Wheel Parameters Research Articles

Investigation of design parameters on self-floating water wheel for micro-hydropower generation

ABSTRACT Nowadays, the exploitation of renewable hydropower energy sources promotes the research about water wheel as a significant source of hydropower. However, the performance characteristics of floating water wheel are still appeared to be largely unknown. This research aims to investigate the design parameters of self-floating water wheel (wheel with floating ability) to generate the maximum power output. Various parameters including ridge’s profile, blade number and immersed radius ratio were studied throughout the research. Different types of ridge’s profile (flat, curve) with various blades number (4, 6, 8) and different immersed radius ratio (0.6, 0.7, 0.8) were investigated. The output parameters for this research are rotational speed and maximum torque measured by tachometer and load cells, respectively. The performance of self-floating water wheel depending on the maximum power output which derived from rpm and maximum torque loads. The results show that the performance of curve blade self-floating water wheel is higher than the flat blade self-floating water wheel. The highest performance of self-floating water wheel is curve profile with blade number of 6 at immersed radius ratio of 0.8, which is higher than the performance of flat blade self-floating water wheel. The highest maximum mechanical power output regarding to these parameters is 0.254 W.

A Matching Pursuit-Based Vehicle Wheel Parameter Extraction Method from Micro-Doppler Radar Signal

A Matching Pursuit-Based Vehicle Wheel Parameter Extraction Method from Micro-Doppler Radar Signal

DETERMINATION AND ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL PARAMETERS OF THE BENCH FOR RAILWAY WHEELS COMPLEX TESTS

Purpose. The purpose of the work is to determine and analyze the technical parameters of the bench for railway wheels complex tests, providing for the combination of fatigue and contact strength tests, their simultaneous performing on same test-bench. Methodology. Determination of the technical parameters of the test-bench was carried out based on comparing the characteristics of fatigue and contact strength tests of railway wheels. Requirements for fatigue tests and related equipment are determined based on an analysis of the current regulations and patent review. A model of the contact strength test-bench with the introduction of necessary changes in terms of ensuring the cyclicity of the working effort application was adopted as the basic model for the development of a complex test-bench. The criterion for the possibility of complex tests, involving the simultaneous testing of railway wheels for fatigue and contact strength, was the dependence of the test-bench roller diameter on the parameters of the tested wheel, the wheelset axle load, which includes the tested wheel and the wheel material endurance limit. Findings. The analysis of the obtained dependence showed that the roller diameter as a function of the load in the contact zone of the “wheel – roller” pair has second order discontinuity in the section where this load changes from the minimum to the maximum value. Analytical dependence is also presented and analyzed in graphical form. The generalization of the results obtained made it possible to conclude that it is impossible to carry out complex tests of railway wheels, which provide for the combination of fatigue strength tests with contact strength tests, subject to their simultaneous holding at the same test-bench. Originality. For the proposed scheme of the bench for complex tests of railway wheels, for the first time, we obtained the dependence linking the parameters of the test wheel, the parameters of the bench, the wheel pair axle load and the wheel material endurance limit. Practical value. The results obtained can be used as a basis for the development of new test-benches for railway wheels.

Wheel rolling on deformable ground with slippage

A characteristic feature of wheeled earth-moving machines and tractors is their operation on deformable soils. This makes it necessary to consider the features of the interaction of elastic wheels with the ground, including such issues as the depth of the track and power losses for rutting, wheel movement along the laid track, rolling with pull, forces and moments acting on the wheel, the effect of wheel parameters and rolling mode etc. When a pneumatic wheel with a high internal air pressure rolls on a deformable soil, the nature of the interaction of the wheels with the soil is such that the wheel can be considered rigid, since its normal deformation is small. This greatly simplifies the calculations associated with the analysis of the operation of wheeled machines taking into account the transforming properties of the wheeled propulsion unit, in particular, the determination of the kinematic and power parameters of the wheel. In this paper, using the motion reversal method, the picture of physical phenomena in the contact of the wheel with the ground has been considered, which made it possible to obtain relatively simple expressions for calculating the circumferential thrust force and the coefficient of tangential elasticity of the pair “wheel-deformable soil”.

A strategy on generating structured plateau surface by the sinusoidal oscillatory lapping of the grinding wheel with the phyllotactic pattern of abrasive grains

The structured plateau surface can reduce the contact friction force on workpiece surfaces based on the kinematics principle of superfinishing considering the phyllotaxis theory of biology. In this paper, the strategy on lapping structured platform surface over cyclindrical component has been proposed with the help of the sinusoidal movement of ordered grinding wheel. In order to achieve this strategy, the lapping device has been first designed and manufactured, and the design theory of ordered grinding wheel is given. The ordered grinding wheel is manufactured, and then the equation of the lapping trajectory of abrasive particles is established while considering processing parameters. The kinematic conditions of generating structured plateau surface is discussed, and the geometric generating mechanism of the plateau surface is analyzed by means of the trajectory simulation results. Finally the problems related to the lapping process and the generating mechanism of the plateau surface are analyzed and discussed based on the experimental investigation results. The research results show that the sinusoidal oscillation lapping of the order grinding wheels which are arranged according to whorls, staggered whorls and spiral pattern, can generate different structured plateau surface. The geometry shape of the plateau surface and its consistency depend on the configuration form and parameters of the grinding wheel.

Model-Based Design Workflows for Cyber-Physical Systems Applied to an Electric-Mechanical Coolant Pump

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) connect mechanics, electrics and electronics as well as software. Considering the interactions between these domains is a major challenge in product development. Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) enables cross-domain system development, based on commonly understood system architectures. However, there is still a gap in using MBSE for development, especially in mechanics. Systematic evaluation of design decisions based on system architecture models is not done. The strong simulation methods predicting physical product behaviour are not well connected to the evolving system architecture. We propose a new approach for connecting simulation and design models in a System Modelling Language (SysML) system model using the example of a combustion engine’s cooling circuit. The electric-mechanical coolant pump is chosen for design. The design processes of the hydrodynamic pump wheel and the volume flow controller are modelled as workflows in SysML. Here, we integrate design models for the pump wheel and the controller into the workflows. Thereby, parameters of the pump wheel and controller are calculated. Design results are automatically transferred to CAD. A workflow is created, testing the cooling circuit’s behaviour against requirements, combining a Simulink control model and a Simcenter Amesim heat transfer model. The approach results in a framework for automated design and test processes.

Wheel orientation calculation for helical rake flank sharpening of broaching tools

Helical rake flank is an important structure of helical broach tools. Its perfect sharpening is crucial to maintain the working performance of the tool and prolong the tool life, which is obtained via proper wheel orientation and suitable grinding processes. In practical, wheels with diverse profiles are adopted to satisfy the sharpening for various rake flanks. Therefore, wheel orientation identification methods with strong robustness are expected to deal with general helical rake flank sharpening tasks. Besides, proper grinding processes should be devoted to helical rake flank sharpening to improve the quality of broach tool. This study developed a wheel orientation calculation method that combing the specific process for helical rake flank sharpening with involving discrete enveloping. Firstly, a general model for grinding wheel is established, and the swivel-tilt-based orientation and positioning parameters of wheel are given. Then, through approximating the grinding motion as a serial of discrete wheels, the machined profile on the broach tool axial-section is expressed as the external enveloping profile of the intersection curves between the wheels and the tool axial-section. After distinguishing the enveloping profile by points along radial direction, the derivation of the instant contact line was provided. Furthermore, the mathematic model of the specific process about helical broach rake flank sharpen is established to enhance the wheel orientation identification algorithm. At last, both experiments and simulations are implemented to verify the effectiveness of this method and to investigate the influences of the process constrains via solution space.

Algorithm for calculate desired machining parameters of grinding wheel for end mill groove

Milling tools or milling cutters are made by grinding. In the process, 5 or 6-axis grinding machine is used. However, it is difficult to calculate the desired position and trajectory of the grinding wheel, so the parameters are determined by trial and error or based on the past experience of the operator. This fact is inconvenient and inefficient, especially when in a situation of making a new shaped tool. For a more flexible tool design, a more convenient and efficient way to get the operating parameters is needed. In this paper, the groove of the 2-flute end mill is considered as the target tool and it tries to calculate the machining parameters of the grinding wheel and its shape. The basic principle is groove prediction and evaluation with goals and optimization to minimize the deviation. Groove shape is predicted rapidly by using graphic methods and GPU, and it contributes to speeding up the optimization process. By evaluating the core radius, rake angle, and whole groove shape, wheel position and wheel shape are optimized. The results of the experiment, core radius, and wheel position are optimized enough, therefore core angle and rake angle can be sufficiently close to the target value. The whole groove shape still has a slight difference but it is sufficient to be used in current production sites.

Evaluation of the effects of wheel parameters in U-shaped suspension type cylinder elevating mechanism on lifting and lowering motion

Evaluation of the effects of wheel parameters in U-shaped suspension type cylinder elevating mechanism on lifting and lowering motion

Comprehensive performance assessment of a solid desiccant wheel using an artificial neural network approach

The design and operational parameters of a solid desiccant wheel (DW), as the heart of a desiccant system, significantly affect the performance of systems in which it is applied. A general and fast model to predict the DW operation is needed to allow investigation of desiccant systems under various working conditions. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the performance prediction of a DW using an artificial neural network (ANN) technique. Comprehensive design parameters, namely rotational speed, channel length, hydraulic diameter, process/regeneration section area ratio, desiccant layer thickness, and the purge angle, are applied as inputs to the ANN model. Moreover, the inlet process and regeneration air temperatures, humidity ratios, and velocities are considered as inputs to confirm that the model outcomes are applicable when various DW parameters are taken into account. Here, the network outputs are the process, the purge, and the regeneration air temperatures and humidity ratios at the DW outlet. This generality in the DW ANN model that contains most of the attributed parameters as inputs and predicts various outputs has not been provided in previous works. A data bank for training the network is generated through transient equations for a wide variation range of DW associated parameters. Several ANN structures are trained in MATLAB to study their prediction accuracy and eventually to find the optimum. The best architecture, which has four hidden layers and 50 neurons, yields a mean relative percentage and a mean square error of 0.54% and 5.9 × 10−5, respectively. This structure can successfully predict DW behavior. Comparing the ANN model predictions and experimental data indicates that the selected structure permits reasonably accurate predictions of the performance of a DW.

Unified approach to developing analytical models of different grinding processes based on basic cutting process model

The appearance of modern CNC grinding machines allowed concentrating multipass and multistage processing of different workpiece surfaces by means of using different grinding types and different tool types. Meanwhile, the processing of different surfaces is carried out with different allowances and accuracy requirements and performed according to the specified stepwise cycles of the feeds control. As a result, there is a difficult task of quick and reliable calculation of the optimal feed cycles and other cutting modes for different types of processing of different surfaces with various grinding conditions. The solution to this problem is developing of mathematical models that link processing accuracy with cutting modes and other technological conditions of the processing. The development of such models should begin with the creation of a complex of the cutting forces` models for each grinding type. This article describes a method for deriving generalized analytical model of the cutting force for the different grinding types which is based on the functional interrelation between the intensity of the metal removal performed by the wheel and elementary volumes of metal deformable in the shear zone. The complex of the cutting forces models for different grinding types, obtained by means of using this technique, establishes functional interrelation of the cutting force with cutting modes, strength properties of the treated material, kinematics of the grinding process, geometry of the cutting zone, characteristics and geometric parameters of the grinding wheel, etc. It should also be noted that the developed models cover the majority of production conditions and they are wide-range in terms of the main technological parameters (dimensions of the treated surfaces, allowances, tolerance grades, etc.).

Improvement of Diagnostic Parameters of a Rolling Wheel with Flat Spot and Experimental Test on Lithuanian Railways

The JSC (Joint-Stock Company) “Railway Products Conformity Assessment Center”, under a contract with JSC “Lithuanian Railways”, carried out a rolling stock geometry and rolling surface defect risk assessment study which analyzed the principles and algorithm of the ATLAS-LG system used by JSC “Lithuanian Railways” and the system’s advantages and similarities with other systems used for rolling surface defect prediction worldwide. According to the results of this study, JSC “Voestalpine VAE Legetecha” made changes to the algorithms of its ATLAS-LG computing system and changed the parameter used to determine the damage to wheelsets. The goal of this work was to review the automatic systems of rolling stock used to evaluate the state of the rolling stock, compare the criteria for culling, describe the methodology for setting a new parameter for detecting wheel damage Pderivative instead of the previous parameter Kdm, and upgrade operational algorithms of ATLAS. This paper describes the algorithm and methodology for setting a new parameter, evaluating the construction of rolling stock and movement speed. To develop a replacement algorithm for the ATLAS-LG system, a new parameter verification methodology using the inverse Laplace transform for the mathematical model was used.

An efficient generation grinding method for spur face gear along contact trace using disk CBN wheel

In order to further improve the grinding efficiency of face gear, this paper presents a novel method for grinding face gear along contact trace using disk CBN wheel. Firstly, the grinding principle of face gear is studied, and the tooth surface equations of rack and gear shaper cutter are derived, thus formulating the tooth surface equation of disk CBN wheel. Secondly, considering the structure of the face gear grinding machine tool and the impact of the grinding wheel parameters on the face gear tooth surface, the disk CBN wheel configuration is proposed, and the calculation method of the tool position of the face gear grinding is established. Thirdly, according to the structural characteristics of the grinding wheel, the tooth surface contact trace of the face gear is designed, and the face gear development grinding processing method along the tooth surface contact traces is presented. Finally, a test of grinding spur face gear with disk CBN wheel is carried out on a laboratory-made five-axis face gear processing machine. The test results verified the correctness of the face gear grinding. Compared with the dish wheel for grinding face gear, the grinding method proposed in this paper can further improve the grinding efficiency of face gear. This method will break new ground for the engineering application of the face gear.

Numerical simulation of gas flow through the flow part of a multi-stage turbomolecular vacuum pump

The modeling of gas flow through a multi-stage flowing part of a turbomolecular vacuum pump to optimize the parameters of rotor and stator impeller wheels is considered. The developed program of statistical modeling by the Monte Carlo method allows us to determine the influence of the geometric parameters of the stages on the pump performance indicators. Keywords turbomolecular pump, impeller wheels, maximum action speed, maximum pressure ratio, Monte Carlo method. marc081939@gmail.com

Determination of Power and Kinematic Wheel Parameters when Rolling against a Drum

Car tire tests, including rolling resistance tests, are often performed on drum stands. Car tests on drum stands of various designs are also becoming more widespread: with a different number of drums, their locations and types of drives. However, in the literature there are no works describing the process of interaction of the wheel with the drum. In this regard, there is a need to consider the mechanics of the interaction of an elastic wheel with a drum and determine its kinematic and power characteristics, which is the task of this study. The mechanics of rolling the wheel against the drum is considered, taking into account the frictional interaction of the pair “elastic wheel – rigid drum” using the theory of preliminary displacement of the wheel elements in the zone of contact with the drum. This made it possible, inter alia, to obtain relationships for determining the rolling resistance caused by hysteresis losses in the wheel material, the tangential force acting in the contact, the moment on the wheel, the power of friction losses in the contact, the coordinates of the boundary of the adhesion and sliding sections in the contact of the wheel with the drum, relative loss of speed (slippage) of the wheel. The interaction of the wheel with two drums is also considered.

Testing research on friction and wear performance of microstructure surface of unfolding wheel for bearing steel ball detection

The unfolding wheel of AVIKO series steel ball surface quality automatic detector is expensive and easy to wear, which seriously restricts its application and development. In this paper, the wear reason and motion form of the unfolding wheel are analyzed, the unfolding contact model is simplified reasonably, and the corresponding experimental equipment and scheme are designed. The microstructures with different shape parameters are machined on the test pieces surface by laser machining technology, and the theoretical calculation formula for the weight of wear is obtained through friction and wear tests and data fitting. The test results show that compared with the smooth test piece, the test pieces with microstructure surface can increase the friction coefficient and reduce the degree of wear, and the diamond microstructure has the best effect on reducing the wear weight. The fitted formula provides theoretical and experimental basis for the follow-up research and the design of microstructure parameters of unfolding wheel.

Вплив геометричних параметрів рушія колісного транспортного засобу та нерівностей опорної поверхні на швидкість руху та частоту збурюючої дії

The influence of the condition of the support surface and geometrical parameters of the tractor wheel on the speed of its movement and the frequency of vibrational vibrations that arise in this case are investigates in the article. This issue is of considerable theoretical and practical importance, because the irregularities of the frame and wheel oscillations of the road lead to a significant deterioration of the tractor's operational performance. This question has been studied by a number of researchers, but they were diverse and narrow-minded. For this reason, the task was to examine more deeply the relationship between the condition of the wheel and the coating with the vibration oscillation parameters that occur during movement. In theoretical studies, the relationship between the wheel chord length and the irregularities between the two wheel contact points were established. The equation of the reference surface was represented by a sine wave with a variable amplitude coefficient. Depending on the ratio of the wheel radius and the geometric dimensions of the projections and the depressions of the support surface, two sets of equations were obtained describing the parameters of vibrational vibrations. The results of the analytical studies were illustrated by the corresponding geometric dependencies. In order to verify the theoretical references, experimental studies were conducted with a system for measuring the vibration oscillation parameters of the wheeled wheeled agricultural tractors. The studies were performed on two pavement variants. The results of the experimental studies are presented graphically in the form of oscilloscope vibration acceleration of the driven axle of the tractor, as well as in tabular form. Conducted theoretical and experimental studies show that there is an inverse relationship between the magnitude of the wheel radius and the vibration oscillation parameters. As the translational speed of the tractor increases, the vibration oscillation parameters also increase.

Optimization of simplified grinding wheel geometry for the accurate generation of end-mill cutters using the five-axis CNC grinding process

A simple geometric and optimal method is adopted for the five-axis CNC grinding of the end-mill cutters. In this research, initially a simplified parametric profile of the grinding wheel is constructed using line segments and circular arcs. The equation of the wheel swept-surface in five-axis grinding is derived. Then subjected to the flute profile design, the profile parameters of the grinding wheel, its relative location, and orientation with respect to the end-mill cutter are optimized, ensuring a specified normal rake angle. Finally, validation of the newly developed method has been performed using the CAD simulation; two virtually ground flutes are measured and compared with the given specifications. The normal rake angle is related with the radial rake angle by a relationship established in this work. This innovative approach can determine the non-standard grinding wheel that can be economically produced or dressed to accurately grind the end-mill cutters using the five-axis CNC grinding process.

Researching rolling resistance of the wheeled forestry tractor at skidding

Off-road performance improvement remains one of the main problems in designing wheeled dragging and forestry tractors. Improvement of off-road performance of the dragging and forestry tractors is closely related to the general problem of wheeled vehicles’ off-road performance, however it features a number of specific aspects which require specialized research to be made.During tree skidding by a wheeled tractor, vertical load on a double-reduction axle greatly changes that is linked to additional load by a roundwood bundle and redistributed in-motion load. The above in-motion redistribution of load and driving moments along the axles greatly affects the vehicle’s off-road performance. While skidding, the increased load on a wheel leads to increased specific pressure, track depth and rolling resistance.This work employs simplified tire calculation model used as a base to determine relationship between load and deformation. Calculation is made successively for each elementary tire section that allows for finding diagram of pressure distribution in the contact longitudinal plane and researching rolling resistance related to rutting and hysteresis losses in the tire material. Further experimental research of the driving wheel and wheel system motion allowed for elaborated theoretical analysis and helped to justify parameters the forestry tractor wheels.The following tasks were set during this work:1. To make efforts to elaborate approximated method for estimating relative elongation of the rolling resistance depending on wheel parameters, vertical load and air pressure. The method is based on calculation of contact pressure distribution on the basis of simplified tire model2. To conduct experimental research of rolling resistance for one wheel and wheel set of a tractor in the leading movement mode with due regard to tire tangential deformation.3. To study aspects of a process of rolling resistance of a forestry tractor during tree skidding in summer time. To run comparative draw tests of a forestry tractor equipped with tires of variable size.4. To find out possibilities to reduce rolling resistance basing on theoretical and experimental researches.

Manual wheelchair’s turning resistance: swivelling resistance parameters of front and rear wheels on different surfaces

Purpose Daily locomotion with a manual wheelchair includes curvilinear movements. However, little is known about the resisting forces in play during turning manoeuvres where the wheels are generally both rolling and swivelling. This study aimed at quantifying the swivelling resistance parameters of several wheels on different surfaces and to evaluate the effect of the curvature radius on these parameters. Materials and methods A specific test bench was designed allowing the swivelling resistance parameters of a wheel rolling while swivelling to be determined. Seven wheels (3 front and 4 rear wheels), three surfaces (plywood, linoleum and carpet), two loads (25 and 45 kg) and five curvature radii (from 0 to 0.4 m) were tested through a full factorial design experiment. Results Results showed that the wheel type was the most influential factor on swivelling resistance parameters, followed by the surface and the curvature radius. The effect of the load on swivelling resistance parameters was found negligible when compared to the influence of other factors. A predictive model for swivelling resistance parameters of the different wheel/surface combinations was proposed, as a function of the curvature radius. Conclusion This study allowed the swivelling resistance parameters of different wheel/surface combinations to be quantified, as a function of the curvature radius of the wheel trajectory. Combined with data on rolling resistance, these data could now be used to assess energy losses during real life ambulation or to achieve more realistic behaviour in virtual rehabilitation environment. Implications for rehabilitation Swivelling resistances are increased by carpet surfaces compared to tile surfaces. Conversely to rolling resistance, castors wheels are less prone to swivelling resistance than rear wheels The swivelling resistance of a wheel rolling while swivelling is decreased compared to a pure swivelling movement. Combined with data on rolling resistance, these data on swivelling resistance would allow energy loss during daily life activity to be determined or as input data for the control of wheelchair simulator in virtual environment used for rehabilitation.