Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire Research Articles

The PedsQL™ Oral Health Scale: feasibility, reliability and validity of the Brazilian Portuguese version.

BackgroundOral and orofacial problems may cause a profound impact on children’s oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) because of symptoms associated with these conditions that may influence the physical, psychological and social aspects of their daily life. The OHRQoL questionnaires found in the literature are very specific and are not able to measure the impact of oral health on general health domains. Consequently, the objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version for Brazilian translation of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) Oral Health Scale in combination with the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales.MethodsThe PedsQL™ Oral Health Scale was forward-backward translated and cross-culturally adapted for the Brazilian Portuguese language. In order to assess the feasibility, reliability and validity of the Brazilian version of the instrument, a study was carried out in Belo Horizonte with 208 children and adolescents between 2 and 18 years-of-age and their parents. Clinical evaluation of dental caries, socioeconomic information and the Brazilian versions of the PedsQL™ Oral Health Scale, PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales, Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14 and CPQ8-10) and Parental-Caregiver Perception Questionnaire (P-CPQ) were administered. Statistical analysis included feasibility (missing values), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal consistency reliability, and test-retest intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of the PedsQL™ Oral Health Scale.ResultsThere were no missing data for both child self-report and parent proxy-report on the Brazilian version of the PedsQL™ Oral Health Scale. The CFA showed that the five items of child self-report and parent proxy-report loaded on a single construct. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for child/adolescent and parent oral health instruments were 0.65 and 0.59, respectively. The test-retest reliability (ICC) for child self-report and parent proxy-report were 0.90 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.86-0.93] and 0.86 (95%CI = 0.81-0.90), respectively. The PedsQL™ Oral Health Scale demonstrated acceptable construct validity, convergent validity and discriminant validity.ConclusionsThese results supported the feasibility, reliability and validity of the Brazilian version of the PedsQL™ Oral Health Scale for child self-report for ages 5–18 years-old and parent proxy-report for ages 2–18 years-old children.

Initial assessment of responsiveness of the P‐CPQ (Brazilian Version) to describe the changes in quality of life after treatment for traumatic dental injury

This study aimed to assess the responsiveness of the Brazilian version of the Parental-Caregiver Perception Questionnaire (B-P-CPQ) to describe changes in quality of life (QoL) after treatment for traumatic dental injury (TDI). After eligibility criteria were applied, 42 of 255 patients who went to a dental trauma center for TDI treatment were included. QoL was evaluated in two different appointments: A1 (after TDI) and A2 (after TDI treatment). The B-P-CPQ scores were calculated using the additive method. Psychometric properties like internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha), test-retest reliability, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and construct validity (Spearman's correlations) were assessed, and, mainly, the responsiveness was analyzed by standardized response means (SRM). Mean B-P-CPQ scores were 30.05 (1.74 SD) and 2.67 (4.05 SD), while the median scores were 17.39 and 2.00 (P < 0.01), respectively in A1 and A2. Cronbach's Alpha was 0.87 in A1 and 0.66 in A2. ICC was 0.90. B-P-CPQ scores were correlated with overall well-being (P < 0.01; rho: 0.71). The B-P-CPQ responsiveness scores declined 27.38 points, and a perfect SRM of 1.76 was achieved. The B-P-CPQ scores indicated changes in QoL following TDI. The change was observed as an impact decrease after TDI treatment, demonstrating positive reduction and improvement on QoL. The responsiveness of the P-CPQ (Brazilian version) in detecting change on QoL after TDI treatment was confirmed by SRM assessment. The findings represent an evidence of the importance of professional care and treatment of TDI.

Changes in young children’s OHRQoL after dental treatment under general anaesthesia

To use the Parental-Caregivers Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ) and Family Impact Scale (FIS) to determine whether dental treatment of young Auckland children under general anaesthesia (GA) improved oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) for them and their families. A pretest/post-test design, with a consecutive clinical sample of parents/caregivers of children (10 years or younger) treated under GA. More than half of the children were Māori or Pacific Islanders. Of the 157 children in the baseline sample, 144 (91.7%) were followed up. The overall P-CPQ score showed a large decrease following treatment, along with an increase in the number scoring 0 (no impact). Similar relative changes were observed in the oral symptoms and emotional well-being subscales, whereas the other two subscales showed moderate decreases. All post-treatment FIS scores were lower than pre-treatment ones; all showed moderate effect sizes. The greatest relative changes were seen in the parental/family activity and parental emotions subscales. The dental treatment of young children under GA is associated with considerable improvement in their OHRQoL. The P-CPQ and the FIS are valid and responsive to treatment-associated changes in young children with early childhood caries (ECC).

Measuring parental-caregiver perceptions of child oral health-related quality of life

The Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ) is an instrument that assesses a parent's or a caregiver's perceptions regarding the impact of children's oral health status on quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the P-CPQ. Following translation and cross-cultural adaptation, the P-CPQ was tested on 123 parents and caregivers of children between 11 and 14 years of age with dental caries and malocclusions. The parents/caregivers were recruited at dental clinics of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, where their children were receiving dental care. Psychometric properties were assessed through internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity and discriminant validity. The mean P-CPQ score was 13.01 (SD=12.14) for the dental caries group and 16.57 (SD=13.13) for the malocclusion group. Internal reliability was confirmed by a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.84. Test-retest reliability revealed satisfactory reproducibility (ICC=0.83). Construct validity was satisfactory, demonstrating significant correlations between global indicators and the total scale. The P-CPQ score was able to discriminate between different parental/caregiver perceptions of oral conditions in their children (dental caries and malocclusion). The results for the Brazilian version of the P-CPQ confirm that this questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument to assess parental perceptions on the impact that oral health status has on children's life quality.

Changes in parent‐assessed oral health‐related quality of life among young children following dental treatment under general anaesthetic

To estimate the nature and magnitude of changes in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among children having dental treatment under general anaesthetic (GA) and to examine the evaluative properties of the Child Oral Health-related Quality of Life Questionnaire (COHQOL). Data from a consecutive clinical sample of the parents/caregivers of children receiving dental treatment under GA at Wellington and Kenepuru Hospitals were collected from parents using the Parental-Caregivers Perception Questionnaire (P-CPQ) and the Family Impact Scale (FIS), which both form part of the COHQOL Questionnaire. The first questionnaire was completed before treatment or while the participant's child was undergoing treatment. The follow-up questionnaire was completed 1-4 weeks afterward. Treatment-associated changes in OHRQoL were determined by comparing baseline and follow-up data for the mean scores and the prevalence of impacts. The discriminative properties of the instrument were confirmed and then its evaluative properties were assessed (by examining its test-retest reliability, responsiveness and longitudinal construct validity). The minimally important difference was determined for the overall scale and subscales. Complete baseline and follow-up data were obtained for 202 and 130 participants, respectively (64.4% follow-up rate). The evaluative properties of the P-CPQ and FIS were acceptable. There were substantial and highly statistically significant reductions in mean P-CPQ and FIS scores after treatment, with effect sizes ranging from moderate to large, depending on the subscale being examined. The minimally important difference was shown by almost two-thirds of the children treated. The provision of dental treatment under GA for young children with severe dental caries experience is associated with substantial and highly significant improvements in both their OHRQoL and in the impact on their families. The P-CPQ and the FIS show promise as evaluative measures for use in dental health services research.

The impact of two different malocclusion traits on quality of life

The purpose of this prospective study was to assess the impact of two occlusal traits on the quality of life of children and their families. A total of 180 subjects, which included 90 consecutive patients (aged 13-15 years) and their parents, were recruited on the basis of predetermined criteria to the following groups: increased overjet, spaced dentition and control. Each subject and their parent underwent separate supervised completion of a Child or Parental-Caregiver Perception questionnaire, respectively, which are components of the Child Oral Health Quality of Life questionnaire. The three groups were shown not to demonstrate any differences in socio-demographic characteristics. Statistically significant differences were observed between children in the control group and their counterparts in the increased overjet (p = 0.002) and spaced dentition (p < 0.001) groups. However, no such difference was detected between children in the increased overjet and spaced dentition groups (p = 0.5). Parents of these children demonstrated similar statistical findings: p = 0.007, p = 0.003 and p = 0.9, respectively. Occlusal traits such as an increased overjet and a spaced dentition have a significant negative impact on both the children's and their families' quality of life.

The impact of malocclusion on quality of life

Objectives The purpose of this prospective study was to assess the impact of two occlusal traits on the quality of life of children and their families. Methods A total of 180 subjects, which included 90 consecutive patients (aged 13-15 years) and their parents, were recruited on the basis of predetermined criteria to the following groups: increased overjet, spaced dentition and control. Each subject and their parent underwent separate supervised completion of a Child or Parental-Caregiver Perception questionnaire, respectively, which are components of the Child Oral Health Quality of Life questionnaire. Results The three groups were shown not to demonstrate any differences in socio-demographic characteristics. Statistically significant differences were observed between children in the control group and their counterparts in the increased overjet (p = 0.002) and spaced dentition (p < 0.001) groups. However, no such difference was detected between children in the increased overjet and spaced dentition groups (p = 0.5). Parents of these children demonstrated similar statistical findings: p = 0.007, p = 0.003 and p = 0.9, respectively. Conclusions Occlusal traits such as an increased overjet and a spaced dentition have a significant negative impact on both the children's and their families' quality of life.