Cell Parameters Research Articles

Optimization of Cellular Transduction by the HIV-Based Pseudovirus Platform with Pan-Coronavirus Spike Proteins.

Over the past three years, new SARS-CoV-2 variants have continuously emerged, evolving to a point where an immune response against the original vaccine no longer provided optimal protection against these new strains. During this time, high-throughput neutralization assays based on pseudoviruses have become a valuable tool for assessing the efficacy of new vaccines, screening updated vaccine candidates against emerging variants, and testing the efficacy of new therapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies. Lentiviral vectors derived from HIV-1 are popular for developing pseudo and chimeric viruses due to their ease of use, stability, and long-term transgene expression. However, the HIV-based platform has lower transduction rates for pseudotyping coronavirus spike proteins than other pseudovirus platforms, necessitating more optimized methods. As the SARS-CoV-2 virus evolved, we produced over 18 variants of the spike protein for pseudotyping with an HIV-based vector, optimizing experimental parameters for their production and transduction. In this article, we present key parameters that were assessed to improve such technology, including (a) the timing and method of collection of pseudovirus supernatant; (b) the timing of host cell transduction; (c) cell culture media replenishment after pseudovirus adsorption; and (d) the centrifugation (spinoculation) parameters of the host cell+ pseudovirus mix, towards improved transduction. Additionally, we found that, for some pseudoviruses, the addition of a cationic polymer (polybrene) to the culture medium improved the transduction process. These findings were applicable across variant spike pseudoviruses that include not only SARS-CoV-2 variants, but also SARS, MERS, Alpha Coronavirus (NL-63), and bat-like coronaviruses. In summary, we present improvements in transduction efficiency, which can broaden the dynamic range of the pseudovirus titration and neutralization assays.

Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss During Uneventful Cataract Surgery in Hispanics Versus Non-Hispanics.

Limited information exists on the possible effects of ethnicity on corneal endothelial cell parameters and their changes during cataract surgery. Thus, we evaluated corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) and endothelial cell loss (ECL) during surgery for senile cataract in Hispanic and non-Hispanic White adults. This retrospective study included 312 eyes of 227 patients ≥50 years who underwent phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation for senile cataract. Preoperatively and 1 to 2 months after surgery, specular microscopy was performed to measure ECD, coefficient of variation (CV), and hexagonal cell percentage (HEX). Regression analysis was used to compare baseline values as well as surgery-related changes in corneal endothelial cell parameters between Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients considering demographics, biometric parameters, and intraoperative cumulative dissipated energy (CDE). There were 109 Hispanics and 118 non-Hispanics. Anterior chamber depth (ACD) was significantly lower in Hispanics (3.12±0.36 mm) compared with non-Hispanics (3.25±0.37 mm, P=0.009). There were no significant differences in baseline ECD between Hispanics (2,547±365 cells/mm2) and non-Hispanics (2,483±380 cells/mm2, P=0.17). There were also no significant differences in ECL (16.8%±17.0% vs. 17.4%±18.1%, P=0.46), increase in CV (3.8%±20.7% vs. 1.5%±21.6%, P=0.51), and decrease in HEX (-2.7%±8.5% vs. -1.8%±7.0%, P=0.33) between these two groups. Regression analysis showed that ECL was associated with a shallower ACD (P=0.003), a higher CDE (P<0.001), but not with ethnicity (P=0.46). There are no significant differences in ECD and ECL between Hispanics and non-Hispanics undergoing cataract surgery. Although Hispanics have a shallower ACD, the ethnic difference seems to be clinically insignificant.

Improvement of BGO ceramic scintillators through hot‐pressing sintering methodology

AbstractIn the present work, the sintering of bismuth germanate through hot pressing and the improvement of scintillator performance were investigated. The linear shrinkage, crystalline structure, microstructure, transparency degree, and radioluminescence (RL) were studied as functions of the sintering pressure. X‐ray diffraction revealed that the samples were predominantly composed of the Bi4Ge3O12 phase, accompanied by small amounts of Bi12GeO20, with concentrations varying according to the sintering parameters. These concentrations were quantified through Rietveld refinement, which also indicated a tendency for the cell parameters to shrink as the sintering pressure increased. The microstructure of the ceramic pellets produced under varying hot‐pressing parameters was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing that while the grain size was preserved, the porosity and grain boundary thickness were reduced by the hot pressing, forming a quasicontinuum in some areas of the sample. The RL of all the samples exhibited a green color, with a maximum at 540 nm, ascribed to the transitions from the 3P0,1,21P1 excited states to the fundamental 1S0 state of the Bi3+ ions. For samples sintered under a pressure of .18 MPa, the enhancement in the optical transmittance, accompanied by a 61.36% increase in light output at the maximum wavelength, was observed.

Synthesis and physical properties of Sm2PdGe3 in a context of RE2PdGe3 family

In this study, we present the crystallographic and magnetic characterization of a new intermetallic compound Sm2PdGe3, which was synthetized by a two stage method employing an eutectic alloy. The investigations carried out exhibited, that Sm2PdGe3 crystallize in AlB2-type structure with lattice parameters a = 4.2189(1) Å and c = 4.1031(2) Å. This compound can be classified as a cluster-glass with a spin freezing temperature Tf = 10.5 K. Furthermore, there were carried out the analysis of the role of the rare earth (RE) elements on the structural parameters of RE2PdGe3 and draw a correlation between the RE radius and the unit cell parameters. We show that a deviation from the ideal 1:3 Pd:Ge ratio is necessary to synthesize RE2PdGe3 with smaller RE elements.

Studies on highly stable Na7Fe3(P2O7)4 as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries and migration behavior of lithium ions

In this paper, Na7Fe3(P2O7)4 target material is firstly evaluated as potential anode material for lithium ion batteries. It is found to have good electro-chemical performance and high stability as anode material for lithium batteries. It shows a capacity of 290 mAh g−1 for 200 cycles and increases to 388 mAh g−1 for 1000 cycles at a current density of 150 mA g−1. The Coulomb efficiency is maintained at about 98 % during the long cycling. The ex-situ experimental results indicate that Na7Fe3(P2O7)4 has high structural stability and the changes of cell volume and cell parameters are <0.62 % during charging and discharging. The results of GITT data show that the diffusion coefficients range from 3.15 × 10−11 cm2 S−1 to 1.12 × 10−12 cm2 S−1.The Li+/Na+ diffusion paths are estimated by the Bond valence-energy landscape (BEL) method and the exact energy barriers and minimal energy paths (MEPs) are determined using the nudged elastic band (NEB) method implemented in density functional theories (DFT). A two dimensional Na+ diffusion network is observed and Na+ diffusion along c-axis is prohibited. For the initial discharge stage, Na+ migrates in the Na+ transportation channel with an energy barrier of 0.48 eV along a-axis and 0.46 eV along b-axis. For the discharge later on, the intercalated Li+ enters the nearby Na+ vacancies and also migrate in the Na+ channel except Li+ at 8f Lid sites, which will stay where it is firstly introduced because of the higher energy barrier of 0.75 eV. The immobility of Lid is one of the important reasons for the irreversible capacity loss after the initial charge/discharge cycle.

Characterization of the Immune-Modulating Properties of Different β-Glucans on Myeloid Dendritic Cells.

In allergen-specific immunotherapy, adjuvants are explored for modulating allergen-specific Th2 immune responses to re-establish clinical tolerance. One promising class of adjuvants are β-glucans, which are naturally derived sugar structures and components of dietary fibers that activate C-type lectin (CLR)-, "Toll"-like receptors (TLRs), and complement receptors (CRs). We characterized the immune-modulating properties of six commercially available β-glucans, using immunological (receptor activation, cytokine secretion, and T cell modulating potential) as well as metabolic parameters (metabolic state) in mouse bone marrow-derived myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs). All tested β-glucans activated the CLR Dectin-1a, whereas TLR2 was predominantly activated by Zymosan. Further, the tested β-glucans differentially induced mDC-derived cytokine secretion and activation of mDC metabolism. Subsequent analyses focusing on Zymosan, Zymosan depleted, β-1,3 glucan, and β-1,3 1,6 glucan revealed robust mDC activation with the upregulation of the cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40), CD80, CD86, and MHCII to different extents. β-glucan-induced cytokine secretion was shown to be, in part, dependent on the activation of the intracellular Dectin-1 adapter molecule Syk. In co-cultures of mDCs with Th2-biased CD4+ T cells isolated from birch allergen Bet v 1 plus aluminum hydroxide (Alum)-sensitized mice, these four β-glucans suppressed allergen-induced IL-5 secretion, while only Zymosan and β-1,3 glucan significantly suppressed allergen-induced interferon gamma (IFNγ) secretion, suggesting the tested β-glucans to have distinct effects on mDC T cell priming capacity. Our experiments indicate that β-glucans have distinct immune-modulating properties, making them interesting adjuvants for future allergy treatment.

Mechanical behavior of dumbbell-type metamaterials constructed with elliptic curves

In this paper, based on the traditional concave ortho-hexagonal honeycomb (CHH), its curvilinear modified design was introduced into the elliptic curve configuration, and a novel dumbbell-shaped honeycomb (DH) was proposed. All specimens were prepared by Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) light-cured 3D printing. The aim of this study is to investigate the deformation and damage behavior and mechanical properties of DH and CHH under in-plane quasi-static uniaxial compression and tension. The effects of variation of the cell parameters semi-major axis length a and semi-minor axis length b on the deformation, damage behavior and mechanical properties of DH have been investigated. The experimental results show that the DH incorporating the elliptical curvilinear design has a reduced internal compressive strength under compression, but the negative Poisson’s ratio property is enhanced, which is 17% higher compared to the CHH, and the tensile strength under tension is reduced compared to the CHH, but the tensile ultimate strain is increased by 25% compared to the CHH. This will help to improve the problem of stress concentration and negative Poisson’s ratio in the process of deformation of conventional structures. Differences in the a and b parameters in the DH structure will have different effects on its deformation-fracture behavior and mechanical properties.

VISION - an open-source software for automated multi-dimensional image analysis of cellular biophysics.

Environment-sensitive probes are frequently used in spectral/multi-channel microscopy to study alterations in cell homeostasis. However, the few open-source packages available for processing of spectral images are limited in scope. Here, we present VISION, a stand-alone software based on Python for spectral analysis with improved applicability. In addition to classical intensity-based analysis, our software can batch-process multidimensional images with an advanced single-cell segmentation capability and apply user-defined mathematical operations on spectra to calculate biophysical and metabolic parameters of single cells. VISION allows for 3D and temporal mapping of properties such as membrane fluidity and mitochondrial potential. We demonstrate the broad applicability of VISION by applying it to study the effect of various drugs on cellular biophysical properties; the correlation between membrane fluidity and mitochondrial potential; protein distribution in cell-cell contacts; and properties of nanodomains in cell-derived vesicles. Together with the code, we provide a graphical user interface for facile adoption.

New Piezoceramic SrBi2Nb2-2xWxSnxO9: Crystal Structure, Microstructure and Dielectric Properties.

By using the method of high-temperature solid-phase reaction, the new piezoceramic SrBi2Nb2-2xWxSnxO9 was obtained, where partial substitution of niobium (Nb) atoms with Sn4+ and W6+ atoms in the compound SrBi2Nb2O9 occurred in the octahedra of the perovskite layer (B-position). X-ray diffraction investigations showed that these compounds are single-phase SrBi2Nb2-2xWxSnxO9 (x = 0.1, 0.2) and two-phase SrBi2Nb2-2xWxSnxO9 (x = 0.3, 0.4), but all of them had the structure of Aurivillius-Smolensky phases (ASPs) with close parameters of orthorhombic unit cells. It corresponded to the space group A21am. The temperature dependences of the relative permittivity ε/ε0 and the tangent of the dielectric loss angle tan d were defined at various frequencies. It was found that doping SrBi2Nb2-2xWxSnxO9 (x = 0.1) improved the electrophysical properties of the compound: losses decreased, and the relative permittivity increased. This result was obtained for the first time. Moreover, a new result was obtained that indicated an improvement in the electrophysical properties of SrBi2Nb2O9 using the chemical element Sn (tin). This refutes the previously existing opinion about the impossibility to use Sn as a doping element.

Parameter extraction of proton exchange membrane fuel cell based on artificial rabbits’ optimization algorithm and conducting laboratory tests

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) parameter extraction is an important issue in modeling and control of renewable energies. The PEMFC problem’s main objective is to estimate the optimal value of unknown parameters of the electrochemical model. The main objective function of the optimization problem is the sum of the square errors between the measured voltages and output voltages of the proposed electrochemical optimized model at various loading conditions. Natural rabbit survival strategies such as detour foraging and random hiding are influenced by Artificial rabbit optimization (ARO). Meanwhile, rabbit energy shrink is mimicked to control the smooth switching from detour foraging to random hiding. In this work, the ARO algorithm is proposed to find the parameters of PEMFC. The ARO performance is verified using experimental results obtained from conducting laboratory tests on the fuel cell test system (SCRIBNER 850e, LLC). The simulation results are assessed with four competitive algorithms: Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimizer, Salp Swarm Algorithm, and Sine Cosine Algorithm. The comparison aims to prove the superior performance of the proposed ARO compared with the other well-known competitive algorithms.

Low Temperature Sintering Al-B Doped-LLZO for All-Solid-State Lithium Battery

This research synthesizes a double Al-B doped LLZO following a composition of Li7+0.5xLa1.14Al1.43xB0.5xZr2-3xO12-δ through a solid-state reaction. The materials were sintered at a low temperature of 900 °C, giving an advantage in reducing Li loss. The material was analyzed to understand the phase content, the crystal structure and cell parameters, the surface morphology, the impedance, the electrical conductivity, and the activation energy for ionic migration. As a result, the Al-B doped-LLZO with x composition of 0.3 (Li7.15La1.14Al0.429B0.15Zr1.1O12-) and ball milling time of 120 h, LLZBAO(0.3)120 h, provides the highest ionic conductivity of 6.898×10–4 Scm–1 at room temperature, and it increases as the temperature increases confirming activation energy of 0.135 eV. A prototype of LCO-LLZBAO(0.3)120h-Li metal battery was produced and tested to investigate the solid electrolyte performance. A cyclic voltammetry analysis confirms a quasi-reversible reaction involving extraction-insertion of Li ions into LiCoO2. However, the excess capacity and a long plateau at low voltage also indicate the reduced Li+ into zero valent-metal, which is poorly reversible, causing the battery capacity to decrease and become stable after 20 cycles.

Prediction of elastic properties of woven polymer composites using micromechanical models and measured microstructural parameters

Prediction of elastic properties of plain weave composites using two well-known micromechanical models is addressed, along with a dedicated finite element model of the unit cell which includes details of the woven architecture. Predictions of micromechanical models are carried out using geometric input parameters statistically measured from micrographies of the unit cell of the plain weave composite and compared to finite element predictions and to measured elastic properties of an E-glass/vinyl ester plain weave composite. The micromechanical models predict that the width and thickness of the yarn in the fill and warp directions greatly influence the elastic properties and anisotropy of the plain weave composite. Good agreement between all approaches and the measured values is observed for the in-plane elastic properties, as long as the input geometric parameters of the unit cell required for the models are measured with statistical rigor. However, transverse shear moduli are not accurately predicted by the examined micromechanical models, only by the finite element method. Reasons for such discrepancies are discussed and supported by modeling findings and digital image correlation full field strain maps.

Characterization of rear-side potential-induced degradation in bifacial p-PERC solar modules

Bifacial solar modules are increasingly preferred over monofacial modules to maximize the solar power output within a limited space. Owing to their high efficiency and compatibility with existing production lines, bifacial p-type passivated emitter and rear contact (p-PERC) solar modules have dominated the market since their commercialization. This study analyzes the influence of Al2O3, a passivation layer of p-PERC solar cells, on the PID and its underlying mechanism. Experiments were conducted on bifacial p-PERC module samples to analyze their electrical properties. Additionally, cell-like samples were fabricated to measure characteristics, for example, carrier lifetime, that are difficult to assess in full modules. To accelerate module degradation, experiments were conducted at 85 °C and 85 % humidity, while a voltage of −1000 V was applied to investigate the PID phenomenon. The results reveal degradation at the rear of the module caused by polarization effects, which were confirmed through changes in solar cell parameters and recombination current. The proposed mechanism indicates that the degradation in bifacial p-PERC solar modules is caused by the field-effect deterioration of the Al₂O₃ layer caused by alkali ions diffusing from the glass. This is observed through changes in the carrier concentration within Si and the detection of alkali ions within Al2O3. Our analysis considers both module and cell structure samples to delineate the influence of Al2O3 on the PID, which has not been previously reported. This study enhances the understanding of the polarization effect in bifacial p-PERC solar cells, thus contributing to the advancement of solar cell passivation strategies.

Synthesis and characterization of a zinc-triazole coordination complex with potent antimicrobial and anticancer properties

The synthesis, characterization, and biological appraisement of a novel coordination compound [Zn(C4N4H5O)2(H2O)2]Cl have been comprehensively studied. The compound was synthesized using N-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) acetamide and ZnCl2·6H2O, yielding a product characterized by FT-IR, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and single crystal X-ray diffraction. FT-IR spectra confirmed the successful coordination of the ligand to the zinc ion, with significant shifts in characteristic absorption bands such as CO (1685 cm⁻¹), CN (1624 cm⁻¹), and NH (3394 cm⁻¹). Single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the complex crystallized in the monoclinic system with space group P21/c and forms six-membered chelate rings. The unit cell parameters were a = 6.0595(3) Å, b = 14.2956(7) Å, c = 9.4762(4) Å, and β = 93.275(4)°. Thermal analysis showed that the complex undergoes stepwise decomposition with significant mass losses at various temperature intervals, including an overall mass loss of 71.09 % between 200 °C and 885 °C. Molecular docking studies indicated strong interactions between the [Zn(C4N4H5O)2(H2O)2]Cl complex and the 6QF6 cancer-related protein antigen A4, with low binding energy values (-9.32 to -8.44 kcal/mol) suggesting high binding affinity and potential biological activity. In vitro antimicrobial screening against several pathogenic microorganisms, viz. both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, demonstrated that the [Zn(C4N4H5O)2(H2O)2]Cl complex exhibited superior antibacterial activity, with inhibition zone diameters of 15.3 ± 0.47 mm for Bacillus subtilis and 24.17±0.56 mm for Agrobacterium tumefaciens, compared to N-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) acetamide alone and some standard antibiotics. These findings highlight the [Zn(C4N4H5O)2(H2O)2]Cl complex as a promising candidate for developing new antimicrobial and anticancer agents, providing a foundation for further research and potential therapeutic applications.

Structure and Intercalation of Cysteine-Asparagine-Serine Peptide into Montmorillonite as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent Preparation-A DFT Study.

Peptides are receiving significant attention in pharmaceutical sciences due to their applications as anti-inflammatory drugs; however, many aspects of their interactions and mechanisms at the molecular level are not well-known. This work explores the molecular structure of two peptides-(i) cysteine (Cys)-asparagine (Asn)-serine (Ser) (CNS) as a molecule in the gas phase and solvated in water in zwitterion form, and (ii) the crystal structure of the dipeptide serine-asparagine (SN), a reliable peptide indication whose experimental cell parameters are well known. A search was performed by means of atomistic calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). These calculations matched the experimental crystal structure of SN, validating the CNS results and useful for assignments of our experimental spectroscopic IR bands. Our calculations also explore the intercalation of CNS into the interlayer space of montmorillonite (MNT). Our quantum mechanical calculations show that the conformations of these peptides change significantly during intercalation into the confined interlayer space of MNT. This intercalation is energetically favorable, indicating that this process can be a useful preparation for therapeutic anti-inflammatory applications and showing high stability and controlled release processes.

The Non-Centrosymmetric Borate Hydride Sr4Ba3(BO3)3.83H2.5.

Sr4Ba3(BO3)3.83H2.5, as the second compound to combine borate and hydride ions, has been synthesized by a mechanochemical synthesis route. The structure has been elucidated by synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction and determined to crystallize in the non-centrosymmetric space group P63mc (186) with the cell parameters a=10.87762(15) Å and c=6.98061(11) Å. A detailed investigation of the compound by vibrational spectroscopy in combination with Density Functional Theory calculations reveals the disordered nature of the structure and proves the presence of both borate and hydride ions. Electronic band structure calculations predict a large band gap of 7.1 eV. Hydride states are predicted at the topmost valence band, which agrees well with earlier reported heteroanionic hydrides. We hereby were able to successfully apply previously synthetic and analytical schemes to introduce another member of the rare compounds that contain complex oxoanions simultaneously with hydride ions.

Determination of the structure of weakly ordered films according to x-ray diffraction data

A method for searching for parameters of structural models of weakly ordered thin films based on X-ray diffraction data containing a small number of reflexes is proposed. The developed method makes it possible to narrow down the number of possible structural models, despite the small number of interference maxima, determine the parameters of possible elementary cells and index the corresponding peaks on diffractograms. It is shown how the use of a priori data makes it possible to obtain physically adequate solutions. The method of determining structural parameters is demonstrated by analyzing an experimental curve containing only 3 diffraction peaks (maxima). The corresponding search algorithms are implemented within the framework of the analytical software package BARD (Basic Analisys of xRay Diffraction).

Multidimensional Rietveld refinement of high-pressure neutron diffraction data of PbNCN.

High-pressure neutron powder diffraction data from PbNCN were collected on the high-pressure diffraction beamline SNAP located at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Tennessee, USA). The diffraction data were analyzed using the novel method of multidimensional (two dimensions for now, potentially more in the future) Rietveld refinement and, for comparison, employing the conventional Rietveld method. To achieve two-dimensional analysis, a detailed description of the SNAP instrument characteristics was created, serving as an instrument parameter file, and then yielding both cell and spatial parameters as refined under pressure for the first time for solid-state cyanamides/carbodi-imides. The bulk modulus B 0 = 25.1 (15) GPa and its derivative B'0 = 11.1 (8) were extracted for PbNCN following the Vinet equation of state. Surprisingly, an internal transition was observed beyond 2.0 (2) GPa, resulting from switching the bond multiplicities (and bending direction) of the NCN2- complex anion. The results were corroborated using electronic structure calculation from first principles, highlighting both local structural and chemical bonding details.

Early prediction of platelet recovery with immature platelet fraction in patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is pivotal in treating hematologic disorders, yet it poses the risk of post-transplantation pancytopenia. Prophylactic platelet transfusions are often administered to mitigate this risk. Utilizing practical markers, such as immature platelet fraction (IPF), to predict hematopoietic recovery in advance could reduce unnecessary prophylactic transfusions. Our prospective study, involving 53 HSCT patients at Taipei Veterans General Hospital between September 2022 and May 2023, utilized the Sysmex XN analyzer to assess peripheral blood cell parameters. We investigated whether IPF could predict platelet recovery early, determined the optimal cut-off value, and compared platelet usage. Neutrophil and platelet engraftment occurred 10 (median; range: 10-12) and 15 (median; range: 15-18) days post-HSCT. Notably, 71.7% of patients exhibited an IPF increase exceeding 2% before platelet recovery. The optimal cut-off IPF on day 10 for predicting platelet recovery within five days was 2.15% (specificity 0.89, sensitivity 0.65). On average, patients received 3.89 units of post-transplantation platelet transfusion. Our results indicate that IPF serves as a predictive marker for platelet engraftment, peaking before the increase in platelet count. This insight aids clinicians in assessing the need for prophylactic platelet transfusions. Integrating reference IPF values alongside platelet counts enhances the accuracy of evaluating a patient's hematopoietic recovery status. Anticipating the timing of platelet recovery optimizes blood product usage and mitigates transfusion reaction risks.

Numerical Investigation on Dynamic Response of Carbon Fiber Honeycomb Sandwich Panels Subject to Underwater Impact Load

This study investigates the dynamic response and failure mechanisms of carbon fiber honeycomb sandwich structures under underwater impact loads using finite element numerical simulation. The geometric modeling was performed using HyperMesh, and the dynamic response simulations were carried out in ABAQUS, focusing on honeycomb core configurations with varying edge lengths, heights, and gradient forms. The Hashin damage model was employed to describe the damage evolution of the composite materials. The simulation results revealed that the dynamic response was significantly influenced by the initial shock wave pressure and the geometrical parameters of the honeycomb cells. Larger cell-edge lengths and heights generally resulted in improved energy absorption and reduced rear panel displacement. Among the different configurations, interlayer gradient honeycomb structures demonstrated superior impact resistance compared to homogeneous and in-plane gradient structures, particularly under higher initial shock wave pressures. These findings contribute to optimizing the design of carbon fiber honeycomb sandwich structures for enhanced impact resistance in relevant applications.