Paradigmatic View Research Articles

Multi-physics approach to model the lymph transport in the murine immune system

Abstract We formulate a compartmental model of the murine lymphatic system with the transfer rate parameters derived from the data on the geometric characteristics of the lymphatic system (LS) graph structure and the Hagen–Poiseuille-based values of the lymph flows through the system components, i.e., vertices and edges. It is supplemented by the physics-based model of lymph node draining-related function which considers a paradigmatic view of its geometry with one- and three-afferent lymphatic vessels and one efferent vessel, and the lymph flow described by the Darcy–Starling equations. We discuss further modelling work needed to gain a predictive understanding of the LS function in response to various perturbations including infections and therapeutic treatments.

Compensation for National Socialist Persecution as a Catalyst for a Paradigm Shift - A Contribution to the History of Psychiatry in the Early Federal Republic of Germany

After WW II, Holocaust survivors often faced negative assessments by German psychiatrists when claiming compensation for psychological damage, a fact that was met with criticism. This study examines how as a result the prevailing doctrine on trauma sequelae underwent a transformation. Academic contributions in German language from 1946 to 1969 are analyzed for their para-digmatic views on the etiology of mental disorders after war and Nazi persecution. Only a new generation of psychiatrists was able to develop more adequate psychotraumatological concepts by using anthropological and occasionally psychoanalytic theoretical elements. At the same time this also questioned the medically oriented concept of illness in psychiatry. Less the persistence of anti-Semitic sentiments but rather internal scientific reasons such as an unevidenced dogmatism obstructed the the advancement of science.

Cognitive approaches to uniformity and variability in morphology

Abstract This special issue of Cognitive Linguistics reexamines the notions of uniformity and variability within morphological systems from a cognitive linguistic standpoint. It challenges traditional perspectives that regard morphological variability as mere deviations from the norm, suggesting instead that such variability is systematic and shaped by external influences including language acquisition and processing constraints. The contributions in this issue promote a shift from isolated analysis to a holistic view of paradigms, classes, and systems, advocating for a framework where morphological structures are seen as integral to communicative and functional aspects of language. By accounting for the broad adaptive dynamics of language systems, the complex interplay between uniformity and variability is revealed as an inherent aspect of language usage.

Physical aging and vitrification in polymers and other glasses: Complex behavior and size effects

AbstractThe paradigmatic view on the transformation of a supercooled liquid into a glass, so‐called vitrification or glass transition, and the subsequent time evolution of the non‐equilibrium glass, addressed as physical aging, relies on the exclusive role of the main relaxation with super‐Arrhenius temperature dependence. The aim of the present review is to carefully scrutinize the wealth of recent experimental results, above all in polymeric glasses, showing the relevance of other relaxational mechanisms in both vitrification and physical aging. While the relaxation bears dominant role in both phenomena in proximity of the glass transition temperature, , a broad view on a much wider temperature range indicates that vitrification and physical aging are mediated by non‐ mechanisms of equilibration. This review also shows that a reduction of the typical time scale of equilibration can be achieved in glasses with large free interface, namely with reduced sample size. In this way, fast non‐ mechanisms of equilibration can be exploited to convey glasses to low energy states in experimentally feasible time scales, thereby attaining information on the existence of the so‐called “ideal glass” in small sized samples.

The Influence of Work Ethic, Work Discipline, And Physical Work Environment of Productivity Employees at PT Jenggala Keramik Bali in Jimbaran Badung Regency

This research was conducted at PT. Jenggala Keramik Bali is a company that operates in the production sector by analyzing HR management objects, namely work ethic, work discipline and physical work environment on employees work productivity. The sample used was 84 employees. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this research show that work ethic, work discipline and physical work environment influence the productivity of production employees at PT Jenggala Keramik Bali. For further research, it is hoped that the variables of job satisfaction, work stress, and work family conflict will be added to find out other factors that can influence nurse performance. It is also recommended for further research to expand the scope of research so that it can provide a broader paradigm view.

O możliwości zredefiniowania niepowodzeń szkolnych. Rekonstrukcja zmiany myślenia studentek – przyszłych nauczycielek wczesnej edukacji

The aim of the article of to identify the scope of early education students redefining the concept of school failures considered in the contexts of paradigmatic view on didactics and the issue of educating professional teachers. I subject to analysis fragments of students portfolio, which I treat as desk data. For this purpose I employ the method of qualitative analysis of text. The results of the analyses show that the most significant modification concerns inclusion into the area of school failures also students commonly regarded as those „not having learning difficulties”, which extends the definition of this notion with the sense of “being insufficient” and leads to, inter alia, the relativisation of the term “bad grade”. Into the set of temporally remote effects of experiencing school failures the students include predominantly the inability to undertake an independent cognitive search in a situation when the exemplary right answer is not provided. Identifying – as constructivists have done – school failures as the failures of the school, the respondents locate the sources of this phenomenon in the dominance of the traditional model of objectivist school, and in particular – in multiple symptoms of the cult of average grade and thoughtless realisation of the curriculum by teachers. The text also show the effects of the possibility of educating teachers open to the complexity of Educational reality and ready for a theoretically deep insight into their own school experience.

ӘБІШ КЕКІЛБАЕВТЫҢ ТЫРНАҚАЛДЫ ТУЫНДЫЛАРЫ

Abstract. Currently, the literary and creative heritage of a prominent statesman and public figure, people's writer of Kazakhstan Abish Kekilbaev is being studied in detail. Scientific interest in his work began during the life of the artist, many scientific studies were written and dissertations were defended. Today, this process has been found to continue in a vast scientific field called Abishology. There is no doubt that the literary heritage of the writer will continue to be studied from different angles, from the point of view of various scientific paradigms and theoretical and artistic analysis. In the study of personality and literary creativity, the abundance and completeness of sources is important. In this regard, the poems and articles that the writer published for the first time in the newspapers in his early years have their place. Last year, employees of the Mangistau Regional Museum of Local Lore named after A. Kekilbaev prepared a bibliographic index of the short works of the writer, published in the local periodical press in 1953-1958. This work consists of two parts: the first part contains a bibliographic index of the writer's articles and poems, and the second part contains their text. Thus, a total of 42 works were collected (34 articles, 8 poems). The preface of the museum director S. Kudaibergen, given at the beginning of the collection, reveals the purpose and structure of the work. The presentation of the writer's texts, along with a list of his first poems that were not included in previous collections, shows the cumulative nature of the work. In addition to being a bibliographic index, we can say that this is a small collection containing the works of the writer. It can become a necessary source for future researchers of A. Kekilbaev's creativity. Such information and data will be continuously collected and supplemented. This article discusses the first poems and articles of the writer, written in his school years, analyzes their thematic and content orientation and artistic features. It is clear that the scientific study of such poems and articles, which testify to the desire for literature and the creative search for young talent, especially poetry, reveals the beginnings of the poetic formation and creative evolution of the writer. The young author's view of the surrounding world, concern for the country and the future of the region are considered from a theoretical point of view and a scientific assessment is given. Keywords: poetry, poem, article, theme, content, idea, structure of the work, plot, composition, poet, artistry

Merging critical disability theory with Post-Colonial hybridity theory: a widened lens and implications

This article will briefly introduce the traditional disability studies project through the social model of disability and how its inherent theoretical limitations became the impetus to perpetuate a need to adopt critical disability theory (CDT) to expand the intellectual arsenal of the discipline. Being a reflexive inquiry that resists domination that oppresses people with disabilities, CDT’s reach produced work in conversation with other areas of critical social thought and inspired this paper to explore how post-colonial work – particularly Homi Bhabha’s hybridity theory – can be incorporated into CDT’s paradigmatic views of power. This paper concludes by addressing some of the debates and cultural implications that stem from conceptually merging CDT and post-colonial hybridity theory to frame how it can reimagine the possibilities and trajectories of a global disability movement.

The Role of Teacher Professionalism in Learning Differentiation of Independent Learning for Students

Professional teachers are teachers who can carry out learning activities well. One of them is implementing independent differentiation of learning in the classroom. For this reason, research was conducted to conceptualize the paradigm of learning differentiation in the context of realizing students’ independent learning. This study uses qualitative field research, examining data sources in books and journal articles discussing learning differentiation, teacher professionalism, and independent learning. The data collection technique used is documentation in the form of data sources from various reference sources, both journal articles, research results, and reference books. The analysis technique is carried out by reading, identifying, and classifying the data, which is then analyzed and criticized based on theoretical concepts. This is where the findings in this study can be identified as follows: (1) the teacher must have a paradigm view that independent learning differentiation already exists in the classroom. The classroom is positioned as a space for the diversity and diversity of students. This difference is a privilege that must be explored in independent learning activities; (2) professional teachers can develop differentiation designs for students’ independent learning. Learning differentiation can be contextualized in the independent learning paradigm; and (3) teachers can implement independent differentiation of learning in the classroom through a series of activities: constructivism, inquiry, asking, study groups, modeling, reflection, and authentic assessment.

Workplace Emotions and Burnout: Implications for Practice and Research

This paper observes the possible grounds for job burnout among human resources professionals who receive unfortunate attention. Not only are emotions critical, but the inability to successfully manage those emotions can often lead to various forms of outbursts, affecting the general stakeholders. The gatekeeper of the business organization’s workforce, the human resource professionals, need to shine and brighten the entire organization. Emotional and spiritual intelligence and emotional labour strategies assessed by the authors from a paradigmatic view help frame the bondings as the several conduct emotions play out in the work atmosphere and bear burnout. We present a framework that draws attention to the institutionalization of Emotional Contagion Theory in connecting the antecedents of job burnout in business organizations. From the Emotional Contagion Theory’s point of view, job burnout and its direct and indirect influencers will open new perspectives in interpreting and analyzing small and medium-sized businesses’ knowledge that circulates in ubiquitous trade periodicals. Accordingly, in this paper, we have alluded to opportunities for researchers and human resource professionals to engage in spaced areas of job burnout and connect across paradigms of knowledge. We anticipate fueling future research and extent organizational dynamism of the complex yet impactful phenomenon of emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence and emotional labour strategies towards plummeting job burnout.

The perceived relevance of design thinking in achieving innovation goals: The individual microfoundations perspective

Numerous studies highlight that design thinking is being elevated to the strategic level, on the one hand, propelling designers to the top hierarchical level of the organization, on the other hand, making non‐design functions part of design‐based processes. The increasing adoption of design thinking has transformed how firms implement the related processes and techniques, opening areas of research on how managers differently perceive the relevance of design thinking in achieving innovation goals. In considering the individual dimension as our unit of analysis (i.e. managers), our study relies on the microfoundations theoretical lens to delve deeper into the individual design thinking perceptions of leaders/managers/employees. To do so, we conducted a survey of 197 Italian managers to investigate their different perceptions of the potential of design thinking in achieving innovation goals. The findings show that managers associate a new set of goals with design thinking against the paradigmatic view of a user‐centred practice to generate creative solutions. Indeed, market innovation, organizational change and strategic direction are recognized as goals achievable with design thinking. Moreover, as individuals, managers characterized by (i) different organizational functions, (ii) distinct organizational hierarchy and (iii) diverse organizational experiences differently perceive design thinking in terms of its pertinence to achieving specific innovation goals. By deepening the individual microfoundations dimension, this article contributes to the growing design thinking literature.

Paleobiological inferences on middle Eocenenative ungulates from South America: Functionalmorphological analysis of Notostylopsand Notopithecus.

Eocene early-diverging representatives of South American extinct notungulates are traditionally considered to have been "generalists"and "non-specialized"in terms of the appendicular skeleton and locomotor behavior, as is the case with the notostylopid Notostylops, a middle Eocene iconic taxon from Patagonia (Argentina). However, they are mainly known from dental remains, and associated cranial and postcranial elements are scarce. The discovery of a nearly complete specimen attributed to N. murinus allows us to: (1) increase the knowledge of the anatomy of its appendicular skeleton; (2) identify isolated bones from several collections and suggest different taxonomic interpretations for published specimens; (3) perform a biomechanical and functional study using functional morphological analysis to infer its paleoecological attributes (e.g. posture, locomotor habit, estimated speed, and body mass); and (4) establish morphofunctional comparisons, based on possible functional ranges, with other extinct early-diverging notoungulates from the middle Eocene, such as the Notopithecid Notopithecus. Our evidence suggests that Notostylops was a medium-sized mammal (8.5-20 kg), which could achieve a dynamic digitigrade posture that allowed a scansorial secondary locomotor habit and a speed of up to 50 km/h. However,Notopithecus was a small-sized mammal (0.6-1.4 kg) with a plantigrade posture both in a static and dynamic context, terrestrial habits, and a speed of up to 35 km/h. Therefore, we conclude that these Eocene notoungulates show different locomotor capabilities, which can be associated with early niche diversifications, clearly contrasting with the "all-generalists"paradigmatic view.

The Impact of Infused Autograft Absolute Numbers of Immune Effector Cells on Survival Post-Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation.

Autologous stem cell transplantation treatment has been viewed as a therapeutic modality to enable the infusion of higher doses of chemotherapy to eradicate tumor cells. Nevertheless, recent reports have shown that, in addition to stem cells, infusion of autograft immune effector cells produces an autologous graft-versus-tumor effect, similar to the graft-versus-tumor effect observed in allogeneic-stem cell transplantation, but without the clinical complications of graft-versus-host disease. In this review, I assess the impact on clinical outcomes following infusions of autograft-antigen presenting cells, autograft innate and adaptive immune effector cells, and autograft immunosuppressive cells during autologous stem cell transplantation. This article is intended to provide a platform to change the current paradigmatic view of autologous stem cell transplantation, from a high-dose chemotherapy-based treatment to an adoptive immunotherapeutic intervention.

A Book Review: Strategies for Theory Construction in Nursing (6th edition), by Lorraine Olszewski Walker and Kay Coalson Avant (2019). Pearson

The author in this article offers a review of Walker and Avant's 6th edition of Strategies for Theory Construction in Nursing. Thoughts and concerns about the limitations of theory construction, analysis, and evaluation informed by one paradigmatic view of science within a multiparadigm discipline are also shared.

"Knowing the Noise That Surrounds the Athlete": A Qualitative Study Exploring the Health-Seeking Behaviors of Athletes With Limb Deficiency Drawing on the Experiences and Perceptions of the Medical Staff and Athletes.

The aim of the study is to explore the health-seeking behaviors of athletes with limb deficiency, drawing on the experiences and perception of the sports medicine team and athletes. The study used an interpretive hermeneutic phenomenological methodology with a subtle realist paradigmatic view to investigate commonality in unique experiences within reality. Data collection was completed with two focus groups in December 2019 and March 2020. Thirteen participants took part including athletes and sports medicine team members (physiotherapists, doctors, and strength and conditioning coaches) working in parasports. Focus group manuscripts were transcribed verbatim from audio recordings. An inductive, iterative process was used to identify themes and subthemes, with processes in place to establish rigor. Two themes and five subthemes emerged in relation to the "internalization and adjustment to social identity" and "the importance and impact of factors, which impact the athlete social identity." Health-seeking behaviors of athletes with limb deficiency were influenced by a unique blend of personal and environmental factors that contribute toward social identity. The sports medicine team require specific awareness of factors that may diminish health-seeking behaviors to deliver a personalized approach and negate consequences.

The Politicization of Corporate Governance: A Viable Alternative?

Abstract It is now well-established that different markets may develop different growth-supporting institutions that can give rise to public firms and set capital markets in motion. Yet, the paradigm view still holds local alternatives as merely stepping stones, a transitional passage toward achieving a deeper and more advanced market, at which point conventional legal and market institutions—modeled on Anglo-American corporate capitalism—are still held necessary. Four decades of economic development in China challenge these conventions. With modern firms with global prominence and a capital market that is the second largest in the world, corporate governance in China seems to have passed the point of an “adjust or perish” prognostic. The system that governs Chinese firms and the ways in which capital markets function sustain strong governance attributes that go against many fundamentals in economics and legal thought. Political involvement and state ownership, both assumed to stand in the way of capital market growth, remain prevalent while the market continues to advance. Most strikingly, harmonization with conventional corporate governance been pushed aside as the Chinese Communist Party has decided to exercise an ever-more expansive and direct role in market activity. Public firms in present-day China are increasingly being governed by a “politicized corporate governance.” Political institutions with corporate governance capacities have been deployed both inside and outside firms. These institutions now buttress or even replace weaker traditional corporate governance mechanisms in the Chinese market. The implications are striking. First, despite justified reasons for alarm, a politicized corporate governance system in China can perform the main functions of corporate governance elsewhere, thereby offering some benefits for public firms and their stockholders. Second, these developments show how path-dependent corporate governance attributes, here political institutions, reject convergence predictions yet have enough plasticity to evolve and to support modern firms and markets beyond assumed thresholds and developmental milestones. In so doing, China’s politicized corporate governance casts doubts on law and development conventions as well as on both sides of a long-standing governance convergence debate. Finally, the politicization of corporate governance in China offers a new direction in comparative corporate governance scholarship, providing evidence of an instituted reversal from outwardly convergent corporate governance toward a new form of a planned economy.

Relevance of miR-223 as Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers in Cancer.

Simple SummaryMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that function in the regulation of gene expression and regulate a wide array of biological processes, including carcinogenesis. Several mechanisms are involved in miRNA-associated cancer development, such as amplification or deletion of miRNA genes, abnormal transcriptional control of miRNAs, dysregulated epigenetic changes, and defects in miRNA biogenesis machinery. MiRNA-223 has been found to be a critical miRNA that is involved in a wide range of molecular processes. It is involved in the regulation of inflammatory cytokines, epithelial homeostasis, immune checkpoint signaling pathways, apoptosis, cell cycle, cell proliferation, invasion, and chemosensitivity. Published literature has demonstrated that miRNA-223 expression is associated with cancer development and prevention. Mir-223 functions as either a tumor suppressor or oncogene under certain circumstances, containing multiple targets or specific targets. Hence, miR-223 could be a potential candidate diagnostic biomarker, prognostic biomarker, or therapeutic target of cancer.In 1993, the discovery of microRNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) altered the paradigmatic view of RNA biology and post-transcriptional gene regulation. Further study revealed the role of microRNAs in disease development and progression. In particular, this review highlights microRNA-223 (miR-223 or miRNA-223) expression in malignant neoplastic disorders. miR-223 expression controls aspects of hematopoiesis and apoptosis, and cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. miR-223 regulates a number of gene targets, including cytoplasmic activation/proliferation-associated protein-1 (Caprin-1), insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), and other cell proliferation- and cell cycle-associated genes. Several studies have proposed miR-223 as a novel biomarker for early cancer diagnosis. Here, we emphasize miR-223′s role in the development and progression of cancer.

Acquiring reason

AbstractIn the last decades, there has been a far‐reaching debate about whether reason is a natural power of the human animal or a socio‐historical achievement. This paper brings out and criticizes two paradigmatic views of reason entangled in that dilemma: the substantive view which construes reason as a primitive power possessing the basic forms of intelligibility; and the derivative view which traces back reason to non‐rational, natural‐historic processes. I approach the issue by discussing how Aristotle addresses the underlying predicament in Metaphysics Theta. The predicament persuades us to overdetermine or underdetermine our natural potentiality for reason because it ignores what I call Aristotle's main insight: the understanding from which rational capacities are exercised is acquired by undertaking appropriate activities. The measure of rational capacities is neither merely naturally determined nor merely socio‐historically inherited but relies on the engagement with the things falling under the purview of the pertaining activities. We must recover this Aristotelian insight, I argue, to avoid succumbing to either the substantive or the derivative view of reason.

Meta-ethnography

ABSTRACT Qualitative review procedures have developed significantly over the past 30 years; meta-ethnography being one. Meta-ethnography was originally located within an interpretivist world view and aimed at reviewing small numbers of qualitative studies, often involving small sample sizes. One of the defining features of meta-ethnography is that of theory generating. Whilst developed within healthcare literature, where particular procedures and processes are evident it is suited to the discipline of sports and exercise psychology. A notable gap in the healthcare literature is how meta-ethnographies honour ethnographies honour the theory generation. In order to apply the meta-ethnographic procedures, researchers need to appreciate the origins of the techniques, be aware of the impact of philosophical worldviews and critically appreciate the 7 prescribed stages. This paper seeks to; (a) provide a background to the area and overview of past meta-ethnographies within sport and exercise psychology, (b) identify the strengths and weaknesses of the approach, (c) provide a justification of assuming a social constructivist paradigmatic view to meta-ethnography, (d) provide an analysis of the 7 stages with clarity for a social constructivist and (c) provide directions for future application of meta-ethnography in sports and exercise psychology.

Co-Minding on Paradigmatic View of Community Problem-Solving: Introduction of Special Forum

Co-Minding on Paradigmatic View of Community Problem-Solving: Introduction of Special Forum