative sample of adolescents this study examined 1) whether exposure to bullying and low socioeconomic status (SES) were associated with recurrent headache, stomachache and backpain, 2) the combined effect of exposure to bullying and low SES on recurrent pain and 3) whether SES modified the association between bullying and recurrent pain. Data derived from the Danish contribution to the international collaborative study Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC). The study population was students in three age groups, 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds from nationally representative samples of schools. We pooled participants from the surveys in 2010, 2014 and 2018, n=10,738. The prevalence of recurrent pain defined as pain 'more than once a week' was high: 11.7 % reported recurrent headache, 6.1 % stomachache, and 12.1 % backpain. The proportion who reported at least one of these pains 'almost every day' was 9.8 %. Pain was significantly associated with exposure to bullying at school and low parental SES. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR, 95 % CI) for recurrent headache when exposed to both bullying and low SES was 2.69 (1.75-4.10). Equivalent estimates for recurrent stomachache were 5.80 (3.69-9.12), for backpain 3.79 (2.58-5.55), and for any recurrent pain 4.81 (3.25-7.11). Recurrent pain increased with exposure to bullying in all socioeconomic strata. Students with double exposure, i.e.,to bullying and low SES, had the highest OR for recurrent pain. SES did not modify the association between bullying and recurrent pain.

Parental socioeconomic status and age at leaving home in Europe: Exploring regional differences

AbstractLeaving the parental home is a milestone in young people's transition to adulthood. The timing of leaving home varies greatly across European countries; however, evidence on the association between parental socioeconomic status (SES) and the age at leaving home in a comparative perspective is mixed, and subnational variation has received little attention. The module on the timing of life events included in Round 3 (2006) and 9 (2018) of the European Social Survey offers the opportunity to study how parental SES is associated with the age at leaving home, and how this association varies at the national and regional level for a sample of respondents born between the 1950s and the 1980s in 175 regions across 29 European countries. Results from three‐level linear regression models indicate that a high parental SES postpones women's age at leaving home in most Southern and Eastern European countries, where state support to young people is low and family ties are strong, whereas the association between parental SES and the age at leaving home is less clear‐cut in Western and Nordic countries. Between‐country variation in the association between parental SES and the age at home‐leaving prevails over within‐country variation, suggesting that the role of the parental background is country‐specific and that other unobserved factors may explain within‐country heterogeneity.

Relationship of Body Image, Self Esteem, Socio-economic Status and Peer Influence with Teenage Pregnancy in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

Teenage pregnancy has been identified as a social issue that requires attention. Given the negative impact on teenage mothers, the people who care for them, and the children they give birth to. This study examined the pattern of relationship between body image, self-esteem, socio-economic status, peer influence, and teenage pregnancy. This study employed a correlational design, and a multistage sampling procedure was utilized. Adolescents in Ibadan constitutes the population (N = 150; 12.0% below 14 years, 58.7% 14 – 16 years, while 29.3% were 17 – 19 years). Participants completed standardized instruments: (Body Image Acceptance Survey α = 0.85; Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale α = 0.78; Socio-economic Status Scale α = 0.79; Peer Influence Scale α = 0.81; and Teenage Pregnancy Scale α = 0.87). The results showed that body image (r = 0.327; p&lt;0.05), self-esteem (r = 0.376; p&lt;0.05), socio-economic status (r = 0.306; p&lt;0.05), and peer influence (r = 0.201, p&lt;0.05) all had a significant relationship with teenage pregnancy. A multiple regression coefficient (R = 0.484) and multiple regression adjusted (R2 = 0.234) were obtained. Also, self-esteem recorded the most effective relative contribution to teenage pregnancy, followed by body image, parental socio-economic status, and peer influence, respectively. This emphasizes the necessity of broad and all-encompassing strategies to stop teenage pregnancy because it is unlikely that a single element will be adequate to deal with the problem successfully.

Parent Socioeconomic Status and Child Malnutrition in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Parent Socioeconomic Status and Child Malnutrition in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Perspectives of children and young people from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina on their role in challenging perceived social and gender norms impacting school related gender-based violence

Child protection and safeguarding has historically tried to ‘save’ children from difficult or harmful circumstances and has often failed to recognise children’s agency or respect their participation rights. Given the particular socio-historical development of many South and Eastern European countries, the move to more transformative child protection and child safeguarding has been slow in moving away from the reliance on institutional care (Zouev & Unicef, 1999; Anghel, Herczog, Dima, 2013). This article introduces the methodology and empirical findings from an 8-country South and Eastern Europe research study focusing on Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. These two post-communist countries share cultural and political history. The aim was to explore how social and gender norms impact school-related gender-based violence (SRGBV) and the potential role of children in challenging these social norms. Out of this mixed methodology study, with a participatory qualitative approach, researchers used a variety of research instruments with groups of children (aged 13 to 18). This research connects with social norms theory based on Cislaghi and Heise's (2019) dynamic framework that explores social norms as an adaptation of the socio-ecological model (Bronfenbrenner, 1992).This article provides an overview of the overarching concept, methodology, and findings of the study with a particular focus on Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.Findings suggest that children and young people in these two countries witness various forms of violence, contributing to the normalisation of violence. Also, they recognised that if someone is “labelled” on various grounds, such as the socio-economic status of parents, behaviour, gender, nationality, culture, and ability, it is more likely that they will be a victim of violence. On a societal and institutional level, teachers and significant adults are not always perceived as trustworthy. Children pointed out that in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as in Croatia, institutions do not defend children's rights at the highest level. They find that the child protection system fails to be just and transparent and often acts on double standards depending on one family's status and influence, leaving vulnerable children at even more risk of being unprotected from different forms of violence.Strategies for prevention, support services and social change, especially for vulnerable children and young people, were identified for further implementation and follow-up research.