Deviations Of Parameters Research Articles

Morphometric characteristics of the weasel (Mustela nivalis L.) in the light of literature data

There is relatively little data available on the morphometrics of the weasel, so in the present study, we attempt to summarise the main characteristics that have been reported from European studies concerning the foretype of Mustela nivalis. Accordingly, we have summarised the body size and cranial morphology data reported in 22 studies from 18 countries. We included the mean and extreme values of these parameters, as known from the literature. The fact that in many cases, even the easy-to-record body parameters are not given (EL is missing in most cases, followed by HFL, BW, and BL) makes it very difficult to compare and evaluate them together. The same can be said for some parameters of the skull (BcB, EctB, BcH, among others). When comparing the literature data, we found that there was a significant deviation for some morphological parameters, despite the fact that the measurement followed the conventional methodology both in terms of recording sites and the instruments used for the measurement. This great deviation may be partly explained by the lack of knowledge of age and sex and the small number of elements. Morphometric variation between subspecies can be very significant, so subspecies affiliation is not an irrelevant factor in the comparative analysis of results from different countries. Based on the findings of the relevant literature summarised as the basis for the morphometric study we have compiled and presented here, the analysis of morphometric data is missing at the European scale as well, as there are only a few studies in the international literature that evaluate the sample by age and sex, based on representative element numbers, and in Hungary, no such work has been done.

Air movement processes in living rooms with windowsill supply air valves

The main issue highlighted in the given paper is deviation of microclimate parameters from regulatory values due to improper distribution of air flows in living rooms of blocks of flats. The present work is aimed at obtaining a working mathematical model of natural ventilation system operation, and its further studying for optimization or modernization. The analysis of regulatory documents, research works of national and foreign scientists, developments in the field of natural ventilation and ventilation of residential buildings in general, as well as specific field experiments describing or mentioning similar problems has been carried out. The author’s mathematical model of air exchange in the living room has been presented and analyzed. The boundary conditions in the mathematical model were set as air flow rate and air temperature, and the temperature on the surface of the heater. The features and patterns of air flow distribution inside the room were determined, obtained as a result of mathematical modeling. The distributions of air velocity in the volume of the room were given. Similar problems were indicated for premises of residential buildings of a different functional purpose. Amendments to the existing standards, as well as technical solutions were proposed.

Modeling of the error determination in accepting financial decisions in conditions of uncertainty

The article presents the modeling mechanism of the error determination when making financial decisions in conditions of uncertainty and risk. Researched modeling is based on using the assessing of the diagnosed level of enterprises' economic security with help of mathematical description and calculations of probability transitions matrix and using the research method, the method of direct and reverse interpolation, averaging, statistical and index method, root mean square error method, simulation modeling, probability theory method, matrix method, etc. It has been studied that the most difficult is the process of modeling financial decision-making in conditions of uncertainty, since due to various types of risk there is a high threat of insufficiency or inaccuracy of information that distorts technical calculations, the indicator of which is real financial costs and timely detection of permissible and unacceptable deviations of parameters.

Complex-Valued Sliding-Mode Control for DFIG Synchronization to Non-Ideal Grids*

Even if the electrical grid is subject to constrained disturbances, doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbines should be able to synchronize their stator voltage with that of the grid to ensure a smooth connection to the electric power system. In order to face the synchronization task under simultaneously unbalanced and harmonically distorted grid voltages, a complex-valued sliding-mode control (SMC) algorithm, naturally chatter-free and phase-locked loop (PLL)-independent, is proposed. By accomplishing a stationary reference frame-based design, decomposition into positive- and negative-sequences and harmonic components is not required. The finite-time convergence of such algorithm is analytically demonstrated when subject to both parametric and unmodeled uncertainties, as well as disturbances. Simulation over a 2-MW DFIG model has been carried out in order to validate the performance and robustness of the suggested control structure under unbalanced and harmonically distorted grid voltage, variable speed wind profile, substantial parameter deviations and grid frequency variation.

Suppress of effects in steady state of disturbance and parameter deviations of generalised minimum variance control

Suppress of effects in steady state of disturbance and parameter deviations of generalised minimum variance control

ECONOMIC AND TECHNICAL ADVANTAGES OF REDUCTION METHOD FOR PARAMETRIC DEVIATIONS DUE TO TECHNOLOGICAL IMPERFECTION IN COMPARATOR

Nowadays devices sizes in integrated circuits (IC) have reached up to 2nm [1]. In this case, the parameters characterizing the reliability and speed of the circuits, even in the case of small deviations of the technological processes, may violate to an unacceptable extent their characteristic values [2]. Such deviations may be caused by random technological imperfections. The modeling of the deviations described above is done by Monte-Carlo analysis [3]. Parametric deviations due to technological imperfections were considered and minimized on the example of the comparator [4], because one of the main disadvantages of this scheme is the dependence of its characteristic values on deviations caused by the technological process imperfections. The proposed comparator scheme makes it possible to minimize the effect of deviations caused by the imperfection of the technological process without significant surface changes on the semiconductor crystal. By using the scheme of the proposed comparator, it was possible to reduce the hysteresis deviations from 31.11% to 5.21%. The proposed comparator scheme requires an additional 19% space against the existing scheme.

Motion control of photovoltaic module dust cleaning robotic arm based on model predictive control

Carbon neutralization has become a global consensus for green development, and solar photovoltaic power generation has become one of the key technologies for carbon reduction. The presence of dust on a photovoltaic module affects power generation, so the trajectory tracking control of dust removal robotic arm for photovoltaic modules is of great significance for improving power generation efficiency. In this study, a composite trajectory tracking strategy based on model predictive control is designed to track the desired angle of each joint, which is the control objective for the trajectory tracking of the photovoltaic module's dust cleaning robotic arm. The control strategy consists of a model predictive controller and a disturbance observer. Firstly, when there is no external disturbance acting on the system, and the robotic arm model is accurate, the trajectory tracking prediction optimization problem is constructed, and an error feedback correction mechanism is introduced so that the dust cleaning robotic arm tracks the desired trajectory asymptotically. Secondly, when there are model parameter deviations, system time variation, external disturbances, or other uncertain factors, a composite control strategy is established by combining the disturbance observer and model predictive control to compensate for the effects of disturbances through feedback, thus improving the stability and accuracy of the robotic arm control system. Finally, the feasibility of the composite control tracking strategy is verified by numerical simulation. The results show that the designed predictive controller has high error control accuracy and fast solution speed, and it can realize real-time and robust trajectory tracking of the robotic arm with a constrained dust cleaning assembly.

Suppress of effects in steady state of disturbance and parameter deviations of generalised minimum variance control

Suppress of effects in steady state of disturbance and parameter deviations of generalised minimum variance control

The Acquisition of Principles and Parameters by Children Learning Urdu

The present study attempts to explore the parameters and principles set by children while acquiring Urdu. Learning a language involves the acquisition of lexical as well as syntactic knowledge. The objectives of the study were to find out the parametric setting and wh-parameters used by the children while learning Urdu. Principles and parameters theory of Chomsky advocates that language learning involves learning lexical items and syntactic knowledge which is basic knowledge of putting words together in a sentence. The utterances of a child of 24 months were recorded for four months and analyzed using the theoretical framework of Principles and Parameters presented by Chomsky. The analysis of the data focused on null subjects, word order variation, wh parameter, and head position parameter. The study found that children set the parameters quite early on in life and follow them consistently. The present study did not find any evident deviation or miss-setting of parameters. This research recommends to exploring the gender variation in parametric settings using a large sample.

Effect of deviation of welding parameters on mechanical properties of X80 steel girth weld

Tensile tests were carried out on X80 steel girth welds with four different parameters (no deviation of welding parameters, inadequate number of welding layers, inadequate preheating temperature and inadequate interpass temperature) under automatic welding technology. The strain distribution behavior, strain hardening law and the influence of welding parameter deviation on mechanical properties were studied during tensile deformation. The results show that the strain localization occurs at the interface of the weld filler layer when the preheating temperature of the weld is inadequate and the interpass temperature of the weld is inadequate, and the strain localization occurs at the maximum thickness of the filler layer when the number of welding layers is inadequate. The deviation of welding parameters significantly reduces the strength of girth weld. The yield strength and tensile strength are the lowest when the interpass temperature is inadequate. When the interpass temperature is inadequate, the strain hardening ability deteriorates rapidly. When there is no deviation of welding parameters, the fracture is dimple shaped, which is typical ductile fracture. When the welding parameters deviate, the fracture of the girth weld is a mixed fracture of toughness and brittleness; When the number of welding layers is inadequate, it is mainly brittle fracture; When preheating temperature and interpass temperature are inadequate, ductile fracture is the main mechanism.

Magnetic structure and spin dynamics of the quasi-two-dimensional antiferromagnet Zn-doped copper pyrovanadate

Magnetic properties of the antiferromagnet Zn$_{0.15}$Cu$_{1.85}$V$_2$O$_7$ (ZnCVO) have been thoroughly investigated on powder and single-crystal samples. The crystal structure determination using powder x-ray and neutron diffraction confirms that ZnCVO with Zn = 0.15 is isostructural with $\beta$-Cu$_{2}$V$_2$O$_7$ ($\beta$-CVO) with small deviation in the lattice parameters. Macroscopic magnetic properties measurements also confirm the similarity between the two compounds. The Cu$^{2+}$ spins were found to align along the crystallographic $c$-axis, antiparallel to their nearest neighbors connected by the leading exchange interaction $J_1$. Spin dynamics reveals a typical symmetric spin-wave dispersion with strong interactions in the $bc$-plane and weak interplane coupling. The exchange interaction analysis indicates that the spin network of ZnCVO is topologically consistent with the previous DFT prediction but the values of leading exchange interactions are contradictory. Furthermore, rather than the predicted 2D honeycomb structure, the spin network in ZnCVO could be better described by the anisotropic 2D spin network composing of $J_1$, $J_5$, and $J_6$ interactions, four bonds per one spin site, coupled by weak interplane interactions.

Rapid yield optimization of miniaturized microwave passives by response features and variable-fidelity EM simulations

The operation of high-frequency devices, including microwave passive components, can be impaired by fabrication tolerances but also incomplete knowledge concerning operating conditions (temperature, input power levels) and material parameters (e.g., substrate permittivity). Although the accuracy of manufacturing processes is always limited, the effects of parameter deviations can be accounted for in advance at the design phase through optimization of suitably selected statistical performance figures. Perhaps the most popular one is the yield, which provides a straightforward assessment of the likelihood of fulfilling performance conditions imposed upon the system given the assumed deviations of designable parameters. The latter are typically quantified by means of probability distributions pertinent to the fabrication process. The fundamental obstacle of the yield-driven design is its high computational cost. The primary mitigation approach nowadays is the employment of surrogate modeling methods. Yet, a construction of reliable metamodels becomes problematic for systems featuring a large number of degrees of freedom. Our work proposes a technique for fast yield optimization of microwave passives, which relies on response feature technology as well as variable-fidelity simulation models. Utilization of response features enables efficient handling of issues related to the system response nonlinearities. Meanwhile, the incorporation of variable-resolution simulations allows for accelerating the yield estimation process, which translates into remarkably low overall cost of the optimizing the yield. Our approach is verified with the use of three microstrip couplers. Comprehensive benchmarking demonstrates its superiority in terms of computational efficiency over the state-of-the-art algorithms, whereas reliability is corroborated by electromagnetic-driven Monte Carlo simulations.

Induction Motors Technical Condition In-Service Testing Methods

The article describes methods for in-service diagnostics of the technical condition of induction motors, which are the most widely used type of electromechanical systems. By now, a large number of various studies on this matter have been published. It is stated that the accomplished studies implement an "external" approach to solving the problem, which consists in deriving a diagnostic conclusion based on an analysis of changes in the electric motor external characteristics in one of its operation modes. In addition, these studies are based on two-dimensional models of the classical theory of electrical machines, which does not allow them to adequately reflect situations of multidimensional distribution of electromagnetic quantities in a vector space. These circumstances generated the need to develop more advanced diagnostic methods, called topological ones. Topological diagnostics methods are theoretically substantiated based on the ideas about the IM multidimensional vector space. It is shown that the parametric properties of the vector space and first of all of its working area, have a key influence on the electromechanical energy conversion efficiency. Two methods for testing different areas of the vector space are outlined. In the first case, the space working area is tested for parametric uniformity and operational stability. The results of three experiments provide unbiased and sufficient information about the degree of its homogeneity, about the changes that have occurred during the operation, and about their rates. The testing makes it possible to draw well-grounded conclusions about the electric motor active part technical condition and the degree of its criticality. In the second case, the vector space phase coordinates are tested for parametric uniformity and operational stability. The results presented testify that the proposed testing scheme is sensitive to phase parameter deviations. This is facilitated by the differential principle of its construction. The signal in a short-circuited phase, which appears in the case of a parametric phase imbalance, serves as its clear indicator. The presented mathematical modeling data confirm the efficiency of the proposed testing methods.

Assessment of Characteristics of Imaging Biomarkers for Quantifying Anterior Cingulate Cortex Changes: A Twin Study of Middle- to Advanced-Aged Populations in East Asia.

Background and Objectives: Our aim was to assess genetic and environmental effects on surface morphological parameters for quantifying anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) changes in middle- to advanced-age East Asians using twin analysis. Materials and Methods: Normal twins over 39 years old comprising 37 monozygotic pairs and 17 dizygotic pairs underwent 3-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted imaging of the brain at 3T. Freesurfer-derived ACC parameters including thickness, standard deviation of thickness (STDthickness), volume, surface area, and sulcal morphological parameters (folding, mean, and Gaussian curvatures) were calculated from 3D T1-weighted volume images. Twin analysis with a model involving phenotype variance components of additive genetic effects (A), common environmental effects (C), and unique environmental effects (E) was performed to assess the magnitude of each genetic and environmental influence on parameters. Results: Most parameters fit best with an AE model. Both thickness (A: left 0.73/right 0.71) and surface area (A: left 0.63/right 0.71) were highly heritable. STDthickness was low to moderately heritable (A: left 0.48/right 0.29). Volume was moderately heritable (A: left 0.37). Folding was low to moderately heritable (A: left 0.44/right 0.28). Mean curvature (A: left 0.37/right 0.65) and Gaussian curvature (A: right 0.79) were moderately to highly heritable. Right volume and left Gaussian curvature fit best with a CE model, indicating a relatively weak contribution of genetic factors to these parameters. Conclusions: When assessing ACC changes in middle- to advanced-age East Asians, one must keep in mind that thickness and surface area appear to be strongly affected by genetic factors, whereas sulcal morphological parameters tend to involve environmental factors.

Systematic In-Silico Evaluation of the Diagnostic Impact of Mpox Genome Variants in the Current Outbreak.

The rapid rate at which the current mpox virus outbreak has spread across the globe has led the World Health Organization to declare it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Polymerase chain reaction-based methods are one of the cornerstones for effective molecular detection of viruses including mpox virus. Genetic variants in primer binding sites are known to impact the efficiency of polymerase chain reaction and therefore diagnosis.Here we have analyzed the genetic variants and their impact on efficient binding of oligonucleotides used in diagnostics. In this study, we have systematically collected primers and probes used in the detection of mpox virus from published literature and public resources, and assessed the impact of primer binding region genetic variants in the detection of mpox virus by analysing the thermodynamic parameters, Gibbs free energy and melting temperature. These were calculated using the nearest neighbour method for variants in mpox virus genomes available and the deviation in parameters was computed with respect to the reference genome sequence. We have identified 170 genetic variations that fall within the oligo binding region in 1176 mpox virus genomes out of which five oligos showed at least a 2°C decrease in melting temperature, which could potentially affect the diagnostic efficacy. Our analysis shows the importance of continuous monitoring of mpox virus detection primer efficacy and provides the list of oligos with potentially reduced detection efficiency in the current mpox virus outbreak.

High-Fidelity Quantum Control by Polychromatic Pulse Trains

We introduce a quantum control technique using polychromatic pulse trains, consisting of pulses with different carrier frequencies, i.e., different detunings with respect to the qubit transition frequency. We derive numerous polychromatic pulse trains, which generate broadband, narrowband, and passband excitation profiles for different target transition probabilities. This makes it possible to create high-fidelity excitation profiles which are either (i)robust to deviations in the experimental parameters, which is attractive for quantum computing, or (ii)more sensitive to such variations, which is attractive for crosstalk elimination and quantum sensing. The method is demonstrated experimentally using one of IBM's superconducting quantum processors, in a very good agreement between theory and experiment. These results demonstrate both the excellent coherence properties of the IBM qubits and the accuracy, robustness, and flexibility of the proposed quantum control technique. They also show that the detuning is a control parameter which is as efficient as the pulse phase that is commonly used in composite pulses. Hence the method opens a variety of perspectives for quantum control in areas where phase manipulation is difficult or inaccurate.

RISKS IDENTIFICATION OF THE GEOTECHNICAL SYSTEM STABILITY LOSS DUE TO GEOMECHANICAL AND HYDROGEOLOGICAL FACTORS

Problem statement. The most dangerous of mining technologies is the construction of workings underground and their maintenance in good condition. Uncontrolled deformations of the rock mass, sudden rock falls, destruction of the lining and blockages of workings are emerged. Personnel injuries from these risk factors, directly related to geomechanical processes, reach half of the total number of victims. Therefore, the issue of risks identifying for geotechnical system stability loss due to geomechanical factor, taking into account the rocks water saturation (a factor that significantly affects the strength properties of rocks) is relevant and serves as the foundation for the development of efficient and safe mining technologies. The purpose of the article. To substantiate methods for risks identifying of the underground workings stability loss due to geomechanical and hydrogeological factors for the mining enterprises conditions. Research results. The potential risk of an emergency situation for each of the geotechnical system elements is proposed to be determined: by the parameters values at the current time, by the parameters deviation amplitude and by the parameters deviation speed from the equilibrium point during the previous period of time. For forecasting the stress-strain state of rocks, the methods of implementing geomechanical models, assessing risks and scenarios of situation development are improved. On the basis of rock deformations monitoring, the risks of longwall support stability loss due to roof collapse were established. To identify the risks arising from the influence of the rocks flooding factor on their strength, and, accordingly, on the mine workings stability, rock samples were studied. It was found that when rocks are watered, the risks increase linearly with an intensity of 0.62...0.71 for mudstones, 0.49...0.58 for siltstones, 0.25...0.37 for sandstones in the depth range of 400 ... 800 m. For automated safety systems, it is proposed to process these parameters using fuzzy logic methods. Scientific novelty. The method for risks identifying of the geotechnical system stability loss has been further developed, which is distinguished by: determining regularities of changes in risk indicators of the controlled object dangerous state by a statistically significant number of geomechanical and hydrogeological parameters of monitoring previous events or by trends and forecasts of further events; using fuzzy logic models that take into account the parameters deviations of each geotechnical system elements and the rate of change for these deviations over a period of time. Conclusions. The obtained dependencies determine the input conditions for identifying of the flooded rock massif stability and creating technologies for mine workings support. The investigations made it possible to answer a number of previously unresolved problems associated with the risks of the mine workings stability loss, to ensure higher efficiency and mining operations safety.

ESTIMATION OF VARIATION OF BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF COVID-NEGATIVE NEONATES BORN OF COVID INFECTED MOTHERS

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak of COVID-19 as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on January 30, 2020. Due to the sudden incidence and high pathogenicity, there is little knowledge about the risk of infection by the virus to pregnant women and parturient. The issues pertaining to transplacental transfer and also there is lack of clarity on potential complications of SARS-CoV-2 coagulopathy.The report about the inuence of COVID-19 on pregnant women and their babies is very limited . Moreover, it is not clear the effects covid infected mothers (anytime in the 2nd or 3rd trimester of the gestational period) will have on the physiological status of the infants who themselves have not been infected by Covid-19. This study has been designed to assess any difference or deviation in the biochemical parameters of a COVID negative infant of a COVID infected mother during any time of her pregnancy from the values usually observed from the study of biochemical parameters of a neonate born of non-COVID infected mother based on history taking and checking of reports for RTPCR and Rapid Antigens Test for COVID 19. At the initial level the study population was distributed into two groups of 50 mothers each, 1st group consisted of mothers infected by COVID 19 and 2nd group consisted of mothers not infected by COVID 19 during pregnancy. The neonatal biochemical parameters were evaluated based on the data gathered from cord blood sample analyses. The primary objective for conducting this study will be to estimate the incidence of any altered amount of D-dimer, Procalcitonin, CRP, ALT, AST, ALP, Direct bilirubin, Indirect Bilirubin, PT/INR in non-covid infants born of covid mothers versus non-covid infants born of non-covid mothers. This study found that the neonates who were COVID negative despite having COVID infected mothers did not have any stark variation in the values of biochemical parameters as compared to the control neonates of this study group. However, since COVID is a relatively new disease with little knowledge about its consequences the maternal COVID status may have an impact on neonatal health in the long run. So, as far as possible the regular periodic health check up and screening of the aforementioned biochemical parameters of these neonates should be followed consistently.

Study of Ni/AlN/Ni waveguide system for 8.05 keV incident energy

Ni/AlN/Ni waveguide system provides intensity enhancement by a factor of ~30 at 8.05 keV photon energy. In the present study, the effect of deviation of structural parameters (thickness of each layer) along with the surface-interface properties on electric field intensity (EFI) inside an ion beam sputter deposited Ni/AlN/Ni waveguide is investigated. EFI calculations are performed using structural parameters obtained from X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements performed using Cu-Kα source. Deposited waveguide structure provides intensity enhancement (~26) slightly lower than optimized value (~30). Furthermore, temporal stability of the structure is investigated using combined XRR and grazing incidence X-ray fluorescence (GIXRF) techniques (at 15 keV photon energy) after about 15 months. Some structural changes are observed which, however, do not lead to further decrease in intensity enhancement inside the waveguide, making it suitable for applications at 8.05 keV photon energy.

A New Type of Three-Phase Asymmetric-LCL Power Filter for Grid-Tied Voltage Source Inverter With Step-Up Transformer

Power filters have been widely used to suppress switching harmonics caused by the modulation of grid-connected inverters. In order to save the total inductance and cost and reduce the volume, different power filters were proposed for the three-phase three-wire grid-connected voltage source inverter. However, in industrial applications, due to the consideration of production cost, the difficulties caused by the deviation of actual parameters have to be addressed. In this article, we propose a new three-phase three-wire power filter with a simple structure, almost the smallest total inductance, and strong resistance to the adverse effects of parameter shifts. The parameters of the proposed filter and the design of the grid-connected system controller are introduced in detail. When studying the influence of parameter offset, a comparison between different types of notch power filters is also given. Simulation and experimental results on a 380 V/50 Hz/6 kW three-phase inverter prototype verify the performance of the proposed power filter.