Parents Of Young Children Research Articles

A Study on Intestinal Parasites that Cause Diarrhea and Some of Physiological Effects on Children in Baghdad

Abstract 
 In developing nations, such as Iraq, diarrhea is the main cause of sickness and mortalities in children under the age of five, Diarrhea is the augmentation of water content in stools because of an imbalance in the normal functioning of physiologic processes of the small and large intestine responsible for the absorption of various ions, other substrates, and consequently water. The most common cause of diarrhea is eating foods that upset the digestive system ,allergies and intolerances to certain foods (Celiac disease), malabsorption of food (poor absorption). Numerous infections, such as viruses, bacterium, and parasites, are responsible for its development. The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency of intestinal parasite (IP) infections, kinds and it physiological effects on children under the age of five who had diarrheal diseases.
 Methods: A cross-sectional research study was carried out in Baghdad, Iraq (al mahmoudia and other Hospitals), between September 2021 and January 2023. The analysis comprised youngsters under the age of nine who attended healthcare facilities during the observation period and had diarrhea. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect demographic information and risk factors for intestinal parasite infections (IPIs). As per usual practices, single, fresh stool samples were used to check for IPs utilizing the direct wet mount investigation and Ziehl-Neelsen staining of formyl-ether concentrated specimens. SPSS software for Statistics version 20 was used to analyze the data.
 Results: 150 kids in all—32.67% boys and 67.3 girls participated in the investigation. In total, there were 41/150 IPs, or 27.3% of the population. In six youngsters (4%) there were two species of IPs found. Giardia lamblia was the parasite that was discovered the most frequently (8%), followed by Enterobius vermicularis (6.7%). After adjusting for other factors, the multivariable findings suggest that ≥age 24 months was a factor in IPIs (AOR=0.332, 95%CI: 0.094-0.465). Conclusion: This research discovered that children with diarrheal illnesses frequently had intestinal parasites. The Giardia lamblia genotype was the one that was found most commonly. Parents of young children ought to get health advice on how to avoid diarrheal infections generally and IPIs particularly.

PEMBERIAN EDUKASI KEPADA IBU DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN STUNTING PADA BALITA

A child's growth and development may be stunted, which is what we mean when we speak about the concept of stunting. Stunting can be caused by a number of factors, including malnutrition, recurrent illnesses, and/or a lack of psychosocial stimulation. Stunting is a significant problem for the general health of the population in countries of low and moderate income, which have high rates of malnutrition. There is a correlation between growth retardation and both physical and mental health problems, including an increased likelihood of being ill, worse cognitive function, and decreased levels of productivity in adulthood. Expanded opportunities for early childhood education and stimulation, improved access to nutrient-dense foods, increased availability of adequate health care, and promotion of suitable hygiene and sanitation practises are all essential components of an all-encompassing plan to combat stunting. Because of this, the parents of young children in the village of Melati Jaya, which is located in the Rt 001 Rw 001 Semendawai Timur District of the East Oku Regency, are getting counselling that is targeted at avoiding stunting. In order to carry out this action, education was made available in the form of counselling, and media was made available in the form of flyers. The educational events were effective, attracting favourable comments and engagement from the audience members who were the intended recipients of the content. It is clear from a comparison of the results of the pre-test and the post-test that the education provided was successful in raising the respondents' awareness of stunting.

Exploring Environmental Factors Associated with Child Wellbeing during COVID-19 in Australia and Germany

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the wellbeing of children and families globally. With extended lockdown periods, early childhood education and school closures, and remote learning, families experienced increased stress and anxiety, financial hardship, and disrupted routines. This paper aims to explore associations between children’s social-emotional wellbeing and environmental factors (including the burden of COVID-19 on the family, early learning experiences in the home and early childhood education, and parent wellbeing and mental health) during COVID-19 in Australia and Germany, two countries that experienced significant lockdown periods. Using a longitudinal online survey design, parents of young children (aged 1–6 years) in Australia (N = 66) and Germany (N = 53) completed surveys on their own wellbeing; their child’s wellbeing; the home learning environment, and their satisfaction with early childhood education and care at two time points in 2020 and 2021. The burden of COVID-19 mitigation measures on families’ everyday lives correlated with child wellbeing outcomes in both the Australian and German cohorts. Findings also provide evidence of potential protective factors of children’s social-emotional wellbeing during stressful events, such as the lockdowns experienced by families in Germany and Australia during the pandemic.

Evaluation of the Behavioral Determinants of Infant Oral Hygiene Practices in a Rural Area.

Background Dental caries is one of the most common oral health diseases in children. Early childhood caries (ECC) in children can lead to delayed overall growth in the future. This can be prevented by early initiation of infant oral hygiene practices (IOHP). As mothers are the primary caregivers, assessing their behavioral factors that play a significant role in IOHPcan help design a customized health prevention plan for appropriate infant oral hygiene practices. Methodology A questionnaire based-study was carried out in an Anganwadi(rural child care center in India) of Nagpur region,Central India, for two months. Parents of young children were interviewed about the oral health care of children. The study was planned to evaluate the various methods used by parents to perform IOHP and to identify various behavioral determinants that affect IOHP. An integrative model of behavior change was used to evaluate factors determining the behavioral determinants in performing oral hygiene. Results Out of 144 parents, 105 (72.92%) initiated IOHP immediately after birth. Most of them (76, 52.78%) used a moist cloth to clean the oral cavity. The other methods used were the parent's finger, water, etc. Most of the parents were unaware of commercially available oral wipes.Out of the various factors of behavioral determinants of integrative theory, oral health beliefs, emotional reactions, self-standard, and skills played a significant role in modifying parents' intention to maintain the oral hygiene of young children. There was a direct correlation between the educational qualification of the mother and oral hygiene practices. Conclusion The results of this study reveal an integrative structure that includes factors like oral health beliefs, emotional reactions, self-standard, external support, social norms, and skills that are responsible for the behavior of parents towards oral health care. These factors vary from individual to individual. Modifying these specific behavioral determinants in parents could improve the oral hygiene practices of infants and toddlers. Community-based oral health care programs should be tailormade to target these specific barriers.

A Psychosocial Care Model for Families Affected by Congenital Heart Disease.

To develop a model of family-based psychosocial care for congenital heart disease (CHD). Qualitative study using crowdsourced data collected from parents of young children with CHD who received care across 42 hospitals. Yammer, a social networking platform used to facilitate online crowdsourcing and qualitative data collection. Geographically diverse sample of 100 parents (72 mothers and 28 fathers) of young children with CHD. None. Parents joined a private group on Yammer and responded to 37 open-ended study questions over a 6-month period. Qualitative data were coded and analyzed using an iterative process. Three broad themes corresponding to pillars of family-based psychosocial care were identified: pillar 1) parent partnership in family-integrated medical care, pillar 2) supportive interactions focused on parent and family wellbeing, and pillar 3) integrated psychosocial care and peer support for parents and families. Each pillar was supported by subthemes corresponding to specific intervention strategies. Most parents described the need for intervention strategies across multiple pillars, with almost half reporting needs across all three pillars of psychosocial care. Parents' preferences for psychosocial support changed over time with changes to their child's medical status and across care settings (e.g., hospital, outpatient clinic). Results support a model of family-based psychosocial care that is multidimensional and flexible to meet the needs of families affected by CHD. All members of the healthcare team play an important role in providing psychosocial support. Future research incorporating components of implementation science is needed to promote uptake of these findings, with the goal of optimizing family-based psychosocial support in the hospital setting and beyond.

The Perils of Technology: Social Networking Addiction and Anxiety

Objective: After the invention of smart phone with many social networking sites, young generation specially seems likely to be affected with its excessive use. Along with the benefits brought by changes in technology, some negative repercussions can also result. Keeping this in mind the aim of this study was to explore the association between anxiety and social networking addiction in young adults. Method: For the said purpose a convenience sample of 200 young adults from Peshawar with an equal distribution of males (n=100) and females (n=100) participated in the study. Correlational research design was used to conduct the research. Social Networking Addiction Scale (SNAS; Mumtaz, 2014) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI; Beck & Steer, 1990) were applied on the sample. Findings: Results revealed a significant positive correlation between social networking addiction and anxiety among university students. Additionally, one-way ANOVA indicated significant differences in anxiety levels between addicted and non-addicted social media users, while no significant differences were found between excessive and addicted users. The findings also suggested a higher prevalence of social networking addiction among females as compared to males. Conclusion: On the basis of the results it is concluded that excessive use of social networking sites can put individuals at risk of developing anxiety. Hence, the software developers should program the sites such that it should turn off after a due time. Similarly, parents of young children should control the screen time of their offspring. Keywords: Social networking addiction, anxiety, young adults, internet, gender differences.

Topical corticosteroid counselling among Malaysian community pharmacists: a qualitative interview study

BackgroundTopical corticosteroids (TCS) are commonly available in community pharmacies and are used in skin conditions like atopic dermatitis and psoriasis among others. Problems such as overuse, use of potent steroids and steroid phobia have been identified in the use of TCS in the literature. The aim of the study was to obtain community pharmacists (CPs) views regarding factors influencing their counselling of patients about TCS; challenges associated, important problems, the counselling process, shared care with other healthcare professionals, and explore further the findings from the questionnaire-based study.MethodsSeven licensed practicing community pharmacists (from the Klang Valley, Malaysia) were interviewed between 23rd September to 14th November 2021. These were CPs participating in the questionnaire study who agreed to be interviewed. NVIVO 11 software was used for data analysis. Codes and themes were generated and agreed on by the researchers.ResultsThe major themes identified related to the process mentioned of providing information to patients, the issues addressed by CPs during the counselling (including steroid phobia, overuse of TCS, patients asking for a specific preparation by name), less counselling support material, language barriers, lesser knowledge about certain conditions, information sources used by CPs (material provided by Ministry of Health and Malaysian Pharmacists Association, MIMS) and suggestions to strengthen the quality of counselling (specialization in skin diseases, webinars, shared care models). For patients requesting a particular preparation by name, the pharmacist will decide whether the preparation requested is suitable or suggest an alternative. Steroid phobia was seen more commonly among parents of young children and young patients. MIMS was available as a smartphone application making it easier to use. Advanced training for CPs in the management of skin conditions like that provided for diabetes mellitus can be considered.ConclusionsCounselling was conducted while dispensing TCS in the open area of the pharmacy. Challenges to counselling were lack of time, limited counselling materials, and language barriers. Steroid phobia requires attention. Initiatives to strengthen counselling were mentioned by respondents and appear feasible. Further research covering the entire country is required.

The Construct Validity of a Questionnaire for Parental Physical Activity Orientation and Its Association with Parental Explicit Modeling in Parents of Young Children with Disabilities

ABSTRACT The purposes of the present study were a) to evaluate the construct validity of a questionnaire measuring parental physical activity (PA) orientation, and b) to examine the association between constructs of parental PA orientation and parental explicit PA modelling in parents of young children with disabilities. One hundred and thirty-five participants completed an online questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis was used to examine the construct validity of a questionnaire for parental PA orientation. Exploratory factor analysis for parental PA orientation revealed a four-factor solution, accounting for 59.02% of the variance with eigenvalues of 7.14, 6.88, 4.00, and 2.35 for factor 1 (parent-perceived motor performance of their child), factor 2 (parental enjoyment of PA), factor 3 (parental importance of PA), and factor 4 (parental awareness of accessible PA program), respectively. Two hierarchical multiple regression models were developed and used to examine the association between constructs of parental PA orientation and parental explicit PA modelling. Parental enjoyment and importance of PA were significant factors predicting parental explicit PA modelling, controlling for child’s age and parent’s age. The results of the current study may be used for resources when developing an intervention for parental explicit PA modelling in parents of children with disabilities.

LGBTQ parent concerns and parent–child communication about the Parental Rights in Education Bill (“Don't Say Gay”) in Florida

AbstractObjectiveThe current study sought to understand LGBTQ parents' concerns about how Florida's Parental Rights in Education Act (commonly referred to as the “Don't Say Gay” bill) would impact their children and family unit and whether and how they communicated with children about it.BackgroundFlorida's Parental Rights in Education bill, which was signed into law in 2022, has implications for educators, youth, and families, including LGBTQ parent families. Indeed, children in LGBTQ parent families already face marginalization and erasure in school settings, where curricula and policies often primarily center and reflect heterosexual parent families.MethodWe surveyed LGBTQ parents (N = 90) in Florida in 2022. The sample was primarily cisgender women (62%) and cisgender men (26%), with most participants identifying as lesbian (52%) or gay (23%). Almost two thirds of participants (63%) were White, and almost one third (32%) were Latinx.FindingsMore than three quarters of participants were worried about the bill. Primary concerns centered on how it would restrict their children's ability to speak freely about their families in the classroom and impact their sense of self by cultivating a climate where their families were marginalized. Parents also highlighted broader concerns about how the legislation would fuel further anti‐LGBTQ sentiment. Parents with few concerns typically had very young or high‐school–age children or had children in private school. Parents who talked about the bill with their children tended to be parents of older children, with parents of younger children often emphasizing family diversity to foster a sense of pride.ConclusionThe Parental Rights in Education Act and other anti‐LGBTQ legislation have the potential to impact a range of vulnerable children and families, including LGBTQ parent families.ImplicationsYouth and family advocates and practitioners should work to educate others about the effects of this legislation and support LGBTQ parent families in collective action and resiliency efforts.

Twelve-month psychosocial outcomes of continuous glucose monitoring with behavioural support in parents of young children with type 1 diabetes.

Managing type 1 diabetes in young children can cause significant stress for parents. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) may reduce parental burden. The Strategies to Enhance CGM Use in Early Childhood (SENCE) trial randomized parents of children (ages 2 to <8 years) with type 1 diabetes to CGM with family behavioural intervention (CGM + FBI), CGM alone (Standard-CGM) or blood glucose monitoring for 26 weeks before receiving CGM + FBI (BGM-Crossover). This report assesses changes in psychosocial outcomes for all groups over 52 weeks. CGM + FBI (n = 45), Standard-CGM (n = 42) and BGM-Crossover (n = 44) participants completed psychosocial assessments at baseline, 26 weeks and 52 weeks. Repeated measures linear regression models evaluated change within and between treatment groups. The BGM-Crossover group reported improved diabetes burden (Δ -6.9, 95% CI [-11.3, -2.6], p = 0.003), fear of hypoglycaemia (Δ -6.4, CI [-10.1, -2.6], p = 0.002) and technology satisfaction (Δ 7.3, CI [2.4, 12.2], p = 0.005) from 26 to 52 weeks, similar to published findings in the CGM + FBI group over the first 26 weeks. The Standard-CGM group reported increased technology satisfaction (Δ 7.3, CI [0.6, 14.0], p = 0.027) from baseline to 52 weeks. The CGM + FBI group reported less diabetes burden and fear of hypoglycaemia from baseline to 52 weeks, but changes were not statistically significant. Scores from 26 to 52 weeks did not deteriorate. Parents demonstrated psychosocial benefits following FBI that appeared to maintain without additional intervention. CGM-focused education with behavioural support likely helps parents of young children with type 1 diabetes reduce burden and worry in the short- and long-term.

Modeling and leveraging intuitive theories to improve vaccine attitudes.

Much of the richness of human thought is supported by people's intuitive theories-mental frameworks capturing the perceived structure of the world. But intuitive theories can also contain and reinforce dangerous misconceptions. In this paper, we take up the case of misconceptions about vaccine safety that discourages vaccination. These misconceptions constitute a major public health risk that predates the coronavirus pandemic but that has become all the more dire in recent years. We argue that addressing such misconceptions requires awareness of the broader conceptual contexts in which they are embedded. To build this understanding, we examined the structure and revision of people's intuitive theories of vaccination in five large survey studies (total N = 3,196). Based on these data, we present a cognitive model of the intuitive theory surrounding people's decisions about whether to vaccinate young children against diseases like measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR). Using this model, we were able to make accurate predictions about how people's beliefs would be revised in light of educational interventions, design an effective new intervention encouraging vaccination, and understand how these beliefs were affected by real-world events (the measles outbreaks of 2019). In addition to presenting a promising way forward for promoting the MMR vaccine, this approach has clear implications for encouraging the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines, especially among parents of young children. At the same time, this work provides the foundation for richer understandings of intuitive theories and belief revision more broadly. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Parent reported barriers and facilitators to support services for autistic children in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Parents might have problems in getting support services for their autistic child due to certain barriers. However, there might also be things that can ease or facilitate parents' access to support services. In this study, New Zealand parents were asked about their experiences in getting support services for their autistic child. We also looked at differences in reported barriers and facilitators based on several demographic factors with a focus on family level of financial resourcing. A total of 173 parents completed a survey. The results suggested that parents experienced several barriers, particularly related to service pathways. Facilitators were also experienced, predominantly related to providers. Financial resourcing predicted the number of parent-reported barriers. Both lower level of family financial resourcing and having a non-binary child predicted parents' rating of the extent of barriers. Child age and level of speech were predictors for reports of experiencing a higher number of facilitators, with parents of younger children or of non-speaking autistic children reporting a greater number of facilitators. We discuss how these results may be useful to support service delivery and identify areas for future research.

Symptoms, Physical Activity, and Biomarkers in Children at the End of Leukemia Maintenance Therapy.

Background: Symptoms in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) change over the trajectory of treatment but little is known about their symptoms as treatment ends. Physical activity may help decrease symptom distress and is vital for ongoing development. The role of biomarkers in symptom science is emerging. The purpose of the study was to explore relationships between self-report of symptoms and physical activity, actigraphy measures, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. Methods: Participants were children who were ages 3 to 18 years at the time of ALL diagnosis and were now in the last 12-week cycle of ALL maintenance. Self-reports of fatigue, sleep disturbance, depressive symptoms, and physical activity were completed by participants and parents of younger children. Participants wore a wrist actigraph continuously for the 7 days before other measurements. F2-isoprostanes and interleukin-8 were evaluated in CSF samples. Results: Among the 15 participants, self-report of symptoms and physical activity indicated levels similar to healthy peers. F2-isoprostane had a strong positive correlation with fatigue levels and with depressive symptoms. Fatigue, sleep disturbance, and depressive symptoms positively correlated with each other. Actigraph measures showed children met the CDC guidelines for 60 min of daily moderate to vigorous activity; sleep time was slightly less than healthy norms. Discussion: During maintenance therapy, most children return to healthy norms in symptom burden and physical activity. F2-isoprostane in the CSF is a biomarker for fatigue and depressive symptoms. Children who had persistent symptoms experienced them as a cluster, which confirms previous symptom cluster research.

Prevalence and Co-Occurrence of Developmental and Emotional-Behavioral Problems in Young Children.

A limited number of studies have estimated the prevalence of emotional-behavioral disorders among young children. None have assessed their co-occurrence with developmental delays using standardized assessment tools. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of emotional-behavioral disorders and their co-occurrence with developmental delays among young children (2-5.5 years). Parents of young children (N=987) enrolled from pediatric waiting rooms completed developmental-behavioral screening questionnaires. Based on results, 585 families were invited to and 439 completed evaluations that included structured diagnostic interviews with parents to assess child psychopathology (Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (PAPA)), developmental testing with children (including the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third Edition for children ≤ 42 months; Differential Ability Scales, second Edition for older children), and videotaped observation to establish whether autism risk was sufficient to warrant further evaluation. According to PAPA algorithms, 23.0% of children met criteria for a DSM-IV disorder, while 9% qualified for a developmental delay. Presence of delay doubled the odds of having a DSM-IV disorder (OR=2.1; CI: 1.02-4.3), and presence of disorder doubled the odds of having a moderate-to-severe developmental delay (OR=2.0; CI: 1.10-3.50). Prevalence of DSM-IV disorders (48.8% (95% CI: 33.5-64.5%)) and developmental delays (57.5% (95% CI: 41.7-71.9%)) were both higher among children at risk for autism. While developmental delay did not vary by race/ethnicity, prevalence of DSM-IV disorders was lower among African-American/Black (10.6%; CI: 2.9-18.3) and Hispanic/Latino children (11.1%; CI: 4.3-17.9). Developmental delays and emotional-behavioral disorders among young children seen in pediatric settings are characterized by high prevalence and substantial co-occurrence.

Effects of an educational program on self-efficacy towards type 1 diabetes mellitus disease among parents and adolescents in Jordan

BackgroundType 1 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common childhood chronic diseases worldwide. In Jordan, the prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus is increasing rapidly over the last few years. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a challenging disease since appropriate management of parents' and adolescents' diabetes requires knowledge, skills, and behavioral changes. ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness of a diabetes education program on self-efficacy towards type 1 diabetes mellitus among parents of young children and adolescents. MethodsA one-group pre-test-post-test study design was used. Participants registered in a diabetes education program and completed both pre-and post-test. ResultsA total of 44 participants; 29 parents and 15 adolescents completed pre- and post-education tests. There was a statistically significant difference in the average mean score from the pre-test (M = 3.51, SD = 0.615) to the post-test [M = 4.22, SD = 0.484, t (43) =6.704, p < 0.000] for the self-efficacy scale, and overall self-efficacy scores were significantly improved after undertaking the education program. ConclusionBased on the findings, it is suggested that providing an evidence-based type 1 diabetes mellitus education program could significantly positively affect the self-efficacy of adolescents and parents of young children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. RecommendationStaff nurses should be competent enough to provide basic diabetic health education to the adolescents, parents, and caregivers of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

PEDAGOGICAL PARTNERSHIP OF THE PRESCHOOL INSTITUTION WITH PARENTS IN TEACHING CHILDRENʼS MOVEMENTSOF EARLY AGE

The subject of the article is the pedagogical partnership of a preschool education institution with parents on the problem of learning the movements of young children in physical education. It was emphasized that the extent to which young children master correct movements depends on adults. Because the lack of this influence can lead to a significant lag in psycho-physical development of young children. Therefore, it is the pedagogical partnership of the preschool education institution with parents regarding the problem of teaching the movements of young children that is of great importance. It is noted that early age is one of the important stages in the life of every child. The essence of the concepts: “early age” and “pedagogical partnership” is revealed. It is emphasized that the process of learning the movements of young children is aimed at the formation and improvement of motor skills and abilities. Attention is drawn to the fact that the basis of pedagogical partnership is the idea ofresponsibility of both teachers and parents for teaching the movements of young children. The pedagogical partnership of teachers and parents of young children is based on the principles of openness, equality, voluntarines, which contributes to the activation of parents in the educational process of the preschool education institution. Physical exercises, massage and adult games with children, which contribute to the development of movements in young children, are singled out. It is emphasized that only in joint interaction parents and educators will be able to teach young children the correct movements. In further research, it is planned to consider effective forms of pedagogical partnership between parents and educators of preschool education institutions in teaching children movements.&#x0D; Keywords: young children; pedagogical partnership; educator; preschool education institution; learning movements; parents; physical education; physical exercises; massage; adult games with children.

Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic for the Well-Being of Emerging Adult Populations: A Synthesis of Findings From the COVID-19 Eating and Activity Over Time (C-EAT) Study.

Research addressing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychosocial well-being and health behavior is accumulating; however, implications for emerging adult populations are underexplored. This manuscript synthesizes findings from a mixed-methods study of well-being, eating and activity behaviors, and food insecurity among a diverse, longitudinal cohort of emerging adults. The review includes findings from 11 original studies that involved collecting online surveys from 720 emerging adults and in-depth, virtual interviews with 33 respondents who were food insecure. Findings indicated the pandemic had widespread impacts on well-being. Population groups at greatest risk for poor outcomes included women; those who identified as Black, Indigenous, or a Person of Color; persons in households of low socioeconomic status; parents of young children; and persons who previously experienced mental health challenges or weight stigma. Further research will be needed to evaluate efforts to improve the well-being of emerging adults in the aftermath of the pandemic.

Variation in coparenting quality in relation to child age: Links to coparents' relationship satisfaction and education.

Coparenting, denoting shared responsibilities in caring for a child, is a core component of parenthood for most parents. Research has linked quality in the coparenting relationship to several child outcomes as well as parent relationship satisfaction and mental health, yet whether and how these links may differ depending on child age is unclear. Here, we investigated links between coparenting quality, relationship satisfaction, parents' education, and child age, after assessing the psychometric properties of a Swedish version of the 35-item Coparenting Relationship Scale (CRS) in a sample of 206 parents in Sweden. Participants completed the full 35-item CRS, alongside the Parenting Alliance Measure (PAM) and a relationship satisfaction measure. Our findings reveal good psychometric qualities and construct validity for both the CRS and PAM used with Swedish parents. Consistent with other adaptations of the CRS, we found four composite factors for the CRS, all demonstrating high reliability and convergence with the PAM. In relation to child age, parents of older children reported poorer coparenting quality than parents of younger children. The link between relationship satisfaction and coparenting quality was stronger for highly educated parents. Education also predicted partner endorsement in parents of children in early and middle childhood, but not parents of infants. Together, our findings expand the empirical base for understanding coparenting and its links to relationship satisfaction in parents with children of different ages, and they highlight a moderating role of parental education in these links.

Children’s centres, parenting, and education in a post-pandemic world

ABSTRACTThe Covid-19 pandemic has been an acutely challenging time for families and parents of young children. Periods of lockdown, and the economic and social dislocation associated with the pandemic, will have far-reaching consequences for children’s education, life chances and social relationships. This article extends our understanding of these issues by drawing on extensive qualitative data from a study that investigated the work of children’s centres across a major UK city during the pandemic. Empirically, the article extends research on the interconnections between parenting, the early years, and the pandemic by outlining the interlocking range of problems facing families who used children’s centres. These include social isolation, domestic violence, poverty and destitution associated with unemployment and changes to Universal Credit, food insecurity and mental health. This constellation of factors reflects not only the impact of the pandemic but also enduring and entrenched patterns of inequalities. The data provides a starting point for the more conceptual and normative part of the article. Drawing on scholars such as E.O Wright and Michelle Jackson, we consider the scale and scope of the social, economic and political transformations required to build an education system that can support the needs of all.

Parental emotion socialization: Relations with adjustment, security, and maternal depression in early adolescence.

How parents approach and teach their children about emotions are key determinants of children's healthy adjustment (Denham, 2019). Parental emotion socialization has been mostly studied in parents of young children. Our study identified emotion socialization (ES) strategies used by parents of early adolescents (Study 1) and then examined the relations of ES strategies with early adolescent adjustment, parent-child attachment, and maternal depression (Study 2). Study 1 included 171 parents of 9- to 14-year-old children who completed an open-ended questionnaire about their reactions to their children's negative emotions, which was content coded for ES strategies. We found that parents do use the 6 traditional ES strategies (problem solving, emotion focused/comforting, encouragement, minimizing, punitive, and distress) with early adolescents, while also using 3 approaches not identified in studies of parents of younger children (self-regulation, parent seeking information, parent explaining). We also found that some ES strategies are context and gender specific. Study 2 included 218 mother and child dyads (children aged 9- to 14- years). Mothers completed the Revised Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale, adapted to include items assessing the 3 new strategies, and measures of child adjustment, attachment, and maternal depression. The ES strategies loaded on 3 factors: Collaborative Coping, Negative Reactions to Child's Distress, and Low Expectation for Child's Self-Regulation. Negative Reactions to Child's Distress showed associations with children's internalizing, externalizing, and prosocial behavior, and child attachment, while Collaborative Coping was related to prosocial behavior. Our results point to the importance of investigating additional ES strategies in early adolescence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).