Parental Concern Research Articles

When global problems come home: Engagement with climate change within the intersecting affective spaces of parenting and activism

Emotional engagement with climate change has been identified as an important research agenda. Recent studies have suggested parental worry for children and future generations are motives for climate activism, highlighting both personal and social justice concerns. A global parent-led climate justice movement specifically articulating this has emerged, yet currently remains under-researched. At the same time, social movement research has tended to overlook the social embeddedness of activism. To address these gaps in knowledge, this study used a qualitative mix of diary entries and interviews of UK-based mothers and fathers to investigate the overlapping emotional spaces of climate activism and parenting. It found that a parental lens on climate, informed by dystopian imaginings and processes of responsibilisation amplified fear and risk-related feelings, but were managed by channelling energy into a diverse array of collective action spaces. This led to positive emotions of hope and solidarity which were fostered and circulated within close personal relationships. In addition, the study found times and spaces which put a strain on affective engagement, and on partner relationships. The paper discusses the lack of moral anger in this sample of climate activists compared to previous research, and calls for further enquiry into the movement's development of intergenerational justice grievances.

Anxiety-like behavior and anxiolytic treatment in the Rett syndrome natural history study

BackgroundRett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder most often related to a pathogenic variant in the X-linked MECP2 gene. Internalizing behaviors appear to be common, but standard methods of diagnosing anxiety are not readily applied in this population which typically has cognitive impairment and limited expressive language. This study aims to describe the frequency of anxiety-like behavior and anxiolytic treatments along with associated clinical features in individuals with RTT.MethodsParental reports and medication logs provided data from 1380 females with RTT participating in two iterations of the multicenter U.S. RTT Natural History Study (RNHS) from 2006 to 2019.ResultsMost participants with RTT (77.5%) had at least occasional anxious or nervous behavior. Anxiety was reported to be the most troublesome concern for 2.6%, and within the top 3 concerns for 10.0%, of participants in the second iteration. Parents directly reported treatment for anxious or nervous behavior in 16.6% of participants in the second iteration with most reporting good control of the behavior (71.6%). In the medication logs of both RNHS iterations, the indication of anxiety was listed for a similar number of participants (15% and 14.5%, respectively). Increased use of anxiolytics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) was related to more frequent anxiety-like behaviors (P < 0.001), older age (P < 0.001), and mild MECP2 variants (P = 0.002).ConclusionAnxiety-like behavior is frequent at all ages and is a significant parental concern in RTT. Older individuals and those with mild MECP2 variants are more likely to be treated with medications. Better diagnosis and treatment of anxiety in RTT should be a goal of both future studies and clinical care.Trial registrationNCT00299312 and NCT02738281

In-Person Schooling Amidst Children's COVID-19 Vaccination: Exploring Parental Perceptions Just after Omicron Variant Announcement.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spread fast globally and became the predominant variant in many countries. Resumption of public regular life activities, including in-person schooling, presented parents with new sources of worry. Thus, it is important to study parental worry about the Omicron variant, willingness to vaccinate their children, and knowledge about school-based COVID-19 precautionary measures. Methods: A national, cross-sectional, pilot-validated online questionnaire targeting parents in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) was distributed between 31 December 2021, and 7 January 2022. The survey included sociodemographic, COVID-19 infection data, parental and children vaccination status, attitudes towards booster vaccine, parents’ Omicron-related perceptions and worries, and attitude towards in-person schooling. Results: A total of 1340 participants completed the survey, most (65.3%) of whom were mothers. Of the parents, 96.3% either received two or three doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Only 32.1% of the parents were willing to vaccinate their young children (5–11 years of age). In relation to their children 12–18 years of age, 48% had already had them vaccinated, 31% were planning to vaccinate them, and 42.8% were willing to administer a booster dose. Only 16% were more worried about the Omicron variant compared to the Delta variant. Residents of western KSA were more worried about Omicron compared to Delta. Parents worried about the Omicron variant and male participants were significantly less aware of school-based COVID-19 precautionary measures. Parents with post-graduate degrees and those having more children were significantly more inclined to send their children to school even if COVID-19 outbreaks could occur in schools, while parents who were more worried about the Omicron variant and were more committed to infection prevention measures were significantly less inclined to do so. Conclusions: Overall, parents had lower worry levels about the Omicron variant compared to the Delta variant. They had a higher willingness to vaccinate their older children compared to the younger ones. In addition, our cohort of parents showed high willingness to send their children to schools and trusted the school-based preventative measures. These findings can inform policy makers when considering school related decisions during the current or future public health crises.

At Home and on the Brink: U.S. Parents' Mental Health during COVID-19.

Though the COVID-19 pandemic required significant changes and adaptations for most Americans, parents faced acute challenges as they had to navigate rapidly changing schooling and child care policies requiring their children to spend more time at home. This study examines the effects of COVID-19 school and workplace policies as well as environmental and economic characteristics on parental mental health, worry, hopelessness, and anxiety. Using data from four waves of the Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Survey and regression analysis, we explore associations between parents’ mental health, worry, hopelessness, and anxiety and school learning environment, child grade and learning disability, employment characteristics, and sociodemographic factors. We find that having a child attend a private school or school with above average instructional quality was associated with better mental health of parents. Hybrid schooling options offering both in-person and online learning was associated with poor parental mental health, as was working from home. Being female or experiencing job or income loss were associated with worse mental health while having older children, a bachelor’s degree, or high income were associated with better mental health. Results can help inform school and workplace family supports as well as opportunities to reduce mental health strains at home from various policy options.

Associations of Children's Close Reading Distance and Time Spent Indoors with Myopia, Based on Parental Questionnaire.

Purpose: To study the association of parents’ reports about their children’s near work and outdoor habits with myopia in their children. Methods: Data from a questionnaire study conducted in 1983 among Finnish schoolchildren were reanalyzed. Vision screening had been performed for all the schoolchildren (n = 4961) in the 1st, 5th, and 8th grades (7-, 11-, and 15-year-olds) in an area of Central Finland. The questionnaire, including information about myopia, was returned by 4305 (86.7%) participants. Items concerned parents’ estimates of their child’s habitual reading distance, time spent indoors as compared with age peers, daily near work, outdoors time, and parents’ myopia. The associations of myopia with these factors were studied. Results: Myopia prevalence in those with a habitual close reading distance vs. others was 14.3% vs. 2.1%, 28.7% vs. 13.1% and 45.8% vs. 24.7% for the 7-, 11- and 15-year-olds (p < 0.001 in all age-groups). Myopia prevalence in children reported by their parents as spending more time indoors than age peers was 10.9% vs. 2.8% (p < 0.001), 25.0% vs. 14.7% (p = 0.004) and 41.9% vs. 25.7% (p < 0.001) in the three age groups. Myopia prevalence among those reported as spending both more time indoors and reading at a close distance vs. others was 44.2% vs. 11.9% (Fisher’s exact t-test, p < 0.001). In the multiple logistic regression models, parental myopia almost doubled the risk of myopia in the 11- and 15-year-olds. ORs (95% CI) for myopia adjusted for parental myopia and sex were for close reading distance 7.381 (4.054–13.440), 2.382 (1.666–3.406), 2.237 (1.498–3.057), (p < 0.001), and for more time spent indoors, 3.692 (1.714–7.954), p = 0.001, 1.861 (1.157–2.992), p = 0.010), 1.700 (1.105–2.615), p = 0.016, in the three age groups. Conclusion: Children, especially 7-year-olds, reported by their parents as having a close reading distance and spending a lot of time indoors were associated with a higher risk for myopia.

Prevention of Unhealthy Weight, Disordered Eating, and Poor Body Image in Children. Perspectives From Norwegian Parents and Healthcare Professionals.

BackgroundChildhood obesity (ChO) and eating disorders are on the rise, with concerning effects on health. Early prevention is essential as interventions after problems arise are costly and with a low success rate. In Norway, prevention of ChO has been largely weight-centered, without desired effects. Confident Body, Confident Child (CBCC) is a universal program aimed at preventing ChO, disturbed eating, and body image problems through a health-centered intervention for parents of children between 2 and 6 years. The current study is part of a cultural adaptation and translation of CBCC into Norwegian.MethodsFocus groups with parents (n = 16) and professionals (n = 11) were held around healthy eating, activity, and body image, with an emphasis on possible barriers for prevention as well as approaches considered helpful. The interviews were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultsParents and professionals described parental stress connected to high standards, conflicting information, and parental comparison. A narrowing sense of normality around healthy living was described with little flexibility resulting in “all-or-nothing” thinking. Parents were anxious to say or do the wrong thing when regulating children's food intake and when faced with comments about appearance. Parents and professionals described parental concern around children not eating enough, and professionals described an increase in parents using food as regulation. Both parents and professionals expressed that having a child with overweight was tied to a sense of failure and shame. Interventions related to overweight seemed to increase stress and shame, further complicating follow-up. As an alternative, parents and professionals expressed a desire for interventions with normalizing information around “good-enough” parenting related to food and weight.DiscussionThe described fear of doing something wrong and lack of flexibility is interpreted within a stress-sensitive understanding, where stress and shame can influence parents toward mobilizing action or disengagement, presenting as dichotomous behaviors of “all-or-nothing”.ConclusionInterventions that can normalize parental concerns in a non-moralizing way may reduce stress and shame. CBCC addresses all the major concerns raised in this study, providing parents with evidence-based information they can implement into everyday life. The Norwegian cultural adaptation added extra emphasis on normalization and shame-reduction.

Hubungan Durasi Penggunaan Media Sosial dengan Gangguan Kualitas Tidur Remaja di SMP Negeri 1 Mengwi

The use of social media does have many advantages. But there are some bad effects that accompany it, one of which is sleep quality disturbances. A study shows that use of social media at night affects the quality of sleep worse, causing anxiety disorders, depression and self-esteem. Diagnosis of sleep disorders in adolescents is difficult because it is not often complained about by adolescents. In addition, when adolescents sleep disorders are no longer a concern for parents. In a study conducted by Haryono on junior high school students with 140 respondents, it was found that 63.6% experienced sleep disorders. This study aims to prove that there is a relationship between social media use and adolescent sleep quality disorders at SMP Negeri 1 Mengwi.&#x0D; This study used a cross sectional approach in which the independent and dependent variables were collected at one time and at the same time. The sample in this study amounted to 79 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.&#x0D; From the results of the Correlation analysis test, it got a p value &lt;0.05 with a correlation coefficient of 0.633 which indicates a strong positive relationship between the duration of social media use and the quality of sleep of the respondents.&#x0D; Based on the results of the research and discussion carried out, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the duration of social media use and sleep quality in adolescents at SMP Negeri 1 Mengwi.&#x0D; Keywords: Social media, sleep quality disturbance, adolescent sleep quality

A Review of Concepts of Etiology and Management of Myopia

This article reviews the literature concerning etiology of myopia. Myopic boom in this 21st century is of concern for parents of myopic children. The article reviews the literature regarding several modalities attempting to profile ocular findings in myopes. The prevalence of myopia remains higher in Asia and hence myopic studies have gained their importance in epidemiology. Younger age group with early onset of myopia are at a higher risk of complications associated myopic refractive error, as progression of the refractive error over time might result in high myopia and also cause retinal especially macular changes. Environment and genetics are known contributing factors to the increasing prevalence of myopia. Along with the evaluation of refractive error frequently it is also important to profile the ocular parameters associated in progression of myopia. The aim of this study is to explore the role of ocular biometers in myopia management.

Il sintomo febbre: l'interpretazione e la corretta gestione

In paediatric age, fever represents one of the main reasons for parental concern and the main cause of access to the emergency room. Against "fever phobia", it is essential that the paediatrician spends some time explaining to parents that fever is a defence mechanism against infection and that it should be treated rationally, with the objective of making the child feel better and not making them heal faster. Furthermore, it is useful to provide parents with indications on how to measure body temperature and advice on clinical signs to pay attention to, besides fever. Indeed, in addition to temperature, there are other parameters to evaluate in a febrile child, some clearly measurable, others for which it is necessary for the doctor to evaluate the child "face to face". It is on this issue that the main guidelines on the management of febrile children are based, whose objective is to help the paediatrician to identify those few children who have a severe disease and therefore deserve prompt treatment and investigations. The article shows current evidence on the role of fever, the most correct methods for its measurement, the reasonable use of drugs for the symptomatic control of fever and the approach to be followed in the management of fever in the child aged less than 5 years.

Experiences of teachers, educators, and school counselors about the sexual and reproductive health of educable intellectually disabled adolescent girls: a qualitative study

BackgroundAdolescents with intellectual disabilities are probably twice as many people without intellectual disabilities to be sexually abused by family members, caregivers, close relatives, and others in the community. Sex education and training are essential components of children's and teenagers' education and human rights, as well as a source of worry for parents and society. While the parents are thought to be the most accessible choice as sexual educators, they often do not fulfill this role. Therefore, professional teachers and trainers who have undergone sex education courses for mentally retarded adolescents are more reliable sources to provide the sexual information in terms of their educational role. This study aimed to determine the experiences of teachers, educators, and school counselor parents regarding the sexual and reproductive health of educable intellectually disabled adolescent girls.MethodsThis was a qualitative content analysis study. 35 participants were selected via purposive sampling with maximum variation, and data were collected through in-depth individual interviews, focus group discussions and field notes, and analyzed using the conventional qualitative content analysis method simultaneously.ResultsThree subcategories have emerged: “knowledge and professional experience of teachers, educators, and school counselors with how to educate and care for adolescent sexual health”, “proficiency of teachers, educators, and school counselors in guiding families in solving their child's sexual problems”, “attitude of teachers, educators, and school counselors towards sexual behaviors and sexual education of adolescents” which formed the main category of “teachers, educators, and school counselors’ inefficiency in maintaining ID adolescent girls’ sexual and reproductive health”.ConclusionsTeachers, educators, and school counselors encounter a variety of issues related to the sexual and reproductive health of intellectually impaired teenage females, as a consequence of the findings. As a result, efforts should be made to enhance knowledge and skill development, as well as the evolution of negative attitudes. Therefore, the teaching of sexual guidelines for teenagers with mental impairments should be included in the agenda of the country's educational policies. Teachers and educators should be taught by health experts via the holding of in-service training courses.

How parents express their worry in calls to a medical helpline: a mixed methods study

BackgroundTelephone triage is used globally in out-of-hours primary care, to prioritize who needs urgent assessment. Even though children rarely are severely ill, calls about sick children are among the most prevalent, mainly due to parental worry. Pediatric calls are considered challenging, as the call-handler must rely on parents’ second-hand information. We aimed to investigate if parents’ worry can be used as a predictor of severe illness, and if the content of the calls varies between different grades of worry.MethodsIn a convergent mixed methods study design we asked patients to rate their degree-of-worry before talking to a call-handler. We used quantitative data of degree-of-worry, triage- and patient outcome in pediatric calls (n = 2857), and the qualitative content from 54 calls with subsequent hospitalization ≥24 h.ResultsHigh degree-of-worry was associated with hospitalization ≥24 h (OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.53–7.21). Qualitative findings both confirmed and expanded knowledge of degree-of-worry. Worry was the predominant cause for contact overall, and was mainly triggered by loss-of-control. In calls with high degree-of-worry, the prevalence of loss-of-control was especially high, and the parents had additionally often contacted healthcare services recently. Parents with a foreign accent often rated their worry as high, and these callers were often ignored or interrupted. Calls with low degree-of-worry seemed to occur early during the disease.ConclusionHigh degree of parental worry was associated with severe illness. At the end of calls, call-handlers should ensure that the parent has regained control of the situation to reach increased reassurance and to prevent renewed unnecessary contact. Safety-netting is crucial, as many parents made contact early during the illness and deterioration may develop later. The scoring of parental degree-of-worry may be used as an indicator of potentially severe illness and can easily be implemented at out-of-hours call-centers globally.Trial registrationOriginal study registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02979457).

"We can't do without it": Parent and call-handler experiences of video triage of children at a medical helpline.

Pediatric out-of-hours calls are common, as parents worry and seek reassurance and shared responsibility. Nevertheless, most children assessed in this context are not seriously ill. Conventional telephone triage lacks visual cues and is further limited by third part communication in calls concerning children. We investigated implementation of video triage in two previous studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate 1) How video triage versus telephone triage in children was experienced by parents and call-handlers, and 2) call-handlers' evaluation of the video triage projects. We triangulated data from surveys and interviews in five sub-studies. Sub-study 1: Parents' experience of video triage reported in closed-ended questionnaire items using quantitative analysis; Sub-study 2: Parents' experience of video triage reported as questionnaire free-text using qualitative content analysis; Sub-study 3: Call-handlers' experience of video triage reported in closed-ended questionnaire items using quantitative analysis; and Sub-studies 4 and 5: Individual interviews of call-handlers' experience of 1) video triage using thematic analysis and 2) the video triage project using process evaluation. Most parents' comments regarding video triage were positive (n = 164, 83%). Video triage was perceived as reassuring and reducing the likelihood of misunderstandings and unnecessary hospital visits. Call-handlers experienced that video triage improved patient assessment and caller reassurance. Some call-handlers complained that the time allocated for study participation was inadequate and requested a more accessible video set-up. Both parents and call-handlers were significantly more satisfied and reassured after video triage than after telephone triage and suggested video triage as a permanent option. Video triage was appreciated by parents and call-handlers and was recommended as a permanent option. The call-handlers suggested that designated time for participation in the studies would have been desirable in this busy call-center. We recommend video triage as a contemporary solution in out-of-hours service.

Role of maternal emotion in child maltreatment risk during the COVID-19 pandemic.

PurposePreliminary research early in the COVID-19 pandemic suggested children appeared to be at increased risk for child maltreatment, particularly as parents struggled with mental health and economic strains. Such strains were likely to influence parental emotions about their children, affecting their parent-child interactions to contribute to elevated maltreatment risk. To identify the potential affective elements that may contribute to such increased maltreatment risk, the current study focused on whether maternal worry about children’s behavior specifically as well as maternal anger were related to increased risk for neglect or physical or psychological aggression six months into the pandemic.MethodThe racially diverse sample included 193 mothers who completed an online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic in late September-early October 2020.ResultsMothers’ reported increases in neglect and physical and psychological aggression during the pandemic were significantly related with established measures of maltreatment risk. Furthermore, path models indicated that maternal anger and worry about children’s behavior, as well as their interaction, were significantly related to indicators of physical aggression risk and neglect during the pandemic, but only maternal anger related to increased psychological aggression during the pandemic.ConclusionsMaternal worry and anger about children’s behavior may have exacerbated risk for maltreatment under the stressful conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings suggest affective reactions of both parental worry and anger focused on child behavior warrants greater empirical attention and consideration in intervention efforts both during the pandemic and potentially post-pandemic.

Minoritising a regional language in multilingual preschools in Dutch Limburg: Teachers’ and toddlers’ choices between Dutch and Limburgish

Aims and objectives: We discuss how children with various language backgrounds interact in preschool playgrounds in Limburg, the Netherlands. This paper addresses the question how power dynamics between Dutch and/or Limburgish, and other languages are enacted in, by, and through language choice in preschool settings, and to what extent this leads to social (in)equality. Approach: This paper incorporates data collected during ethnographic fieldwork and discusses literature about language socialisation, multilingualism, and language policy. Data and analysis: All data were collected at three preschools in Southern Limburg with over 30 children and more than five teachers. The data were analysed using various theoretical perspectives. Findings and conclusions: We conclude that the ways in which, when, how, and in which activities children and teachers select languages show a social order. This order renders Limburgish and other languages than Dutch unequal in the earliest educational setting that children encounter. No concrete language policy has been developed for children who speak other home languages than Dutch and/or Limburgish. Children discover quickly that using Dutch is more important than other languages in the preschool. Consequently, children, as individual agents, will start acting accordingly. Originality: Through its ethnographical approach, this paper offers a unique insight in the multilingual landscape including regional language use at preschools in Southern Limburg. This approach is based on actual, observed behaviour instead of reported behaviour or behaviour stipulated by language policies. Significance/implications: The initial stimulus for this research is societal: 60.8% of the Limburgish participants in a study reported to speak Limburgish, yet this amount is decreasing, and concerned parents and municipalities requested insights why their children prefer Dutch over Limburgish at home soon after attending preschool. This research aims to provide answers why this happens and how to ensure a more linguistically equal preschool.

Anger and Adolescence

Objective: The aim of this review is to discuss and evaluate the possible outcomes of methods and preventive interventions for adolescents to identify the feeling of anger and management. &#x0D; Methods: Research papers from 2000-2020 were searched in national and international databases (Pubmed, EBSCOHost, Science Direct, Ulakbim Turkish Medical Index, Turkish Medline). Turkish and English keywords were used:“adolesan, öfke, öfke yönetimi”; “adolescence, anger, anger management”.&#x0D; Results: Approximately 1.8 billions of individuals are in adolescence in the world and although the majority of these individuals are healthy; a significant percentage of them experience serious or mortal diseases and other issues. Major physical, psychological and social changes occur in adolescence. Individuals start seeking experiences and they encounter certain risks with these changes. Because of the emotional change adolescents go through, they have difficulties with effective communication and also managing anger. The individuals who are not capable of managing their anger often express their anger maladaptively and show violent behavior. The aggressive behavior arising from inability of managing anger present a great concern for parents, educators and mental health professionals, given its outcomes on mental health and well-being on adolescents. &#x0D; Conclusion: Identifying risks and creating interventions for preventing psychopathology and morbidity in adolescence is important. Adolescents as a risk group should be trained by nurses, who have an important place in the provision of health services, on the cause, expression and control of anger, anger, problem solving, communication skills, coping skills, and the information sources they can reach should be taught to adolescents.

414 Behaviors and Quality of Life in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders Undergoing Refractive Surgery

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The goal of this project is to characterize the adaptive and social behaviors of ametropic children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) undergoing refractive surgery due to spectacle intolerance. Eye-related quality of life and visual behaviors will also be measured. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This is an ongoing prospective cohort study of children with NDD who are spectacle-intolerant and undergoing refractive surgery at St. Louis Childrens Hospital starting July 2020. The method of refractive surgery (photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), phakic intraocular lens implantation (phIOL), and refractive lens exchange (RLx)) is chosen based on degree and type of refractive error, astigmatism, and characteristics of the cornea and anterior chamber. Behaviors are characterized using the Adaptive Behavioral Assessment System, 3rd edition (ABAS-3) and Social Responsiveness Scale, 2nd edition (SRS-2), completed by parents/caregivers. Eye-related quality of life is measured using the pediatric Eye Questionnaire (PedEyeQ). Visual behaviors are assessed with optokinetic nystagmus tracking. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In a preliminary sample of 9 patients, 4 have undergone PRK, 3 phIOL, and 2 are awaiting surgery. Pre-surgical SRS-2 scores had a median t-score of 70 (range 57 to 90), indicating a clinically significant deficiency in reciprocal social behaviors as this score is consistent with moderately severe ASD. Pre-surgical ABAS-3 scores had a median General Adaptive Composite (GAC) of 51 (range 48 to 74.5). This corresponds to a percentile of 0.100 (range &lt;0.1 to 19th percentile for age). As rated by the Parental PedEyeQ, the domains most affected were “Parent Worry About Childs Eye Condition” (median 42.0, range 15.0 to 80.0) and “Parent Worry About Functional Vision” (median 18.8, range 3.2 to 68.7), where 0 represents the worst quality of life or functional vision and 100 the best. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Prior research has shown that refractive surgery can improve observed visual awareness, attentiveness, or social interactions in children with NDD. This is the first study to characterize the baseline adaptive/social behaviors and quality of life using validated surveys, with the goal of subsequently identifying patients most likely to benefit.

Maternal and paternal worry, anxious rearing behaviors, and child anxiety during the preschool years.

Despite recent studies on parents' worries and children's anxiety, little is known about the mechanisms linking parental worry to childhood anxiety. In a nonclinical sample of 302 preschool children and both parents from Chinese two-parent families, this 1-year longitudinal study examined how maternal and paternal worry predict child anxiety through the mediating role of maternal and paternal anxious rearing behaviors. Structural equation modeling revealed that after controlling for child anxiety (T1): (a) maternal worry (T1) significantly and positively predicted child anxiety (T2) through maternal anxious rearing behaviors (T1), but not through paternal anxious rearing behaviors (T1); and (b) paternal worry (T1) significantly and positively predicted child anxiety (T2) through maternal anxious rearing behaviors (T1), but not through paternal anxious rearing behaviors (T1). These findings suggest that both maternal and paternal worry are related to maternal anxious rearing behaviors, which increase child anxiety. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Northern Ireland pupils transcend cultural difference through transformed integrated schools: we don’t think about religion when we’re passing the ball, we just do it

ABSTRACT Schooling for Northern Ireland children has over decades been in denominationally separate schools, until an integrated system was instigated by concerned parents in the late 1970s amidst growing political violence. By educating together Catholic and Protestant pupils and those of other religions or none, the hope was to contribute to peace in a conflict-prone society. The first integrated schools were planned and government funded. Then, in the early 1990s, some segregated schools sought to transform to integrated status through a detailed, formal process. In individual, face-to-face interviews, 11- and 16-year old pupils (n = 20), representing both school sectors and both the main cultural backgrounds, described their experiences of learning side by side for the first time with peers of a different tradition. Both younger and older pupils could discern the differences between their previous (segregated) and current (integrated) settings, saw the benefits of accepting and acceptance, and perceived sameness as well as difference. They could appreciate the global perspective, understood the purpose of outward, visible changes such as emblems and school displays, and welcomed curriculum change, particularly in Physical Education. Pupils understood the value of having difficult conversations without acrimony at the same time as learning about and respecting others’ viewpoints.

Parental acceptability of pediatric forearm manipulations in a UK district hospital emergency department.

Purpose:Pediatric forearm fractures are a common presentation to Accident and Emergency departments. Standard treatment for the majority of these is manipulation under sedation within the department, followed by cast application. Concerns have been raised about the acceptability of such interventions, and reluctance to perform these procedures has led to increased admissions and manipulations performed under general anesthetic.Methods:A prospective case series of all pediatric patients with forearm fractures who underwent a manipulation under sedation in the Accident and Emergency department was collected over 12 months. All parents were invited to complete an acceptability questionnaire, adapted from the Swedish Pyramid Questionnaire for Treatment, based on their experiences.Results:A total of 77 patients were included and their parents were asked to complete a Swedish Pyramid Questionnaire of Treatment. Forty-four parents (55%) agreed to fill out the questionnaire. Patient demographics and fracture characteristics were compared between the group that responded and those that did not, with no significant differences. Average level of satisfaction was 9.4/10 (range = 7–10). 98% of respondents were satisfied with the level of analgesia provided, but only 86% with the timeliness of administration.Conclusion:This parent-focused evaluation of treatment confirms high levels of parental satisfaction with the management of pediatric forearm fractures in Accident and Emergency, with regard to care, analgesia, and information. It provides insights about parental concern relating to the injury and their anxiety as information useful to further improving care, a template for assessing quality improvement and should be considered as part of further studies in this field.Level of evidence:Level IV case series.

Family’s role and their Challenging Commitment to English Language Learning: A systematic Review

Background: The English language occupies a prominent role in today’s globalized world. The importance of this language is on the increase to the extent that this has become a major concern for governments, curriculum designers, educators, and parents. There are several factors, which contribute to achieving the successful learning of the English language. One of these factors is the role of the family and their involvement in the language development of their children. Purpose and Method: The present systematic review is framed in a descriptive qualitative approach since its main objective is to analyze articles that contain information regarding family’s role and their challenging pedagogical commitment with their children to the learning of the English language. For this purpose, 16 empirical studies retrieved from SCOPUS and the Web of Science database published between 2016 and 2021 in different EFL contexts were analyzed. The present work followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and was analyzed thematically. Four themes were identified from the empirical studies and were discussed further. Results: The results clearly suggest that the higher commitment of parents is directly proportional to the success rate in the learning of the English language. It also revealed the need for integrating the Family in the English language learning process and be considered while formulating any language/educational policy as well as curriculum development involving English as a foreign language (EFL) learning context in the future. Finally, the study provides information on limitations and implications followed by a conclusion.