Sustainable Development Paradigm Research Articles

State and market mechanisms to support eco-investment: the experience of foreign countries

Research into the issues of ensuring sustainable economic growth without damage to the environment is now becoming more and more relevant. The previously implemented «model of resource-intensive economy» does not allow efficient use of natural resources, increases environmental risks, which, in general, leads to a decrease in productivity, generates additional costs and poses a threat to the country’s competitiveness. Within the framework of the paradigm of sustainable development, a new model of a «green» economy is being formed. In Russia, the transition from an extensive export-raw material model of the economy to environmentally sustainable development and the model of a «green» economy is associated with a reversal of «anti-sustainable» trends. This transformation requires significant investment. However, the difficulties of implementing a strategy for responsible or environmental investment are associated with the formation of the institutional framework and the implementation of state and market mechanisms to support eco-investment. The study of foreign practices in the application of state support measures and the implemented market instruments for environmental investment will determine the most successful experience and the possibility of adapting it to Russian conditions. The purpose of this article is to determine the institutional and market framework for the development of eco-investment in Russia, allowing for both investment and environmental benefits in the context of sustainable development based on the study of foreign experience. The author has carried out a systematic analysis of state and market mechanisms for supporting eco-investment, used in the European Union, South Korea and China, which makes it possible to assess the possibilities of their application in the Russian economy. The toolkit for supporting private investors, aimed at minimizing investment risks and stimulating investment support for «green» projects, has been identified. The study of the practice of eco-investment in Russia made it possible to identify the main obstacles to the development of these processes and identify the key tools for the wider application of eco-investment mechanisms in Russia.

Preserving the Rural Place: A Geotourism in a Globalized World

The traditional rural place signifies rural areas with small settlements, low population density, agrarian-based economies and a traditional society. This paper aimed at drawing the attention of the policy maker’s attention to the importance and need to create values from rural landscape and preserve the existing biodiversity of the local environment. People do first occupy a space that are transformed into a meaningful place or given a sense of place vital for navigating something like an abstract geometric space. Often time, this captures our live experience of the landscape. The global socio-ecological took roots from moral crisis emerging from unsustainable consumption and a new paradigm of sustainable development directed at holistic human development. As more than half of the Nigeria’s rural population live below poverty line speaks volumes that much needs to be done. Policies on ecosystem services need review for adequate protection for sustainable service delivery. Above all, provide opportunity for all to have synergies that promote the development of rural organization such as community–driven cooperative to enhance investment in essential infrastructures and services, and recognize the role of urban areas in fostering rural development. Keywords: Rural areas, Geo-tourism, Place, empowerment, Sustainable rural development DOI: 10.7176/JTHS/56-02 Publication date: May 31 st 2021

Tax and Technological Aspects of the Transition to Sustainable Energy

In today’s environment, the international community is facing a number of fundamental long-term problems, the solution of which is relevant for each country within the new paradigm of sustainable development. Key problems include the level of energy security of the national economy, increasing the energy efficiency of the national energy system, and increasing its environmental friendliness. The basis for the transition to sustainable energy is coordinated energy and tax policies. The latter should aim at establishing such rules and conditions for the national energy system that would make it more adaptable to new conditions and adoption of environmentally friendly green technologies.The article substantiates the need for a systematic approach to reforming the existing taxation in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. We study the basic principles of changing the domestic tax system in the direction of its greening, and, in particular, the use of the environmental tax as a tool for managing the impact on the energy system. We describe new properties of energy systems arising from the introduction of digital technology in the production and consumption of electricity and its impact on the level of adaptability of the energy system. Increasing the environmental friendliness and adaptability of the national energy system will facilitate the transition of the energy sector and economy to the path of sustainable development.

Migration security within the system of global security: mechanisms, principles, actors

This article is dedicated to migration security, which is viewed within the paradigm of sustainable development and as part of the global security system. The author attempts to reveal the mechanisms and principles that define the effect of migration security upon the political and social stability of the countries in the period of migration crisis. The role actors in achieving sustainable development through the discourse of global security is determined. For solving the set tasks, the article employs comparative and systematic approaches. The key factors of the global security system are identified. An assessment is given to migration processes and their impact upon the goals of sustainable development. The author carries out the analysis of the current European migration policy. The relevance and novelty of this article are substantiated by the the philosophical discourse of migration security and synergy, encompassing the global social security system; whereas this question has been previously studied with focus on the legal, demographic, ethnic, or economic aspects. Analysis is also conducted on the the stage-by-stage mechanisms of migration security implemented by the political regimes of majority of the developed democratic countries. Description is given to the three-tier system of interaction of agents in implementation of migration security. The author examines the content and attitude towards migrants in the EU border countries, and the impact of structural violence in society within the “own/alien” discourse. An alternate solution for solving the dilemma of social tension and retaining  the “thread of governance” in the question of mobility of the citizens is offered. The analysis is given to the Global Compact for Migration, its capabilities, and shortcomings. The author also provides a philosophical understanding of migration security.

«Roadmap» for the Development of Eco-sustainable Habitat in Architecture: Innovative Approaches

The environmental priorities of the formation of the habitat space in the context of the paradigm of sustainable development of architecture as a challenge to civilization are considered. An environmental approach has been developed in architectural and urban practice as an alternative to the formation of architectural objects. Current trends and perspectives of the environmental approach in the formation of an eco-positive habitat in the context of the use of sustainability principles in the design of energy efficient buildings have been defined. Innovative approaches to the organization of the spatial environment of the future have been revealed, integrated ecological systems of automated building management have been considered, as well as environmental techniques for the formation of architectural objects using autonomous energy supply. The concepts of sustainable architecture in the context of eco-oriented thinking have been demonstrated. Bio-tectonic concepts of the organization of spatial habitat in modern conditions, as well as prospects and strategy for the development of sustainable architecture of the future have been defined. It is proposed to consider the “road map” of urban civilization in the context of the formation of a comfortable and safe spatial habitat.

Planeación territorial a través de los sistemas complejos en una era de cambio ambiental. Caso: turismo


 El presente artículo habla sobre la aplicación de los sistemas complejos como un instrumento de análisis en la actividad turística. En el primer apartado se analizaron los conceptos y paradigmas del cambio climático en relación con el turismo. En el año 2020, el turismo fue uno de los sectores económicos más afectados por la restricción sanitaria (COVID-19). Lo cual trajo consigo una situación aún más complicada por los embates de innumerables fenómenos hidrometeorológicos extremos. La metodología propuesta se refiere a una exhaustiva revisión de los elementos que conforman el proceso de hacer turismo, tanto como, de la problemática que enfrenta en los procesos de ordenación y planeación del territorio. El producto de nuestra investigación fue proponer un modelo de análisis para las diferentes variantes del turismo, que juegan un papel muy importante en los procesos de configuración de la ciudad y el territorio. Los resultados de esta investigación pueden aplicarse como un instrumento de evaluación Inmersos en el paradigma del desarrollo sustentable.
 
 

Knowledge and Integrity in the Context of Sustainable Development

The main ideas and guidelines of The Concept of Sustainable Development are considered in the study, according to the Brundtland Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), as well as the goals for its practical implementation, established in contemporary strategies and policies locally and globally. These issues are related to the notion of a "knowledge economy", where the focus is on human capital, and knowledge and innovation are seen as key factors for development and growth. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the principles of good governance have been studied as a basis for sustainable development in the private and public sectors of the economy. In this regard, the scope of CSR is clarified, as well as the key areas of good governance. The role of knowledge and integrity in The Paradigm of Sustainable Development is clarified. Based on the practice in highly ranked universities in Europe and the United States, the relationship between the operation of ethical norms and standards, on the one hand, and the achievement of quality education and science, on the other, has been studied. Education, scientific achievements and innovations, in close unity with ethics, have been studied in relation to environmental protection and the achievement of welfare and prosperity. Special attention is paid to the current role of educational institutions in promoting The Concept of Sustainable Development through education. Emphasis is placed on the possibilities of higher education institutions to serve as a model for the actual application of this concept, and their graduates to be bearers of change and good practices in society.

New Trends in Scientific and Technological revolution (STR) and Transformation of Science and Education Systems in the Paradigm of Sustainable Development

Education and science play a key role in the vision and development of a fair, peaceful and sustainable society (global, continental, regional and national). Education is one of the crucial preconditions for the implementation of the UN global strategy “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” (“Agenda 2030”). Agenda 2030 sets practical challenges for governments to transform the education system (Education for Sustainable Development). Developments in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), robotics and intelligent systems are developing rapidly right now, purely now bring benefits (and, at the same time – probable danger and harm), directly now – significantly determine our existence – and will soon determine even more. When universities argue that 4IR should be given strong and close attention, it means that they can no longer rely only on traditional forms of human thinking and imagination, but also need thinking that depends on algorithmic computations of machines or forms of technology. In this sense, 4IR has changed not only what we do and how we do it, but also who we have become. The mission of the universities of the XXI century is to form a developed personality, a person of high cultural level, who can act in a situation characterized by significant environmental risks. Educational institutions must be transformed and improved as institutions that must create and strengthen a safe, non-violent, inclusive and effective learning environment for all members of society. Which, in the end, will help to achieve success in cooperation at all levels – both in education and science, and in society in general.

Intensive underground mining technologies: Challenges and prospects for the coal mines in Russia

The article presents the key features of underground coal mining that influence the development of mining technologies and mining equipment design. It covers the most important challenges faced by underground coal mining companies and discusses growth areas in mining technology that are aligned with the paradigm of sustainable development. Using the example of underground coal mining operations, it illustrates such concepts as the intelligent mine and the invisible mine, discussing how they can be brought to life. It also shows how underground coal mining companies can improve their productivity, OSH management, and environmental indicators to make their products competitive. As mining operations are becoming more intensive and the average depth of mining is growing, which is accompanied by an increase in both methane emissions and risks associated with rock mechanics processes, it is becoming vital to accurately predict how the rock mass will behave and, by applying stress-strain analysis, to identify hazardous zones and their boundaries. The article discusses several mine layouts and how their parameters are adjusted to ensure intensive mining. Among the factors that hinder growth in coal production, it highlights the underutilisation of high-performance mining equipment. It also contains a list of key principles aimed at fostering production growth in the underground coal mining sector and improving its competitiveness.

ОСМЫСЛЯЯ БЕДНОСТЬ: СОЦИАЛЬНОЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ КОНЦЕПЦИИ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ

This article is an attempt to structure the discourse on poverty and inequality, as it appears in the works of renowned philosophers, economists and sociologists. Globally, the problem of poverty and inequality remains unsolved and is aggravated by global crises and, most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic, posing a threat to social stability. The authors point out that, in the short and middle term, solution to this problem under the current paradigm of development seems highly unlikely. The sustainable development paradigm, which has been globally recognized, has numerous strong points; however, it also has a number of internal contradictions, especially regarding the social aspects of development. Therefore, a more socially oriented model of development could help overcome these drawbacks. With this goal in mind, the authors introduce the concept of responsible development, and dwell on the history of thought on the problem of poverty and inequality. This review could serve as a basis for further research of social policy, as well as for development of analytical and policy tools that pay more attention to the moral and ethical dimension of social issues.

ETYMOLOGY CONCEPT OF THE “ECONOMIC INCLUSION” IN THE CONTEXT OF CYCLIC DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMY

Purpose. The aim of the article is defining theoretical approaches and conceptual bases to the concept of inclusiveness in the economy in order to form new methodological approaches to the study of economic processes at the meso and micro levels. Methodology of research. The methods generally accepted in economics were used in the course of the research, in particular: monographic, system and structural (to determine the meaning of the concept of economic inclusion in the context of cyclical economic development). Findings. The analysis and systematization of theoretical approaches to the definition of the category “inclusion” in the economy are carried out. It is established that the process of inclusion in the economy is a tool to increase people`s participation in the creation, distribution, and consumption of economic goods. The necessity of distinguishing between the concepts of “inclusive growth” and “inclusive development” on the basis of the theory of economic cycles is substantiated. It is determined that economic inclusion is a tool for achieving the priorities of sustainable economic development. It is proved that the use of inclusion as an operational tool of the sustainable development paradigm is aimed at ensuring long-term and sustainable results of economic development at the micro and meso levels. Originality. The necessity of deepening the scientific discourse of economic inclusion, which requires localization and application of the principles of descending governance, is substantiated. For the first time, it is proposed to make a clear distinction between the processes of inclusive growth and inclusive development, which, in contrast to existing approaches, expands the theoretical and methodological basis for the study of economic inclusion at different levels of the economy. Practical value. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of integrating inclusive approaches to development strategies and forming practical tools for inclusive development and supporting inclusive growth of micro and meso economic entities by government agencies and representatives of business structures. Key words: inclusiveness, sustainable development, inclusive growth, inclusive development.

О ВЛИЯНИИ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ КЛИМАТА В РОССИЙСКОЙ АРКТИКЕ НА ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ СОЦИАЛЬНО- ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ И ПЕРЕХОДА К «ЗЕЛЕНОМУ» РОСТУ

The paper, regarding the latest data on climate change in the Arctic, is focused on selected methodological issues of estimating socioeconomic impact of climate change. A general description of forecasting models, considering climatic risks at regional level. It is shown that such models can be utilized as a tool for supporting working out and monitoring of long-term development of a region. Role and selected directions of transition to green growth at regional level within sustainable development paradigm.

Modern paradigms of Sustainable Development: Advantages and Disadvantages

The article presents an analysis of theoretical approaches and mechanisms for implementing the principles of sustainable development. The authors identify and analyze the main theoretical and methodological paradigms in relation to the concept of sustainable development: anthropocentric, biospherocentric and noospheric, identify the advantages and disadvantages of their epistemological potential. The paper examines the causal relationships and dependencies between economic, environmental and social processes in the context of the anthropocentric paradigm, defines the conditions and factors of sustainable development of economic systems of market organization.

Analysis of Extractive Industry Concentration in Russia as a Factor Hindering the Sustainable Development of the Regions

Modern economic growth is viewed through the prism of the paradigm of sustainable development. This work presents the reasons for the difficulties of transition to the sustainable development of an economy with a high share of extractive industry and shows that for the effective implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals it is necessary to change the economic model for reducing the role of this industry. The analysis of the extractive industry contribution to the gross regional product of Russia’s regions is carried out. The work considers changes in the extractive industry share, both in the country’s economy as a whole and in some of its regions. It is shown that, despite the decrease in this indicator value in most of Russia’s large regions, in general, the extractive industry share in GRP has increased. The dynamics in the level of the extractive industry concentration in regions is analyzed using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and the Krugman Index.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОГО АПК ТРЕБУЮТ АКТИВНОГО РЕШЕНИЯ

An economic assessment of the existing main trends in the socio-economic development of the agrarian spheres of the economy and its basic industry - agriculture is uncovered and their main internal systemic problems are revealed. The most significant results in three areas of fundamental research conducted in 2020 are considered. They dealt with the solution of issues of economic theory and principles of development of the country’s agro-industrial complex in the context of globalization of integration processes in the world economy, of the theory and mechanisms of formation of the social paradigm of sustainable development of rural territories, of complex research of the problems of transformation of land relations and land management in agriculture.

МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРНАЯ ПОВЕСТКА И РОССИЯ

The new phenomena of the world infrastructure practice are analyzed in the context of the paradigm of sustainable development. Special attention is paid to the conceptual and doctrinal design of new approaches to infrastructure development – the concepts of sustainable and high-quality infrastructure, responsible in-vestment. The efforts of the Russian Federation in this area are considered through the prism of the main trends in global infrastructure development. Conclusions are drawn about the key barriers that hinder the full-fledged development of the infrastructure complex, suggestions and recommendations are made on improv-ing approaches to the infrastructure development of Russia to achieve sustainable development.

Transformations of the XXIST century: characteristics of shaping the path of sustainable development in Japan

The paradigm of sustainable development emerged at the turn of the XX - XXI centuries and was elaborated in a number of international program documents. Japan has made important progress towards sustainable development and came up with its own innovative approaches in this area. This article presents the results of the author’s long-term study of Japan’s advancement towards more sustainable development. Based on analysis of many documents and programs, both international and Japanese, the author shows the key features of the Japanese approach to the concept of sustainable development and to its implementation.

ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ЗАХОДІВ ЩОДО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СТАБІЛЬНОГО РОЗВИТКУ БУДІВЕЛЬНОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

Sustainable development of construction enterprises depends on a large number of conditions and factors. In general, all factors can be divided into exogenous and endogenic. Unlike endogenic factors, the exogenous factors are not subject to control and regulation by the enterprise itself, but they have a significant influence on it. Socio-economic circumstances make it necessary to increase the interest in measures on sustainable development, since without analysis of the internal and external environment, identification of clear tasks and prediction of future trends, it is impossible to develop strategic and tactical measures on the mechanism of development in difficult conditions. Under the economic stability of the building enterprises need to understand the interaction of its key indicators, which ensure effective and safe work in the current period of time, and also guarantees it for the future taking into account the changes in the environment. The stability of construction enterprises provides such a condition, under which the most coordinated interaction of all its elements is ensured. In the modern economic space, problems of economic structures are possible decide only by pushing from the concept of adaptation and survival to a paradigm of sustainable development of construction business. The stable functioning of the enterprise can be achieved only by increasing the efficiency of the use of production resources, improving the mechanism of management and system development of personnel. As a result, it enables to form a dynamic whole system, which determines its development as effectively as possible both in the current period and in the future. This article provides theoretical substantiation of the basic measures on ensuring stable development of the building enterprise, substantiation of the process of formation and realization of development priorities in modern conditions. In addition, the analysis of the construction industry of Ukraine, analyzed the current development of the index of construction products.

Economic and legal factors of investment in subsoil use in the aspect of implementation sustainable development concepts

Following the paradigm of sustainable development presupposes a balanced solution of three tasks: ensuring economic growth, achieving social progress and improving the quality of the environment. However, the solution of environmental and social problems causes restrictions on economic activities. In this regard, there is a need to develop methodological approaches to the formation of organizational and economic relations and mechanisms in order, firstly, to resolve the contradictions between the economic and socio-environmental, and, secondly, to provide motivation to activate investment processes in a direction conducive to achieving goals of sustainable development of subsoil use. The problem of investment attractiveness becomes even more urgent, taking into account the special nature of industrial relations developing in subsoil use, which must be taken into account when implementing the concept of sustainable development.

Climatic adaptation as priority of sustainable development of the agrifood system in the southern regions of Russia

The article presents current and prospective estimates of the climatic changes parameters and their contradictory impact on the productivity of the agrifood system in the country’s southern regions. In the period up to 2030-2050, against the background of an increase in heat supply and duration of crop season, a mixed arid-humid type of moistening will have been predicted with an increase in aridization towards an increase in the frequency of droughts, including soil ones, as well as increased harmfulness of certain types of agricultural pests and pathogens. A new climate-adapted paradigm of sustainable development of the agrifood system in the South of Russia, based on Climate-Smart Agriculture, is proposed. The priority measures of climatic adaptation of the agrifood system in the South of Russia are grounded in connection with the growth of the spacing of winter crops, heat-loving, fruit and berry crops, vineyards; water-saving and moisture-retaining technologies; phytosanitary measures for the prevention and control of climate-dependent pests; agrotechnical methods of increasing the adaptive potential of crops to climate change; climate-adaptive schemes for the use of pastures; engineering of highly productive and climate-resistant agrophytocenoses and agroecosystems. Measures to stimulate climatic adaptation of the agrifood system in the South of the Russian Federation should involve the development and inclusion in the sectoral State Program of the Russian Federation of the Adaptation of Agriculture of the Constituent Entities of the South of the Russian Federation to Climate Change pilot section with an annual competition of regional agro-climatic projects based on budget COFUND; financing farms for the implementation of climate-adapted and related agricultural activities, climate insurance.