Parallel Interpretation Research Articles

Performance of post-mortem diagnostic tests for tuberculosis in wild ungulates at low and high prevalence assessed using Bayesian latent class models.

Animal tuberculosis (TB) is often maintained by multi-host communities, including livestock and wildlife. Quantitative studies of such communities require estimating the true prevalence of TB, correcting the apparent prevalence by the diagnostic sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the test. The goal of this study was to lay the foundations for estimating the true prevalence of TB in wild ungulate populations (wild boar and two cervids: red deer and fallow deer). We used Bayesian latent class models to assess the Se and Sp of gross pathology, IS6110 real-time PCR in tissues, bacteriological culture, and P22 indirect ELISA. We analyzed 308 harvested wild ungulates (211 wild boar and 97 cervids: 92 red deer and 5 fallow deer). The Se of bacteriological culture (80.4%, CI95 61.0-96.3%) and gross pathology (87.9%, CI95 69.5-99.9%) was reasonably good in wild boar. These tests showed lower Se in cervids: 60.2% (CI95 38.3-82.3%) for bacteriological culture and 81.5% (CI95 63.6-96.2%) for gross pathology. The Se of the real-time PCR was low (50.7% in wild boar and 53.0% in cervids). These tests showed Sp between 95.2 and 99.1% in both taxa. The P22 ELISA performed reasonably well in wild boar (Se = 71.9%, CI95 59.2-83.4%; Sp = 98.8%, CI95 96.9-99.9%) but lacked Sp in cervids (Se = 77.1%, CI95 62.9-89.7%; Sp = 74.5%, CI95 65.7-83.3%). The real-time PCR in wild boar and cervids and bacteriological culture in cervids tended to show higher Se in low-prevalence populations, possibly due to a higher proportion of early-stage TB lesions. In cervids, the parallel interpretation of gross pathology and bacteriological culture significantly improved the diagnostic performance (Se = 93.1%, CI95 84.7-98.9%; Sp = 92.9%, CI95 86.0-98.3%). Our results allow the estimation of true prevalence from the results of a single diagnostic test applied to harvested wild boar, red deer, and fallow deer, paving the way for more precise quantitative ecological studies of the multi-host TB maintenance community.

Restless skies at the turn of the first Millennium AD. Climate fluctuations, astronomic phenomena and socio-political turbulences in 10th and 11th century Byzantium and Japan in comparative perspective

Around the turn of the first Millennium AD, both in Christian polities such as the Byzantine Empire as well as in regions with Buddhist communities such as in Heian Japan, expectations of an end of times emerged. Although based on different religious and independent chronological interpretations, they gained attraction at the same time due to the parallel observation and interpretation of the same astronomical phenomena (such as sightings of Halley´s comet in 989 AD) or of simultaneous climate anomalies, which can partly be connected with the Oort Solar Minimum of the 11th century. This paper explores and compares the interplay between natural phenomena, religious and political unrest, apocalyptic interpretations and individual decision-making for Byzantium and Japan on the basis of historical and natural scientific evidence.

Assessing the potential impact of applying a higher sensitivity test to selected cattle populations for the control of bovine tuberculosis in England.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) continues to be the costliest, most complex animal health problem in England. The effectiveness of the test-and-slaughter policy is hampered by the imperfect sensitivity of the surveillance tests. Up to half of recurrent incidents within 24 months of a previous one could have been due to undetected infected cattle not being removed. Improving diagnostic testing with more sensitive tests, like the interferon (IFN)-gamma test, is one of the government's top priorities. However, blanket deployment of such tests could result in more false positive results (due to imperfect specificity), together with logistical and cost-efficiency challenges. A targeted application of such tests in higher prevalence scenarios, such as a subpopulation of high-risk herds, could mitigate against these challenges. We developed classification machine learning algorithms (using 80% of 2012-2019 bTB surveillance data as the training set) to evaluate the deployment of IFN-gamma testing in high-risk herds (i.e. those at risk of an incident in England) in two testing data sets: i) the remaining 20% of 2012-19 data, and ii) 2020 bTB surveillance data. The resulting model, classification tree analysis, with an area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) >95, showed a 73% sensitivity and a 97% specificity in the 2012-2019 test dataset. Used on 2020 data, it predicted eight percent (3 510 of 41 493) of eligible active herds as at-risk of a bTB incident, the majority of them (66% or 2 328 herds) experiencing at least one. Whilst all predicted at-risk herds could have preventive measures applied, the additional application of IFN-gamma test in parallel interpretation to the statutory skin test, if the risk materialises, would have resulted in 8 585 additional IFN-gamma reactors detected (a 217% increase over the 2 710 IFN-gamma reactors already detected by tests carried out). Only 18% (330 of 1 819) of incidents in predicted high-risk herds had the IFN-gamma test applied in 2020. We therefore conclude that this methodology provides a better way of directing the application of the IFN-gamma test towards the high-risk subgroup of herds. Classification tree analysis ensured the systematic identification of high-risk herds to consistently apply additional measures in a targeted way. This could increase the detection of infected cattle more efficiently, preventing recurrence and accelerating efforts to achieve eradication by 2038. This methodology has wider application, like targeting improved biosecurity measures in avian influenza at-risk farms to limit damage to the industry in future outbreaks.

The recovery of homicidal people diagnosed with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder-An interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Identity recovery in people diagnosed with schizophrenia who have committed homicide poses several difficulties. Premorbid mental illnesses, the experience of psychosis, and the absence of cohesive ego functions may result in the inability to integrate the homicidal act into self-identity. Problems with integration increase the risk of recidivism and further mental problems. The aim of the present research was to explore how homicidal people diagnosed with schizophrenia make sense of their actions, and how they identify with the homicide. Six semi-structured interviews were conducted at a long-term psychiatric home with people who had committed homicide and who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), an idiographic method rooted in phenomenologist traditions that focuses on how participants experience and make sense of events in their lives, and how those events affect their identity and sense of self. Three personal experiential themes were established as a result of the analysis: (1) homicide and responsibility; (2) homicide and self; and (3) control over threats to self and self-evaluation. (1) Homicide was often reported to have been committed in a non-conscious, delusional state that may have led to the loss of self-determination. (2) Our interviewees struggled to integrate their acts into their identities. They distanced themselves from the crime or held multiple, parallel interpretations of the act. (3) Recovering patients experienced the constant threat of entering into a delusional reality and losing control. The importance of control was central to their self-evaluation. The patients appeared to distance themselves from the homicidal act and to regard their delusional selves as a threat to their lives. Therapy aimed at bolstering self-control, supporting the integration of the fragmented self, and raising awareness of the connections between delusional reality and standard, intersubjective reality may be helpful in reducing the instability of the self. Therapy aimed at processing complex grief and loss of family is also needed.

Tj-n}-y and kft(j)w in the Annals of Thutmose III: a reassessment of Urk. IV 733:4–7

Urk. IV 733:4–7 is a brief but very intriguing passage from the Annals of Thutmose III. The passage describes a delivery of items from the land of tj-nꜢ-y, and provides the earliest known attestation of this (probably) Aegean toponym, while also providing the only surviving attestation of kft(j)w in the Annals, in reference to one of the items being delivered. Not surprisingly, this passage has often been mentioned in works and studies focusing on Egypt-Aegean interactions. However, the actual Egyptian wording of the passage has never been analysed or discussed in a detailed and systematic way, and as a result, the available translations usually reflect a rather superficial and somewhat approximate understanding of the text itself. The present article seeks to address this gap by providing a thorough reassessment of the text from both a linguistic and a sociocultural perspective. A framework for disambiguating translations and presenting multiple parallel interpretations will also be briefly introduced at the end.

Jonas, Scholem, and the Taubeses in Jerusalem: From Metaphysical Antisemitism to a Jewish Gnostic Conspiracy

This article addresses how Hans Jonas’s reconstruction of gnosticism as a historical movement in late antiquity gave rise to two parallel contemporary interpretations: Gershom Scholem’s “metaphysical antisemitism” and Susan and Jacob Taubes’s attempt at a revival of a Jewish—gnostic cultic revolt. While both reached very similar conclusions regarding the gnostic potential for modern Judaism, they could not be more different in the implications they drew from it. This, in turn, also explains the animosity that developed between all the people involved.

Detection of nonpregnant cows and potential embryo losses by color Doppler ultrasound and interferon-stimulated gene expression in grazing dairy cows

Many studies have been conducted to estimate pregnancy losses between 19 and 34 d after artificial insemination (AI) in dairy cows managed under confinement-based systems, but few studies have examined embryo mortality during this interval in dairy cows managed under gazing systems. The objectives of this prospective cohort study were (1) to assess the diagnostic value of the corpus luteum (CL) blood perfusion (BP) evaluation by Doppler ultrasound (US) to detect nonpregnant cows at 19 to 20 d post-AI, and (2) to assess the rate of potential embryo mortality between 19 to 34 d post-AI. The CL-BP of all cows included in the study (n = 131) was examined on farm by power and color mode of Doppler US and later using an image processing software by a second evaluator. The endometrium thickness and echotexture were evaluated by B-mode US at the same visit to assess if the nonpregnancy diagnosis could be improved at 19 to 20 d post-AI by this additional diagnostic tool. Blood samples were obtained at 19 to 20 d post-AI for progesterone (P4) measurement by chemiluminescence and to determine the mRNA expression of ISG by real-time PCR. Pregnancy diagnosis based on embryo visualization was performed at 33 to 34 d post-AI by US B-mode. In parallel interpretation, ISG15 and MX2 mRNA expression in leukocytes [sensitivity (Se), 100%] were regarded as suitable biomarkers for early pregnancy and were selected for molecular characterization of pregnancy at 19 to 20 d post-AI. At 19 to 20 d post-AI, 61.1% of the cows had positive CL-BP by Doppler US (Se, 98.0%), 62.7% had ISG mRNA expression in leukocytes over the cutoff point (Se, 95.7%), and 50.8% were positive, based on the combination of ISG mRNA expression, CL-BP by Doppler US, and P4 concentration (Se, 100%), and were considered as possible pregnant. At 33 to 34 d, the pregnancy rate was 37.4% diagnosed by the B-mode US. Based on the expression of the selected biomarkers in cows with active CL, we found that 28.1% of the cows could have potentially lost their pregnancy between 19 and 34 d post-AI. The Doppler US color mode showed similar accuracy and a higher negative predictive value than the genes selected as biomarkers. The additional B-mode ultrasound evaluation of the uterine stratum vasculare and the endometrium thickness improved the diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, assessing the CL-BP by Doppler US allowed early detection of nonpregnant cows at 19 to 20 d post-AI. The combination of early CL-BP by Doppler US (d 19 to 20) with early embryo detection by B-mode US (d 33-34) could be used to facilitate earlier rebreeding of dairy cows.

A step towards better audit: The Robson Ten Group classification system for outcomes other than cesarean section.

The Robson Ten Group Classification System is widely used for the audit of cesarean section (CS) rates. However, CS rate alone is a poor quality indicator and should be balanced with other obstetric endpoints. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether Swedish national data on obstetric outcomes other than CS, stratified by the Robson classification, could be analyzed in a useful way. All births in Sweden from 2017 through 2020 recorded in the nationwide Swedish Pregnancy Register were categorized using the Robson classification with subdivision of some groups. Five outcomes were explored: CS, operative vaginal delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) and Apgar score<7 at 5 minuteutes. Rates of each outcome and contribution of each group to the total outcome rate were calculated. The largest Robson groups were nulliparous and multiparous women with single-term cephalic pregnancies, unscarred uterus and spontaneous labor. Intrapartum CS rates were highest for multiple pregnancies, women with induced labor after previous CS, and nulliparous women with induced labor. Nulliparous women and multiparous women with a previous CS with attempted vaginal birth had the highest operative vaginal delivery and OASIS rates. The postpartum hemorrhage rate was highest for multiple pregnancies and transverse lie, followed by prelabor CS in nulliparous and multiparous women with single-term cephalic pregnancies and unscarred uterus. The highest rates of Apgar score<7 at 5 minute were observed in preterm deliveries, multiple pregnancies, transverse lie and breech presentation. The largest contribution to the total CS rate was made by women with previous CS delivered by prelabor CS, and nulliparous women with induced or spontaneous labor. The largest contribution to all other outcomes was made by nulliparous women with spontaneous or induced labor and, notably, multiparous women with spontaneous labor and unscarred uterus. The Robson classification provides a useful framework for analyzing CS rates alongwith rates of operative vaginal delivery, OASIS, postpartum hemorrhage and low Apgar score. Parallel interpretation of several outcomes allows a systematic and multidimensional audit, helpful for families and healthcare professionals, and can be used for comparisons, assessment of trends and subpopulations.

Seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in Arabian horses.

BackgroundBrucellosis, as a zoonotic disease, mainly occurs in horses by Brucella abortus, Brucella canis and Brucella suis. The disease in equines is often asymptomatic, but the clinical signs in horses are mostly characterized by bursitis, arthritis and tenosynovitis.ObjectivesThis study, thus, aimed to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis and its associated risk factors in the Arabian horses of Khuzestan province, South‐west Iran.MethodsTo that end, the blood samples randomly collected from 180 Arabian horses were analyzed for the presence of anti‐Brucella antibodies by Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), serum agglutination test (SAT), 2‐mercaptoethanol test (2‐ME) and a commercial i‐ELISA kit.ResultsThe ROC curve analysis showed that the best cut‐off point for S/P values in i‐ELISA turned out to be 26.25%. The results showed that the overall seroprevalence of brucellosis based on parallel interpretation of the test results was 12.22% (Positive/Tested = 22/180). The prevalence of acute and chronic brucellosis was 8.3 and 3.9%, respectively. The seroprevalence of brucellosis with RBPT and i‐ELISA methods was 1.11% (2/180) and 7.22% (13/180), respectively. According to what SAT revealed, 9.44% (17/180) of sera had a titer of 40 or greater, and at 2‐ME, 7.22% of samples (13 out of 180 samples) depicted a titer of 40. The results of i‐ELISA, SAT and 2‐ME were significantly different from those of RBPT (p < 0.01); however, there was no significant difference between i‐ELISA, SAT and 2‐ME in findings (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe results of this study recommend that i‐ELISA be used for screening purposes of brucellosis in horses. The findings confirmed that Arabian horses are natural hosts for the Brucellae. It is, thus, necessary to adopt appropriate prevention and control programs by health authorities and horse owners so as to reduce the distribution and transmission of the infection in the regions where brucellosis is prevalent.

Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry with Spatially and Spectrally Resolving Snapshot-Mosaic Cameras for the Characterization and Classification of Bioparticles.

In the development and optimization of biotechnological cultivation processes the continuous monitoring through the acquisition and interpretation of spectral and morphological properties of bioparticles are challenging. There is therefore a need for the parallel acquisition and interpretation of spatially and spectrally resolved measurements with which particles can be characterized and classified in-flow with high throughput. Therefore, in this paper we investigated the scientific and technological connectivity of standard imaging flow cytometry (IFC) with filter-on-chip based spatially and spectrally resolving snapshot-mosaic cameras for photonic sensing and control in a smart and innovative microfluidic device. For the investigations presented here we used the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis (HP). These microalgae are used commercially to produce the antioxidant keto-carotenoid astaxanthin. Therefore, HP is relevant to practically demonstrate the usability of the developed system for Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry (MIFC) platform. The extension of standard IFC with snapshot-mosaic cameras and multivariate data processing is an innovative approach for the in-flow characterization and derived classification of bioparticles. Finally, the multispectral data acquisition and the therefore developed methodology is generalizable and enables further applications far beyond the here characterized population of HP cells.

SINTAGMATSKA I PARADIGMATSKA OSA DANTEOVOG „PAKLA“ I FILMA „KUĆA KOJU JE DžEK SAGRADIO“

Due to the parallel analysis of Dante’s Inferno and the film The House That Jack Built, and therefore of poetry and film, it was necessary to include a methodological approach that would allow interpretation in both linguistic and visual plan in this paper. Therefore, the relationship of linguistic and visual units of varying scope was analyzed using the syntagmatic and para- digmatic axis. The specificity of the analysis comes from the fact that this Dante’s epic poem is a combination of metonymy and metaphor (but also allegory), that is, they represent poetic excerpts of combination and selection. In the analysis, we start from the points of view of De Saussure (“horizontal”, syntagmatic axis and sequences), Jakobson (selection of units and their combinations), Lotman (series of shots that alternate with each other), Mitry and Hutch- eon (adaptation of a literary work). Then we will interpret Dante’s Inferno and Von Trier’s film in parallel, starting with Frisardi and Keen (Divine Comedy, narrative), Mez (alternating editing, images from the “A” and “B” series), Camilletti (linguistic and narrative structures), Hui (meaning of ombre [shadow] in Dante), etc. The aim of this paper is to use the mentioned methods to investigate the intertextual connections between Dante’s work and Lars von Trier’s film, through parallel interpretation and direct connection of the verses and dialogues from Hell (through them and descriptions of places and events) with the film frames and scenes. Several works have been published so far about the film The House That Jack Built, but only one partially deals with the relationship between Dante’s Hell and this Von Trier’s film. How- ever, even in this work, entitled The play of iconicity in Lars von Trier’s The House That Jack Built, Danish author Bodil Thomsen does not make intertextual connections through concrete verses and dialogues from Hell, and film frames and scenes.

МОНІТОРИНГ ДІТЕЙ ГРУПИ РИЗИКУ: ДОСВІД ЛИТВИ

The possibilities of monitoring of children at risk are considered. The article is aimed at presenting the possibility of monitoring of children at risk. It is determined that the monitoring is aimed at creating the necessary prerequisites for social education in order to prevent criminal behavior among minors. The article presents a study modeled on the strategy of a case study based on the theoretical principles of social construction and participation. The study used methods of retrospective analysis and meta-analysis of research data to develop and practice a tool for monitoring the behavior of at-risk children. Adequate and timely objective information makes it possible to analyze the current situation in more detail, make reasonable assumptions and reduce subjectivism. Monitoring of children at risk involves constant and parallel selection, processing and interpretation of data. A meta-analysis of the results of the studies shows that the meaningful use of the tool in the work of social teachers creates opportunities to increase the effectiveness of psychological and pedagogical work with children at risk. It is important to note that the use of the monitoring tool is accompanied by pedagogical diagnostics of accumulated data, which allows the teacher to understand the behavior of children at risk, since the tool allows you to objectively find out the process of forming inappropriate behavior, analyze the life and educational history of the child and, at the same time, the history of his behavioral changes. It is proved that timely and consistent use of the tools for monitoring children at risk creates prerequisites for pedagogical diagnosis of behavior, which makes it possible to choose timely, purposeful and pedagogically justified strategies for correcting behavior.

'n Verkenning van multimodale metafore in die poësiefilm Stad in die mis (Opperman)

Visuele kunstenaars, uitvoerende kunstenaars en literêre kunstenaars het mekaar oor die eeue heen geïnspireer. Jonckheere (1989) noem dit 'n oeroue verbintenis en Vanbrussel (1972) is van mening dat die produk wat geskep word vanweë die inspirasie as 'n tipe vertaling, transponering en ondersoek na dieper betekenis beskou moet word. Die poësiefilm as 'n vorm van 'n vertaling van die woordteks na 'n beeldteks, kan benader word as 'n hibriede, trans-dissiplinêre en multimodale kunsvorm wat die poësie en film met mekaar verbind. In die besonder geanimeerde poësiefilms bied 'n vrugbare ontdekkingsveld vir die verkenning van multimodale metafore. Die draai van die millennium het 'n toename in die belangstelling in die ondersoek van multimodale kommunikasie met betrekking tot die onderskeie semiotiese modusse teweeggebring. Forceville (2015) is van mening dat animasiefilms ideaal is vir die ondersoek van beeldskemas wat op multimodale metafore betrekking het. Die keuse van die poësiefilm as toepassingsdomein stel in die vooruitsig dat kennis ontwikkel word met betrekking tot multimodale metafore in Jac en Wessel Hamman se poësiefilm van DJ Opperman se "Stad in die mis".

Democratic governing ideals and the power of intervening spaces as prerequisite for student learning

PurposeIn the rational model of the democratic governing chain, intervening spaces at all levels are neglected in relation to the policy process. An intervening space is a group of persons with the power and responsibility to interpret policy at their level in an organization. The research question is as follows: How are democratic policy ideas visible in the intervening spaces of a governing chain in public schools?Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on two municipalities representing the 25 most populated cities in Sweden. The data are based on interviews with 66 informants with leadership roles on the district level and two schools in each municipality.FindingsLeadership is obviously more than making decisions. It is also about facilitating and creating trust, engagement, motivation and willingness to take responsibility. In this process, intervening spaces are central. They exist at all levels from the national ministry to the classroom. The empirical examples show the importance and challenges in how different leadership roles, relationships and interaction transform policy intentions to practice on the local level.Originality/valueThe authors contribute by highlighting the parallel interpretation processes that take place at various leadership levels locally. There are possibilities and challenges in aligning the intervening spaces into a rational governing chain. The findings indicate that intervening spaces and policy drift is vital to support, control and use professional competence in the process to transfer political ideas to classroom practice.

Scaffold mediated delivery of dual miRNAs to transdifferentiate cardiac fibroblasts

The standard scaffold-mediated delivery of drugs/biomolecules has been successful due to the unique attributes of scaffolds, specifically the electrospun polymeric scaffolds that mimic ECM are well suited for advanced regenerative applications. Cardiac tissue engineering includes the interpretation of cellular and molecular mechanisms concerning heart regeneration and identifying an efficient reprogramming strategy to overcome the limitation of delivery systems and enhance the reprogramming efficiency. This study is a step towards developing a functional scaffold through a parallel interpretation of electrospun PLLA scaffolds with two distinct topologies to achieve sustained delivery of two muscle-specific microRNAs (miR-1 and miR-133a) to directly reprogram the adult human cardiac fibroblasts into cardiomyocyte-like cells. Polyethyleneimine was used to form stable PEI-miRNA complexes through electrostatic interactions. These complexes were immobilized on the electrospun smooth and porous scaffolds, where a loading efficiency of ~96% for the fibronectin modified and ~38% for unmodified surfaces was observed, regardless of their surface topology. The in-vitro release experiment exhibited a biphasic release pattern of PEI-miRNA polyplexes from the scaffolds. These dual miRNA scaffold systems proved to be an excellent formulation since their combinatorial effect involving the topographic cues of electrospun fibers, and dual miRNAs helped control the cardiac fibroblast cell fate precisely.

Behaviour as Communication: Counter-Stories of Resistance and Dignity Work

ABSTRACT The words “behaviour” and “resistance” often conjure up fear-invoking images that prevent us from reflecting on what it is that we, as educators, understand behaviour to mean. In this article, we use resistance theory to rethink behaviour as communication by counter-storying one observation of resistance involving children and teachers in India. Offering parallel interpretations of this experience, we unpack how resistance as “dignity work” requires us to listen and respectfully re-engage with children and ourselves. We conclude by exploring pedagogical possibilities and the need for preserving our dignity and shared humanity when reflecting on (our own and children’s) behaviours.

Mathematical exploration: The mathematical aspect of simultaneously liking and disliking works of the same artist

The primary focus of this exploration is to establish a relationship between art and mathematics. An original question that might trouble several artists has been posed and the exploration aims at tackling this abstract concept through mathematical concepts. To understand and establish the desired relation, an understanding of proportions and golden ratio will be required. After an explication of all concepts related to this topic and interpreting their possible impact on beauty, the golden ratio will be searched for in few places. This study will go on and select a few pieces of art created by the author and conduct a survey to gather data about people’s perspective of the art. Using the chi square test, the dependence of beauty on ranking will be explored. Furthermore, the paintings selected will be mathematically analysed and compared. The research will aim to see parallel interpretations and dependence between people’s perspectives and mathematical data. Lastly, the exploration will be looking into how to the qualitative factors that are not mathematical affect the likability to finally answer the original question and have a concrete and complete understanding of how mathematics affects visual beauty.

Rape Appraisals: Class Mobility, Social Geography, and Sexual Morality Tales in Ghana, South Africa, and Rwanda

Interdisciplinary scholarship in violence and trauma studies suggest that a person’s interpretation of stressful events contours how the person will respond. It is through the two-part appraisal process that survivors determine how they will cope. This project utilizes an identity-based approach to demonstrate that survivors use group-based ideologies such as social class, geography, gender, sexuality, and, for some, race to appraise their accounts of violence, assess their coping strategies, and manage traumatic events. Using the cross-cultural accounts of 146 Black Ghanaian, South African, and Rwandan women rape survivors, the findings extend the appraisal approach by highlighting how survivors in this study utilized sexual morality tales to construct a variety of appraisal accounts to interpret their assaults and to justify their coping strategies. I call these appraisals opportunities, possibilities, limitations, and solidarities. These differing appraisals demonstrated that social milieu contours the psychological experience of violence and can engender both parallel and divergent interpretations across social class and cultural contexts. Last, the implications of these findings for comparative sexual assault studies, theories of traumatic coping, gender and development, and intersectionality are discussed.

A semantics and a logic for Fuzzy Arden Syntax

Fuzzy programming languages, such as the Fuzzy Arden Syntax (FAS), are used to describe behaviours which evolve in a fuzzy way and thus cannot be characterized neither by a Boolean outcome nor by a probability distribution. This paper introduces a semantics for FAS, focusing on the weighted parallel interpretation of its conditional statement. The proposed construction is based on the notion of a fuzzy multirelation which associates with each state in a program a fuzzy set of weighted possible evolutions. The latter is parametric on a residuated lattice which models the underlying semantic ‘truth space’. Finally, a family of dynamic logics, equally parametric on the residuated lattice, is introduced to reason about FAS programs.

Interpretation of Parallelism of Transport Technologies Using Operator Schemes

The paper considers an approach to the description and analysis of transport multi-operation technologies based on the use of operator schemes and allows studying their structural properties (changes, reconfigurations, parallelism). The relevance of the development and use of formalized graphical tools for describing and analyzing transport technological processes is shown. A set-theoretic operational-event model of technologies and processes is presented. The questions of its interpretation by operator schemes, including operations, input and output resources, control and resource connections, space and time coordinates are considered. General characteristics of operator schemes are given. Classes are defined, and examples of coordinate, algorithmic, asynchronous and combined schemes are given. The reasons and sources of parallelism and changes in railway technological processes are described. The paper deals with the analysis of changes and reconfigurations of technologies and processes using operator schemes. The relationship between the parallelism of multi-operation technologies and reconfigurations of technological processes is established. The paper shows the significance of the study of internal parallelism of technologies and ways to identify it based on models of parallel computing-the augmented Bernstein - Russell - Narinyani theorem, tiered parallel schemes and trigger functions. A number of statements and conclusions are made about the prospects of using operator schemes to study configurations, reconfigurations and parallelism of technologies and processes in order to improve the efficiency of transport systems.