Parental Occupation Research Articles

Otorhinolaryngology Morbidity Pattern among Patients Attending Outpatient Clinic of Suez General Hospital

Otorhinolaryngological disorders constitutes to one of the major causes of morbidity in any hilly area. Morbidity pattern has several determining factors like socio-economic status, basic education, occupation of parents, socio-cultural practices, living environment. Ear, nose and throat emergencies are common in all communities. Early diagnosis and management will result in reduction of morbidity and mortality.

Association of Preterm Birth and Socioeconomic Status With Neonatal Brain Structure

Preterm birth and socioeconomic status (SES) are associated with brain structure in childhood, but the relative contributions of each during the neonatal period are unknown. To investigate associations of birth gestational age (GA) and SES with neonatal brain morphology by testing 3 hypotheses: GA and SES are associated with brain morphology; associations between SES and brain morphology vary with GA; and associations between SES and brain structure and morphology depend on how SES is operationalized. This cohort study recruited participants from November 2016 to September 2021 at a single center in the United Kingdom. Participants were 170 extremely and very preterm infants and 91 full-term or near-term infants. Exclusion criteria were major congenital malformation, chromosomal abnormality, congenital infection, cystic periventricular leukomalacia, hemorrhagic parenchymal infarction, and posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation. Birth GA and SES, operationalized at the neighborhood level (using the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation), the family level (using parental education and occupation), and subjectively (World Health Organization Quality of Life measure). Brain volume (85 parcels) and 5 whole-brain cortical morphology measures (gyrification index, thickness, sulcal depth, curvature, surface area) at term-equivalent age (median [range] age, 40 weeks, 5 days [36 weeks, 2 days to 45 weeks, 6 days] and 42 weeks [38 weeks, 2 days to 46 weeks, 1 day] for preterm and full-term infants, respectively). Participants were 170 extremely and very preterm infants (95 [55.9%] male; 4 of 166 [2.4%] Asian, 145 of 166 [87.3%] White) and 91 full-term or near-term infants (50 [54.9%] male; 3 of 86 [3.5%] Asian, 78 of 86 [90.7%] White infants) with median (range) birth GAs of 30 weeks, 0 days (22 weeks, 1 day, to 32 weeks, 6 days) and 39 weeks, 4 days (36 weeks, 3 days, to 42 weeks, 1 day), respectively. In fully adjusted models, birth GA was associated with a higher proportion of brain volumes (27 of 85 parcels [31.8%]; β range, -0.20 to 0.24) than neighborhood-level SES (1 of 85 parcels [1.2%]; β = 0.17 [95% CI, -0.16 to 0.50]) or family-level SES (maternal education: 4 of 85 parcels [4.7%]; β range, 0.09 to 0.15; maternal occupation: 1 of 85 parcels [1.2%]; β = 0.06 [95% CI, 0.02 to 0.11] respectively). There were interactions between GA and both family-level and subjective SES measures on regional brain volumes. Birth GA was associated with cortical surface area (β = 0.10 [95% CI, 0.02 to 0.18]) and gyrification index (β = 0.16 [95% CI, 0.07 to 0.25]); no SES measure was associated with cortical measures. In this cohort study of UK infants, birth GA and SES were associated with neonatal brain morphology, but low GA had more widely distributed associations with neonatal brain structure than SES. Further work is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the association of both GA and SES with early brain development.

Socio-Economic Transformation and Occupational Shift in Nepal: Explorations in Generational Analysis

Studies in the global context show a variation in the occupational relationships in between father-son, father-daughter, mother-son and mother-daughter. However, such studies in Nepal are insufficient. This paper describes the socio-demographic features of people in between successive generations, and their occupational relationships, typically of father and son. A semi-structured questionnaire schedule was used to collect information from a total of 385 father son pairs during June to September 2018 in Gajuri Rural Municipality of Bagmati Province, Dhading District, Nepal. Information was collected from those fathers whose eldest son got married by the time of interview. The findings from bivariate analysis revealed that along with the changes of several socio-economic variables in the rural households in Nepal, there is both continuity and change in the parental occupations in between the father and son. Among various characteristics of father, the level of education and monthly income, in the case of son’s characteristics, the level of education and migration; and in the case of household characteristics, the caste/ethnicities and residential locations were related with the father-son occupational change. Hence, these findings indicate that the rural society in Nepal is undergoing socio-economic transformations; there is both continuity and change of fathers’ occupation by the son.

Factors affecting students’ entrepreneurial intentions and their differences based on gender, tribe, and parents’ occupation: a cross-sectional study

Background: This study examines the effect of entrepreneurial knowledge and self-efficacy in increasing entrepreneurial intentions and whether self-efficacy moderates entrepreneurial knowledge's effect on entrepreneurial intentions. Analysis of differences in entrepreneurial intentions based on gender, ethnicity, and parent's occupation. Methods: The data used in this study were collected from a survey conducted by distributing questionnaires electronically to students of the Economics education Study Program, Faculty of Economics, Medan State University semesters 3,5, and 7, totaling 307 and 260 willing to fill in. The analytical test used is the PLS-SEM test, as well as Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis (non-parametric test. This study examines the effect of entrepreneurial knowledge and self-efficacy in increasing entrepreneurial intentions and whether self-efficacy moderates entrepreneurial knowledge's effect on entrepreneurial intentions. Analysis of differences in entrepreneurial intentions based on gender, ethnicity, and parent's occupation. Results: Entrepreneurial knowledge and self-efficacy positively and significantly increased entrepreneurial intentions. Self-efficacy was not proven to act as a moderating variable, and there was no difference in entrepreneurial intentions between genders, tribes and parents’ occupations. Conclusions: This research implies that it is necessary to organize entrepreneurship education with an innovative active approach to increase women's entrepreneurial intentions and reduce gender inequiality in entrepreneurial activities. Further research is needed on the role of culture-based families in preparing their sons and daughters to become entrepreneurs.

Associations of Prenatal Agricultural Farm Work with Fetal Overgrowth and Pregnancy Complications in State of Arizona Birth Records.

The purpose of this study is to examine fetal growth outcomes from agricultural worker households. Using Arizona 2006 to 2013 birth certificates with parental occupation, we identified N = 623,185 live births by agricultural household status. Logistic regression models estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for macrosomia (>4000 g), postterm birth (>41 weeks), low birth weight (<2500 g), preterm birth (<37 weeks), large for GA, small for GA, and 5-minute APGAR (<7). Newborns of agricultural households (n = 6371) had a higher risk of macrosomia (aOR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.05-1.26), large for GA (aOR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.03-1.22), postterm birth (aOR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.09-1.33), and low 5-minute APGAR (aOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.07-1.81), whereas low birth weight (aOR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76-0.96) and preterm birth (aOR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.74-0.92) were inversely related. Having an agriculture working parent increased the likelihood of fetal overgrowth and low APGAR.

Student Attitudes and Interests in STEM in Qatar through the Lens of the Social Cognitive Theory

STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) has taken center stage as a priority policy agenda for Qatar’s leadership. At present, STEM stands as a fundamental catalyst for Qatar’s sustainable economic, environmental, human, and social development goals, as is outlined in the Qatar National Vision 2030. The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the determinants of students’ interest in pursuing Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) studies and eventual careers in Qatar. This study used a survey involving a representative sample of a total of 425 students from public (government-funded) middle schools in the country. Data for this research were gathered using a survey distributed to students in grades 7, 8, and 9. Guided by the Social Cognitive Theory, a survey was implemented with a view to investigating the intrinsic and extrinsic factors likely to contribute to student STEM educational and career interest. Two main statistical tests were carried out: independent sample t-tests and one way ANOVA. Results derived from the study reveal that gender, nationality, and parental education and occupation served as predictors of student interest in a STEM degree or profession. The results derived from this study have important implications for STEM-related fields of study and career.

Assessment of parental awareness about pediatric visual problems by Knowledge-Attitude-Practice survey in South India

To find out parents' knowledge, attitude, and treatment practice (KAP) toward pediatric eye problems and to assess the effect of demographic factors such as gender, age, educational status, and number of children on KAP.A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in a hospital setting. Two hundred parents were randomly selected for the questionnaire. All parents had children who were included in Systematic Pediatric Eye Care Through Sibling Screening Strategies (SPECSSS) study. A survey with 15 questions on KAP of pediatric eye diseases was prepared and administered to parents coming to a tertiary eye hospital with varied experience and education qualifications.The mean age of 200 patients was 9.6 (3.4) years, with the majority of them male (n = 110; 55.0%). The majority of the children (n = 91, 45.5%) were between the age group of 6-10 years. Knowledge of visual problems among parents was of a good grade in 9% only. The attitude of the parents toward the visual problem was positive at 17%, and the responses regarding the practice were of excellent grade at 46.5% and good at 26.5%. Analysis suggests that the level of knowledge and practice were not significantly associated with the demographic factors (p > 0.05). The positive attitude toward the visual problems of the children was associated with education of the parents (p < 0.05) and the father occupation (p < 0.05).Knowledge about pediatric eye diseases was poor among parents and it was significantly affected by education and occupation of parents. The parents have positive attitude toward enhancing their attitude in treatment.

Influence of the environment on the early development of attentional control

The control of visual attention is key to learning and has a foundational role in the development of self-regulated behavior. Basic attention control skills emerge early in life and show a protracted development along childhood. Prior research suggests that attentional development is influenced by environmental factors in early and late childhood. Although, much less information is available about the impact of the early environment on emerging endogenous attention skills during infancy. In the current study we aimed to test the impact of parental socioeconomic status (SES) and home environment (chaos) in the emerging control of orienting in a sample of typically-developing infants. A group of 142 (73 female) 6-month-old infants were longitudinally tested at 6, 9 (n = 122; 60 female) and 16–18 (n = 91; 50 female) months of age using the gap-overlap paradigm. Median saccade latency (mdSL) and disengagement failure (DF) were computed as dependent variables for both overlap and gap conditions. Also, composite scores for a Disengagement Cost Index (DCI) and Disengagement Failure Index (DFI) were computed considering mdSL and DF of each condition, respectively. Families reported SES and chaos in the first and last follow-up sessions. Using Linear Mixed Models with Maximum Likelihood estimation (ML) we found a longitudinal decrease in mdSL in the gap but not in the overlap condition, while DF decreased with age independently of the experimental condition. Concerning early environmental factors, an SES index, parental occupation and chaos at 6 months were found to show a negative correlation with DFI at 16–18 months, although in the former case it was only marginally significant. Hierarchical regression models implementing ML showed that both SES and chaos at 6 months significantly predicted a lower DFI at 16–18 months. Results show a longitudinal progression of endogenous orienting between infancy and toddlerhood. With age, an increased endogenous control of orienting is displayed in contexts where visual disengagement is facilitated. Visual orienting involving attention disengagement in contexts of visual competition do not show changes with age. Moreover, these attentional mechanisms of endogenous control seem to be modulated by early experiences of the individual with the environment.

Social Determinants of Stunting in Indonesia

Stunting is a form of malnutrition that causes growth disorders characterized by height that is not in accordance with age. Around 8.9 million Indonesian children experience suboptimal growth. This study aimed to determine the social factors associated with the incidence of stunting in Indonesia. The method used were secondary data processing from Indonesian family data collection in 2021. The population of this data collection were 66.207.139 families from 33 provinces in Indonesia. The research sample were 38.886.147 families. The variables analyzed were indicators of pre-prosperous families, environmental facilities, high risk pregnancy in couples of childbearing age, with the risk of stunting. Data were analyzed using linear regression. The results showed that the determinants of stunting are maternal education, parental occupation and income, environment, social and family support, and health service factors. Based on the analysis, there is a relationship between the social determinants of health according to healthy people and the increase in stunting cases in Indonesia.

The Effect of Parental Social Status in Academia: Comparative Case of the Public/Private University in Morocco

In the education system, the different parental resources of university students are linked to social inequality by distinct mechanisms, they are reproduced and legitimized. The socio-economic status (SES) of students assumed to be indexed, by the level of education, parental occupation, or family income, is a predictor of educational outcomes. The implementation of interventions that reduce the gap in the achievement of Socio-Economic Status (SES), can face significant ideological obstacles. In a purely sociological approach, our comparative study analyzes through a questionnaire survey, the socio-economic and cultural environment of the students of two Moroccan universities, the Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sick (FSBM) of Casablanca, a public institution, and a private institution located in the same city but geographically in an upscale neighborhood. The results obtained attest that the social and cultural heritage of parents transmitted to students has effects on social reproduction, as well as the strong significant involvement of social origin in the learning process.

Social determinants of cognitive outcomes in survivors of pediatric brain tumors treated with conformal radiation therapy.

Social determinants of health including parental occupation, household income, and neighborhood environment are predictors of cognitive outcomes among healthy and ill children; however, few pediatric oncology studies have investigated this relationship. This study utilized the Economic Hardship Index (EHI) to measure neighborhood-level social and economic conditions to predict cognitive outcomes among children treated for brain tumors (BT) with conformal radiation therapy (RT). Two hundred and forty-one children treated on a prospective, longitudinal, phase II trial of conformal photon RT (54-59.4 Gy) for ependymoma, low-grade glioma, or craniopharyngioma (52% female, 79% white, age at RT = 7.76 ± 4.98 years) completed serial cognitive assessments (intelligence quotient [IQ], reading, math, and adaptive functioning) for ten years. Six US census tract-level EHI scores were calculated for an overall EHI score: unemployment, dependency, education, income, crowded housing, and poverty. Established socioeconomic status (SES) measures from the extant literature were also derived. Correlations and non-parametric tests revealed EHI variables share modest variance with other SES measures. Income, unemployment, and poverty overlapped most with individual SES measures. Linear mixed models, accounting for sex, age at RT, and tumor location, revealed EHI variables predicted all cognitive variables at baseline and change in IQ and math over time, with EHI overall and poverty most consistent predictors. Higher economic hardship was associated with lower cognitive scores. Neighborhood-level measures of socioeconomic conditions can help inform understanding of long-term cognitive and academic outcomes in survivors of pediatric BT. Future investigation of poverty's driving forces and the impact of economic hardship on children with other catastrophic diseases is needed.

Childhood Disadvantage Moderates Late Midlife Default Mode Network Cortical Microstructure and Visual Memory Association.

Childhood disadvantage is a prominent risk factor for cognitive and brain aging. Childhood disadvantage is associated with poorer episodic memory in late midlife and functional and structural brain abnormalities in the default mode network (DMN). Although age-related changes in DMN are associated with episodic memory declines in older adults, it remains unclear if childhood disadvantage has an enduring impact on this later-life brain-cognition relationship earlier in the aging process. Here, within the DMN, we examined whether its cortical microstructural integrity-an early marker of structural vulnerability that increases the risk for future cognitive decline and neurodegeneration-is associated with episodic memory in adults at ages 56-66, and whether childhood disadvantage moderates this association. Cortical mean diffusivity (MD) obtained from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure microstructural integrity in 350 community-dwelling men. We examined both visual and verbal episodic memory in relation to DMN MD and divided participants into disadvantaged and nondisadvantaged groups based on parental education and occupation. Higher DMN MD was associated with poorer visual memory but not verbal memory (β = -0.11, p = .040 vs β = -0.04, p = .535). This association was moderated by childhood disadvantage and was significant only in the disadvantaged group (β = -0.26, p = .002 vs β = -0.00, p = .957). Lower DMN cortical microstructural integrity may reflect visual memory vulnerability in cognitively normal adults earlier in the aging process. Individuals who experienced childhood disadvantage manifested greater vulnerability to cortical microstructure-related visual memory dysfunction than their nondisadvantaged counterparts who exhibited resilience in the face of low cortical microstructural integrity.

The Effect of Parental Occupation and Family Arragements on Occupational Choices among Brazilian Youth

This paper estimates the added worker effect and discouraged worker effect for young people in metropolitan Brazil. Its main contribution is to reveal how the transition to unemployment by the household head impacts labor supply among youth, considering the demographic changes – especially the size and composition of family arrangements – that Brazil has undergone in recent decades. We designed multinomial probit models (with and without correction of sample selection bias) covering the main metropolitan regions of the country using data from Brazil’s Monthly Employment Survey (PME) for the years 2002 to 2015, which compiles information on monthly transitions in the Brazilian labor market. Our findings point to evidence of a greater transition of young men and women to activation in the labor market, specifically from inactivity to unemployment, in periods when the household head became unemployed. On the other hand, there is no evidence of a statistically significant discouraged worker effect impacting these individuals. Furthermore, the parents’ occupational situation seems to have little effect on the transition to activation of young males in low-income families, unlike those belonging to wealthier families.

What Constitutes Fair Treatment of Asian American Applicants?

Today’s challengers of affirmative action in university admissions allege that these policies discriminate against Asian Americans. However, this focus detracts from a more just and effective locus of intervention: admissions disparities between white and Asian American applicants. Notably, defenders of affirmative action err when they reject claims of discrimination against Asian Americans by pointing to differences in facially neutral characteristics between white and Asian American applicants to explain away these admissions disparities. They fail to recognize how these differences in facially neutral factors between white and Asian American applicants resultfrom legacies of racial injustice.To avoid this error, this Article draws on anti-subordination and sociological literature to posit that identifying unfair treatment against Asian American applicants is fundamentally a normative issue. The question of whether the admissions disparities between white and Asian American applicants evince discrimination will never be settled without grappling with which facially neutral criteria can fairly and legitimately explain these disparities. An inquiry into the fairness of facially neutral criteria must consider how such criteria build on the subordination of Asian Americans. To concretize this inquiry, this Article uses the analyses and data from SFFA v. Harvard to examine the fairness of certain facially neutral criteria that contribute to admissions disparities between white and Asian American applicants, criteria that scholars have neglected to consider. These admissions factors are parental occupation, declared career interests, and additional preferences for legacy applicants. This Article then seeks to invigorate a public conversation about the complex considerations that undergird labeling admissions criteria unfair. It concludes by suggesting possible reforms to admissions schemes based on how these public deliberations may unfold.

Reproduction of Parental Occupations, Income and Poverty in Brazil

This article aims to analyze the parental reproduction of occupations and their effects on income according to the diverse socioeconomic conditions of Brazil. Logistic regressions and wage decomposition using RIF -Recentered Influence Function—were applied to the microdata of the 2019 National Continuous Household Sample Survey. We found that sons tend to follow the occupation of fathers and daughters that of mothers; rural dwellers from traditional families and from poorer classes with low levels of education are more likely to reproduce their parents' occupation. Parental reproduction of occupations among the poor leads to lower remuneration for individuals compared to those who choose other occupations and to the maintenance of economic poverty. Impacts are greatest in the smallest quantile of wage distribution and for the poor.

Nutritional Status and Related Factors among Primary School Children, at Mangalore

Malnutrition is major public health problem in developing countries causing higher morbidity and mortality among children. The present study described nutritional status and related factors among primary school children in Mangalore so as to plan and provide basis to health care providers and policy makers to develop strategy and prevent malnutrition. This study included a total of 110 school children from class 5, 6 and 7 from the primary school situated in Mangalore City. The students were assessed for knowledge, attitude, enabling factors and reinforcing factors towards the nutrition through a questionnaire. Nutritional status of the children was determined by anthropometric Measurements and classified according to the degree of malnutrition based on Gomez standard of classification (weight- for- age) and Water low’s classification (height- for- age). Majority of the children were malnourished (82.73%) and most of the children were moderately malnourished (43.64%). Only 20% of the children had adequate nutritional knowledge and good attitude was observed only in 13.64% of the children. Boys constituted 51.82% of the study population and boy to girl ratio was 1.07:1. Most of the children were aged 11 years (34.55%) and the mean age was 11 ± 1 years. First birth order was noted among 34.55% of the children. The money spent for snacking was between one to five rupees in 54.55% and 38.18% of the children had two times snacking a day. Majority of the children lived with their parents (93.64%). With regard to parents educations and occupation, 57.27% of the parents (both father and mother) were educated upto elementary school and were labours (Father 78.18% and mother 75.45%). The average monthly income was between Rs. 1,000 to 5,000 in 47.27% of the children Majority of the children (69.09%) had &gt; 5 family members and 39.09% of the children had no siblings Almost all the children (99.09%) were aware about health awareness programme and 97.27% were aware about food supplementary support programme in schools. Positive association was found between nutritional status and attitude towards the nutrition (p=0.004), age (p&lt;0.001), mothers education (p=0.002) and father’s education (p=0.016). There is high prevalence of malnutrition among the school children of study area aged between 9 to 13 years. Initiatives towards the increasing awareness of nutrition in children may help to reduce the burden of malnutrition among these children.

Examining the Attitudes of Turkish Students Towards Scientific Field Trips

In this research, it is aimed to examine the attitudes of Turkish students attending middle school according to various variables (gender, class level, academic achievement, daily study time, maternal education status, maternal occupation, father education status, father's profession, family income status, number of people living in households). The research is designed according to one of the quantitative research methods, the scanning pattern. The sample group of the study consists of 452 secondary school students who were educated in the central district of Kilis province in the fall semester of the 2021-2022 academic year, aged between 10 and 13, selected using simple unelected sampling method. The data of the research were analyzed using the SPSS 23 program. The research findings reveals that middle school students have a high attitude towards scientific field trips. Student attitudes towards the learning tool and adventure direction, which are the sub-dimensions of scientific field trips, are moderate; student attitudes towards social and environmental aspects are high. It was also concluded that the attitudes of secondary school students towards scientific field trips differed importantly according to gender, academic achievement, study time, parental education level and occupation and number of households. However, it was detected that the attitudes of middle school students towards scientific field trips did not differ importantly according to class level and economic level variables.

A Study of Factors Influencing Delayed Diagnosis in Pediatric Cancers: A Step Towards Better Outcomes-A Cross-sectional Study.

Annually, India contributes to one-fifth of newly diagnosed pediatric cancers worldwide. Poor outcome in India as compared with developed nations is mainly attributed to delayed diagnosis and study of factors influencing delay in diagnosis holds paramount importance in formulating strategies and counter-measures to improve survival. It was a cross-sectional study conducted on children diagnosed with malignancy at a tertiary care hospital. Diagnosis delay was defined and further divided into patient delay and physician delay. Various patient-related factors and socioeconomic factors that could affect diagnosis were studied. Statistical analysis included descriptive analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and multivariate linear regression. Of 185 patients enrolled, median diagnosis delay, patient delay, and physician delays were 59, 30, and 7 days respectively. Median diagnosis delay was significantly higher in younger children, children of illiterate parents, and low income. Median diagnosis delay in children presenting to a general practitioner (9 [4 to 29] days) was higher than those presenting to a pediatrician (5.5 [2 to 18] days). Sex, occupation of parents, and distance from oncology center did not affect time for diagnosis. We concluded that augmentation of the parent's attitudes, increased awareness, and decentralization of specialized pediatric care to rural areas can significantly reduce mortality from, otherwise, curable malignancies.

Monitoring the Status of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases in Non-Endemic Implementation Units: A Case Study of Borgu in Northcentral Nigeria.

Nigeria remains the most endemic country in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) for soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH). In line with ongoing monitoring plans, we present findings from a recent analysis of STH epidemiological data in Borgu, one of the non-endemic implementation units for STH in the northcentral region of Nigeria. An overall prevalence of 8.8% was recorded for STH infection, which corresponds to a 51.9% decline from the 18.3% reported in 2013. All the infected participants (36 out of 410) had a low intensity of infection. However, more than two-thirds (69%) of the children do not have access to latrine facilities, and 45% of them walk barefoot. Prevalence was significantly associated with community, age, and parental occupation. About 21-25% reduced odds were reported in some of the study communities, and children whose parents were traders had 20 times lower odds of infection compared to those whose parents were farmers. The ongoing preventive chemotherapy program for lymphatic filariasis in the area could be responsible for the huge reduction in prevalence and intensity estimates for STH. It is therefore important to invest in monitoring transmission dynamics in other non-endemic areas to arrest emerging threats through the provision of complementary interventions including WASH facilities and other health educational tools.

The Impact of Parents' Education Level and Occupation on Their Children's Educational Planning, Educational Resource Provision, and Family Education Practices

This article studies the impact of parents' education level and occupation on their children's educational planning, educational resource provision, and family education practices. Parents with a high level of education can better choose advanced educational concepts, understand their children's educational needs, communicate effectively with their children in educational practice, and create a good family atmosphere. Parents with high professional incomes can provide their children with high-consumption educational technology products, high-level schools, and other good educational resources, which can subtly influence their children's way of thinking through the lifestyle of high social circles. Parents' professional abilities, professional experience, and values accumulated in their occupation can also be used as educational resources for their children, providing interest guidance and knowledge accumulation.