Parameters In Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats Research Articles

The effect of roasting degrees on bioactive compounds levels in Coffea arabica and their associations with glycated hemoglobin levels and kidney function in diabetic rats

The current study aims to assess the content of coffee oil, diterpenes, caffeine, and chlorogenic acid in coffee beans, and to evaluate the effects of roasting degrees on bioactive compound levels in Coffea arabica and their associations with glycated hemoglobin levels and kidney function parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. These constituents were quantified using Soxhlet, liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detecto (DAD). The outcomes exhibited a positive correlation between levels of coffee oil and diterpenes with a roasting degree. However, it demonstrated a negative correlation between caffeine and chlorogenic acid with a roasting degree. The male rats were categorized into two sections: healthy (nondiabetic) and streptozotocin-induced diabetic groups. Rats have daily administrated 2 ml of coffee extract using an oral gavage subjected to different roasting degrees for 3 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), urea, and creatinine in serum were assayed at baseline and end of the experiment. The highest significant elevation (Pa = 0.016) in the mean urea and creatinine levels was noted in the diabetic group administrated with dark coffee extract whereas the lowest elevation was in the diabetic group administrated with green coffee extract. In conclusion, our study has shown that coffee roasting degree may have a potential negative effect on kidney function that may accelerate or exacerbate diabetic nephropathy in induced diabetic rats. A noteworthy change in urea levels was observed in diabetic rats treated with dark-roasted coffee, which might be attributed to the decline in antioxidant constituents: chlorogenic acids and diterpenes.

Hematological parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and the effect of Rosa damascena Mills. extract

Introduction: Chronic inflammation is the primary factor contributing to the development of diabetes mellitus and its associated problems in affected patients. White blood cells are of significant importance in the degenerative mechanism of blood vessel walls in individuals with diabetes, ultimately leading to the development of atherosclerosis and initiating the rupture of unstable plaques, which subsequently causes thrombosis. Red roses contain anthocyanins, with cyanidin being the specific compound that demonstrates the greatest antioxidant action. The main aim of this study was to investigate the impact of various doses of ethanol extract derived from Rosa Damascena on hematological markers in rats with diabetes. Methods: This study used an experimental design with a randomized post-test-only control group. A total of twenty male Wistar rats were allocated into five distinct groups for the purpose of this study. The groups were categorized as follows: Healthy Control Group (HCG), Diabetes Group (DG), and Extract Group, which was further separated into three subgroups denoted as P1 (250 mg/kgBW), P2 (500 mg/kgBW), and P3 (1,000 mg/kgBW). The experimental groups received a single injection of streptozotocin at a dosage of 50 mg/kgBW to induce diabetes. Additionally, they were administered oral treatment of Rosa Damascena ethanolic extract for a duration of 2 weeks. Results: The group denoted as P2 has the lowest NLR, as seen by a mean value of 0.06. In contrast, the group administered with Metformin exhibited the lowest leukocyte value, with a mean of 7.98±6.0. Nevertheless, there are no substantial disparities in the remaining variables. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the ethanol extract obtained from Rosa Damascena did not have a statistically significant effect on the hematological parameters of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

Effects of emodin and metformin on biochemical, histological and oxidative stress parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Effects of emodin and metformin on biochemical, histological and oxidative stress parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

An Investigation into the Effects of Ubiquinone on Inflammation, Diabetic Myopathy and Endotheliopathy, and CBC Parameters in Diabetic Rats

Oxidative stress and inflammation are connected to the development of metabolic disorders, such as diabetes. Diabetic-related oxidative stress is caused by the overproduction of oxidative-free radicals, which have been implicated in the mechanism of inflammation and damage to tissues. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of ubiquinone treatment on serum indicators of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA)), inflammation (interleukin 6 (IL-6)), vascular homeostasis (nitric oxide (NO)), and myopathy (myoglobin (MB)) in addition to measuring blood components parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Rats were separated into three groups; negative control group (N), diabetic control group (D), and ubiquinone-treated diabetic group (T). After 21 days, the blood and serum samples were taken to evaluate fasting blood glucose (FBG), MDA, IL-6, NO, MB, and hematological parameters. In hyperglycemic rats, the levels of FBG and serum levels of IL-6, MDA, and MB significantly increased, while NO levels decreased. Hyperglycemic condition significantly lowered the count of WBC (P = 0.0098) but insignificantly decreased values of platelets and RBC. Ubiquinone treatment significantly reduced blood glucose, IL-6, MDA, and MB levels in diabetic rats and raised NO levels. The effects of ubiquinone on WBC (P = 0.648), RBC (P = 0.001), and (P = 0.398) were insignificant, and only minor variations in WBC and platelet levels were observed. Our data support that ubiquinone supplementation could reduce proinflammation, oxidative stress, and myopathy markers and elevate NO levels in diabetic rats. The current study indicates ubiquinone may positively impact diabetic complications; however, additional research is required to determine its therapeutic benefit when added to standard diabetes treatment.

Effect of Hunteria umbellata Methanolic Seed Extracts on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Albino Rats

This study investigated the inhibitory effect of alpha-amylase, LD50 and antidiabetic properties of the methanolic seed extract of Hunteria umbellata and its effect on biochemical parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Twelve albino rats were used for the acute toxicity test, while thirty-five were divided randomly into seven groups of five in each group. Group 1 served as the normal control, Group 2 served as the diabetic control, Group 3 was treated with glycinorm at 50 mg/kg body weight, Group 4 was treated with extract at 200 mg/kg body weight, Group 5 was treated with 400 mg/kg body weight, Group 6 was treated with 600 mg/kg body weight and Group 7 was treated with 800 mg/kg body weight by oral administration. Diabetes was induced in albino rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at a single dose of 120 mg/kg body weight into groups 3 to 7 and was fed with methanolic seed extract of Hunteria umbellata for a period of 28 days. The oral acute (LD50) toxicity study showed that extract did not cause mortality in any experimental animals even at the highest dose of 5000 mg/kg. Body weight and glucose levels were measured on days 0, 7, 14,21 and 28. The animal were sacrificed on day 28. Serum biochemical parameters were analysed. Additionally, renal function tests, including potassium, sodium, and chloride levels and protein and albumin levels, were performed. The study also evaluated hematological parameters in the animals that were fed the methanolic seed extract of Hunteria umbellata. The animals that received different methanolic seed extracts of Hunteria umbellata showed significant (p<0.05) reductions in blood glucose, inhibitory effect of alpha-amylase, serum liver enzymes, renal function biomarkers, packed cell volume and platelet counts and improved body weight. Conclusively, from this study, it has been demonstrated that the methanolic seed extract of Hunteria umbellata may possess weight enhancing, inhibitory effect of alpha-amylase, antihyperglycemic, hepatoprotective, improved hematological values, and cell and organ protective activities. Therefore, it can be concluded that H. umbellata protects against streptozotocin-induced diabetes via regulation of blood glucose, inhibition of alpha amylase and reverse some biochemical parameters.

Protective role of Sterculia tragacantha aqueous extract on pancreatic gene expression and oxidative stress parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The current study evaluates the protective role of aqueous extract of Sterculia tragacantha leaf (AESTL) on pancreatic gene expressions (insulin, PCNA, PDX-1, KI-67 and GLP-1R) and oxidative stress parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced into the experimental Wistar animals via intraperitoneal (IP) injection of streptozotocin (35mg/kg body weight) and 5% glucose water was given to the rats for 24h after induction. The animals were categorized into five groups of 10 rats each as follows normal control, diabetic control, diabetic rats administered AESTL (150 and 300mg/kg body weight) and diabetic rats administered metformin (200mg/kg) orally for two weeks. Thereafter, the animals were euthanized, blood sample collected, pancreas harvested and some pancreatic gene expressions (such as insulin, PCNA, PDX-1, KI-67, and GLP-1R)s as well as oxidative stress parameters were analyzed. The results revealed that AESTL significantly (p<0.05) reduced fasting blood glucose level, food and water intake, and lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats administered different doses of AESTL showed a substantial upsurge in body weight, antioxidant enzyme activities, and pancreatic gene expressions (insulin, PCNA, PDX-1, KI-67, and GLP-1R). It can therefore be concluded that AESTL has the ability to protect the pancreas during diabetes mellitus conditions.

Ameliorative potential of Sterculia tragacantha aqueous extract on renal gene expression and biochemical parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The ameliorative potential of aqueous leave extract of Sterculia tragacantha on renal gene expression and biochemical parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were assessed. Forty albino rats (out of fifty) were intraperitoneally induced using 35 mg/kg of streptozotocin, and then grouped into normal control, diabetic control, diabetic animals received 150 and 300 mg/kg of aqueous extract of S. tragacantha leaves (AESTL) and diabetic animals placed on 200 mg/kg of metformin. This experiment lasted for two weeks, animals were sacrificed, and a series of biochemical indices were evaluated. Diabetic rats receiving AESTL revealed a momentous decline in fasting blood glucose, urea, creatinine, uric acid, and alkaline phosphatase levels. Administration of AESTL to diabetic animals considerably improved the activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, and GSH with a decline in MDA levels. Also, AESTL reversed abnormalities in mRNA gene expressions of IL-1β, TGF-1β, KIM-1, EPO and CASP 6 in diabetic rats placed on AESTL treatment. The excellent results of diabetic rats maintained on AESTL were supported by histological findings in this study. Hence, AESTL may have beneficial effects in controlling nephropathy associated with diabetes mellitus.

Lipid-lowering effect of Pinus sp. sawdust and Pycnoporus sanguineus mycelium in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of diet supplementations on biochemical, hematological, and redox metabolism parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Healthy male Wistar rats and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were provided diets supplemented with 20% of Pinus sp. sawdust or Pycnoporus sanguineus mycelium for 4weeks. Diabetic rats treated with both Pinus sp. sawdust- and P. sanguineus mycelium-supplemented diets presented a significant decrease in non-HDL cholesterol of 38.43% and 33.53% and triglycerides of 70.03% and 69.81%, respectively, compared to diabetic control. As far as we know, this is the first report of a significant decrease in serum lipids attributed to these supplementations. Even though with the alterations in hematological and redox metabolism parameters related to these diet treatments, our data suggest that Pinus sp. sawdust and Pycnoporus sanguineus mycelium could be a useful a diet supplement to control diabetic dyslipidemia in animals. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Pinus sp. sawdust is a residue from the wood industry that can be reused as a substrate to cultivate Pycnoporus sanguineus mycelium. Both species have specific and rich natural compounds. The results of the present study surprisingly showed that diets supplemented with the isolated substrate (Pinus sp. sawdust) and Pycnoporus sanguineus mycelium significantly decrease non-HDL cholesterol and triglycerides in induced diabetic animal model. These new natural approaches can be interesting to develop a nutraceutical to treat dyslipidemia.

P0999URINARY EXCRETION OF ADENYLATE AND URIDYLATE NUCLEOTIDES IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

Abstract Background and Aims Extracellular nucleotides (ATP, ADP, UTP, UDP) acting through P2-receptors regulate renal vascular tone and glomerular permeability tor albumin. Both phenomenons are dysregulated in diabetes and are conducive to development of diabetic nephropathy. The aim of study was to investigate the urinary excretion of adenylate and uridynate nucleotides and the effects of suramin, P2-receptors antagonist and non-competitive inhibitor of ectoATPase, on those parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Method Diabetes in Wistar rats was induced by streptozotocin injection (65 mg/kg, i.p, day 0) and suramin was injected (10 mg/kg, i.p) on day 7 and 14. Nucleotides concentration in urine collected in metabolic cages on day 21 (3-weeks diabetes) were measured using HPLC method wit UV detector. All values are expressed as mean ± SEM. Results The excretion of ATP, UTP, ADP and UDP in diabetes were increased i.e. ATP: 34.99±1.73 vs 18.56±1.59 μmol/24h (p&amp;lt;0.001); UTP: 0,72±0.06 vs 0.47±0,08 vs μmol/24h (p=0.03); ADP: 0,70±0.56 vs 0.28±0,04 vs μmol/24h (p=0.001); UDP: 9.08±1.28 vs 5.06±0,83 vs μmol/24h (p=0.02). UMP excretion was decreased 7.04±0.89 vs 11.36±0,621 μmol/24h (p=0.002) but AMP excretion was not affected by diabetes i.e. 0.86±0.09 vs 0.89±0.12 μmol/24h (p=0.08). Suramin administration did not affect urinary excretion of investigated nucleotides. Conclusion diabetes increases the urinary excretion of ATP, ADP, UTP and UDP and this effect is not modified by suramin. The changes in extracellular metabolism of nucleotides may affect the renal function during diabetes. This work was supported by National Science Centre Poland Grant (2016/23/B/NZ5/02632) to MJ.

Protective and therapeutic effects of Phoenix dactylifera leaf extract on pancreatic β-cells and diabetic parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The present study is designed to assess the impact of Phoenix dactylifera (P.d) leaf extract on plasma glucose concentration, diabetic parameters, and the number of β-cells in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In this study, diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats via intraperitoneal administration of STZ (55 mg/kg). In this study, 49 rats were divided into seven groups randomly (n = 7 per group). Our three treatment groups for 42 days were given 250 mg/kg of P.d extract, 500 mg/kg of P.d extract, and 5 mg/kg glibenclamide orally, respectively. Then, the animals were anesthetized and blood samples were obtained from puncturing the retro-orbital sinus at the initial and end of the experiment and finally sacrificed. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and serum biochemical parameters including malondialdehyde (MDA), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and insulin level were measured. Pancreatic tissue was identified by immunohistochemistry and morphometric analysis which was used to evaluate β-cells. Statistical analysis was done by applying SPSS statistical software; ANOVA and Tukey’s test were used to assess data in the control and treatment groups. Blood glucose significantly decreased after daily oral administration of P.d in diabetic rats (P < 0.05). HbA1c and MDA also declined in P.d extract- and glibenclamide-treated animals compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05). Plasma insulin level also rose in treatment groups compared with that in the control group (P < 0.05). The β-cell number increased significantly in the P.d-treated diabetic rats. According to the results of this study, P.d extract might decrease hyperglycemia and improve complications of diabetes in diabetic patients.

Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Tabernaemontana catharinensis Leaves and Their Effect on Oxidative Stress Markers in Diabetic Rats.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the most effective extraction condition (temperature, solvent type and time) for recovery of high-value phytochemicals present in the Tabernaemontana catharinensis leaves (TC) and to assess their effect on biochemical parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The extraction of phenolic compounds from TC using a factorial design (FD) 2³, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), response surface methodology (RSM) and principal component analysis (PCA) were studied. It was found that the optimal conditions for extraction of phenolics were higher temperature (65 °C) and time (60 min) using ethanol as extractor solvent. In this condition of extraction (A8), total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) were determined. Additionally, this extract was used to evaluate their effect on antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) as well as lipid peroxidation (LP) and protein thiols level (PSH) in the liver and kidneys of normal and diabetic rats. As result, T. catharinensis extract presented TPC content of 23.34 mg EAG/g (equivalent gallic acid) and AA of 34.26 μmol Trolox/g. Phenolic acids (ferulic acid and coumaric acid) and flavonoids (quercetin, rutin and pinocembrin) could be recovered and identified by HPLC. This study indicated an important role of the T. catharinensis extract on free radical inactivation and on the antioxidant defense system in diabetic rats. In fact, the use of T. catharinensis extract restored the normal activity of SOD (p < 0.05) and suppressed malondialdehyde levels in liver and kidney tissues. Thus, the T. catharinensis extract, rich in phenolic compounds, can be responsible for the recover the enzymatic changes in the liver and kidney tissues provoked by diabetes in rats. In addition, the lipid peroxidation rate decreased in the diabetic rats treated with T. catharinensis.

Effect of Electroacupuncture and Glibenclamide on Blood Glucose Level and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats and Possible Human Implications

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with increasing global prevalence. It is characterized by impaired glucose utilization that leads to chronic hyperglycemia which is a result of the body's inability to produce insulin (diabetes type I) or inability to make use of insulin (diabetes type II). Long-term hyperglycemia can cause damage to multiple systems, and microvascular and macrovascular complications lead to myocardial infarction, blindness, stroke and renal failure. Diabetes affected 382 million people globally in 2013, and it is estimated to rise up to 592 million by 2035. In spite of its management, both microvascular and macrovascular complications partly linked to oxidative stress are not efficiently prevented. Glibenclamide was approved on the U. S. market for treatment of diabetes type II in 1984. ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) are widely distributed and present in a number of tissues including muscle, pancreatic beta cells and the brain. Glibenclamide closed KATP channels, which leads to depolarization of the cells and insulin secretion. Acupuncture is also a very significant therapeutic method in the complementary medicine. ST36 (Zusanli), CV4 (Guanyuan) and CV12 (Zhongwan) are several acupoints that have been used for treatment of diabetes. In this study for evaluating the effects of glibenclamide and electroacupuncture, 3 parameters such as malondialdehyde, ferric reducing antioxidant power and thiol will be measured. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the organic compound and it is a marker for oxidative stress. Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit oxidation. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals, thereby leading to chain reactions that may damage the cells of organisms. Antioxidants such as FRAP and thiol are useful parameters of assessment of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Electroacupuncture (EA) plus glibenclamide (G) as a novel therapy on diabetic rats and maybe for human. Fifty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided to 9 groups: 1 non-diabetic control group and 8 diabetic groups (1 sham control group and 7 experimental groups; D/G 2.5 mg/kg, D/G 5 mg/kg, D/G 10 mg/kg, EA, D/EA/G 2.5 mg/kg, D/EA/G 5 mg/kg, and D/EA/G 10 mg/kg). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin with high-fat diet. At the end of course, blood samples were obtained. Combination therapy of EA and glibenclamide 5 mg/kg decreased blood glucose better than single therapies (p&lt;0.05) and showed 41 percent decrease in blood glucose as compared to D/G 5 mg/kg group. Combination of EA and glibenclamide 10 mg/kg showed the best effect for decreasing the malondialdehyde level (p&lt;0.05) and also showed 43 percent decrease in comparison to D/G 10 mg/kg group. Combination of glibenclamide 2.5 mg/kg and EA increased the FRAP level better than other treatment groups (P&lt;0.001) andachieved the ferric reducing antioxidant power level near to normal range. Combination of glibenclamide 10 mg/kg with EA increased the thiol concentration better than other treatment groups (P&lt;0.001) and showed 4 percent increase in thiol concentration as compared to D/G 10 mg/kg group. These findings suggest that EA potentiates the effect of glibenclamide to protect animal model and maybe human against oxidative stress and damage.

The Effect of Melatonin on Some Coagulation Parameters in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

Bu calismanin amaci streptozotosin ile diyabet olusturulan ratlarda hemostatik parametreler uzerine melatoninin muhtemel koruyucu etkilerinin belirlenmesidir. Bu amacla 32 yetiskin erkek saglikli Wistar Abino rat dort gruba ayrildi. Kontrol grubuna herhangi bir uygulama yapilmadi. Melatonin grubuna 8 hafta boyunca intraperitoneal olarak 50 mg/kg melatonin uygulandi. Diyabet grubunda 40 mg/kg streptozotosinin gunluk tek doz olmak uzere iki gun subkutan enjeksiyonuyla diyabet olusturuldu. Diyabet+Melatonin grubuna streptozotosin uygulanarak diyabet olusturulduktan sonra 8 hafta boyunca intraperitoneal olarak 50 mg/kg melatonin enjekte edildi. Diyabetik ratlarda platelet sayisi ve fibrinojen seviyesi kontrol grubuna gore onemli oranda artarken (p<0.05), diyabetik ratlara melatonin uygulamasi diyabet grubuna gore fibrinojen duzeyinde azalmaya neden oldu (p<0.05). Deneysel diyabet grubundaki APTT, PT ve INR duzeyleri kontrol grubuna gore onemli bir sekilde azaldi (p<0.05) . Diyabetik ratlara intraperitoneal olarak melatonin uygulamasi ile PT ve INR duzeyleri diyabetik ratlara gore onemli bir sekilde uzadi (p<0.05). Sonuc olarak, bu calismadan elde edilen veriler melatonin uygulamasinin ratlarda diyabetten kaynaklanan prokoagulan durumu kismen duzelttigini gostermektedir.

562 Effect of liraglutide on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat testis

The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus is on rise. Diabetes is associated with changes in testicular tissue and thus affecting reproductive functions. Liraglutide is a glukagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist and stimulates insülin secretion. The present study is the first to investigate the effect of liraglutide on testis histology and reproductive parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Twenty seven mature male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three gropus, i.e, healthy control, diabetic control and liraglutide-treated diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by two doses of streptozocin in a 3 day period (30 mg/kg; i.p). Treatment group was enjected with liraglutide (Novo Nordisk, Denmark) enjections (0.3mg/kg/12 h s.c) for 12 weeks. Animals were anesthetized by ketamine (60mg/kg/i.p) and xylazine (7.5mg/kg/i.p). Serum levels of total testosterone, LH and FSH were analysed by sandwich enzyme immunoasey method. Testicular tissues were dissected out of a whole via midline abdominal incision and underwent to histological analyses. Testicular damage, apoptosis and neovascularisation were also evaluated by VEGF and Bcl-2 using immunohistochemistry methods.

Therapeutic Potential of Pterostilbene and Resveratrol on Biomechanic, Biochemical, and Histological Parameters in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pterostilbene (PTS) (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4′-hydroxystilbene) and resveratrol (RSV) (trans-3,5,4′ trihydroxystilbene) applied at different doses for the treatment of streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods At the end of the 5-week experimental period, the right gastrocnemius muscles of the rats were examined biomechanically, while the left ones were examined histologically. In addition, blood glucose, serum insulin, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were analyzed in blood samples taken from the rats. Results The skeletal muscle isometric contraction forces, which showed a decrease with diabetes, were observed to increase with antioxidant applications. Blood glucose, serum insulin, and MDA levels in diabetic rats approached normal levels after applying PTS. When the electron microscopic images of the rat skeletal muscle were examined, those in the combination treatment group were observed to show a better enhancement in the skeletal muscle morphological structure compared to the other diabetic and treatment groups. Conclusion According to the findings, we suggest that these antioxidant treatments might have good therapeutic nutraceutical potential for some muscle diseases that coexist with diabetes. These treatments should be comprehensively investigated in the future.

Ethyl acetate fraction of Allium hirtifolium improves functional parameters of isolated hearts of diabetic rats

Objective:Allium hirtifolium (Persian shallot) has a hypoglycemic effect on diabetic animals. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the ethyl acetate fraction of Allium hirtifolium on the function of isolated hearts of diabetic rats.Methods:The control and diabetic animals were randomly divided into four groups: saline- or extract-treated controls (n=10 and n=6, respectively) and saline- or extract-treated diabetic rats (n=8 and n=9, respectively), which received normal saline or extract for four weeks by daily gavage. The hearts were perfused according to the Langendorff method. Cardiac function parameters, including left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), heart rate (HR), rate pressure product (RPP; LVDP´HR), and dp/dt were measured.ResultsThe findings of this study showed that in the extract-treated diabetic rats, LVDP (94.5±9.1 mm Hg, mean±SEM), HR (249±15 beats/min), RPP (22732±1246) and +dp/dt (2598±230) at the baseline were significantly higher than those in the saline-treated diabetic animals, (71.5±4.0), (189±6), (13923±984), and (1701±124), respectively. Furthermore, RPP and HR were also significantly higher than the corresponding values obtained in the saline-treated diabetic rats after ischemia.ConclusionBesides blood glucose lowering action, oral administration of the ethyl acetate fraction of Allium hirtifolium significantly improved the baseline and post-ischemic cardiac function parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

HYPOGLYCEMIC AND HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECTS OF PHENOLIC OLIVE TREE EXTRACT IN STREPTOZOTOCIN DIABETIC RATS

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of an olive tree extract with high polyphenols content on blood glucose level and other related parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg bw). 72h after injection, rats with fasting blood glucose higher than 2 g/l were used for the experiments. Olive tree extract was administered for 28 d and blood glucose level was measured every 4 d. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, creatinine, urea, total protein, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, were determined at the end of the experiment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The oral administration of olive tree extract contributes to blood glucose level decreasing in diabetic rats group, which was significantly lower at 4th week compared to the diabetic control rats. Moreover, supplementation by olive tree extract decreased significantly (p&amp;lt;0.05) the values of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, creatinine, urea, total protein, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase resulting from damage caused by streptozotocin treatment. Beside this, significant reduce (p&amp;lt;0.05) in heart disease risk ratio was observed for treated group (4.1±0.14) compared to untreated group (7.64±0.36), which was quite similar to normal rats (4.50±0.36). Studied olive tree extract effects were similar to those of glibenclamide, a well-known antidiabetic drug.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Results herein obtained reveal the hypoglycemic effect of this olive tree extract, suggesting his potential use as a natural antidiabetic agent.&lt;/p&gt;

Hypolipidemic, Hepatoprotective and Renoprotective Effects of Cydonia Oblonga Mill. Fruit in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

Diabetes mellitus is associated with complications in several different systems of the body, and the incidence of diabetes is rapidly increasing worldwide. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Cydonia oblonga Mill. Fruit on lipid profile and some biochemical parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The extract showed anti hyper lipidemic activity as evidenced by significant decreases in serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels along with the elevation of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the diabetic rats. The biochemical liver functional tests were also analyzed and it was shown that serum biomarkers of liver dysfunction, including alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly reduced in aqueous extract of Cydonia oblonga Mill. treated diabetic rats. In addition, our results showed that the oral administration of the extract prevented diabetes-induced increase in serum urea and creatinine levels as the markers of renal dysfunction. In conclusion, the present study indicates that aqueous extract of Cydonia oblonga Mill. Is able to improve some of the symptoms associated with diabetes and possesses hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, and renoprotective effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Effects of crocin and zinc chloride on blood levels of zinc and metabolic and oxidative parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Crocin is one of constituents of saffron and has antioxidant property. Zinc chloride is one of the common compounds of zinc with antioxidant activity. The present study was aimed to investigate separate and combined treatment effects of crocin and zinc chloride on blood levels of zinc and metabolic and oxidative parameters in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) and was confirmed by blood glucose levels higher than 250 mg/dL. After confirmation of diabetes, injections (i.p.) of crocin and zinc chloride were performed for six weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood levels of zinc, glucose, insulin, malodialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured. ‎. Crocin (25 and 50 mg/kg) and zinc chloride (5 mg/kg) significantly recovered the decreased levels of zinc, insulin, and TAC and improved the increased levels of glucose and MDA in STZ-induced diabetic rats. In a combination treatment performed with an ineffective dose of crocin (12.5 mg/kg) and a low dose of zinc chloride (1.25 mg/kg), improving effects were observed on the above-mentioned biochemical parameters.‎. The results indicated that separate and combined treatments with crocin and zinc chloride produced improving effects on the blood levels of zinc, glucose, insulin, MDA and TAC in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Study on the effect of royal jelly on reproductive parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Diabetes mellitus has a variety of structural and functional effects on the male reproductive system. Diabetes results in reduced sperm parameters and libido. The present study aims to investigate the effects of royal jelly (RJ) on reproductive parameters of testosterone and malondialdehyde (MDA) production in diabetic rats. This experimental study was conducted on adult male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into four groups (n=8 per group): control, RJ, diabetic and diabetic treated with RJ. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg body weight (BW) of streptozotocin (STZ). RJ, at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW was given by gavage. The duration of treatment was six weeks. After the treatment period the rats were sacrificed. The testes were weighed and changes in sperm count, motility, viability, deformity, DNA integrity and chromatin quality were analyzed. Serum testosterone and MDA concentrations of testicular tissue were determined. Data were analyzed by oneway ANOVA with p<0.05 as the significant level. STZ-induced diabetes decreased numerous reproductive parameters in rats. Testicular weight, sperm count, motility, viability and serum testosterone levels increased in the diabetic group treated with RJ. There was a significant decrease observed in sperm deformity, DNA integrity, chromatin quality, and tissue MDA levels in diabetic rats treated with RJ compared to the diabetic group (p<0.05). RJ improved reproductive parameters such as testicular weight, sperm count, viability, motility, deformity, DNA integrity, chromatin quality, serum testosterone and testicular tissue MDA levels in diabetic rats.