Papum Pare District Research Articles

Evaluation of Knowledge Level of Farmers on Package of Practices for Composite Fish Culture in Papum Pare District of Arunachal Pradesh, India

An investigation on impact of training and demonstration programme on composite fish culture (CFC), for farmers of Papum Pare district Arunachal Pradesh, were undertaken to ascertain technical knowhow on standard package of practices for successful CFC with six parameters viz, 1. Fish species selection, 2. Fish species ratio combination, 3. Fish seed stocking stages (fry and fingerling) 4. Fry/fingerling treatment (NaCl), 5. Fish stocking density, 6. Pre and post-stocking management. Six villages were selected namely: Mani, Midpu, Chiputa, Balapu, Emchi and Upper Jumi.; 30 fish farmers from each village comprising 180 farmers were part of investigation. As per the baseline survey in the beginning on average 80% of farmers had a low level of knowledge about fish species selection followed by 12% medium and 8 % high. 82% had a low level of knowledge about, fish species ratio combination, 10% medium and only 8% had high knowledge on CFC. 81% had a low level of knowledge on fish seed stocking stages (fry and fingerling) followed by 10% and 9% respectively for medium and high. 91% had a low level of knowledge on fry/fingerling treatment (NaCl), followed by 6% medium and 3% high. 78% had low knowledge on fish stocking density followed by 13% and 9% for medium and high. 86% had low knowledge on pre- and post stocking management followed by 8% and 6% for medium and high respectively. After imparting training and Front line demonstration (FLD) programme at farmers door step on successive year, knowledge on fish species selection for low medium and high was 9%, 11% and 80 % respectively. 20%, 41% and 39% for low, medium and high on fish species ratio combination, 9%, 13% and 78% on fish seed stocking stages. 16%, 36% and 48% for low, medium and high knowledge on fry/fingerling treatment (NaCl), 11%, 19% and 70 % for low, medium and high knowledge on fish stocking density and 15%, 21% and 64% for low, medium and high knowledge on Pre and post-stocking management. Average fish production increase from 0.78 tone/ha/yr to 1.54 tone/ha/yr (97.4% increase) after imparting training and demonstration, which implies training and demonstration on CFC has significant impact on increase fish production per hectare of pond, through the power of knowledge gained by farmers on technical knowhow on CFC.

A new species Begonia ziroensis and a new record of Begonia siamensis from Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India

ABSTRACT A new species, Begonia ziroensis D.Borah, Taram & M.Hughes is described herein based on collections made in Ziro Valley of Lower Subansiri District of Arunachal Pradesh. It is distinct from all other species in the region in having a combination of small deeply lobed leaves with very dense fleshy short hairs covering the ovary. Another species, Begonia siamensis, collected from Papum Pare district of Arunachal Pradesh is newly recorded for the flora of India.

Use of Social Media in Education: Attitudes of Undergraduate Students of Arunachal Pradesh

The use of social networks is spreading around the globe. Every day, their multifaceted applications and requirements grow. Research reveals that they still have a limited impact on science and education. We think social networks have the capacity to develop fresh circumstances and chances that boost students’ interest in studying. The use of social media in educational process is largely depends on the teachers and the students, how they deal with the social networking for their purposes in a useful manner. Whether, they are ready for it, what type of attitude they have towards use of social media is needed to know. Many researches has been conducted in various places indicated that students show positive attitudes and beliefs about social media use in education. But the situation may differ in different places, as it depends on the availability of network and other aspects. To know the attitude of undergraduate students of Papum Pare district of Arunachal Pradesh, the researchers carried out this piece of research. Total 100 undergraduate students were selected as samples, and a self- made attitude scale has been used for data collection. It has been found that the attitudes of undergraduate students are favourable towards use of social media in education irrespective of their gender.

A Study on the Attitude of Higher Secondary School Students Towards Drug and Alcohol in Papum Pare District of Arunachal Pradesh

Introduction: Addiction is a condition characterized by a strong desire to continue using a drug to which one has become addicted due to overconsumption because it produces a specific effect, most commonly a change in mental status. A strong desire to obtain the drug, a tendency to increase the dose, a mental or physical dependence, and negative consequences for the individual and society. In today's world, adolescent alcoholism and drug abuse are extremely serious problems. In our country, underage drinking is a major public health concern. Alcohol is the most commonly abused substance among today's youth, and adolescent drinking poses serious health and safety risks. Research Methodology: a. Research Design: Descriptive cum Normative survey method has been adopted for this research. b. Method of the Study: Retro prospective method of research where attempt has been made to study the Drug and Alcohol Attitude of higher secondary school students of Papum Pare of Arunachal Pradesh. Results and Discussion: The Drug and Alcohol attitude Mean Score of 300 school students of Papum Pare District was found to be 75.07. The mention mean score (75.07) comes under moderate and it is interpreted as ‘Average Drug and Alcohol’ level. Hence it shows that School students of Papum Pare district possess average Drug and Alcohol Attitude. The calculated t-value (-4.30) of Male and Female which is less than critical value (1.97) at 0.05 level of significance with Degree of Freedom (2.98). Therefore, the null hypothesis “there is no significant difference between Drug and Alcohol attitude of Male and Female School students of Papum Pare District of Arunachal Pradesh” is accepted. the calculated t-value (-1.61) of APST and NON-APST higher secondary school students is less than critical value (1.97) at 0.05 level of significance with Degree of Freedom 298. Therefore, the null hypothesis “there is no significant difference between Drug and Alcohol attitude of APST and NON-APST higher ....

Selaginella likabalika Aran & Roy sp. nov: a new species from Arunachal Pradesh, India

A new species of Selaginella i.e., Selaginella likabalika is described in the present study. The species was collected from Likabali, under the Lower Siang district and Karsingsa, under the Papumpare district of Arunachal Pradesh. The new species can be easily confused to be mosses due to their similar appearance and habitat resemblance. The species is minute, prostrate and generally covers the ground like a carpet. The morphology of the new species is close to Selaginella armata, S. apoda, S. confusa and S. flacca but can be differentiated by leaf features.

Groundwater spring potential zonation using AHP and fuzzy-AHP in Eastern Himalayan region: Papum Pare district, Arunachal Pradesh, India.

In the present study, the groundwater spring potential zone (GSPZ) was identified using an integrated approach of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and fuzzy-AHP based on multicriteria decision-making (MCDM). Thus, ten associated factors with groundwater springs have been considered: slope, drainage density, lineament density, geomorphology, lithology, soil texture, land use and land cover, rainfall, groundwater level, and spring discharge. The analysis output was categorized into low, moderate, and high. The result of the AHP model shows the area under the high potential zone (16.61%), the moderate potential zone (60.42%), and the low potential zone (22.61%). The result of the fuzzy-AHP model shows that the area falls under the high potential zone (30.40%), moderate potential zone (41.29%), and low potential zone (22.61%). The validation results showed fuzzy-AHP with the area under the curve 0.806, which is slightly better than 0.779 of AHP. So, the resulting GSPZ map confirms that the thematic layers used in the study have a significant role in groundwater spring occurrence and distribution. It was recommended that any groundwater spring rejuvenation or protection activities must be implemented in medium to very high potential zones.

Need for accelerating tobacco control in India: findings from the national cancer registry programme.

To describe the epidemiology of cancer in sites associated with tobacco use in India, according to recent findings from the National Cancer Registry Programme. The data on cancers in sites associated with tobacco use has been sourced from 28 population-based and 58 hospital-based cancer registries of the National Cancer Registry Programme in India. The data covering a period of 5 years (2012-2016) was taken up for analysis. The highest age-adjusted incidence rate (AAR) among males was reported in the Aizawl district in Mizoram (197.3 per 100 000). The AAR was the highest (121.1 per 100 000) in the Papumpare district in females. The top five leading sites were cancers of the lung (10.7%), mouth (8.7%), oesophagus (6%), tongue (6%) and stomach (5%) among males and cancer of the cervix (10.3%), lung (4.3%), oesophagus (3.3%), mouth (3.3%) and tongue (2.7%) in females. The highest significant increase in AAR, indicated by the annual percentage change was seen among males in Aurangabad (3.4) and females in Kamrup urban (2.4). Except for lung cancer, most patients with other cancer types among both genders presented to the health facility with a locoregional (spread to nearby lymph nodes) disease spread. It is projected that in 2025, there will be 694367 cases of cancers in the sites associated with tobacco use. Tobacco uses in either form and cancer in sites associated with tobacco use are an important matter of public health concern in India. Cancer registries play a crucial role in identifying populations with high cancer incidence in sites associated with tobacco use, monitoring the trends over time, and evaluating the impact of tobacco control measures.

Epidemiology of human papillomavirus related cancers in India: findings from the National Cancer Registry Programme.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes more than one-fourth of infection related cancers globally. The present study summarises the epidemiology of HPV related cancers in India, with a special focus on cervical and oropharyngeal cancer, utilising the National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP) data. The data on HPV related cancer incidence and treatment were extracted from 28 population-based and 96 hospital-based cancer registries under the NCRP network. Incidence was presented as rates, clinical extent of disease and treatment provided as percentages. Joinpoint regression analysis was performed to calculate annual percent change in age adjusted incidence rates (AARs) over time. Incidence of HPV related cancers for 2025 was projected. Among all cancers, 7.5% were HPV related cancers. Cervical cancer (87.6%) and oropharyngeal cancer (63.2%) were the most common HPV related cancers in India among females and males, respectively. Cervical cancer was highest in Papumpare district (AAR: 27.7 per 100,000) and oropharyngeal cancer among males in East Khasi Hills district Population Based Cancer Registry (AAR: 11.4 per 100,000). In most PBCRS, cervical cancer incidence rate decreased significantly over the period of time. The majority of these cancers presented at locoregional spread stage of the disease and were treated with chemoradiation. The projected incidence of HPV related cancers is expected to increase to 121,302 by 2025. Implementation of effective prevention and control strategies like HPV vaccination and scaling up of screening could reduce the burden of HPV related cancers. Evidence from NCRP serves as the baseline to monitor the impact of HPV related policies and programmes in improving the outcome and prognosis.

<I>Boesenbergia</I> (Zingiberaceae): a new generic record for flora of Arunachal Pradesh

The genus Boesenbergia (Zingiberaceae) is recorded from North-eastern Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh for the first time with recent collection of B. kingii from Papum Pare district.

Development of Cancer Care in Northeast India.

Northeast India, a region of geographic, cultural, and ethnic diversity comprises ofAssam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura, and Sikkim. Geographically, two-thirds of the area is hilly terrain. The North Eastern Region (NER) shows marked diversity in customs, cultures, cuisines, traditions, and languages. The Aizawl district of Mizoram (269.4) and the Papumpare district of Arunachal Pradesh (219.8) have the highest age-adjusted incidence rates (AAR) of cancer among males and females, respectively. Meghalaya has the highest relative proportion of cancers associated with tobacco use, with 70.4% in men and 46.5% in women. This correlates with the high prevalence of tobacco use. The Dr Bhubaneswar Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, was inaugurated in 1973. The Institute currently conducts M.Ch. Surgical Oncology, Head and Neck Oncology and Gynaecologic Oncology, and DM courses in Medical Oncology and Onco-pathology. The year 2019 saw the creation of a high-dose radioisotope therapy ward. Allogenic Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) was started in 2021-2022. State Cancer Institute (SCI), Guwahati, houses a medical cyclotron, which is the only one in Northeast India. Assam Cancer Care Foundation (ACCF) is a joint venture between the Government of Assam and the Tata Trusts, with a three-level cancer grid. The Cachar Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (CCHRC) offers holistic, subsidised cancer care to over 4000 new patients every year. North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS) offers endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and mediastinoscopy services, enabling accurate staging of lung cancers. While the cancer care facilities in NER have grown over the years, it is not commensurate with the high incidence of cancers in the region.

THE ISSUES OF ONLINE MODE OF TEACHING IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE TEACHER EDUCATORS IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH

During the Covid crisis, the teaching community has undergone a sudden shift of teaching approaches from ofine to online. This sudden shift did not go well with most Teacher Educators of the Papumpare district of Arunachal Pradesh. With the rest of the teaching community of the higher education institute of India, they too had undergone suffering from many psychological disturbances and several adjustment issues, leading to not giving their best to their teaching task. The present study aims to nd out the Issues of Online Mode of Teaching in Covid 19 Pandemic with Special Reference to the Teacher Educators in Arunachal Pradesh; for this purpose, the researchers have selected all four teacher education institutes located at the Papumpare district of Arunachal Pradesh. The data was collected by conducting telephonic interviews with 36 teacher educators. Furthermore, the teacher educators were selected as per the convenience of the researchers.

Descriptive Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Cancers: Results from National Cancer Registry Programme, India.

Purpose:This study aims to determine the incidence, histology, clinical extent of disease, and trends of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers in India. Methods:GI cancer cases diagnosed between 2012-2016 from 28 Population-Based Cancer Registries and 58 Hospital Based Cancer Registries under the National Cancer Registry Programme were included. Crude incidence rate and age-standardized incidence rates (AARs) were calculated. Joinpoint regression program, 4.0.1 was used for trend analysis for data from 1982 to 2016, and a P-value of <<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:GI cancers’ occurrence was more common among men (60.5%) than in women (39.5%). The incidence of GI cancer was highest in India’s northeast region, Aizawl district (AAR 126.9) among males, and in Papumpare district (AAR 75.9) among females. The commonest cancer among men was cancer of the esophagus (28.2%), followed by stomach cancer (21%) and rectum cancer (14.3%). Among women, cancer of the esophagus (25.7%), gallbladder (23.8%), stomach (14.8%), and rectum (14.6%) were common. Adenocarcinoma (57.83%) was the commonest type of GI tumors, followed by Squamous Cell neoplasms (25.99%). Majority of the GI cancers presented at the locoregional stage, but cancer of the gall bladder and pancreas presented at advanced stages. A rising trend for cancers of the colon, rectum, liver, gall bladder, pancreas was seen, while a declining trend was observed for stomach and oesophageal cancer. Conclusion:Our study highlights an increasing magnitude of GI cancers across different regions of India. Cancer registries form an essential tool for surveillance of GI cancers thus guiding prevention, early detection, and control programs.

OBSERVATIONS ON BENGAL MONITOR LIZARD, VARANUS BENGHALENSIS IN ITANAGAR, ARUNACHAL PRADESH, INDIA: A REPORT

Bengal Monitor Lizard, Varanus benghalensis, occurs on places, which are far from human settlements but in the present study, its presence was reported for the first time at three different public places in Itanagar, Papum Pare district, Arunachal Pradesh, the eastern Himalayan region. The sites of observation are parts of or adjacent to the Itanagar Wildlife Sanctuary, a global biodiversity hotspot of India. The size of the individuals observed was not large enough to attack any livestock. Moreover, conservation imbibed traditions among most local people suggested tolerance and offered a positive scenario for the survival of the species. However, the conservation of this 'Near Threatened' species seems necessary for the larger interest of biodiversity and humanity

A Study of Organisation and Management of College Libraries of Papum Pare, Arunachal Pradesh

The prime goal of a library is to assemble, organise, conserve, disseminate and provide an access to various library resources to their user community. This study provides an inner metamorphose witnessed by libraries in Papum Pare district of Arunachal Pradesh both in their organisation and management in their service structures. An attempt is made to understand the status of the organisation and management of various operations being facilitated in the libraries of Papum Pare District. The study is conducted among the library staff and users of the respective college libraries. The users are students and faculty members of nine numbers of studied colleges. The focus exhibited in the study is mainly on the different aspects of organisation, organisational structures, organisational charts, library management aspects and various managerial functions in the libraries. Various issues related to libraries collections, physical facilities and services provided, strategies adapted in organisation and management, problems encountered by the library management in the functioning of library resources, the effect of current management practices on the quality of services offered and users’ satisfaction in the libraries of the studied colleges are examined in this study. The data collected were analysed using a simple percentage technique.

Ecological diversity of Phylloplane Mycoflora of medicinal plants in Naharlagun, Papumpare District, Arunachal Pradesh, India

Leaves constitute the major part of exposed plant surface. They are open to infestation or sporotropic colonization by air dispersed or splash dispersed mycoflora. The leaves provide unique environment to their surface occupants. The topography of the leaf surface, the microclimate around the leaves and the typical leaf exudate influence the growth and development of varieties of leaf surface micro-organisms and in turn determine the vitality of the plant concerned. In this context survey on the occurrence of Phylloplane fungi on leaf surfaces of eight important medicinal plants viz; Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don, Houttuynia cordata Thunb., Solanum lycopersicum Lam., Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng., Eryngium foetidum L., Clerodendrum glandulosum Lindl., Ocimum sanctum, Capsicum chinense Jacq. From the present study it is being concluded that most abundant phylloplane fungi are Alternaria sp, Penicillium sp, and Aspergillus sp with high value of relative abundance. The number of identified fungal strains were analyzed to obtain relative abundance, species richness, evenness, Shannon Wiener diversity index, Simpson dominance index, and community similarity index. The Shannon Wiener diversity index, Simpson dominance index species richness index, species evenness index was estimated high in Solanum lycopersicum followed by Houttuynia cordata, Ocimum sp, Eryngium foetidum etc. In all the selected medicinal plants same fungal community structure was obtained based on the calculation of similarity index.

AHP and GIS-based Delineation of Groundwater Potential of Papum Pare District of Arunachal Pradesh, India

Abstract Water is crucial to human survival. Studies on surface water are well documented but precise knowledge of groundwater resources is difficult. Thus, accurate knowledge of groundwater resources could meet the necessities of water at present and in the long run. Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographical Information System (GIS) together with multicriteria parameters has emerged as an efficient technique for delineation of groundwater potential in recent decades. However, no efforts to delineate the groundwater potential have been attempted in the study area till date. Hence, in this study, the groundwater potential of Papum Pare district of Arunachal Pradesh was delineated by combining AHP, overlay analysis, GIS, and ten thematic layers (geomorphology, geology, slope, lineament density, drainage density, rainfall, distance from the major river, topographic wetness index, soil texture, and land use/land cover). The results show about 64% of the area under poor groundwater potential. Moderate and good groundwater potential is found in 31% and 5% of the area. Map-removal and single-parameter sensitivity analyses revealed that the groundwater potential map is most sensitive to the annual average rainfall with a mean variation index of 1.05% and a weight of 19.07%. The flood/alluvial plains, Siwalik formations with sediments, and level to gentle slopes receiving high rainfall show good potential, and the dissected hills/ valleys, metamorphic rock assemblages, steep slopes with low rainfall reveals poor groundwater potential. The overall accuracy of 81.25% with a Kappa coefficient of 0.72 explains good agreement between the reference data and the map. The estimated area under good groundwater potential appears too little concerning the increasing population and urbanization. Therefore, the state government in general and the water resources and planning department in particular need to formulate suitable strategies to combat the water scarcity scenario waiting ahead. The study suggests raising the use of surface water from nearby rivers to lessen the pressure on groundwater resources.

Begonia arunachalensis (Begoniaceae), a new tuberous species of Begonia from Arunachal Pradesh, India

A new species, Begonia arunachalensis D.Borah &amp; Wahlsteen (Begoniaceae) is described and illustrated. It is distributed in Papum Pare District of Arunachal Pradesh where it grows near streams in rock crevices. Begonia arunachalensis is similar to B. brevicaulis A.DC. but differs in its pendent fruits, number of locules and capsule wings, and longer lateral wings. It belongs to Begonia sect. Diploclinium.

Understanding the cause and effect relationship of debris slides in Papum Pare district, Arunachal Himalaya, India

Understanding the cause and effect relationship of debris slides in Papum Pare district, Arunachal Himalaya, India

Distribution and diversity of climbing species in Papum Pare District of Arunachal Pradesh, India

An investigation on the taxonomic diversity of climbing plants occurring in Papum Pare District, Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India was conducted. A total of 187 species distributed over 55 families and 117 genera were collected and identified from the various forest areas of the district. Apart from one gymnosperm and five pteridophytes, all species belong to the angiosperm group. Fabaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Convolvulaceae, Vitaceae, and Apocynaceae were found to be the most dominant. Piper, Dioscorea, Ipomoea, and Rubus were dominant at the genus level. The study also revealed that majority of the climbers adopted twining mechanisms (43.85%) to ascend their host. It was found that a majority of the species were distributed below 500m with a decrease in diversity with altitudinal increment. The diversity of species above 1,500m was very limited where only 23 species were reported. Habitat degradation because of rapid developmental activities with limitation of the supporting tree species was found to be a serious threat to climbing plants.

Cancer scenario in North-East India & need for an appropriate research agenda.

Background & objectives:The North-Eastern (NE) region has the highest incidence of cancer in India, and is also burdened by higher prevalence of risk factors and inadequate cancer treatment facilities. The aim of this study was to describe the cancer profile of the NE region, focussing on the cancer sites that have high incidence and to identify research priorities.Methods:Incidence data from population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) in the North-East region (8 States) were utilized and relevant literature was reviewed to identify risk factors.Results:Aizawl district in Mizoram had the highest incidence of cancer in men [age-adjusted rate (AAR) of 269.4 per 100,000]. Among women, Papumpare district of Arunachal Pradesh had the highest incidence (AAR of 219.8) in India. East Khasi Hills district in Meghalaya had the highest incidence of oesophageal cancer (AAR of 75.4 in men and 33.6 in women). Aizawl district in Mizoram had the highest incidence of stomach (AAR–44.2 in men) and Papumpare district had highest incidence of stomach (AAR 27.1 in women), liver (AAR– 35.2 in men and 14.4 in women) and cervical cancers (AAR– 27.7). Lung cancer (AAR– 38.8 in men and 37.9 in women) and gall bladder cancer incidence (AAR– 7.9 in men and 16.2 in women) were highest in Aizawl and Assam (Kamrup urban) PBCRs, respectively. Nagaland had the highest incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer (AAR of 14.4 in men and 6.5 in women), a relatively rare cancer in other regions of India. Four States (Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Sikkim and Tripura) in NE had only one cancer treating facility.Interpretation & conclusions:Further research on specific aetiological factors in the region and multi-disciplinary research for development of tools, techniques and guidelines for cancer control are the need of the hour.