Body Parameters Research Articles

Wave-induced seepage force on a buried pipe in the presence of a floating structure

This work aims to understand the variations in the oscillatory seepage force on a buried pipe in the presence of a floating structure under the influence of long-crested waves. The study is based on numerical investigation carried out using Finite Element Analysis wherein the water wave is modelled using potential flow theory and the soil modelling in accordance with Biot’s consolidation equations. The investigation is carried out in the frequency domain considering a range of wave, soil and floating body parameters. At first, the sensitivity of wave and soil parameters on the development of vertical seepage force on a buried pipe is studied. Then a floating body is introduced to the fluid domain and the wave scattering effects on the seabed pressures and seepage forces on the buried pipe are investigated. The numerical results reveal that in the case of barge or floating-fixed breakwater, the increase in vertical seepage forces on the buried pipe is about two-fold in intermediate water depths (π/8 < kh < π/2). The increase in the susceptibility to instantaneous and residual liquefaction of soil above the buried pipe due to the presence of a floating body is also addressed.

Realtime PPG based respiration rate estimation for remote health monitoring applications

Among the many vital parameters of human body, breath rate monitoring is paramount to detect the symptoms of several respiratory diseases such as sleep apnea syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma. Hence, this paper puts forward a novel framework to measure the respiration rate (RR) using the reflective type photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals acquired using an inexpensive and easy-to-use wearable device. Extracting the respiration induced amplitude variations (RIAV) from PPG signal using the incremental merge segmentation (IMS) algorithm, the proposed approach shows that robust RR estimation in realtime is feasible through low cost Cortex-M4 microcontroller. Using the sliding window approach augmented with adaptive thresholding technique that can deal with motion artifacts, we show that robust RR estimation is viable using reflectance type PPG, which is largely unexplored. Moreover, to handle the non-uniform nature of RIAV signal, this work employs uniform interval interpolation technique and removes the non-respiratory frequencies using finite impulse response (FIR) band-pass filter. Through the fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis of regular interval RIAV sequence, the dominant frequency corresponding to the RR is extracted. The performance of the proposed scheme is validated not only on two publicly available PPG datasets but also on a custom designed experimental setup integrated with the smartphone. The experimental results highlight that our approach can achieve a RR estimation accuracy of 1 bpm deviation against the ground truth.

Height estimation of an individual from forearm length in medical students

Background: Height is an important parameter of human in anthropology and forensic medicine. We can measure the height of an individual from forearm length (FAL). In this study, we found the relationship between FAL and height in medical students. Aims and Objective: The objective of the study was to find co-relation between FAL and height of the individuals (male and female medical students) and to obtain regression formula to determine the height from FAL. Materials and Methods: Height and FALs were measured in 200 medical students of 17–22 years age (100 males and 100 females) of N.R.S Medical College, Kolkata. For finding, the relationship between height and FAL linear regression analysis was used. Results: In our study, average height of the female students was 158.64±5.28 cm, whereas in male students average height was 168.97±6.33 cm. Mean FAL has been 26.63±1.72 and 23.72±1.44 cm, respectively, in case of male and female students. Difference of the mean height and mean length of forearm values between female and male students was statistically significant. The correlation coefficient (r) between height and FAL of dominant side has been, respectively, +0.93, +0.96, and +0.97 in case of male, female, and total students. According to the linear regression, there was a relation between height and FAL. Conclusion: From our study, it is evident that we may estimate the height of a person from measurement of FAL. In future studies may be carried out to estimate height of an individual from other body parameters also.

The effect of environmental variables and metabolic rate on physiological parameters in a hot and humid mine

The problem of high temperature has always been a challenge for safe mining in deep mines. At present, breakthroughs in key technologies have not been achieved. The effects of environmental variables and metabolic rate on physiological parameters has important guiding significance for ensuring the safety of miners. In this study, the changes in the physiological parameters of the human body were determined through experiments to simulate the underground environment. The results show that ambient temperature, metabolic rate and working time are all positively correlated with heart rate, blood pressure and external auditory canal temperature. Heart rate and blood pressure show a rapid increase first and then a slow increase. Regardless of the influence of humidity on heart rate and blood pressure, the relationship formulas between dependent variable (HR, SBP, and DBP) and independent variable (metabolic rate and working time) is obtained. These findings show that labor intensity and working time are the direct factors leading to changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and external auditory canal temperature, while ambient temperature is the indirect cause, and the influence of wind speed is minimal. The experimental results show the importance of factors affecting human physiological parameters.

Supplementation with sodium butyrate protects against antibiotic-induced increases in ethanol consumption behavior in mice.

We have recently reported that oral treatment of adult male C57BL/6J mice with a non-absorbable antibiotic cocktail resulted in an increase in ethanol intake and in significant reductions in butyrate-producing gut microbiota populations. This work led us to hypothesize that reduction in butyrate levels within the gut is linked to antibiotic-induced increases in voluntary ethanol consumption. This study tested whether ad libitum sodium butyrate supplementation can prevent antibiotic-induced ethanol consumption in mice. Sodium butyrate was provided to adult male C57BL/6J mice in drinking water alone or in combination with antibiotic cocktail. Effects on ethanol (20%) intake were measured using drinking in the dark and modified 2-bottle choice paradigms. Body parameters, food and liquid intake, cecum, and adipose tissues were measured during and/or at the conclusion of the drinking in the dark study. Cecal 16s rRNA was analyzed for microbiota diversity and changes in specific bacterial phyla/species. In drinking in the dark, sodium butyrate supplementation prevented antibiotic-induced increases in ethanol intake without altering basal ethanol consumption. Furthermore, sodium butyrate supplementation lowered ethanol preference in the 2-bottle choice study. Ethanol intake was correlated to specific bacterial phyla/species. Sodium butyrate did not affect the changes in microbiota diversity and composition induced by antibiotic cocktail. The findings support a role of gut microbiota-derived butyrate in regulating alcohol-induced behaviors. Additionally, the work contributes to efforts in development of novel microbiome-based strategies as novel preventative and intervention-based therapeutics to address alcohol use disorder.

Assessment of Spawning Fecundity and its Relation with Body Parameters in Brown Trout (Salmo trutta fario) of Kashmir Himalayas

Assessment of Spawning Fecundity and its Relation with Body Parameters in Brown Trout (Salmo trutta fario) of Kashmir Himalayas

Research on the rolling channel control of micro tailless air-to-ground missile

Due to the limitation of volume and weight, the missile body parameters of the micro tailless air-to-ground missile have a large range during flight, and the characteristics of the rolling channel are greatly different from those of conventional missiles, the stability control of the roll channel is greatly affected by the error of the actuator. Under the classic PID control, the HWIL simulation results show that the jitter of roll angle is obvious, and the anti-disturbance ability of the system is poor. Based on the classic PID, fuzzy control is introduced to optimize the design of rolling channel by using fuzzy online self-correcting PID control. The results of the hardware-in-the-loop simulation show that the jitter of roll angle is suppressed, which improves the characteristics of the roll channel and the control efficiency.

Analytical determination of energy intensity of critical deep cutting of soils by multi-scraper trench excavators

The object of research is the processes of interaction of the cutters of the working body of the chain trench excavator on the basis of the semi-blocked critical depth mode of soil cutting. One of the most problematic places is that the known analytical and experimental models of interaction of multi-scraper chain trench excavators with soil do not determine the parameters and modes of their operation based on critical depth cutting of soils. Therefore, the design of work equipment for given conditions on the basis of such dependencies does not provide the minimum energy consumption and maximum productivity of the work process. The research used the method of analytical calculation of parameters of installation of soil-developing elements and determination of energy performance of multi-scraper chain working body of trench excavator on the basis of semi-blocked critical-depth soil cutting regime. The proposed calculation method allows to determine the parameters of installation of the working body and placement of soil development elements and to quantify the energy performance of multi-scraper chain working body of the trench excavator based on semi-blocked critical depth of soil cutting mode. The obtained method of calculation, in contrast to existing empirical estimates, allows developing options for improving the parameters of multi-scraper chain working body. As a substantiation of this conclusion the conceptual variant of technical realization of the working equipment is offered, namely, allows to prove expediency of the choice of the semi-blocked scheme of arrangement of cutters of critical deep cutting of soil of a working body of a trench multi-scraper excavator. The conducted energy analysis showed that it is more expedient to use a multi-scraper chain working body of a trench excavator on the basis of a semi-blocked critical-depth regime of soil cutting. For example, for soil semi-solid clay with blocked cutting, cutting angle αc=20–30°, cutter width b=0.02 m the energy intensity of the working process varies within E=191–233 kJ/m3; for semi-blocked cutting under the same conditions – E=187–191 kJ/m3, which is 2–18 % less.

Clinical and anthropometric parallels in the diagnostics of pyelonephritis in pregnant women

BACKGROUND: The most dangerous disease in the structure of urinary tract infections during pregnancy is pyelonephritis. Favorable ground for its occurrence is created by anatomical and physiological changes in the urinary system in pregnant women against the background of gestational restructuring of the body. It seems very relevant to study the constitutional features of pregnant women with pyelonephritis and reference points - markers associated with the risk of developing pyelonephritis, the individual characteristics of its course and the effectiveness of therapy using the fundamental basis of clinical anthropology.
 AIM: Evaluation and comparative analysis of anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance body parameters in pregnant women with pyelonephritis.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 94 pregnant women with pyelonephritis hospitalized in the urological department of the Clinical Regional Hospital (Krasnoyarsk) from 2019 to 2021. In addition to traditional tests, anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance analysis was carried out to assess the constitutional features and criteria of normal and pathological variability boundaries of pregnant women with pyelonephritis. The control group included 39 women with physiological course of pregnancy without urological diseases.
 RESULTS: The constitutional identification in the group of women with pyelonephritis in pregnancy was dominated by the mesomorph body type, with a smaller proportion presenting the endomorph type and the rarely detected central and ectomorph types. Vector analysis of soma components in pregnant women with pyelonephritis are characterized by high mesomorph scores reflecting the degree of skeletal and muscular development compared to the control group, with the lowest ectomorph values. According to bioelectrical impedance analysis, most patients have significant differences in a number of body composition parameters. Morphometric features of the pelvicalyceal system on the affected side are most prominent in the representatives of endomorph and central body types. There are significant correlations between the degree of pelvicalyceal system dilatation on the affected side and anthropometric and bioimpedance parameters of body composition.
 CONCLUSION: The study revealed a number of clinical and anthropometric parallels and constitutional features of pregnant women with pyelonephritis with the characteristics of the component body composition. Relationships have been established between various indicators, which at first glance are not related to each other, but have a significant impact on the clinical manifestations of gestational pyelonephritis. The results of the pilot study and further development of the methodology will make it possible to determine the most significant constitutional predictors of the development of pyelonephritis in pregnancy and the possibility of conducting preventive therapy.

Design of Automated Health Monitoring System Using IoT

This project is designing of Automated Health Monitoring System Using IoT. Internet of Things (IoT) describes the network of physical objects, “things” that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet. By this system, people can monitor their day-to-day activities of health constraints and take necessary action in timely events. Further, the vital parameters of body should monitor always such as body temperature, room temperature, pulse counting, and heartbeat every day. As compared to existing one, the proposed design added with GSM and sound sensor. GSM sends the information to the family members with family doctor and notifies the consultant doctor for the medication in the individual risk factor. Any user can use this design. It is not limited to only patients and also no need to rush to hospital at regular intervals, at every time for the check-up, and do check-up safely at home. If any risk factor arises, one can visit the hospital.

Modeling and Analyzing the Dynamical Motion of a Rigid Body with a Spherical Cavity

The rotatory motion of a rigid body having a cavity, close to a spherical form, filled with a viscous incompressible fluid around its center of mass is investigated. It is assumed that the Reynolds number has a modest restricted value due to the high velocity of the fluid. The body rotates under the influence of a viscous fluid besides the action of a gyrostatic moment vector about the principal axes of the body. The governing system of motion is derived and the averaging of the Cauchy problem of this system is analyzed. The analytic solutions are derived through several transformations and plotted graphically to demonstrate the positive influence of the physical body's parameters on the motion. The stability of these solutions is examined through their phase plane diagrams. In light of the efficiency of a gyrostatic moment on the considered motion, new results of this work have been achieved. The significance of this work stems from its numerous uses in everyday life, particularly in vehicles that hold liquids, such as aircraft, submarines, ships, and other vehicles. Moreover, it is also used in engineering applications that depend on the gyroscopic theory.

INVESTIGATION OF THE SOLID MINERAL DEPOSITS IN KANO STATE'S SCHIST BELT USING GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS

This paper uses geochemical analysis to investigate solid mineral deposits in Kano state's schist belt. A number of geophysical studies have recently focused on the area, with one of them estimating the causative body parameters through modeling of ground magnetic data collected in the study area; a follow-up study like this is thus required. Using an Agilent Microwave Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometer (MP-AES), eight rock samples from the study area were prepared for geochemical analysis. The study area was discovered to be rich in iron, chromium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, potassium, zinc, and manganese, with mean values of 157.10, 6.35, 274.71, 324.76, 27.83, 239.79, 25.49, and 160.20 ppm, respectively. Muscovite, Fuchsite, Biotite, Chlorite, and Quartz are schist minerals rich in these elements. Gold and silver were also discovered, although in small quantities, with mean values of 0.15 and 0.03 ppm, respectively. It is recommended that government and other stakeholders in the solid mineral industry should explore the study area in order to exploit these resources. It is also recommended that a radiometric study be conducted in the area to determine the presence of thorium and uranium, as well as the area's safety from radioactive hazards due to the high amount of potassium recorded.

Gender difference in Achilles tendon length by resting angle measurement in correlation to body parameters between Egyptian physical therapy students

Gender difference in Achilles tendon length by resting angle measurement in correlation to body parameters between Egyptian physical therapy students

An Empirical Analysis of the Influence of Volleyball Elective Course on Students' Physical Health Based on Digital Image.

In recent years, due to the continuous improvement of the national economic level and the increasing academic burden of students' main courses, students' physical health problems (e.g., obesity, vision, and lumbar spine) have become more and more serious, which urgently needs the attention of relevant departments of national education and parents. This paper will use digital image technology to create a physical parameter measurement system and use literature, comparative analysis, and other research methods to analyze the impact of volleyball elective courses on students' physical health. Firstly, this paper explains the theory of image processing technology and analyzes the parameters of human body scientifically; secondly, it detects the physical parameters of human body in digital images and also designs an image recognition system; finally, through experimental analysis, the accuracy of identifying key points of images is relatively high. After the system is adopted, the error of the measurement index is small. After the training of human body indexes, the effect of volleyball can be effectively improved.

A passive planar model with rolling contact and its application for bounding and pronking on a quadruped robot

Abstract The development and investigation of a quadruped robot's dynamic bounding and pronking gaits using a sagittal planar model that captures the robot's natural dynamics are presented. The proposed reduced-order model, termed the Two-rolling-leg (TRL) model, is a 3-DOF planar rigid-body model consisting of two half-circular compliant legs with pure rolling contact. Throughout the non-dimensional steps-to-fall and fixed-point analysis, the model with feasible intrinsic parameters can passively perform the periodic dynamic behavior of bounding and pronking, revealing a relationship between the body parameters and the preferred dynamic behaviors. Dynamic bounding and pronking on a quadruped robot were initiated by developing a model-based control strategy based on the searched periodic dynamic behaviors of the TRL model. The experimental results showed that the robot can initiate its dynamic bounding and pronking behaviors at various forward speeds merely by causing the motor to track a preset trajectory derived from the fixed-point motion of the TRL model using position control. The higher success rate of the robot in stable bounding than in pronking is in line with the results from the analysis of the model. This paper confirms that the dynamic multi-gait locomotion of a quadrupedal robot can be initiated by utilizing a reduced-order model for control guidance and that the body configuration plays an important role in determining the characteristics of the dynamic behaviors.

Integration of Different Graphene Nanostructures with PDMS to Form Wearable Sensors.

This paper presents a substantial review of the fabrication and implementation of graphene-PDMS-based composites for wearable sensing applications. Graphene is a pivotal nanomaterial which is increasingly being used to develop multifunctional sensors due to their enhanced electrical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics. It has been able to generate devices with excellent performances in terms of sensitivity and longevity. Among the polymers, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been one of the most common ones that has been used in biomedical applications. Certain attributes, such as biocompatibility and the hydrophobic nature of PDMS, have led the researchers to conjugate it in graphene sensors as substrates or a polymer matrix. The use of these graphene/PDMS-based sensors for wearable sensing applications has been highlighted here. Different kinds of electrochemical and strain-sensing applications have been carried out to detect the physiological signals and parameters of the human body. These prototypes have been classified based on the physical nature of graphene used to formulate the sensors. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of these graphene/PDMS-based wearable sensors are explained in the final part of the paper.

Reliability analysis of an earth dam in operating conditions using direct coupling

In this study, we present a numerical investigation of the direct coupling between the deterministic GeoStudio package (Seepage/W and Slope/W software) and the StRAnD reliability package for normal operating conditions of an existing old earth dam over time. Direct coupling avoids errors associated to point estimate methods and to using response surface surrogates. One relevant feature of the study is the use of realistic pore water pressures for each equilibrium analysis, accomplished by considering a long-term steady-state analysis as an initial condition, followed by four years of equilibrium analysis, before each transient seepage analysis. All reliability analysis were performed using the first-order reliability method. The most important random parameters found in sensitivity analyses are four dam body parameters (saturated hydraulic conductivity, ks; specific weight, γ; effective cohesion, c′; and friction angle, ϕ′) and two filter parameters (ks and ϕ′). A range of values of the relationship between the reliability index (β) and the factor of safety (FS) was found for all probabilistic and deterministic results. Finally, a large difference in terms of critical deterministic and probabilistic slip surfaces is identified for the same time of analysis.Article highlightsRealistic pore water pressures used in dam equilibrium analysis, by considering random seepage analysis in previous 5 to 30 days.Direct coupling of deterministic and reliability softwares avoids errors associated to point estimate and response surface surrogate methods.Existing old earth dam studied in Normal Operating Condition.For same analysis time, large differences are observed between critical deterministic and probabilistic slip surfaces.

Parameter estimation and sensitivity analysis for a model of tumor\u2013immune interaction in the presence of immunotherapy and chemotherapy

A mathematical model has been utilized to examine the interaction between tumor cells and immune cells. In this model, the immune cells include natural killer cells, circulating lymphocytes, CD8+T cells, CD4+T cells, and cytokines. The model not only represents the traditional role of CD4+T cells in activating CD8+T cells but also illustrates its role in killing the tumor via the secretion of cytokines. Besides, treatments with both chemotherapy and immunotherapy are considered. However, since this model was not fitted to experimental data before, parameter estimation is performed to fit the model with experimental data, first. The estimation is validated to verify the correctness of the model using the experimental data for the tumor growth. Second, numerical experiments are performed using a set of human data. Results show the mutual relations between tumor cells, and body immune cells in the absence and in the presence of therapy. Results also show that CD4+T cells could play a crucial role in immunotherapy. Third, sensitivity analysis is performed by calculating the normalized sensitivity coefficients to identify the relative influence of body parameters on the tumor cell population. The obtained results provide a tool to identify which parameters should be increased or decreased before treatment to get the optimal immune response.

LPL, FNDC5 and PPAR\u03b3 gene polymorphisms related to body composition parameters and lipid metabolic profile in adolescents from Southern Italy

BackgroundPlasma lipid profile and anthropometric variables are known to be under strong genetic control and the identification of genetic variants associated with bioclinical parameters is of considerable public health importance. In this study, a young cohort of healthy individuals was genotyped for genes related to health and pathological conditions, to analyze the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with different bioclinical parameters, adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) and physical activity, studying the role of lifestyle and body composition parameters on biochemical metabolic profile.MethodsAssociation analysis of single variants in the genes of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fibronectin type III domain containing protein 5 (FNDC5), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and haplotype analyses were performed.ResultsMultiple (n = 14) common variants in the three genes demonstrated a significant effect on plasma lipoprotein-lipid levels and/or on biochemical parameters in our sample. Specifically, SNPs were related to lipid metabolism (rs3866471, rs4922115, rs11570892, rs248, rs316, rs1059507, rs1801282) or glycemic profile (rs3208305) or anthropometric parameters (rs3480, rs726344, rs1570569) for a total of 26 significant associations (P < 0.01 and/or P < 0.05) and two haplotypes, for the first time, were strongly associated with lipid and body composition parameters. Interestingly, we identified twenty-four new variants not previously described in the literature and a novel significant association between rs80143795 and body composition.ConclusionsIn this study we confirm the association between these SNPs on lipid metabolism and body parameters also in a young cohort, indicating the important role of these genetic factors as determinants of health.

Effects of transcutaneous electrical stimulation with the device “VEB” ® on the human body

Background. In 2015, a generator for electrotherapy and stimulation oh human nerve centers was created, called “VEB-1”®. Preliminary observation of volunteers revealed a modulating effect of a four-day course of electrical stimulation on the parameters of electroencephalogram, metabolism, as well as gas-discharge visualization (GDV). In this message, we present the results of the approbation of the device on an expanded contingent of volunteers with the use of additional research methods and a new modification of the device. Material and research methods. The object of observation were employees of the sanatorium “Moldova”, patients with chronic cholecystitis: 19 women 30-62 y and 19 men 25-63 y. In the morning registered HRV (“CardioLab+HRV”, “KhAI-Medica”, Kharkiv, UA), EEG (“NeuroCom Standard”, “KhAI-Medica”, Kharkiv, UA), kirlianogram by the method of GDV (“GDV Chamber”, “Biotechprogress”, SPb, RF), electroconductivity of skin in three pairs of points of acupuncture (“Medissa”), electrokinetic index of buccal epithelium ("Biotest", Kharkiv State University), as well as some endocrine, immune and metabolic parameters. After the initial testing, an transcutaneous electrical stimulation session was performed with a “VEB-1”® or a “VEB-2” devices. The next morning after completing the four-day course, retesting was performed. Results. Electrical stimulation causes a sympathotonic shift in the sympatho-vagal balance and an increase in PSD of delta-rhythm generating neurons combined with a decrease in PSD of beta- and theta-rhythm generating neurons. This is accompanied by increase in phagocytosis and favorable changes in immune, biochemical and biophysical parameters as well as increase in testosterone level in men only. The integral effects on the constellation of registered body parameters of both device modifications do not differ significantly. Conclusion. The "VEB" device exerts an adaptogenic effect on the body through transcutaneous electrical stimulation of neurons.