Ability Of Parents Research Articles

The home environment during the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in learning enjoyment and learning effort: A study of German lower secondary school students

This study investigated changes in learning enjoyment and learning effort, two central yet under-researched aspects of school-related emotion and motivation, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also verified whether selected aspects of the home environment predicted changes in the two aspects. To this end, we used data gathered from 4240 German lower secondary school students surveyed before (Grade 7, 2018/19) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (Grade 8, 2019/20 and Grade 9, 2020/21). The analyses, which involved latent change score models with covariates, revealed a decrease in student learning enjoyment and learning effort between Grades 7 and 9. Moreover, the student-perceived consequences of the pandemic predicted a decrease in both of these constructs, whereas parental ability to provide learning support during distance learning predicted a decrease in learning enjoyment. The strength of this relationship depended on prior student academic achievement. The results highlight the role of environmental factors for the development of learning enjoyment and learning effort.

Parenting by individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and neurobehavioral outcomes in their offspring.

The neurobehavioral health impairments associated with prenatal alcohol exposure are now known to persist through adulthood. However, little is known about how these impairments affect individuals' parenting abilities and the neurobehavioral health of their offspring. This study compares parents with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) with socioeconomically matched, nonexposed parents on measures of parenting and family support and assesses the neurobehavioral health of the children in both groups. Forty-nine parent-child dyads were recruited from a longitudinal cohort of low socioeconomic status. Measures included the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire, Family Support Scale, an in-depth psychosocial history, the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC; parent and child reports), the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), a screening psychiatric evaluation of the child, the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery for Children, The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Third Edition caregiver rating form, and the Traumatic Events Screening Inventory (parent and child reports). Cognitive functioning was impaired for both offspring of parents with FASD ( = 81.1, SD = 13.0) and control parents ( = 79.9, SD = 16.1), but despite similar impairments, children of parents with FASD were less likely to have an Individualized Education Plan than controls. Adaptive functioning was adequate for both groups ( = 92.1, SD = 15.4 in exposed vs. = 94.3, SD = 12.3 in controls) and CBCL and PSC scores in both groups were within normal limits. Parents in both groups showed a predominantly authoritative parenting style. Despite a similar frequency of adverse childhood experiences in both groups, parents with FASD were less likely to recognize their child's adverse experiences. Parents with FASD display notable strengths including a predominantly authoritative parenting style. However, parents with FASD underrecognize child trauma and underutilize developmental services compared to socioeconomically matched controls, despite similar neurocognitive impairments. Impairments in adaptive functioning in parents with FASD may translate into difficulties with child-parent communication and limit both insight into neurobehavioral problems and advocacy skills. There is a need to identify and support parents with FASD to optimize their parenting abilities in the context of their individual strengths and difficulties.

Identification of heterosis and combining ability in the hybrids of male sterile and restorer sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] lines.

In sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], combining ability and heterosis analysis are commonly used to evaluate superior parental lines and to screen for strongly heterotic hybrids, which helps in sorghum variety selection and breeding. In this context, combining ability and heterosis analysis were assessed using 14 restorer lines and seven cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines in 2019 and 2020. The analysis of variance of all cross combinations had highly significant differences for all characters studied, which indicated a wide variation across the parents, lines, testers, and crosses. Combining ability analysis showed that the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of the different parents were differed significantly among different traits. Most combinations with high SCA also showed high GCA in their parent lines. The heritability in the narrow sense of grain weight per panicle and grain yield was relatively low, indicating that the ability of these traits to be directly inherited by offspring was weak, that they were greatly affected by the environment. The better-parent heterosis for plant height, grain weight per panicle, panicle length, and 1000-grain weight was consistent with the order of mid-parent heterosis from strong to weak. The GCA effects of two lines 10480A, 3765A and three testers 0-30R, R111, and JY15R were significant for the majority of the agronomic traits including grain yield and might be used for improving the yield of grains in sorghum as parents of excellent specific combining ability. Seven strongly heterotic F1 hybrids were screened; of these, hybrids 3765A × R111, 1102A × L2R, and 3765A × JY15R showed significant increases in seed iristectorigenin A content and will feature into the creation of new sorghum varieties rich in iristectorigenin A.

Research on the Path of Improving the Parenting Ability of Teachers of Marxist Civics Classes in Colleges and Universities Based on Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks

Abstract Drawing on the insights from the expert consultation form and the current state of parenting ability among teachers of Marxist Civics courses in higher education institutions, this paper initiates the selection of evaluation indicators for these teachers’ pedagogical skills. These indicators undergo reliability and validity testing before finalizing the evaluation system. Subsequently, the indices are quantified, and principal component analysis is employed to reduce the dimensions of these indices, resulting in an index feature matrix. The scores of these evaluation indices serve as inputs to a Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network (BiRNN), with the comprehensive ability scores of Civics teachers as the outputs. This forms the basis for constructing a BiRNN-based evaluation model for assessing the educational capabilities of Marxist Civics course instructors in colleges and universities. The study then proceeds with an empirical analysis using this model. The results show that BiRNN (RMSE=0.0084, R=0.9948) can effectively improve the evaluation accuracy of the parenting ability of college Civics teachers, and B1 to B10 all show a significant correlation with the parenting ability (Y) of Civics teachers (Sig<0.05). The Person correlation coefficients are 0.607, 0.691, 0.472, 0.785, 0.499, 0.758, 0.437, 0.539 and 0.519 respectively. This study reveals in depth the factors influencing the parenting ability of Marxist Civics teachers, which is of great significance in promoting the enhancement of the parenting ability of Marxist Civics teachers in colleges and universities.

Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Jarak Jauh bagi Siswa Tunarungu pada Masa Covid-19 di Kelas XI SMALB Api Alam Pamekasan

Islamic religious education is the most important thing to be taught to all Muslims, including deaf children. However, implementing learning for deaf students is not easy, this is because their physical limitations can affect all aspects of themselves. Especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, the Indonesian government required all education practitioners to carry out distance learning. Distance learning is what makes learning for deaf students more difficult given the limitations that students have and the limitations of the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic. This research aims to analyze learning planning, learning implementation, learning evaluation as well as supporting and inhibiting factors for distance learning for deaf students during the Covid-19 pandemic in class XI Islamic religious education subjects at SMALB Api Alam Pamekasan. The research approach used is a qualitative field approach, with descriptive analysis research type. The methods used are interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis is carried out by collecting data, reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. Checking the validity of the data is carried out through credibility tests, transferability tests, dependability tests and confirmability tests. The research results showed that learning planning was carried out by creating lesson plans that were appropriate to the students' needs and conditions. Learning is carried out online and offline. There are two learning evaluations, namely daily evaluation and semester evaluation. Consists of 3 aspects of assessment, namely cognitive, affective and psychomotor assessment. Supporting factors for PJJ include good cooperation between teachers and students' parents. And factors inhibiting PJJ include students' lack of ability to understand learning, students' erratic emotions or moods, lack of ability of students' parents to understand and explain the material that must be presented and parents lack of time to accompany students in their learning.

A STUDY OF THE FAMILY EDUCATION ECOSYSTEM FOR THE PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH DEVELOPMENT OF 0-3-YEAR-OLD INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN

This article focuses on the study of the family education ecosystem for the development of mental health in infants and young children aged 0–3 years. Explained the ecosystem view and examined its family education ecology from the perspective of ecosystem view. Based on mature scales and through literature research, a family education ecosystem model suitable for the psychological health development of 0–3 year old infants and young children was constructed. A survey was conducted on 296 parents of infants and young children. Empirical analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between independent variables and dependent variables such as parental education level, family economic conditions, family structure status, parental education knowledge, parental education literacy, parental education concepts, parental education abilities, parent-child relationships, family lifestyle, system, culture, etc. Based on empirical analysis results, for the development of psychological health in infants and young children aged 0–3, it is possible to strengthen the construction of a family education ecosystem from three dimensions: micro system, meso system, and macro system; Construct a matching family education ecosystem for infants and young children aged 0–1 and 1–3, respectively, to improve targeting. From the perspective of the family visual microsystem, it is necessary to encourage children to express their emotions such as joy, anger, sadness and fun, and teach them appropriate emotional regulation techniques; promote children's development of self-awareness, understanding of their capabilities and abilities, and develop self-confidence and independence.

Effectiveness of Schema-Based Parenting on Emotion Regulation, Reflective Functioning, and the Parent-Child Relationship of Mothers with Children Under 6 Years Old

Objective: This study aimed to examine schema-based parenting on emotion regulation, reflective functioning, and the parent-child relationship of mothers with children under 6 years old. Methods and Materials: The present study is a quantitative research with a pretest-posttest and follow-up design, including two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all mothers with children under 6 years old in the city of Isfahan. For sampling purposes, kindergartens in Isfahan were purposefully selected, and from among them, based on the cut-off point of questionnaires and inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 participants were chosen. They were randomly assigned equally into two groups: an experimental group (15 individuals) and a control group (15 individuals). Subsequently, schema-based parenting training sessions (competent parenting) based on the protocol by Mehrabi Nia et al. (2022) were conducted for the experimental group, while the control group received no intervention. The research tools included the Parent-Child Relationship Scale by Pianta (1992), the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire by Fonagy et al. (1991), and the Emotion Regulation Checklist by Shields and Cicchetti (1995). The data collected through questionnaires were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests (repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test) and SPSS software. Findings: Given that the calculated F value for intergroup (group membership effect) and intragroup (time effect) as well as the interactive effect of group and time is significant at a 99% confidence level (P < 0.01), these results indicate a significant difference between the two groups. Furthermore, the results show that this significant difference exists at least during one of the intervention times among the research groups. The Bonferroni post hoc test results indicated a significant difference between the scores of adaptive emotion regulation, instability/negativity, reflective functioning, and parent-child relationship during the research stages between the experimental and control groups (p < 0.01). In other words, schema-based parenting training has had a significant impact on improving the research variables (p < 0.01). Conclusion: These results confirm that this approach can be used as an effective strategy in enhancing parental abilities and reducing psychological challenges for mothers during the parenting period.

Analisis Peran Guru dan Orang Tua dalam Penguatan Literasi Digital Peserta Didik di Masa Pascapandemi Covid-19

The recent Covid-19 Pandemic has further institutionalised the applications of digital technologies in education. Some schools are not ready to do a distance learning class because of the limited ability of teachers and parents to use technology. Meanwhile, after covid-19 pandemic, there were many students whose moral decreased. This study aims to describe and determine how the role of teachers and the role of parents to strengthening of digital literacy in post-pandemic era. The research approach used is descriptive qualitative in the nature of field research located at UPTD SD Negeri 13 Perupuk, Lima Puluh Pesisir, Batubara. Informants in this research were head of school, teachers, and parents. While the data collection used through interviews that had been conducted to be strengthened and corrected. The data analysis techniques are data reduction, data presentation, and verification or drawing conclusions. The findings show the role of the teachers and parents both are very important to strengthening of digital literacy their children. The findings show that the students at SDN 13 Perupuk accept the use of gadgets due to their usefulness and easiness. However, there were some negative impacts of gadget usage in terms of social life and whose moral decreased. Therefore, teachers and parents must giving guidance to students in using digital technologies in education

Parents' Knowledge and Skills in Feeding, Children's Response to Feeding on the Nutritional Status of Toddlers with Malnutrition Problems

Malnutrition, notably stunting, significantly impacts children's health and development, particularly during the first 1000 days of life. The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is notably high, affecting approximately 30% of children under five in 2019, with Kediri Regency reporting a prevalence rate of 10.23% in 2022. The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of parental knowledge and skills in improving nutritional status as well as children's responses to feeding on the nutritional status of children with malnutrition problems. The research design used in this research is a pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design. The sampling technique was total sampling with respondents in this study being 22 underprivileged families with toddlers who had nutritional problems and stunting in the Gempolan Village area. The problem of malnutrition in toddlers is quite high with an average Z Score of -2.42 (BB/U), -2.46 (TB/U), and -1.53 (BB/TB). Pre-test data on parents' knowledge and ability to fulfill children's nutrition shows that 68% have fairly good knowledge and skills and only 9% have good knowledge and skills. In this study, 50% of respondents had a fairly good response to feeding. The data highlights a significant problem of malnutrition in toddlers, characterized by low Z-Scores indicating undernutrition and growth stunting. These low Z-Scores pose substantial health risks, including compromised growth, weakened immunity, and potential long-term health issues. Parental knowledge and skills in nutrition are crucial, with most parents having reasonable knowledge levels. However, feeding problems persist, contributing to food rejection by children, exacerbating malnutrition.

Frequency of heterotic hybrids in relation to general combining ability of parents in sweet corn.

The success of developing prominent hybrids directly depends on the selection of parents with good combining ability which can transfer desirable genes with additive effects to their progeny. The data of 42 hybrids generated using 7×7 full diallel design; their seven parents along with three check hybrids were subjected to combining ability analysis from the experiment that was carried out during rainy season 2019. The analysis of variance showed significant general combining ability, and specific combining ability mean sum of squares for all the thirteen characters studied. It is obvious from the results that three lines (SC Sel 2, SC Sel 1 and SC Sel 3) showed high overall general combining ability status, suggesting these lines as good general combiners across traits. Eighteen hybrids had high overall specific combining ability status, while nearly 52% (22 hybrids), 57% (24 hybrids) and 47% (20 hybrids) of crosses showed high overall mid-parent, better-parent and standard heterosis. The unique superiority of crosses involving high overall general combiner parent in the crosses highlighted the importance of using such parents to realize high heterotic crosses. A non-linear relationship between high overall specific combining ability status and heterotic status of hybrids was noticed. The probability of obtaining a cross with high standard heterosis was more with employing parents with high general combining ability status.

Examining Parental Abilities to Recognize Sexual Grooming Behaviors of Child Sexual Abusers

Examining Parental Abilities to Recognize Sexual Grooming Behaviors of Child Sexual Abusers

فعالية برنامج إيرلي بيرد بلس في تحسين الكفاية الوالدية لدى أسر الأطفال ذوي اضطراب طيف التوحد

Objectives: This study aims to explore the effectiveness of the EarlyBird Plus program in improving parental competence in a sample of families of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The study sample included 24 families of ASD children. Method: The researcher used the quasi-experimental approach. Results: The results of the study showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups on the parental competency scale in the post-measurement; in favor of the experimental group. Results, also, revealed a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group on the scale of parental competence in the pre-and post-measurements in favor of the post-measurement. In addition, there is no statistically significant difference between the mean ranks of the experimental group's scores on the parental competency scale in the post-measurement at a three-month follow-up date. Conclusions: The results of this study are likely to inspire researchers to create counseling programs to assist families with ASD children in managing the pressures they confront and developing parental abilities that allow them to actively participate in inclusive education.

Development of a storytelling communication facilitation tool (SCFT) to facilitate discussion of complex genetic diagnoses between parents and their children: A pilot study using 22q11.2 deletion syndrome as a model condition.

To develop and evaluate a storytelling communication facilitation tool designed to help parents overcome barriers to discussing a complex multisystem genetic diagnosis with their affected children, using 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) as an exemplar condition. A story telling communication facilitation tool (SCFT), entitled 22q and Me, was developed for a target audience of children with 22q11DS aged 9 to 12. The SCFT was evaluated by 14 parents to assess usability and utility by comparing responses to survey questions before and after viewing the SCFT, using a Likert scale. After viewing 22q and Me, parents reported that barriers to discussion were mitigated. Participants indicated they felt more comfortable and better prepared to talk to their children about 22q11DS and worried less that the diagnosis would affect their children's self-esteem. Parents described 22q and Me as engaging and able to address parental concerns. 22q and Me was found to be an effective tool for increasing parental comfort and ability to talk to their children about their diagnosis of 22q11DS. This novel storytelling communication facilitation tool can serve as a model for the development of other educational tools geared at facilitating disclosure and discussion of other genetic conditions.

Age And Parity Toward Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) Incident Of Pregnant Mother In Puskesmas Gaji

Pregnant mother with Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) are pregnant women who suffer from a lack of calories and protein (malnutrition). Factors that influence CED pregnant women include age and parity. Age will affect the ability or experience of parents in providing nutrition, while parity is a woman who has given birth to a live (viable) baby. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between age and parity with the incidence of CED in pregnant women at the Gaji Kerek Health Center, Tuban Regency. The study used comparative analysis with a case and control approach. The sample are 80 people consisting of 40 pregnant women with CED and 40 without CED, sample was taken by simple random sampling technique. In this study, age and parity were the independent variables and chronic energy deficiency was the dependent variable. Data collected from secondary data were then analyzed by testing the contingency coefficient with a significance of α <0.05. The study showed most of the pregnant women who experienced CED (case group) occurred at the risk age and almost all of the pregnant women who did not experience CED (control group) occurred at the non-risk age. Most of the pregnant women who experienced CED (case group) and without CED (control groups) were multiparous. Based the result of this study, there is correlation between age and parity with the incidence of CED in pregnant mother (p-value = 0.000). Suggested to health workers at the Puskesmas Gaji to screen nutritional status as early as possible in their teens and carry out treatment to reduce the incidence of CED in pregnant women.

Comparison of perceived parental empathy between adolescents with leukemia and healthy adolescents: A comparative descriptive study

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate and compare perceived parental empathy between adolescents with and without leukemia. MethodsThis study used a cross-sectional, descriptive design. Thirty-eight adolescents with leukemia and 205 without, completed a self-reported questionnaire regarding their perceptions of parental empathy and general characteristics. For this comparative study, adolescents were selected through matched sampling, and 38 adolescents per group were used for analysis. Data were examined using independent t-tests. ResultsIn terms of parental empathy, excessive emotional reactions and cold emotional reactions were perceived more frequently by adolescents with leukemia than healthy adolescents. Differences between the two groups were statistically significant. ConclusionSince parents caring for children with leukemia have an extra burden in caring for their children, these parents are continuously anxious about prognoses, and tend to feel guilty for their child's disease. Thus, healthcare providers need to develop a program for improving the ability of parents of cancer patients to demonstrate empathy, focusing on how to recognize and manage what may be perceived by their children as excessive or cold emotional reactions, and must take a role in communicating to parents how adolescents with leukemia perceive parental rearing behaviors and the impacts of these behaviors on their well-being.

The psychometric properties of the Hungarian Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire

ABSTRACT Parental reflective functioning refers to the ability of parents to understand their child as motivated by internal mental experiences such as thoughts and feelings. This study aimed to examine the factor structure of the Hungarian version of the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ) and to assess its relationships with general reflective functioning (Certainty and Uncertainty), attachment dimensions (Confidence, Relationships as secondary, The need for approval, Discomfort with closeness, Preoccupation with relationships) and the perception of the child (Warmth and Invasiveness) among mothers of children up to five years of age. Two hundred sixty-three mothers completed the PRFQ and The Reflective Functioning Questionnaire, of which 201 mothers also completed the Mothers’ Object Relations Scale and The Attachment Style Questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the three-factor solution. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for Certainty about Mental States and Interest and Curiosity subscales were excellent, while it was lower for Pre-Mentalizing.

Risk and protective factors for African American kinship caregiving: A scoping review

BackgroundAfrican American children are disproportionately placed in kinship care, specifically with kin caregivers who have pressing service needs given their relatively poor physical and mental health, and low economic status. Kinship caregivers often face challenges, however, they also show resilience when raising relative children. Although the literature has examined risk and protective factors that affect kinship caregiving, no scoping review has been conducted to summarize these factors as they relate to African American kinship caregivers. ObjectivesThis study aims to summarize the risk and protective factors that affect African American kinship caregiving. MethodsTwenty-six studies were identified from this scoping review. A data template was used to extract information on data/sample, research methods, and risk and protective factors. ResultsThis review found that the risk and protective factors in the identified studies can be summarized into four types: child, caregiver, relationship, and legal, cultural or social issues. Caregiver factors were examined from the perspective of physical and behavioral health, parenting, and resources. The most common risk factors were caregivers’ low social economic status or great financial need, and caregivers’ physical health. The most common protective factor was caregivers’ spirituality or religion. DiscussionThis review helps to better understand the risk and protective factors for African American kinship caregivers. Policies should be informed by African American kinship caregivers’ unique qualities to provide useful cultural solutions. Evidence based interventions should be developed and provided to African American kinship caregivers to improve their parenting abilities and to provide them with additional resources and supports. Implications for child welfare research are also presented.

Honesty and Empathy Character-building Training for Children Under Care of Foster Parents

SOS Childrens Villages is a non-profit, non-governmental social organization that actively supports childrens rights, namely a loving family and home. In this case, SOS Childrens Villages is committed to providing shelter and care for children who have or are at risk of losing their parental care. To increase the ability of foster parents, it is necessary to provide further training on improving parenting skills about honesty and empathy to foster parents through roleplay and case examples. A focused group discussion was conducted to collect the data from 12 foster parents. The results of this training were effective where foster parents have succeeded in increasing their knowledge and skills in applying the values of honesty and empathy. The suggestion in this study is that it can be held offline so it will be easier for parents to understand the material. For the next collaboration, the training will be discussed in more depth what underlies the honesty or openness of children and empathy for children.
 Keywords: honesty, empathy, children, SOS children village

The Relationship between Parental Characteristics and Social Interaction Skills of Autistic Children in SLB Sragen Region

Autism is a disorder that occurs in brain tissue where the condition is a developmental disorder characterized by the inability to carry out social interactions, inability to communicate and repetitive behavior. This causes an autistic child to prefer to be alone and unable to communicate with other people well. Parental involvement in parenting significantly increases the developmental progress of children with autism, including allocating time for joint activities, frequent interaction, financial assistance, active parenting, and being involved in playing with children. Thus, the role of parents is very much needed. to provide care in the development of autistic children. This research aims to determine the relationship between parental characteristics and social interaction abilities for Autistic Children in SLB in the Sargen area. This research used a cross sectional method involving 60 parents who had autistic children at the Sragen Regency Special School which was conducted in September 2023. Social interaction data was measured using ATEC (Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist). The data analysis used is the data normality test and continued with the Chisquare test to determine the relationship between variables. There is a weak relationship between age, parental education, employment and family income with the social interaction abilities of autistic children in the Sragen Regional Special School. (p 0.04 phi = 0.34, p 0.015 phi 0.282, p 0.007 phi -0.268, p 0.01 phi 0.336). Several parental characteristics have a relationship with the social interaction abilities of autistic children, although the categories are weak.

Analysis of the Causes and Countermeasures of the Involution of Family Education in China

The involution of family education is a significant issue in China’s current basic education and has brought certain heavy burdens and negative impacts to both parents and students. Using the desk research method, this paper describes the manifestations of family capital embeddedness in the process of family education involution, analyzes its causes, and explores countermeasures to address it. The study suggests changing traditional social concepts and regulating the governance of out-of-school educational institutions, balancing the allocation of educational resources among schools, reforming the evaluation mechanism of school education, and enhancing parental cognitive levels and abilities to make rational decisions about education.