Surface Parameters Research Articles

Lubrication, Friction and Wear Characteristics of Textured Surface Slipper Pairs in Axial Piston Pumps

The study investigates the impact of textured surface parameters and pump operating parameters on the friction performance of slipper pairs in axial piston pumps. The orthogonal experimental scheme was developed, and the influence of several factors was explored, such as rotational speed, area ratio, micro-pit shape, diameter, depth-to-diameter ratio and film thickness. Optimal dimension combinations of the micro-pit were identified by numerical simulation and standard pin–disk friction experiment. In the pin–disk friction pair test, the friction coefficient of the textured surface compared to the smooth surface showed a maximum average friction reduction rate of 26.974%. Under various pump pressures (4, 8, 12 MPa) and pump displacements (10, 20, 35 L/min), the friction reduction rates of the textured surface slipper pairs (texture diameter 500 µm, depth 250 µm, area ratio 20%) ranged from 0.78% to 18.13%. The study underscores the importance of surface texture in enhancing the operational efficiency and reliability of axial piston pumps, offering valuable insights for the design and maintenance of hydraulic pumps.

Relationship Between Electrical Parameters and Cardiac Synchrony in Patients Underwent Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing.

The study aims to assess cardiac synchrony under different left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) and evaluate the relationship between different surface or intracardiac electrical parameters and mechanical synchrony. Eighty-two patients with successful LBBAP were recruited. The electrical synchrony, evaluated by paced QRS duration (pQRSD) and Stim-LVAT (stimulus to left ventricular activation time), and mechanical synchrony, evaluated by thestandard deviation of the time-to-peak contraction velocity in 12 left ventricular segments (Tsd-12-LV), were compared between groups in patients underwent LBBAP. To investigate the relationship between different electrical parameters with mechanical synchrony under LBBAP, patients were divided into subgroups according to left ventricular activation time (LVAT, < 60, 60-70, and > 70ms), presence of left bundle branch (LBB) potential (positive, negative), QRS axis (normal, left axis deviation [LAD]), and potential to ventricular interval (PVI, < 20 and > 20ms). Mechanical synchrony was compared among the subgroups respectively 3 days post LBBAP procedure. No statistically significant differences were documented in electrical synchrony, evaluated by pQRSD, and mechanical synchrony, evaluated by Tsd-12-LV among the subgroups divided by the stim-LVAT, LBB potential, PVI duration, or paced QRS axis in the LBBAP group. LBB potential, PVI, or normal paced QRS axis is not the prerequisite for successful LBBAP and optimal cardiac synchrony. Adopting a Stim-LVAT value of less than 75ms to attain ideal electrical and mechanical synchrony during theLBBAP procedure may be applicable. http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx. gov identifier: ChiCTR1800021104.

მეცნიერები ხახუნზე და შედეგების რეალიზაციის დონე

The article presents the main indicators of friction drives of belt conveyors: traction coefficient, operating parameters of contact surfaces, drive service life, etc. Troubles of design, improvement of manufacturing and production, which are objective with by many design, production and operating companies in many countries. According to the currently available data analysis, the need to increase the thraction factor (maximum = 40) and performance capabilities have not yet been exhausted, especially since the friction coefficient in vacuum is high and at the same time stable to rheological conditions; Based on this, the possibility of obtaining a high thraction factor ( ) using a vacuum drive independent of rheological conditions is being investigated.

Investigation into the swelling and dissolution behaviour of Polymer-Excipient blends of PEO Utilising dissolution imaging

The use of dissolution imaging in analysing the behaviourof hydrophilic matrices and various types of excipients is examined in this study.The main aim was to investigate how different ratios of excipients with different solubility properties, such as lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, and dicalcium phosphate impact on the swelling properties and propranolol hydrochloride (PPN) release characteristics of polyethylene oxide matrix compacts. The surface properties of the compacts were investigated using a focus variation microscope after which dissolution studies were conducted to determine compact swelling and drug release properties. Smr2, a surface parameter representing the percentage of deeper valley structures on the surface, was used to calculate the proportion of the compact surface available for retaining lubrication (dissolution media in this case). Smr2 values of 83 and 84 were measured for the 1:1 and 1:3 PEO lactose compacts, respectively. This parameter utilised in this experiment gives an indication of the compact surface available for the initial hydration process and suggests a higher rate of hydration for the 1:1 and 1:3 PEO lactose compacts. The swelling studies revealed that a higher PEO ratio (3:1) resulted in more extensive gel layer formation as compared to the 1:3 compacts. All PEO:excipient compacts exhibited faster drug release than the compacts comprising PEO as the sole excipient. The quantity of PEO present was thus crucial in influencing the capacity of the matrix to control the release of PPN. This study underscores the potential for modifying drug release by altering the quantity of the matrix gel-former (PEO in this case) as well as the type or ratio of excipient used. The study also highlights the novelty of using UV dissolution imaging to image and quantify swelling and drug dissolution processes as well as providing qualitative observations such as channel formation which can support formulation optimisation and mechanistic understanding.

A Selective Melatonin 2 Receptor Agonist, IIK7, Relieves Blue Light-Induced Corneal Damage by Modulating the Process of Autophagy and Apoptosis

This study aims to investigate the effect of the selective MT2 receptor agonist, IIK7, on corneal autophagy and apoptosis, aiming to reduce corneal epithelial damage and inflammation from blue light exposure in mice. Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were divided into BL-exposed (BL) and BL-exposed with IIK7 treatment (BL + IIK7 group). Mice underwent blue light exposure (410 nm, 100 J) twice daily with assessments at baseline and on days 3, 7, and 14. Corneal samples were analyzed for MT2 receptor expression, autophagy markers (LC3-II and p62), and apoptosis indicators (BAX expression and TUNEL assay). Then, mice were assigned to normal control, BL, and BL + IIK7. Ocular surface parameters, including corneal fluorescein staining scores, tear volume, and tear film break-up time, were evaluated on days 7 and 14. On day 14, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and CD4+ IFN-γ+ T cells percentages were measured. The BL group exhibited higher LC3-II and p62 expression, while the BL + IIK7 group showed reduced expression (p &lt; 0.05). The TUNEL assay showed reduced apoptosis in the BL + IIK7 group compared to the BL group. ROS levels were lower in the BL + IIK7 group. The BL + IIK7 group showed improved ocular surface parameters, including decreased corneal fluorescein staining and increased tear volume. The percentages of CD4+ IFN-γ+ T cells indicated reduced inflammatory responses in the BL + IIK7 group. The MT2 receptor agonist IIK7 regulates corneal autophagy and apoptosis, reducing corneal epithelial damage and inflammation from blue light exposure.

An Advanced DEM-FEM Method for Herringbone Gear in Shot Peening

Introduction: The complex geometry of herringbone gear can lead to uneven surface strengthening, which affects the overall effect of treatment. Methods: A discrete element model (DEM) of shot peening for herringbone gears was developed, incorporating accurate gear surface parameters to study impact characteristics along the tooth profile. A finite element model (FEM) was created for small local units of the gear surface to calculate the residual stress and roughness. Results: There are a large number of low-velocity shots at the root of the gear, and the closer to the top of the gear, the higher the impact velocity of the shots, but the number of impacts also decreases. The surface roughness Sa near the root of the tooth is the smallest, the Sa at the pitch circle is the largest, and the Sa at the top of the tooth is intermediate. However, the residual stress levels at different positions of the tooth surface are not significantly different. Conclusion: The difference in tooth surface roughness of herringbone gear is the synergistic effect of shot impact velocity and shot frequency, but this synergistic effect has no significant effect on the stress after shot peening.

Influence of the Traverse Speed of the Stylus Tip on Changes in the Areal Texture Parameters of Machined Surfaces

Measurements of areal (3D) surface texture using optical methods are very popular because of the short measurement time compared to the stylus tip technique. However, they are very sensitive to measurement errors. In some cases, optical measurements are not recommended. The stylus measurement method is well known and can be the reference technique for surface texture measurement. The main disadvantage is the long measuring time. This time can be shortened using higher speeds of measurement. The effect of the speed of the measurement of stylus profilometer on changes in surface texture parameters was studied. Fifty surface topographies were measured using the stylus profilometer at speeds 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm/s in the same places. Surfaces after lapping, polishing, grinding, milling, laser texturing, and two-process random surfaces were measured and analyzed. Changes in parameters caused by the increase in the traverse speed depend on the characteristics and parameters of the surfaces. The random surfaces changed more than the deterministic ones. The increase in the traverse speed from 0.5 to 1 mm/s caused small changes in the parameters.

A Novel Normal Contact Stiffness Model of Bi-Fractal Surface Joints

The contact stiffness of the mechanical joint usually becomes the weakest part of the stiffness for the whole machinery equipment, which is one of the important parameters affecting the dynamic characteristics of the engineering machinery. Based on the three-dimensional Weierstrass–Mandelbrot (WM) function, the novel normal contact stiffness model of the joint with the bi-fractal surface is proposed, which comprehensively considers the effects of elastoplastic deformation of asperity and friction factor. The effect of various parameters (fractal dimension, scaling parameter, material parameter, friction factor) on the normal contact stiffness of the joint is analyzed by numerical simulation. The normal contact stiffness of the joint increases with an increase in the fractal dimension, normal load, and material properties and decreases with an increase in the scaling parameter. Meanwhile, the fractal parameters of the equivalent rough surface of the joint are calculated by the structural function method. The experimental results show that when the load is between 14 and 38 N∙m, the error of the model is within 20%. The normal contact stiffness model of the bi-fractal surface joint can provide a theoretical basis for the analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the whole machine at the design stage.

Experimental investigation and numerical analysis of material removal efficiency using abrasive microaggregates in grinding processes of Ti6Al4V

Reducing plastic interactions between abrasive grains and the material being processed improves grinding efficiency and lowers energy consumption. Widening the cutting zone with abrasive grains enhances chip formation and reduces lateral material displacement. This can be achieved by using abrasive microaggregates.The paper presents an experimental analysis of grinding with modified wheels containing abrasive microaggregates. It examines how these microaggregates impact the grinding wheel's surface microgeometry and material removal efficiency. The study measured changes in the number, surface area, volume, and spacing of active contact areas on the grinding wheel active surface. A comparative analysis using the Shos indicator showed that abrasive microaggregates promote the formation of active areas with wide cutting edges perpendicular to the cutting direction.Finite element method simulations confirmed that abrasive microaggregates enhance material removal by widening the micro-cutting zone and increasing lateral resistance, which reduces the formation of flashes along the cutting path. The study also assessed how these surface features impact the roughness of the ground surface. A comparative analysis of roughness parameters showed a statistically significant reduction in surface, volume, hybrid, and functional parameters when using grinding wheels with abrasive microaggregates. This analysis was conducted using bootstrap statistical hypothesis tests.

Improving the Bioactivity and Antibiofilm Properties of Metallic Implant Materials via Controlled Surface Microdeformation.

Although metallic implants provide most of the required properties for bone-related applications, especially orthopedic implants, insufficient osseointegration, which may lead to loosening of the implant or prolonged healing time, is still an issue to be resolved. Osseointegration can be improved via application of various surface treatments on the metal surface. The current study focuses on a novel surface microdeformation method, which enables the formation of controlled surface patterns of various parameters. With this purpose, a surface microdeformation procedure was applied on 316L stainless steel surfaces, forming four different patterns which affected various surface parameters such as roughness, surface energy, dislocation activities close to the surface, and wettability. Static immersion tests in a simulated body fluid (SBF) environment showed that modifying the surface parameters via controlled surface patterning promoted the formation of a stable oxide layer and calcium-phosphate (CaP) deposition on the metal surfaces, improving bioactivity. Moreover, the higher amount of CaP deposition and oxide layer formation on the modified surfaces led to reduced ion release, which contributed to improved corrosion resistance. Finally, the effect of the formed surface patterns on antibiofilm formation was investigated via incubation with C. albicans for 24 h, which exhibited that microdeformation patterns remarkably inhibited the biofilm formation. Throughout the experiments, certain patterns yielded outstanding results among the four patterns formed. Overall, it was concluded that forming controlled patterns on stainless steel surfaces via surface microdeformation significantly contributed to the metal's biocompatibility via improving bioactivity, corrosion resistance, and antibiofilm formation properties. Especially, the specific surface properties such as increased surface energy, high surface roughness, and dislocation density close to the metal surface as well as increased hydrophilicity obtained via forming the pattern with relatively deeper and narrowly spaced indents yielded the most promising outcomes. These methodologies constitute novel approaches to be used while designing new methodologies for the surface modification of metallic implant materials for improved osseointegration.

Association between the use of prostaglandin analogues and ocular surface disease: a systematic review.

Patients with glaucoma often experience chronic ocular surface diseases, potentially underestimated in frequency and severity. To provide updated estimates of ocular surface diseases linked to prostaglandin analogue antiglaucoma eye medication, a systematic review was conducted. Twenty-seven publications were selected from databases like PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, following a search strategy targeting glaucoma and prostaglandins while excluding certain medications '(Glaucoma AND prostaglandins OR 'prostaglandin analogues')('eye drops' OR 'artificial tears' OR 'ocular surface' OR 'dry eye' OR 'dry eye syndrome' OR 'ocular surface disease' OR 'tear film') NOT ('beta blockers' OR 'alpha adrenergic agonists' OR 'carbonic anhydrase inhibitors' OR 'rho-quinase')'. The review revealed a correlation between prostaglandin analogue use and ocular surface damage, assessing parameters such as tear break-up time, Schirmer test value, ocular surface staining, hyperaemia score, and meibomian gland characteristics. Some studies explored switching patients to alternative glaucoma medications, noting varied effects on ocular surface parameters. Comparisons suggested better tolerance and outcomes with preservative-free options over prostaglandins. Additionally, the impact of treatment duration and diquafosol on ocular health, including meibomian gland loss, was examined across different formulations. Although a link between prostaglandin analogues (with or without preservatives) and ocular surface damage was established, inconsistencies in methodologies and assessment across studies were noted. This comprehensive review, spanning a decade of glaucoma research, underscores the need for re-evaluation of treatment strategies in ophthalmology. It stresses the significance of informed decision-making for enhanced glaucoma care, taking into account the observed effects of various medications on eye health.

Has the German vehicle fleet become quieter? - Results of a measurement campaign using SPB and CPX measurements

In the past, the German Environment Agency has carried out several measurement campaigns to determine the noise behavior of the German vehicle fleet. The aim of the current project was to identify any trends in comparison to previous campaigns. Autonomous pass-by measurements were carried out at 30 locations throughout Germany in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11819-1 (SPB) with the aim of recording at least 1000 vehicles per location. As the road surface influences the pass-by noise, near-field measurements according to DIN EN ISO 11819-2 (CPX) were carried out to determine the homogeneity of the road surface at each measurement location. In parallel to the CPX measurements, texture measurements according to DIN EN ISO 13473 were carried out to quantify the relevant geometric parameters of the road surface. The presentation describes the methodology of these measurements and presents the final results including a comparison with data from the 2012 and 2002 measurement campaigns.

Surface, micellization, and thermodynamic behavior of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in sodium polystyrene sulfonate with and without methyl red in water–ethanol mixed solvent media at varying temperatures: A tensiometric analysis

In this study, we aim to systematically investigate the surface, micellization, and thermodynamic properties of Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) in Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate (NaPSS) solutions with and without methyl red (MR) dye in water–ethanol mixed solvent media (0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 vol fraction of ethanol at 298.15 ± 0.2 K, 308.15 ± 0.2 K, and 318.15 ± 0.2 K. By employing surface tension measurements, we seek to uncover the effects of solvent composition, temperature, polyelectrolyte presence, and dye addition on the Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) and other key surface and thermodynamic parameters. The CMC, slope (dγdlnC), and γCMC values determined from γ versus ln [CTAB] for the CTAB + NaPSS + MR diminish in contrast to the CTAB + NaPSS in the chosen solvent and the temperature range studied. However, with a rising temperature and ethanol volume fraction, the CMC value rises while the obtained γCMC values fall. Various surface and thermodynamic parameters like γCMC,Amin,Γmax, ΠCMC, adsorption efficiency (PC20), packing parameter (P), aggregation number (Nagg), micellization Gibbs’ energy (ΔGm0), adsorption of Gibbs’ energy (ΔGads0), effective Gibbs’ energy (ΔGeff0), minimum Gibbs’ energy (ΔGmin), and many other parameters have been determined, comparatively discussed, and analyzed for CTAB + NaPSS and CTAB + NaPSS + MR systems. This research provides a deeper understanding of the fundamental behaviors of these complex systems, their stability, and their feasibility, with potential implications for their practical applications in fields such as drug delivery, wastewater treatment, and the formulation of personal care products.

EFFECT OF BUILD POSITION ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF SLM PRINTED INCONEL 718

The present work investigates the variation of the surface roughness due to the build position of specimens with respect to the inert gas flow direction and re-coater movement direction. Selective laser melting (SLM) method was used to study this effect using Inconel 718 as workpiece material. A total of 21 samples were placed equidistant from each other on the built plate to observe the effect of gas flow and re-coater movement. The effect of these parameters on the printed samples was analyzed in terms of the profile surface roughness parameter such as Ra and Rz in the build direction. The result showed that samples placed near the gas inlet and the re-coater starting position had larger roughness as compared to the samples placed further from the gas inlet and re-coater end position. The result showed that the profile average roughness parameter values varied from Ra = 5.02 µm to 14.7 µm and profile maximum height surface parameter varied from Rz = 47.61 µm to 118.3 µm for all the printed samples. Surface topography of the samples was also studied which showed common printing defects such as cracks, micropores, local solidified melt pools, and dimples. The study opens an avenue to explore and optimize the placement of the printing sample on the build plate with respect to the inlet gas flow and re-coater movement directions for better surface roughness.

Correlation between the Ocular Surface Disease Index and dry eye functional parameters measured with the OCULUS Keratograph 5M in a Hispanic population

Abstract Background: The evaluation of dry eye disease (DED) and the ocular surface can be approached from patient-centered questionnaires, clinical scales using the slit-lamp microscope, and more recently innovative ophthalmological devices that allow for noninvasive tests. The OCULUS Keratograph 5M (K5M) is a device that allows for noninvasive measurement of ocular surface parameters. Materials and Methods: The present article is a retrospective and observational study detailing the correlation of the OCULUS K5M surface parameters and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score. Patients of any gender and age attending a cornea and refractive surgery practice in an academic center underwent a full ophthalmological examination and tear meniscus height, tear breakup time, bulbar redness, meibography, and OSDI score measurement through the K5M. Results: One hundred and sixty-four eyes of 82 patients were included. The sample showed a female preponderance (78%) and a mean age of 49.45 years. When comparing the OSDI score with ocular surface parameters, a weak negative correlation was found with the tear meniscus height (Pearson coefficient: [ −0.229, P = 0.003]). There were no other statistically significant correlations between the K5M and the OSDI score. In addition, the meibomian gland dropout was significantly associated with increasing age, whereas conjunctivochalasis was associated with the female gender, increasing age and increasing OSDI score. Conclusions: The subjective symptoms of DED measured with OSDI score correlate only with tear meniscus height measured by the K5M in a Hispanic population. The detection of symptomatic DED patients through the K5M is incomplete in this population.

The influence of non-Newtonian behaviors of blood on the hemodynamics past a bileaflet mechanical heart valve

This study employs extensive three-dimensional direct numerical simulations to investigate the hemodynamics around a bileaflet mechanical heart valve. In particular, this study focuses on assessing whether non-Newtonian rheological behaviors of blood, such as shear-thinning and yield stress behaviors, exert an influence on hemodynamics compared to the simplistic Newtonian behavior under both steady inflow and physiologically realistic pulsatile flow conditions. Under steady inflow conditions, the study reveals that blood rheology impacts velocity and pressure field variations, as well as the values of clinically important surface and time-averaged parameters like wall shear stress (WSS) and pressure recovery. Notably, this influence is most pronounced at low Reynolds numbers, gradually diminishing as the Reynolds number increases. For instance, surface-averaged WSS values obtained with the non-Newtonian shear-thinning power-law model exceed those obtained with the Newtonian model. At Re=750, this difference reaches around 67%, reducing to less than 1% at Re=5000. Correspondingly, pressure recovery downstream of the valve leaflets is lower for the shear-thinning blood than the constant viscosity one, with the difference decreasing as the Reynolds number increases. On the other hand, in pulsatile flow conditions, jets formed between the leaflets and the valve housing wall are shorter than steady inflow conditions. Additionally, surface-averaged wall shear stress and blood damage (BD) parameter values are higher (with differences more than 13% and 47%, respectively) during the peak stage of the cardiac cycle, especially for blood exhibiting non-Newtonian yield stress characteristics compared to the shear-thinning or constant viscosity characteristics. Therefore, blood non-Newtonian behaviors, including shear-thinning and yield stress behaviors, exert a considerable influence on the hemodynamics around a mechanical heart valve. All in all, the findings of this study demonstrate the importance of considering non-Newtonian blood behaviors when designing blood-contacting medical devices, such as mechanical heart valves, to enhance functionality and performance.

Premelting Theory‐Based Mechanism for Water Freezing in Saline Soil

AbstractThe unfrozen water content constitutes a pivotal parameter in freezing soil, significantly impacting its thermal‐mechanical and deformation behavior. This study delves into the alterations in soil attributes as unfrozen water content varies. It examines the influences of impurities, van der Waals forces, and Coulomb forces on the water film, employing the premelting theory as a foundation. A critical state curve quantifying the ratio of the surface charge density to impurity concentration is parameterized for various soil types. Subsequently, combining the theory of effective solution concentration, we have provided calculation methods for the particle surface parameters of pore solutions as ideal and non‐ideal dilute solutions, respectively. This has determined the key variables in the model. Additionally, through the integration of equivalent particle sizes, packing structure, and water film thickness, a calculation model is devised and verified for determining the unfrozen water content and residual water content within in freezing soil. The findings indicate that fluctuation in the unfrozen water content primarily stem from impurities. In soils with equivalent saline content, impurity levels exhibit proportionality to the equivalent particle sizes. The residual unfrozen water is predominantly present within the absorbed water layer.

Optimization of liquid film parameters of indirect evaporative cooling system based on machine vision

The wet channel plate surface of indirect evaporative cooler (IEC) cannot be completely wet in actual working conditions, and the plate surface parameters of liquid film wetting rate and liquid film thickness are difficult to observe, and the lack of relevant experimental research and data support. Therefore, in this paper, machine vision technology will be used to experimentally investigate the wetting rate and liquid film thickness of the secondary side channel of the IEC, and the UDF interface program and the parameters of the original simulation model will be enhanced. The results show that the average and maximum errors of the first and second outlet temperatures of the corrected analytical model are reduced compared with the original model, and the average error is within 5% under different spray flow rates.

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Vocal Fold Oscillations: Correlating Superior and Medial Surface Dynamics Using Ex Vivo Human Hemilarynges.

The primary acoustic signal of the voice is generated by the complex oscillation of the vocal folds (VFs), whereby physicians can barely examine the medial VF surface due to its anatomical inaccessibility. In this study, we investigated possibilities to infer medial surface dynamics by analyzing correlations in the oscillatory behavior of the superior and medial VF surfaces of four human hemilarynges, each in 24 different combinations of flow rate, VF adduction, and elongation. The two surfaces were recorded synchronously during sustained phonation using two high-speed camera setups and were subsequently 3D-reconstructed. The 3D surface parameters of mean and maximum velocities and displacements and general phonation parameters were calculated. The VF oscillations were also analyzed using empirical eigenfunctions (EEFs) and mucosal wave propagation, calculated from medial surface trajectories. Strong linear correlations were found between the 3D parameters of the superior and medial VF surfaces, ranging from 0.8 to 0.95. The linear regressions showed similar values for the maximum velocities at all hemilarynges (0.69-0.9), indicating the most promising parameter for predicting the medial surface. Since excessive VF velocities are suspected to cause phono-trauma and VF polyps, this parameter could provide added value to laryngeal diagnostics in the future.

Sensitivity of horizontal resolution and land surface model in operational WRF forecast for Online Nuclear Emergency Response System (ONERS)

Accurate Meteorological forecasts are crucial for the assessment of plume dispersion and dose prediction in nuclear power plant (NPP) sites. In this work the forecast sensitivity of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is tested by running a series of forecast simulations for horizontal resolution, and land surface models (LSM) in the context of Online Nuclear Emergency Response System (ONERS) for Indian NPP sites. 72 h forecast simulations are made for three seasons viz. summer, southeast and northeast monsoon using the Global Forecast data. Three simulation experiments, namely 2 km-NOAH, 3 km-NOAH and 3 km-NOAHMP are conducted using two different nested domain configurations (18–6–2 km and 9–3 km) and two LSM schemes (NOAH and NOAH-MP) and tested at four different NPP sites. Forecast comparison of surface winds, relative humidity, temperature, heat fluxes and planetary boundary layer heights with data from meteorological tower, radiosonde and the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications 2 (MERRA-2) shows 3 km-NOAH is equally capable in predicting surface parameters as well as vertical profiles compared to 2 km-NOAH with marginal differences. 3 km-NOAHMP shows less mean bias and better correlation for boundary layer height and heat fluxes. Comparison of spatial flow-field with 5th generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA5) data shows synoptic scale seasonal winds, sea level pressure systems and temperature hot-spots are better captured by 3 km-NOAHMP compared to 6 km coarse domain in the 18–6–2 km configuration. The daily accumulated rainfall by all simulations is overestimated compared to ERA5 data. The predictions by 3 km-NOAHMP better agree with Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM-IMERGE) data whereas 2 km-NOAH predicts delayed rainfall occurrence. Dispersion simulations of hypothetical plume release from a coastal NPP site with all three forecasts properly show the influence of local scale diurnal land-sea breeze and seasonal winds on the plume movement. Therefore the 9–3 km domain with NOAHMP LSM is found to be a suitable choice for operational weather forecast in ONERS for Indian NPP sites.