Parallel Induction Research Articles

Proinflammatory Microenvironment in Adenocarcinoma Tissue of Colorectal Carcinoma.

Cancer-promoting proinflammatory microenvironment influences colorectal cancer (CRC) development. We examined the biomarkers of inflammation, intestinal differentiation, and DNA activity correlated with the clinical parameters to observe progression and prognosis in the adenocarcinoma subtype of CRC. Their immunohistology, immunoblotting, and RT-PCR analyses were performed in the adenocarcinoma and neighboring healthy tissues of 64 patients with CRC after routine colorectal surgery. Proinflammatory nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling as well as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and S100 protein levels were upregulated in adenocarcinoma compared with nearby healthy colon tissue. In contrast to nitrotyrosine expression, the oxidative stress marker 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was increased in adenocarcinoma tissue. Biomarkers of intestinal differentiation β-catenin and mucin 2 (MUC2) were inversely regulated, with the former upregulated in adenocarcinoma tissue and positively correlated with tumor marker CA19-9. Downregulation of MUC2 expression correlated with the increased 2-year survival rate of patients with CRC. Proliferation-related mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling was activated, and Ki67 frequency was three-fold augmented in positive correlation with metastasis and cancer stage, respectively. Conclusion: We demonstrated a parallel induction of oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers in adenocarcinoma tissue that was not reflected in the neighboring healthy colon tissue of CRC. The expansiveness of colorectal adenocarcinoma was confirmed by irregular intestinal differentiation and elevated proliferation biomarkers, predominantly Ki67. The origin of the linked inflammatory factors was in adenocarcinoma tissue, with an accompanying systemic immune response.

A Wide Range Zero‐Voltage Switching Phase‐Shifted Full‐Bridge Converter With No Duty Cycle Loss and Low Rectifier Oscillation

ABSTRACTThe phase‐shifted full‐bridge (PSFB) converter has been widely used in DC/DC converters due to its soft‐switching characteristics. However, it still has many drawbacks. In order to solve the shortcomings of the PSFB converter, such as limited soft‐switching range, high loss of duty cycle, and high oscillating voltage of the secondary rectifier, a PSFB converter based on parallel variable inductor and series blocking capacitor is proposed in this study. A wide range of soft switching, low rectifier oscillation voltage, and no duty cycle loss can be realized by the auxiliary current‐controlled variable inductor and reasonable blocking capacitor design. In this study, the mechanism of soft switching and suppression of oscillation is discussed and some of the designs are given. Finally, the experimental results of a 200 W/50 kHz prototype are constructed in the laboratory to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed converter.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Toroid Ring Core Parallel Inductor and Resistor as a Transformer Protection Device

Comprehensive Evaluation of Toroid Ring Core Parallel Inductor and Resistor as a Transformer Protection Device

Flux-pulse-assisted readout of a fluxonium qubit

Much attention has focused on the transmon architecture for large-scale superconducting quantum devices; however, the fluxonium qubit has emerged as a possible successor. With a shunting inductor in parallel to a Josephson junction, the fluxonium offers larger anharmonicity and stronger protection against dielectric loss, leading to higher coherence times as compared to conventional transmon qubits. The interplay between the inductive and Josephson energy potentials of the fluxonium qubit leads to a rich dispersive-shift landscape when tuning the external flux. Here, we propose to exploit the features in the dispersive shift to improve qubit readout. Specifically, we report on theoretical simulations showing improved readout times and error rates by performing the readout at a flux-bias point with large dispersive shift. We expand the scheme to include different error channels and show that with an integration time of 155 ns, flux-pulse-assisted readout offers about a 5-times improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, we show that the performance improvement persists in the presence of finite measurement efficiency combined with quasistatic flux noise and also when considering the increased Purcell rate at the flux-pulse-assisted readout point. We suggest a set of reasonable energy parameters for the fluxonium architecture that will allow for the implementation of our proposed flux-pulse-assisted readout scheme. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

A simple miniaturized sub‐6‐GHz bandpass filter with wide upper stopband in gallium arsenide‐based integrated passive device process

AbstractA very compact three‐pole bandpass filter with wide upper stopband is proposed and implemented by gallium arsenide integrated passive device technology. By organizing inductor and capacitor in parallel with an LC series network, a dual‐frequency bandstop structure is constructed in the first step to achieve transmission zeros (TZs). Then, the lowpass capacitor network and highpass inductor network are wisely cascaded with the bandstop structure, thus to the realization of three‐pole bandpass filter with a wide upper stopband. Based on the even‐/odd‐mode analysis, theoretical equations for the in‐band resonances and out‐of‐band TZs are given. Then, one filter prototype centered at 4.4 GHz with 3‐dB fractional bandwidth of 45.5% is designed, fabricated, and measured. Both simulated and measured results indicate that the proposed filter exhibits a wide stopband rejection of 25 dB from 6.4 to 22.8 GHz as well as a very compact size about 0.026λg × 0.031λg.

Structured RhoGEF recruitment drives myosin II organization on large exocytic vesicles.

The Rho family of GTPases plays a crucial role in cellular mechanics by regulating actomyosin contractility through the parallel induction of actin and myosin assembly and function. Using exocytosis of large vesicles in the Drosophila larval salivary gland as a model, we followed the spatiotemporal regulation of Rho1, which in turn creates distinct organization patterns of actin and myosin. After vesicle fusion, low levels of activated Rho1 reach the vesicle membrane and drive actin nucleation in an uneven, spread-out pattern. Subsequently, the Rho1 activator RhoGEF2 distributes as an irregular meshwork on the vesicle membrane, activating Rho1 in a corresponding punctate pattern and driving local myosin II recruitment, resulting in vesicle constriction. Vesicle membrane buckling and subsequent crumpling occur at local sites of high myosin II concentrations. These findings indicate that distinct thresholds for activated Rho1 create a biphasic mode of actomyosin assembly, inducing anisotropic membrane crumpling during exocrine secretion.

Dynamic frequency switching of a bandstop reconfigurable frequency selective surface with PIN diodes for C/X and Ku-band shielding applications

This paper presents a reconfigurable bandstop frequency selective surface (R-FSS) design capable of switching across C, X and Ku-bands. The electronic switching mechanism is achieved in real-time through PIN diodes. The combination of rectangular loops is selected as unit-cell and PIN diodes are strategically placed to dynamically adjust the bandstop region. The device operates in three distinct modes corresponding to the activation status of the PIN-diodes. For TE polarization, Mode 1 encompasses the Ku-bandstop (12.64–14.75 GHz), Mode 2 corresponds to the C/X-bandstop (6.62–11.28 GHz), and Mode 3 involves the X-bandstop (9.82–11.63 GHz), whereas X-bandstop characteristic is observed for TM polarization (9.054–––11.29 GHz). In TE polarization, each configuration is defined by specific equivalent circuit models, featuring an inductance in parallel with series L-C resonant circuit, an L-C resonant circuit in parallel with the inductance, and two L-C resonant circuits in parallel, respectively. Additionally, for TM polarization, the configuration incorporates two parallel L-C resonant circuits. A prototype of the proposed R-FSS is fabricated and measured. The results demonstrated effective switching operation across the C, X and Ku-band stopbands, depending on the biasing of the PIN diodes. The experimental outcomes are consistent with the simulation results, affirming the compatibility and functionality of the proposed R-FSS design.

Rapid, low-cost exploration of nucleation rates in l-glutamic acid crystallization in pure media and the presence of polymers through novel parallel experimentation

Crystal nucleation is crucial in various fields of science and technology, ranging from materials synthesis to pharmaceutical production. Our research aims to determine the nucleation rates from parallel induction time measurement experiments followed by low-cost external bulk video imaging. Stirred conditions are applied, making our results industry-relevant where the crystallizers are also mixed. The L-Glutamic Acid-water system (L-GA/water) is used as a surrogate. The study is conducted through a series of parallel, small-scale stirred experiments that explore the effects of supersaturation, temperature, and polymer additives on nucleation rates. The methodology involves careful data collection through controlled experimental setup and analysis of induction time distributions that the stochastic nature of nucleation explains the induction time distribution. The discussion section interprets the findings within the context of the research question, highlighting the implications of varying temperature and supersaturation levels as two experimental parameters and polymers on crystal nucleation rates. The specific parameters of supersaturation and temperature dependencies are in the range of those reported in the literature, which validated the developed rapid nucleation rate measurement platform. Stepping outside of these established measurements, analyzing the influence of polymers with high potential in controlling particle size, shape, and polymorphism was touched as well. As an unexpected result, the nucleation rates appeared to depend not only on the chemical structure and amount of the polymer but also on the polymer solution preparation method. The remarkable influence of polymers on nucleation rates was shown that cannot be explained with the solubility altering effect of the polymers alone.

Exploring the Reconfigurable Memory Effect in Electroforming-Free YMnO3-Based Resistive Switches: Towards a Tunable Frequency Response.

Memristors, since their inception, have demonstrated remarkable characteristics, notably the exceptional reconfigurability of their memory. This study delves into electroforming-free YMnO3 (YMO)-based resistive switches, emphasizing the reconfigurable memory effect in multiferroic YMO thin films with metallically conducting electrodes and their pivotal role in achieving adaptable frequency responses in impedance circuits consisting of reconfigurable YMO-based resistive switches and no reconfigurable passive elements, e.g., inductors and capacitors. The multiferroic YMO possesses a network of charged domain walls which can be reconfigured by a time-dependent voltage applied between the metallically conducting electrodes. Through experimental demonstrations, this study scrutinizes the impedance response not only for individual switch devices but also for impedance circuitry based on YMO resistive switches in both low- and high-resistance states, interfacing with capacitors and inductors in parallel and series configurations. Scrutinized Nyquist plots visually capture the intricate dynamics of impedance circuitry, revealing the potential of electroforming-free YMO resistive switches in finely tuning frequency responses within impedance circuits. This adaptability, rooted in the unique properties of YMO, signifies a paradigm shift heralding the advent of advanced and flexible electronic technologies.

A simple LC circuit with a parallel diode

An inductor in series or parallel with a capacitor is a well known electrical circuit that allows the voltage and current to oscillate sinusoidally with time. If a diode is inserted in parallel with the inductor, then the current in the inductor will remain approximately constant with time.

Advancing Renewable Energy: An Experimental Study of a Switched-Inductor, Switched-Capacitor Luo Boost Converter for Low-Voltage Applications

Photovoltaic (PV), battery, and fuel cell (FC) technologies are emerging forms of renewable energy gaining popularity. However, one of the key limitations is their production of direct current (DC) voltage, which hinders the connectivity and integration with the electrical grid. To address this issue, various DC/DC boost converters have been introduced. This study presents an innovative Luo converter with a switched-inductor–capacitor (SLC) cell at the input and a switched-capacitor (SC) cell at the output. The SLC cell not only increases the input voltage, but also enhances the source’s lifespan and reliability. The SC cell further amplifies the voltage, especially for high-gain applications. The proposed converter simplifies control processes by using a single power switch, significantly boosting the input voltage by 21 times with a duty ratio of 0.8. This surpasses the gains achieved by conventional boost converters by over fourfold and Luo converters by sevenfold. The second challenge when a converter is connected to these voltage sources is the potential reduction in the lifespan of the sources and the overall system due to large input current ripples. The proposed converter addresses this issue by incorporating a switched-capacitor cell on the input side. This cell charges the inductors in parallel and discharges them in series, reducing the magnitude of the input current. Another advantage of the proposed converter is its simplicity, as it employs only one power switch, minimizing the complexity of the controller system. Additionally, the distribution of the output voltage passing through the diodes between the switch and output capacitor helps mitigate voltage stress for all semiconductor devices and capacitors. The study includes thorough mathematical analyses, simulations, and laboratory tests to validate the research’s theoretical foundations.

Fabrication of molecularly imprinted polymer‐based interdigital sensor for L‐ascorbic acid

The level of L‐ascorbic acid (AA) in various natural and artificial foods, medicines and other substances must be determined for biological and agricultural purposes. In this study, an AA‐imprinted poly (methacrylic acid)‐based receptor was synthesized by thermal free‐radical bulk polymerization for the detection of ascorbic acid using the methacrylic acid as monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as cross‐linker, and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator, in the presence of a porogenic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The synthesized molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was used as a receptor. Immobilization of the receptor layer on IDEs provided a suitable sensor for AA detection by measuring changes in electrical parameters including inductance, capacitance, and resistance with the help of LCR meter. In the series and parallel inductance, the lowest detection limits were 0.13 and 0.001 ppm, respectively. While, for series and parallel capacitance, the lowest detection limits were 0.01548 and 1.3698 ppm, respectively. In the case of resistance, the lowest limit of detection was 0.0076 and 0.08121 ppm in series and parallel, respectively. The imprinted polymer‐based sensor showed sensitivity, selectivity, and reversibility for ascorbic acid.

Design and Analysis of Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Single-Pole Double-Throw Switches for 28 GHz 5G New Radio

We propose a single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switch with low insertion loss (IL), high isolation, and high linearity for a 28 GHz 5G new radio. The transmit (TX) path is a π-network consisting of a parallel dynamic-threshold metal–oxide–semiconductor (DTMOS) transistor, M1, with large body-floating resistance, RB (DTMOS-R M1), a series one-eighth-wavelength (λ/8) transmission line (TL), and a parallel capacitance, Cant. The series λ/8-TL in conjunction with the parallel Cant and transistors’ capacitance constitute an equivalent λ/4-TL with a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω. This leads to low IL in the TX mode and decent isolation in the receive (RX) mode. The RX path is an L-network constituting a series impedance (of parallel inductance L1 and DTMOS-R M2) and a parallel DTMOS-R M3. This leads to a decent IL in the RX mode and isolation in the TX mode. The first SPDT switch (SPDT SW1) is designed and implemented in a 90 nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) with a top metal thickness (TMT) of 3.4 μm. A comparative SPDT switch (SPDT SW2) in a 0.18 μm CMOS with a thinner TMT of 2.34 μm is also designed and implemented. In the TX mode, SPDT SW1 achieves a measured IL of 0.67 dB at 28 GHz and 0.58–1 dB for 17–34.9 GHz and a measured isolation of 44.3 dB at 28 GHz and 25.6–62.3 dB for 17–34.9 GHz, one of the best IL and isolation results ever reported for millimeter-wave CMOS SPDT switches. The measured input 1 dB compression point (P1dB) is 28.5 dBm at 28 GHz. Moreover, in the RX mode, SPDT SW1 attains a measured IL of 1.9 dB at 28 GHz and 1.83–2.1 dB for 25–38.3 GHz and an isolation of 25 dB at 28 GHz and 24.5–27 dB for 25–38.3 GHz. The measured P1dB is 24 dBm at 28 GHz.

Floating parallel lossy inductance, parallel lossy capacitance, parallel C‐D, and lossless capacitance multiplier circuits using current feedback operational amplifiers

SummaryA new synthetic floating simulator topology is proposed which realizes lossy parallel inductance (R‐L), lossy parallel capacitance (R‐C), lossy parallel C‐D, and lossless floating capacitance multiplier (FCM) circuits using only three current feedback operational amplifiers (CFOA) as active elements and three impedances. In all the presented circuits, the value of L, C, and D is independently controllable through a single resistance without requiring any matching condition for passive elements. A novel feature of the proposed circuit involves a straightforward adjustment in the CFOA connections, allowing the circuit to function as either a floating lossless immittance simulator or a floating series‐type lossy immittance simulator. Various application examples of the presented circuits such as lead compensator, lag compensator, first‐order high‐pass filter, and fourth‐order Butterworth filter are also given to justify the theoretical analysis. To validate the workability of the proposed circuits, several analyses are conducted, including frequency analysis, transient analysis, Monte‐Carlo analysis, and temperature analysis, using the macro‐model of AD844 in the SPICE simulation tool. Experimental results of the parallel R‐L simulator and application examples are also provided using commercially available IC AD844‐type integrated CFOAs.

Separate Gut Plasma Cell Populations Produce Auto-Antibodies against Transglutaminase 2 and Transglutaminase 3 in Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an inflammatory skin disorder often considered as an extra intestinal manifestation of celiac disease (CeD). Hallmarks of CeD and DH are auto-antibodies to transglutaminase 2 (TG2) and transglutaminase 3 (TG3), respectively. DH patients have auto-antibodies reactive with both transglutaminase enzymes. Here it is reported that in DH both gut plasma cells and serum auto-antibodies are specific for either TG2 or TG3 with no TG2-TG3 cross reactivity. By generating monoclonal antibodies from TG3-specific duodenal plasma cells of DH patients, three conformational epitope groups are defined. Both TG2-specific and TG3-specific gut plasma cells have few immunoglobulin (Ig) mutations, and the two transglutaminase-reactive populations show distinct selection of certain heavy and light chain V-genes. Mass spectrometry analysis of TG3-specific serum IgA corroborates preferential usage of IGHV2-5 in combination with IGKV4-1. Collectively, these results demonstrate parallel induction of anti-TG2 and anti-TG3 auto-antibody responses involving separate B-cell populations in DH patients.

Effect of heating temperature on electrical properties and gel properties of carp surimi

AbstractFor better application of ohmic heating technology in the food industry, it is necessary to study the variation of the electrical properties of food materials with temperature. In this paper, various initial heating temperatures were applied to investigate the impact of temperature on the electrical properties of rinsed and unrinsed carp surimi. An impedance analyzer was utilized to measure the electrical parameters of carp surimi within the frequency range of 20 ~ 120 MHz. The frequency and temperature characteristics of electrical parameters were explained based on biological and electromagnetic theories. These findings furnish theoretical references and experimental evidence for applying ohmic heating technology. The results showed that the parallel inductance (Lp), parallel capacitance (Cp), parallel resistance (Rp), and impedance (Z) of surimi decreased as the internal temperature of the surimi increased. The greater the heating temperature of the water bath, the larger the parameter values. The Lp, Cp, Rp, and Z values were lower for unrinsed surimi than for rinsed surimi. During the heating and cooling process, the parameter values at the same temperature point differed due to the different states of the surimi gel. As the frequency increased, the Rp and Z of surimi showed different regular changes, with similar trends at the same temperature. Rinsing has been demonstrated to improve the gel properties of surimi effectively. Prolonged periods in the temperature range of 60 ~ 70°C can cause the modori phenomenon (gel degradation), leading to reduce the gel strength of surimi. Thus, it is essential to pass through this temperature zone as soon as possible during the preparation of surimi gel. The relationship between the internal microstructure of surimi gel and the electrical parameters needs to be further investigated.Practical ApplicationsAs an emerging technology for food heat treatment, ohmic heating has the characteristics of uniform heating and fast heat production. As a homogeneous material, surimi is ideal for ohmic heating. However, the heating process is not easy to control when the electrical parameters are unknown, so the purpose of this study is to explore the changes of the electrical parameters of surimi at different heating rates and temperatures, provide data reference for the heat treatment of surimi by ohmic heating, and promote the application of ohmic heating in surimi processing.

Overexpression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells enhances osteogenesis and promotes critical cranial bone defect regeneration.

Background: Reconstruction of cranial bone defects is one of the most challenging problems in reconstructive surgery, and several biological tissue engineering methods have been used to promote bone repair, such as genetic engineering of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (Fgfr2) is an important regulator of bone construction and can be used as a potential gene editing site. However, its role in the osteogenesis process of BMSCs remains unclear. This article clarifies the function of Fgfr2 in BMSCs and explores the role of Fgfr2-overexpressed BMSCs carried by light-induced porous hydrogel (GelMA) in the repair of cranial bone defects. Methods: Lenti-virus was used to overexpress Fgfr2 in BMSCs, and cell counting kit-8, transwell, and flow cytometry assays were conducted to investigate the proliferation, migration, and characteristics. After 0, 3, 7, and 10 days of osteogenic or chondrogenic induction, the changes in osteogenic and chondrogenic ability were detected by real-time PCR, western blot, alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin Red staining, and alcian blue staining. To investigate the viability of BMSCs carried by GelMA, calcein and propyl iodide staining were carried out as well. Finally, a critical cranial bone defect model was established in 6-week-old male mice and micro-computerized tomography, masson staining, and immunohistochemistry of OCN were conducted to test the bone regeneration properties of implanting Fgfr2-overexpressed BMSCs with GelMA in cranial bone defects over 6 weeks. Results: Overexpression of Fgfr2 in BMSCs significantly promoted cell proliferation and migration and increased the percentage of CD200+CD105+ cells. After osteogenic and chondrogenic induction, Fgfr2 overexpression enhanced both osteogenic and chondrogenic ability. Furthermore, in cranial bone defect regeneration, BMSCs carried by light-induced GelMA showed favorable biocompatibility, and Fgfr2-overexpressed BMSCs induced superior cranial bone regeneration compared to a normal BMSCs group and an untreated blank group. Conclusion: In vitro, Fgfr2 enhanced the proliferation, migration, and stemness of BMSCs and promoted osteogenesis and chondrogenesis after parallel induction. In vivo, BMSCs with Fgfr2 overexpression carried by GelMA showed favorable performance in treating critical cranial bone defects. This study clarifies the multiple functions of Fgfr2 in BMSCs and provides a new method for future tissue engineering.

Study on Improving the Stability of Series Resonant Ozone Generator

This paper analyzes the load characteristics of the ozone generator, gives the change rule of the ozone generator equivalent impedance and the reason for instability, studies the impact of the impedance change on the operation of the equipment, and proposes the solution of parallel compensation inductance. The influence of parallel compensation inductance on system dynamic performance is analyzed, which can improve system stability and response speed. At the same time, the influence of the parallel compensation inductance on the system stability is studied to improve the working stability of the ozone generator, and the value formula of the parallel compensation inductance is given.

Discrimination of Inner Injury of Korla Fragrant Pear Based on Multi-Electrical Parameters.

Inner-injury fragrant pears are easily prone to rot during storage. Discriminating inner injury in the Korla fragrant pear from the normal pear is difficult as the flesh may be injured while the peel of the fruit remains intact. This study demonstrated the recognition of inner-injury pears based on their electric characteristics to pick out the inner-injury pears before storage. The electrical parameters parallel equivalent capacitance, quality factor, parallel equivalent inductance, parallel equivalent resistance, complex impedance, and phase angle were measured using the fruit electrical characteristic detection instrument. Principal component analysis and correlation analysis were used to determine the characteristic parameters, connected with the qualitative value of the fragrant pear to establish three discrimination models. When the measurement frequency was 100 kHz, compared with the Naïve Bayes and K-nearest neighbor models, the Support Vector Machine model with the characteristic parameters of quality factor, parallel equivalent resistance, and phase angle performed best. The recognition accuracy of the test set was 92.00%, the precision was 92.41%, the recall was 97.33%, and the F1 score was 0.95. Therefore, the electrical characteristic technique effectively detected the inner injury of fragrant pears and provided a new way to distinguish the inner injury of fruits.

Wearable, Implantable, Parity‐Time Symmetric Bioresonators for Extremely Small Biological Signal Monitoring

AbstractWireless biosensors are essential for digital transformations in health and medicine. Chipless resonant antenna‐based biosensors are affordable and tractable but are unsuitable for practical use because the common wireless sensing systems have low sensitivity caused by low quality factors. Herein, a parity‐time (PT) symmetric wireless biosensor is demonstrated that can detect small biological signals such as tear glucose level (0.1–0.6 mm) for diabetes diagnosis and blood lactate level (0.0–4.0 mm) for lactic acidosis diagnosis. The characteristics of the PT‐symmetric wireless sensing system are modeled by using an eigenvalue solution and input impedance, and the sensitivity enhancement at/near the exceptional point by using parallel inductance–capacitance–resistance resonators is experimentally demonstrated. 2000 times higher sensitivity for linear detection and 78% relative change for threshold‐based detection are achieved. Furthermore, the proposed PT‐symmetric wireless sensing system has sufficient tunability and robustness for use as a wearable/implantable device for monitoring small biological signals.