Parent-child Communication Research Articles

Parent-child communication factors and the learning domains of the senior high school students in Divine Word College of San Jose

Parent-child communication factors and the learning domains of the senior high school students in Divine Word College of San Jose

Different parenting styles and rural Children’s mental Health: The mediational role of mental resilience

The baseline data from the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) 2014–2015 was employed to construct linear regression models and structural equation models, which were used to investigate the effects of different parenting styles on the mental health of rural left-behind children. The study found that parenting behaviors and parenting attitudes in two different modes, intergenerational parenting and parental parenting, both have an impact on the mental health of rural left-behind children, with no significant difference between the two. Nevertheless, the quality of the relationship between children and their mothers has a considerable impact on their mental health. Secondly, parenting behavior exerts a direct and indirect influence on the mental health mechanism of these children, the direct effect is considerably more pronounced than the indirect effect; the impact of parenting attitudes on the mental health of left-behind children is contingent upon the mediating variable of mental resilience. In order to mitigate the adverse effects of parental absence on the mental health of left-behind children, it is imperative that families enhance their parenting attitudes, reinforce parent–child communication, and cultivate a nurturing family environment. Schools must implement human-centered education, enhance the professionalism of teachers, and extend greater care and support to left-behind children. Furthermore, the state and the government must prioritize the development of the rural economy and strive to narrow the urban–rural disparity.

Cross-condition risk and protective factors for psychosocial distress in parents and carers of children and young people with appearance-affecting conditions and injuries

Alongside typical parenting challenges, initial condition-specific research suggests thadifferent experiences and support needs.t parents of children with different visible differences may experience similar psychosocial difficulties. Despite this, large-scale cross-condition research to identify risk and protective factors for parental distress and psychosocial adjustment has been lacking. Two hundred and nine parents and carers of children with a range of visible differences completed an online survey comprised of standardised outcome measures, study-specific measures, and open-ended questions. Multiple regression modelling identified possible risk and protective factors, and data collected via open-ended questions were analysed using content analysis. Findings support themes previously identified in small-scale cross-condition qualitative research with parents of children with visible differences. Risk factors for parental negative affect and stress included parental reports of the noticeability of their child’s visible difference and teasing. Protective factors included good parent-child communication, self-compassion, knowledge of their child’s condition and satisfaction with treatment. The risk and protective factors identified provide important insight into the experiences of this parent population and indicate possible avenues for psychosocial intervention.

Family Functioning and Unmet Mental Health Needs among School-Aged Youth

Background: Unmet mental health needs can lead to worsening outcomes in youth. Given that youth depend on family for access to mental health services, and positive family functioning is associated with improved health outcomes, understanding the association between family-level factors and youth’s unmet mental health needs is essential to inform inclusive solutions. Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between family functioning (parental aggravation, parent-child communication, family resilience) and unmet mental health needs among school-aged youth. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of the combined 2019-2020 National Survey on Children’s Health (NSDH) dataset was performed (n=9,204). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the association between unmet mental health needs (primary outcome) and family functioning using three explanatory variables, parental aggravation, parent-child communication, and family resilience. We also examined age-related differences in these associations between children aged 6-11 and adolescents aged 12-17. Results: The weighted proportion of youth with reported unmet mental health needs was 18%. Weighted unadjusted analyses showed that low family resilience was associated with 60% higher odds of unmet mental health needs, while parental aggravation and poor parentchild communication were not associated with unmet mental health needs. After adjusting for potential confounders, low family resilience was associated with 50% higher odds of unmet mental health needs among school-aged youth (AOR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.15-2.07). Being Black (AOR=2.28, 95% CI: 1.41-3.69), younger (AOR=0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.99), lacking consistent health insurance (AOR=2.64, 95% CI: 1.59-4.38), and having a mother with poor maternal health (AOR=1.82, 95% CI: 1.36-2.46), were also associated with unmet mental health needs. Among children aged 6-11 years, low family resilience, being Black, lacking consistent insurance, and having a mother with poor maternal health were associated with unmet mental health needs (all p’s<0.05). Similarly, among adolescents aged 12-17 years, low family resilience, being Black, lacking consistent insurance, and having a mother with poor maternal health were associated with unmet mental health needs (all p<0.05). Having a parent with a college education was associated with lower odds of unmet mental health needs among children (6-11 years), but not adolescents (12-17 years). Conclusion: Our findings have suggested an association between low family resilience and unmet mental health needs among school-aged youth. Since families are an integral part of meeting youth’s needs, applying approaches to addressing unmet mental health needs that consider family resilience and parental well-being is imperative. Identifying and addressing factors contributing to unmet health needs barriers may help address existing racial disparities.

Unlocking Joy: Investigating the Impact of Parent-Child Communication on Happiness among Gen Z Filipinos

Generation Z, brought up in the era of pervasive technology and often labeled the “social media generation,” confronts elevated risks of depression, anxiety, and tragically, suicide (Abror et al., 2020). This study aimed to investigate the influence of parent-child communication on the happiness levels of Filipino individuals belonging to Generation Z, employing a sequential explanatory mixed-method approach. The quantitative phase involved 109 Filipino Gen Z participants, with an average age of 20 years old. Subsequently, in the qualitative phase, six Gen Z participants and their parents engaged in answering qualitative inquiries. Regression analysis revealed a significant association between parent-child communication and happiness levels. Additionally, qualitative findings highlighted the role of effective parent-child communication in nurturing positive development and enhancing overall happiness among youth. Importantly, the research emphasized the necessity for parents to gain deeper insights into the psychosocial challenges encountered by Generation Z, while also underscoring the youth’s preference for open, non-judgmental conversations with their parents. These insights prompt considerations regarding the most effective parenting styles within the Filipino context for fostering the well-being of Generation Z. The implications extend to counseling and psychological intervention practices, advocating for interventions that foster constructive communication between parent and child.

학교 부적응 청소년이 인식한 부모-자녀 의사소통에 관한 주관성 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out the types and characteristics of subjective perceptions of parent-child communication experiences perceived by school maladjusted adolescents using the Q methodology. Methods For this purpose, a Q population was formed through prior research and interviews, and 33 Q samples were confirmed. And for purposive sampling, a P sample was selected from 30 middle and high school students who were being educated at an entrusted educational institution due to school maladaptive behavior, and principal component factor analysis was conducted using the classification process of the Q sample and the PC-QUANL program. Results As a result of the study, by applying Satir's communication model, the characteristics of each type were classified into four types : Type 1 is ‘congruent type’, Type 2 is ‘blaming type’, Type 3 is ‘placating type’, and Type 4 is ‘super-reasonable type’. The characteristics could be examined from the perspective of maladjusted youth. Conclusions This study examined the types and characteristics of subjective perception from the perspective of children on the subject of parent-child communication through the Q methodology. If research subjects(parent's perspective, etc.) and research area(school, friends, etc.) are expanded in the future, and related research results are integrated and subdivided by type, it is expected to serve as basic data for solving practical problems of adolescents' school maladjustment and dysfunctional communication.

유아사회정서발달 지원교육에 참여한 아버지의 경험과 변화

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the experience and transformation of fathers who participated in education for children's socio-emotional development. For this research, six fathers were selected as research participants, and they went through 7 weeks of education in children’s socio-emotional developmental support, including group interviews. During the study, recordings of videos, transcripts, self-reflections, and interviews of the participants from the education were collected and analyzed. The results have shown that through the education, the participants were able to ‘recognize and understand their ignorance and indifference’, ‘practice and role-play to apply the knowledge in real-life situations’ and ‘experience how father-child play serves as a channel for the children's social and emotional development’ and ‘exchange sympathy and fellowship between fathers’. In addition, the interviews and reflections have shown that the participants have transformed into fathers who try to ‘comprehend and understand their children’, are ‘not embarrassed to express praise and encouragement’, are ‘not afraid to spend time with their children’ and ‘enjoy co-parenting’. As a result, the analyses of the study have shown that the education for children's socio-emotional development support for fathers has not only helped the children's socio-emotional development but has also improved child-parent communication and relationship, furthermore, resulting in positive improvements in marital relationships through encouraging and motivating equal sacrifice to achieve actively joint parenting.

Komunikasi Antarpribadi Orang Tua-Anak Dalam Mengurangi Prilaku Seksual Sebelum Menikah Pada Remaja Hindu

College student who are late teens aged 18-19 years, have sexual development and phases that make them inclined to enter into a heterosexual relationship or relationship such as dating. During this period of dating they have a tendency to engage in sexual behavior, this is a negative thing in Hinduism which prohibits interpersonal communication. Interpersonal communication has the potential to carry out an instrumental function as a tool to influence or persuade others. Parent-adolescent interpersonal communication is a form of parenting process that has an important influence on the formation of adolescents' attitudes regarding sexual relations before marriage. So in this study it is hypothesized that stronger and closer parent-child interpersonal communication can reduce sexual behavior before marriage among Hindu teenagers. This research aims to find the influence of interpersonal communication on sexual behavior before marriage in Hindu teenagers. Quantitative methods were used in this research, collecting data by distributing questionnaires to 53 Hindu teenagers at Bumigora University. The results of this study state that interpersonal communication has a significant negative effect on the attitudes of Hindu teenagers in having sexual relations before marriage. This means that the better the interpersonal communication between Hindu teenagers and their parents, the lower their sexual behavior before marriage.

Parental verbal communication and modeling behavior during mealtimes shape offspring eating behavior – A systematic review with a focus on clinical implications for eating disorders

ObjectiveThe aim of this review is to provide an overview of parental communication patterns during mealtimes, with a special emphasis being placed on the differences between families with and without a history of eating disorders. MethodsThe systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. A systematic literature search was carried out in PubMed, PubPsych and PsycINFO and the results were assessed for eligibility by two independent raters using the PICOS criteria. Only studies that included a mealtime observation were considered suitable for analysis of both explicit and implicit parental communication. ResultsThe results of the review suggest that mothers communicate more, with more complexity, and with a greater variety of words with their children during mealtimes compared to fathers. The intention and type of communication is diverse and heterogeneous. In general, parents often tried to encourage their children to eat. Verbal modeling and co-eating appeared to be common behaviors. Mothers with a history of eating disorders expressed more negative emotions during eating than mothers without eating disorders. Findings regarding the use of positive comments and controlling speech are contradicting. DiscussionThe review outlines major fields of parent-child communication and modeling behavior around family meals which might be relevant to investigate and integrate into models of intergenerational transmission of eating behavior and disordered eating.

The Impact of Parental Autonomy Support on Family Adaptation in the Context of "Double Reduction": The Mediating Role of Parent-Child Communication and Cohesion.

The implementation of the "Double Reduction" policy indicates a significant change in the way households operate, such as through parental education conception and parenting form, in which family adaptation needs particular attention. Parental autonomy support has been evidenced to be related to family adaptation in prior studies. However, the mechanism underlying the relationship between parental autonomy support and family adaptation in the context of "Double Reduction" are not clear enough but remain fascinating. This study aims to explore the process through which parental autonomy support affects the whole family's adaptation in the context of "Double Reduction" from the perspectives of parent-child behavior and emotions (i.e., parent-child communication and parent-child cohesion). A cross-sectional design based on the questionnaire method was used to collect the characteristics of 4239 adolescent parents (1493 fathers and 3427 mothers; Mage = 43.20, SDage = 22.39) one year after the implementation of the "Double Reduction" policy. In addition, this study also used the retrospective method to obtain the characteristics of parental autonomy support before the "Double Reduction" policy. In the context of "Double Reduction", the research results found that parental autonomy support can predict family adaptation; parental autonomy support can also influence the whole family's adaptation through the quality of parent-child interaction. This study reveals the impact mechanism of parental autonomy support on family adaptation under the background of "Double Reduction" in China and provides insights on how to improve the adaptation of the entire family from the perspective of parent-child interaction.

Some psychometric properties of the school refusal assessment scale–revised: Parent and child version in Tanzanian context

Considering the increase in primary and secondary school dropout rates worldwide, it is necessary to identify the underlying causes, particularly in places with high school refusal rates, such as Tanzania. Today, only a limited number of studies can explain, through valid and reliable measurements, why students in Tanzania refuse to attend school. The current study used confirmatory factor analysis techniques to investigate some psychometric properties of the child’s and parent’s versions of the School Refusal Assessment Scale–Revised (SRAS–R) in the Tanzanian population. Since previous studies found significant associations between the parent–child relationship and the risk of school refusal, we included the associations between the SRAS–R scales and measures of psychological control (parent ratings) and parent–child communication (child ratings) as external validity criteria. We collected data from five public primary schools, including 502 grades three to seven children with their parents (N = 465) in Ruvuma, Tanzania. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the four–factor model (avoidance of stimuli provoking negative affectivity, escape from aversive social situations, attention seeking, and tangible rewards) showed a good fit for both the parent and child versions of the SRAS–R. In line with expectations, we found a negative association between parent–child communication and school refusal and positive associations between the parent version of the SRAS–R subscales and the psychological control scale. The findings of this study support the use of this measurement in an African context and Tanzania specifically. The discussion stresses the appropriateness of Western cultural instruments in the African context.

Early parent-child intervention with Dialogic Book-Sharing: effects on child communicative and socio-emotional development and on parenting. Study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial in Italy

BackgroundResearch in the neurosciences has highlighted the importance of intersubjective relationships in promoting neuromental development of the child. Children’s learning in early childhood occurs mainly in a dyadic context of an interaction with their parents: from this perspective, good dialogic parent–child communication is required to be promoted also through good educational practices. Dialogic Book-Sharing (DBS), a dialogic form of parent–child communication through the use of wordless picture books, provides a privileged ‘intersubjective’ space and is highly effective in promoting communication, language, attention, behavioural development and the parent–child relationship. DBS programme, successfully previously trialled in South Africa and the UK, will be applied for the first time in Italy for research purposes in Italian health, educational and maternal-child centres.MethodsA multicentre randomised controlled trial is being conducted to evaluate DBS parenting intervention for children aged between 14 and 20 months. Parent–child dyads are randomly allocated to a book-sharing intervention group or to a wait-list control group. In the intervention, parents are trained in supportive book-sharing with their children by local staff of the centres. DBS intervention is carried out in small groups over a period of 4 weeks. Data are collected at baseline, post-intervention and at 6 months post-intervention with a questionnaire and video recording of parent–child interaction.DiscussionDBS programme in early childhood could enhance the educational resources offered by Italian health, educational and maternal-child centres, in support of child’s development and parenting. DBS represents a strategic opportunity for bringing about positive effects, also in terms of prevention of socio-emotional and cognitive difficulties. As such it represents a promising response to the new social, health and educational needs of the post-COVID-19 pandemic era caused by the social isolation measures. Furthermore, the application of the DBS methodology is a way to promote the use of books, and thereby counteract the excessive use of technological devices already present in early childhood.Trial registrationThe trial is registered on the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number database, registration number ISRCTN11755019 Registered on 2 November 2023. This is version 1 of the protocol for the trial.

Parental Migration and the Social and Mental Well-Being Challenges among Indonesian Left-Behind Children: A Qualitative Study.

Parental labour migration, of either one or both parents, has been associated with various challenges among left-behind children (LBC). However, there is a limited understanding of the LBC's own views and experiences of social and mental well-being and how the new daily life circumstances they encounter following their parents' migration impact them. This study aimed to understand the influence of parental migration and its aftermath on the social and mental well-being of adolescents (referred to as LBC) in two rural districts in Indonesia. Employing a qualitative design, data were collected through individual in-depth interviews with LBC (n = 24) aged 14 to 18 years, recruited using the snowball sampling technique. Data were thematically analysed, guided by a qualitative data analysis framework. The findings showed that parental migration negatively impacted the social well-being of LBC. This impact was reflected in negative labelling from friends and changes in familial roles which influenced their social interactions and activities with peers. Parental migration was also associated with challenges to the mental well-being of LBC. These manifested in the LBC experiencing fractured emotional bonds, leading to negative emotions, including stress, anxiety, sadness, depression, frustration, loss of motivation, and self-imposed isolation, which were associated with their parents' migration and abrupt disruptions in parent-child communication. The transition to new life situations with caregivers after parental migration and the dynamics within the caregivers' households were additional factors that detrimentally affected their mental well-being. Unmet basic needs and educational needs due to financial hardships faced by mothers and caregivers further exacerbated mental health challenges for the children. The findings indicate the importance and improvement of policies and interventions in Indonesia (e.g., counselling services, non-cash food assistance, family hope program, direct cash assistance) that cover and address the diverse needs of mothers or caregivers and the LBC.

"Speak from a place of love": The family dynamics surrounding Black father-daughter sexual health communication.

Parent-child sexual health communication reduces sexual risk behaviors among youth, which in turn lowers the transmission rate of HIV and sexually transmitted infections. Despite being a known protective factor, gender differences persist with mothers being more likely to discuss sexual health with their children than fathers. Although individual characteristics, interpersonal familial factors and societal norms (e.g., communication self-efficacy, parent-child closeness, and cultural and gender norms) are associated with Black parents'likelihood to communicate about sex with their children, the current study seeks to explore which of these factors found among Black mother-child or father-son dyads extend to Black father-daughter dyads and how this phenomenon (i.e., Black father-daughter sexual health communication) relates to family structure. Seven father-daughter dyads (N = 7) and an additional five daughters (n = 5) in the United States completed individual in-depth semi-structured interviews. Daughters (Mage = 20.3) and fathers (Mage = 56.7) were biologically related, majority heterosexual, close, and lived together. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. Analysis revealed three themes centering around the role of authoritative parenting, the tactics and skills facilitating sexual health communication, and family structure. Black father-daughter sexual health communication is facilitated by close father-daughter relationships, non-authoritative parenting styles, and open, supportive, and non-judgmental communication. Fathers can be better supported in knowing how and when best to communicate sexual health messages, and to mitigate the possibly negative impacts on communication of divorce or having multiple children.

Distance education and parents’ mental health: the role of resilience, parent-child communication and relationships

According to a UNESCO survey, 173 countries had closed schools and other educational facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. As online distance learning became a new normal in disruptive times, researchers began to examine its psychological impact on parents and children. Drawing on Buzzanell’s (2010, 2018) communication theory of resilience, this study examined the relationships between Chinese parents’ resilience, their attitudes toward distance learning, parent-child communication and relationship, and psychological wellbeing. Participants were 101 Chinese parents who had children that did distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings showed that parents’ resilience and attitudes toward distance learning had a positive, indirect effect on their psychological wellbeing through the mediation of parent-child communication and relationships. The study provides empirical support for the CTR theory as a fruitful lens for explaining family communication patterns and relationships, as well as psychological wellbeing during disruptive times. The study yielded important practical insights into how individuals can cope with the negative impact brought forth by unexpected and destructive events.

Parents' Experiences of Communicating With Children About Their Diagnosis of Nonterminal Cancer and Its Related Issues: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies.

Many children experience serious symptoms when they are diagnosed with and treated for cancer. Through appropriate parent-child communication, parents were able to identify children's physical and psychological problems, adjust their behavior, and help them cope with the disease. This study aimed to systematically search for and integrate evidence from qualitative studies on communication between parents and children with nonterminal cancer from parents' perspectives. A thorough systematic review and metasynthesis of qualitative studies were conducted. Articles were searched from PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PsycArticles from the database inception to November 6, 2022. After screening and quality appraisal, 14 articles were finally included in the metasynthesis. Three themes and 11 subthemes were identified: (1) communication content, including diagnosis, treatment, health management, health risk, and emotion; (2) factors influencing communication, including ages of children, parents' experience of communication, parents' awareness of protection, and culture; and (3) children's responses, including acceptance and resistance. This systematic review found that parents were influenced by various factors during the decision-making process of parent-child communication about childhood cancer and its related issues. Parents tended to adjust their communication content and style to protect their children. Future research should be conducted to explore children's experiences of communicating with their parents and analyze the similarities and differences between the communication needs of parents and children. Healthcare professionals should provide professional communication guidance to facilitate the parent-child relationship and improve the mental health of both children and their parents.

"Alcohol will never run out": Socio-ecological drivers of adolescent boys' alcohol use in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania.

Heavy alcohol use amongst adolescent boys is a major public health concern in many countries. It is associated with a range of negative physical and mental health outcomes and predicts alcohol-related problems in adulthood. In Kilimanjaro Region, adolescent boys' alcohol use is widespread, and higher than other regions in Tanzania. An understanding of causal and contextual factors that influence the use of alcohol is needed to inform the development and implementation of effective alcohol prevention interventions. This study aimed to explore these socio-ecological factors in-depth amongst adolescent boys, young men and key stakeholders in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. Between August 2022 and June 2023, multi-method, participatory, qualitative methods including: ethnographic observations (8 weeks), 37 in-depth interviews, 14 focus group discussions and participatory adolescent activities were used to elicit perceptions on factors driving adolescent boys' alcohol use in two (rural/urban) settings. Data were triangulated and deductively analysed, guided by Bronfenbrenner's socio-ecological framework. This study found many dynamic and inter-related factors linked to alcohol use within adolescents' social, cultural, economic, regulatory, and physical environments. In a context of widespread availability of alcohol, low enforcement of alcohol regulation and (mis)conceptions around the benefits of alcohol use (e.g. curative and/or nutritional properties), parental and cultural influences largely determined the initiation of use in childhood and younger adolescence; employment status, peers, lack of alternative recreational activity and social norms around independence appeared to drive continued and increased use in older adolescence. Factors and their impact varied between rural and urban settings. In conclusion, a wide range of determinants and drivers of alcohol use among ABYM work at multiple socio-ecological levels especially parental, cultural and socioeconomic factors. This suggests that effective prevention requires a systems approach intervening across these levels. For example, incorporating education/awareness raising, increased law enforcement, parent-child communication and problem-solving, and income generation activities.

We got this: Evaluating racial socialization competency among diverse ethnic-racial groups.

Historically, research on racial socialization (RS) has centered on frequency, beliefs, and content of parent-child communications, with varied applications and implications across racial and ethnic subgroups. The Racial Socialization Competency Scale (RaSCS; Anderson et al., 2020) was developed to assess three dimensions of a novel construct, RS competency (confidence, skills, stress), among Black caregivers. In this article, we investigated the psychometric properties of the RaSCS across diverse ethnic-racial groups. Participants were 778 caregivers (Mage = 44.4 years) of youth between the ages of 10 and 18 recruited from across the United States. The sample was intentionally racially and ethnically diverse, with 26.1% identifying as Black, 24.2% identifying as Latinx, 24.9% identifying as Asian American, and 24.8% identifying as White. Confirmatory factor analyses replicated the previously identified structure of the RaSCS subscales, and scores were reliable. Multigroup measurement invariance analyses supported full scalar invariance across the four racial/ethnic subgroups for the Confidence, Skills, and General RS Stress subscales and partial scalar invariance for the Call to Action RS Stress subscale. These findings suggest that the RaSCS is an appropriate tool for assessing RS competency across racial and ethnic groups and that RS competency as a universal construct is relevant across groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The Mediating Roles of Self-Concept and Self-Efficacy in the Relationship between Parent-Child Communication Quality and Career Development among Taiwanese University Students

The Mediating Roles of Self-Concept and Self-Efficacy in the Relationship between Parent-Child Communication Quality and Career Development among Taiwanese University Students

Systematic Review of the Relationship Between Parent-child Communication and Smartphone Overdependence among Adolescents

Systematic Review of the Relationship Between Parent-child Communication and Smartphone Overdependence among Adolescents