Papua Special Autonomy Research Articles

Dana otonomi khusus Papua, tingkat pembangunan daerah, dan kapasitas pajak

As an asymmetric decentralization instrument, special autonomy fund has a crucial contribution to achieve the development goals as well as being written at Law 21/2001 about Papua Special Autonomy. However, its application was not optimized enough in due to misallocation of local expenditures suited to constitutional requirements which affected to inequality of local development’s level. Although the level of development is expected to influence the local tax capacity improvement as a representative of independent and sustain funding resources. This study aims to investigate the impact of special autonomy fund to tax capacity at 40 of 42 municipalities in Papua and West Papua Province from 2010 until 2019. Using balanced panel assumption and two-stage least square (2SLS) method which expected the endogeneity on level of development variable that can be mentioned as one of taxable capacity, the result showed that there was not a simultaneity problem with any evidence said special autonomy fund effected indirectly to tax capacity. Instead, its fund had an incentive on increasing per capita income. Yet, the improvement of per capita income cannot affect the local tax capacity significantly. Several policy recommendations that can be given with this study are adjustment process in local government expenditure allocation which suited with current constitutional documents, optimization in productive sectors, also tightening and re-evaluating from the planning process until supervising and responsibility process in revenue, expenditure, administration, and institutional sides.

Papua Special Autonomic Fund Management Strategies in Sustainable Development Perspective in Papua

This article describes the implementation of special autonomy (Ots) policies in Papua through the management of the Special Autonomy Fund by formulating a strategic plan for sustainable development. Strategic Planning Program and Other Programs for Sustainable Development to Initiate and Promote Development in Papua. The purpose of this study is to analyze and understand the procedures for managing the Special Autonomy Fund. The method used is qualitative by studying, interpreting, explaining, analyzing, and interpreting various forms of procedures for managing the Special Autonomy Fund for Papua's Sustainable Development. As a result, it appears that the Papua Special Autonomy Fund's operations are weak, community participation is small, and the budget is ineffective. When the Special Autonomy Fund was implemented, there were no irregularities in its use. However, Papuans feel that there is a lack of funds for special autonomy compared to the many demands and expectations of the people in this area. Therefore, the management of these funds must be transparent and honest, and the community must also be involved in the preparation of Papua's sustainable development programs.

Partai Politik Lokal di Daerah Otonomi Khusus: Perbandingan Yuridis Aceh dan Papua

The existence of local political parties is one of the special powers for Aceh and Papua Provinces. Unlike Aceh, the rules regarding local political parties in Papua are not clearly stated in Law no. 21 of 2001 concerning Special Autonomy for Papua Province. This paper attempts to analyze the comparison between Law Number 11 of 2006 concerning the Government of Aceh and Law Number 21 of 2001 on Special Autonomy for the Province of Papua regarding local political parties, and the consequences for Aceh and Papua of differences in local political party arrangements. The method that the author uses is library research with a law approach and a sociological approach. The results of the research show that the Aceh special autonomy law contains 20 articles concerning the formation of local political parties. Furthermore, the existence of local political parties in Aceh can be seen in the participation of some of these parties in the 2009 2014 and 2019 general elections. While Article 28 of the Papua Special Autonomy Law which accommodates political parties does not have permanent legal force to be further interpreted as local political parties. it is also not applicable because it is not equipped with government regulations regarding the formation of local political parties in Papua. Even the Constitutional Court through its decision Number 41/PUU-XVII/2019 rejected the judicial review of Article 28 of the Papua Special Autonomy Law.

Accountability and Community Participation as Moderates on the Relationship between the Council's Knowledge of the Budget and Supervision of the Management of the Papua Special Autonomy Fund

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the knowledge of the members of the council about the budget on the supervision of the Papua special autonomy fund with accountability and community participation as moderating variables that will strengthen or weaken the relationship. The unit of analysis in this study is a member of the council at the office of the Papuan People's Representative Council (DPRP) and employees of the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency of Papua Province. The number of respondents in this study were 111 respondents. Data was collected using direct surveys and the research hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis. The results of the study indicate that the board's knowledge of the budget variable has an effect on the supervision of Papua's special autonomy funds. In addition, it can also be proven that the interaction between public participation and knowledge of the budget affects the supervision of special autonomy funds. On the other hand, the interaction between accountability and the board's knowledge of the budget does not affect the supervision of special autonomy funds.

Analisis Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Dana Otonomi Khusus Papua

Dampak dari pengelolaan dana yang tidak maksimal ini berimbas kepada tidak dirasakannya manfaat yang berarti dalam mendorong kesejahteraan masyarakat. Dalam sebuah laporan yang disusun oleh (Sekjen dan BK DPR RI, 2020) menjelaskan bahwa berdasarkan amanat UU No.21 Tahun 2001 tentang Otonomi khusus bagi Provinsi Papua ayat (3), dana otsus ditujukan untuk pembiayaan pendidikan dan kesehatan. Oleh karenanya dalam meingat pada UU tersebut maka cita-cita dari diberikannya otsus adalah untuk mengurangi kesenjangan, meningkatkan taraf hidup, dan kesejahteraan rakyat khususnya di Provinsi Papua dan Papua Barat. Namun demikian, cita-cita ini terasa tidak berjalan maksimal yang salah satunya dikarenakan permasalahan pada alur pendanaan Otsus. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini ditujukan untuk melihat bagaimana program kebijakan Otsus Papua khususnya pada Papua Barat dalam mensejahterakan masyarakat dan kendala apa saja yang ditemui dari sisi akuntabilitasnya. Dalam tulisan ini, penulis melakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan tahapan: pengumpulan data, analisis data dan penulisan laporan. Untuk pengumpulan data, penulis menggunakan studi kepustakaan (library research).
 Dari data yang ada menunjukkan bahwa walaupun terdapat tren peningkatan IPM di Provinsi Papua dan Papua Barat, peningkatan IPM pada kedua provinsi tersebut masih menduduki posisi terendah diantara 34 Provinsi di seluruh Indonesia. Dalam kurun waktu 20 tahun pelaksanaan Otonomi khusus masih menyisakan permasalahan khususnya pada persoalan pengelolaan dana Otonomi khusus sehingga dampak dari ketidakefek tidak penggunaan dana ini berdampak pada lambatnya pertumbuhan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Selain itu adanya faktor politik yang kerap kali menjadi hambatan dalam pengelolaan dana ini juga mejadi tantangan tersendiri. Hal ini didasari pada fakta penerapan Otusus pada tahun-tahun sebelumnya yang masih mengalami permasalahan yang sama. Oleh karenanya, kedepan diperlukan kebijakan yang dapat mengatur dengan tegas mengenai audit kinerja dana Otsus di Papua dan Papua Barat hal ini dikarenakan salah satu masalah besar yang menjadi hambatan dalam efektifitas penggunaan Otsus adalah tentang akuntabilitasnya.

Pembinaan dan Pengawasan Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Daerah Otonomi Khusus di Papua

This study aims to analyze the performance of the Directorate of Regional Arrangement, Special Autonomy, and the Regional Autonomy Advisory Council in fostering and supervising the implementation of special autonomy in Papua, analyzing the supporting factors and obstacles to the performance of the guidance and supervision carried out by the directorate as well as analyzing the strategy of guidance and supervision in the administration of local government. Special autonomy in Papua. Descriptive qualitative research design through an inductive approach. Data obtained from observation, documentation, and interviews with key informants were then analyzed using triangulation to analyze supporting and inhibiting factors and strategies, used SWOT Matrix and Litmus Test. Based on the results of data analysis, it is concluded that; (1) the directorate's performance in fostering and supervising the administration of the particular autonomous regional government in Papua has not been optimal; (2) performance supporting factors. Namely, organizational legality, human resources, leadership commitment, inter-institutional linkages, national priorities and access to coordination communication as well as performance inhibiting factors, namely, limiting regulations, limited funding, differences in employee orientation, national disintegration, 'span' of control which is far away, and the commitment between stakeholders is not optimal and; (3) the strategy resulting from this research is the "K5" strategy, namely strengthening in terms of Institutional, Communication, Coordination, HR Quality, and IT Quality. From this conclusion, the researcher provides suggestions, namely restructuring the directorate, preparing guidance and supervision instruments in the implementation of Papua's special autonomy, expanding cooperation networks or partnerships with stakeholders, developing digital-based information systems, facilitating employees to attend training or workshops, and a commitment to realizing the "K5" strategy.

Укрепление традиционных общинных прав папуасов на землю и природные ресурсы

The ulayat rights of Papuan customary law communities over control of land and natural resources are rights granted by laws and regulations with a number of special powers. This study aims to analyze and provide a conception of strengthening the customary rights of the Papuan customary law community to control over land and natural resources. This research method uses a normative-juridical legal research type, which refers to the legal norms of legislation (statute approach), as well as legal theories and principles as supporters. This research is descriptiveanalytical, using qualitative analysis methods. The results of this study indicate that although the regulation of the customary rights of the Papuan customary law community has been in place for a long time, there are some basic things that need to be considered. Several regulations in the Perdasus do not represent the Papua Special Autonomy Law and tend to be contradictory. These provisions raise a number of problems for the Papuan indigenous peoples with regard to land ownership and the use of natural resources.

REFLEKSI ATAS PERLINDUNGAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA DI PROVINSI PAPUA

ABSTRACT
 The problem of handling Human Rights against Indigenous Papuans can be seen by the existence of violence and violations of human rights in all aspects of the lives of Indigenous Papuans in a systematic, sustainable and unstoppable manner. politics where the more indigenous Papuans are involved in politics, the faster the resolution of human rights in Papua because of the large number of representatives who are fighting for the liberation of the Papuan people, meaning that in this problem the Political Rights of Papuan Indigenous People in the National Legislative Body need to get support and protection of human rights on the ground Papua has not been able to run properly due to various indicators that have not been able to run properly. These indicators include the absence of a representative of the National Human Rights Commission; human rights courts, and truth and reconciliation commissions as well as the absence of special fund allocations in the field of human rights in the context of implementing the Special Autonomy Law in Papua, not only that this regulation does not work properly so that it has the potential to be increasingly unstoppable for human rights violations, in its implementation Human rights protection cannot run properly considering that in this regulation there is still uncertainty regarding the meaning, relationship, and purpose of the norms contained in the Papua Special Autonomy Law as well as unclear and limited special powers intended in the Autonomy Law Papua Special. This study emphasizes normative legal research and is balanced by looking at the condition of human rights violations in Papua by multiplying several literacies.
 

IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN OTONOMI KHUSUS PROPINSI PAPUA DALAM REKRUTMEN BRIGADIR POLISI REPUBLIK INDONESIA (POLRI) DI POLDA PAPUA

in terms of the recruitment of the Police Brigadier at the Papua Police. Then to describe and analyze the factors that support and hinder the implementation of the Papua Special Autonomy Policy in terms of the recruitment of the Police Brigadier at the Papua Police. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research approach by relying on data from interviews with informants, observation and research documentation. The results showed that the implementation of the special autonomy policy in the recruitment of Police Brigadiers at Polda Papua which includes the content of the policy (contens of policy) and the implementation environment (context of policy), has gone well and in accordance with what was targeted. The benefits of this are very much felt, especially Papuans who can compete and be accepted as a Police Brigadier through the Papua Special Autonomy Policy. The supporting factors are internal factors that exist within the National Police itself, namely the principles of cleanness, transparency, accountability and a humanist side and the concept of Local Boy for Local Job in implementing the implementation of the Papua Special Autonomy Policy in terms of the recruitment of Police Brigadiers at the Papua Police. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factor is the lack of consistency between the implementation instructions (Julkak) and the technical guidelines (Juknis) and the implementation in the field.

Provinsi Papua Sebelum dan Setelah 18 Tahun Pemberian Dana Otonomi Khusus

Papua Province is an area whose development is still lagging behind in Indonesia. The continually conflicts causes the development of the Province of Papua is very behind compared to other regions. To overcome this problem, the government provides special autonomy funds to make improvements in the fields of education, poverty, health, economic improvement and infrastructure. This study analyzes the differences in the fields of education, health and poverty before and after the granting of the Papua special autonomy fund. By analyzing these areas, we can see the effectiveness of the special autonomy fund after 18 years of funding by the central government. This study is a policy study (policy research) by collecting data and then analyzed into a conclusion and recommendation. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques are done through literature study and Focus Group Discussion. The results of this study indicate that the conditions of education, health, and poverty alleviation before and after special autonomy did not change significantly. The change is very slow when compared to the large amount of special autonomy funds allocated each year. This is caused by the institutional system of government that has not worked effectively and efficiently as well as in the quality and quantity of existing human resources.

PAPUA PEOPLE ASSEMBLY CHOOSES NON-MUSLIM LEADERS IN NON-MUSLIM MAYORITY REGIONS IN MASHID SYARI'AH PERSPECTIVE IN JAYAPURA CITY IN PAPUA PROVINCE

This paper elaborates on the Papuan People's Assembly Electing Non-Muslim Leaders in Non-Muslim Majority Areas in the Perspective of Mashid Syari'ah in Jayapura City, Papua Province. The results of this study indicate that the Papuan People's Council (MRP) elects leaders in non-Muslim majority areas in the perspective of maqasid syari'ah in Papua, in its role in the process of organizing the selection of prospective leaders in Papua, has taken away the rights of citizens in general. it is decided by the competent authority of the Papuan People's Assembly (MRP) following what has been decided by formal institutions, such as the General Election Commission (KPU) and traditional institutions that have been given authority according to law. In the provisions of Law No. 21 of 2001 on Papua Special Autonomy, there is no room or space for immigrants. As for the recruitment process for prospective leaders such as Governors and Deputy Governors based on Law No. 21 of 2001 The basic matters that constitute the contents of this Law include the arrangement of authority between the Government and the Provincial Government of Papua and the application of this authority in Papua Province which is carried out with specificity. This law places indigenous Papuans and the population of Papua in general as the main subjects. The existence of the Government, Provincial Government, Regency / City Government, as well as the apparatus under them, are all directed at providing the best service and empowering the people.

The Legislation Function of the Papua People Assembly in Papua Special Autonomy

Papua’s special autonomy is an important part its implementation in the form of roles and functions by the MRP. The presence of the MRP is the mandate of the law and the present Agencies with the aim of Otsus, and in its membership consist of a wide variety of indigenous territories as a form of partiality to the indigenous people for protection policies that favour. View of the construction of the norm, role as representative institutions in the implementation of frontier by the laws the invitation by assign the role of MRP in particular just as representative institusins and supervision and does not have the function of legislation. The function of legislation in the making of the regulation is not found on the MRP, giving restrictions in the exercise of the function of legislation which only give consent against Perdasus and MRP can not be proposing regulation specifically. Keywords : Majelis Rakyat Papua (MRP), Role and Function DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/100-12 Publication date: August 31 st 2020

Decentralization and Public Service Provision:A case Study of the Education Sector in Jayawijaya District, Papua, Indonesia

For decades, Indonesia's sovereignty over Papua has been contested, resulting in violent conflicts. In 2001, the introduction of Papua's special autonomy emerged as an integrative approach both to resolve conflicts and to accelerate development in the province. One of the key problems to be addressed was the improvement of the education sector. However, after more than a decade following its implementation, and despite increased financial support from the central government, the educational development in Papua has been disappointing. This article analyses the factors that have shaped the development of primary education in jayawijaya, a highland district in Papua. By gathering qualitative data from policy studies and in-depth interviews, this article identifies and examines three major challenges that have affected the development of primary education in Jayawijaya after decentralization: the uniformity of policy, the problem with incentives, and poor monitoring due to the misalignment of territorial and functional structures. These findings demonstrate that the lack of awareness to recognize the variety of local contexts is counterproductive and could lead to policy failures. Papua's special autonomy as an instrument of asymmetric decentralization has been attenuated by the continuation of one-size-fits-all top-down policies at the national level.

PERUBAHAN SOSIAL KOMUNITAS SUKU ARFAK KABUPATEN PEGUNUNGAN ARFAK PAPUA BARAT

Changes in society related to changes in social values, norms, patterns of organizational behavior, the composition of social institutions, social interaction. Arfak Mountains Regency formed since 2012 through Law Number 24 of 2012 is the main district which was later divided into South Manokwari Regency and Arfak Mountains. The Arfak mountain community is referred to as the large Arfak tribe because it consists of several sub tribes namely Hatam, Moile, Sough and Meyah. This paper aims to provide an overview and information about social changes that occur in the Arfak tribal community in the Arfak Mountains Regency, West Papua Province. The method used is a literature review of various reports or scientific studies related to the context of social and cultural change in the Arfak tribal community. These materials were analyzed using Herbert Spencer's theories of social change, Talcot Parson, Kingsley Davis's modern theory (Demographic Transition). The results obtained show that social changes in the Arfak tribe in the Arfak Mountains District occur due to changes in the composition of the population, the existence of the Papua Special Autonomy Policy, the inclusion of new innovations, easier transportation, empowerment programs, changes in customary institutions and values and norms that have an impact positive and negative on people's lives.

From Conflict to Assimilation: Strategies of Muslim Immigrants in Papua Special Autonomy Era

This paper aims to explain the forms of Muslim immigrant strategies in Papua in the era of special autonomy. After the implementation of special autonomy in Papua, migrants feel the increasing tension or competition in the economic and political fields. Data obtained through the method of observation, interviews, and literature studies. Observations focused on the economic practices of Muslim migrants in places such as the market in Jayapura, Papua. Interviews were conducted with a number of parties, both Muslim migrants and local Papuans, to obtain information on many things including their response to the presence of Muslim migrants. In addition, data was also obtained through the documentation of literature related to the topic of this paper. The data obtained were then analyzed through the steps of qualitative analysis, namely data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions/verification. This paper confirms that Muslim migrants made various efforts to deal with various obstacles in the era of Special Autonomy in Papua in three ways. First, Muslim migrants strengthen the economy, especially the informal sector. Secondly, the political sector is not the main objective of the existence of Muslim migrants. Third, Muslim migrants are not exclusive, especially in establishing communication with indigenous people.

INTEGRASI ILMU LINGUISTIK DALAM WACANA POLITIK UNDANG-UNDANG OTONOMI KHUSUS PAPUA: PERSPEKTIF STUDI MORFOLOGI

This study is part of an effort to understand the true value of basic philosophy that is revealed behind the law is really very meaningful in finding the words and concepts to describe the meaning of a text of the law. The provision of a special autonomy space for Papua is seen as a new sign that becomes a beacon within nationalists from the threat of Papuan nationalist groups (separatists and federalists) who are constantly creating new signs in the social semiotics space in Papua. Language as the home of life, capable of echoing and symbolized as a form of resurrection that is ready to threaten the unitary state system. The purpose of this study is to uncover political discourse in the text of law number 21 on Special Autonomy of Papua laden with linguistic nuances (morphology) which is not only what is understood, but the understanding itself is essentially linguistic as well. The method used in this research refers to qualitative method with descriptive research type which serves to present a detailed picture about a particular situation, social background, relationship, class or certain characteristic in Papua Special Autonomy Law. The main data in this study is the writing data (main) which is derived from the text of the Special Autonomy Law of Papua. The qualitative data derived from the text of the law in the form of words, phrases, clauses and sentences that provide an overview of the integration of morphological studies can then be described and explored in their meaning according to their use in the text.

Peran Sektor Pertanian dalam Mengurangi Ketimpangan Pendapatan di Wilayah Papua Sebelum dan Sesudah Otonomi Khusus

This study aims to determine: (i) the contribution of agriculture sector to GDP growth in the region before and after the Papua special autonomy, (ii) the level of income inequality per capita in the region before and after the Papua special autonomy, (iii) the role of agriculture in reducing income inequality in the community before and after the region Papua special autonomy, and (iv) the effect of investment, labor force, the allocation of funds for regional development, agglomeration in the region Papua, and policy implementation of special autonomy to Papua region against income inequality.Data used in this research is secondary data from the years 1993-2013 and analyzed using analysis of contribution, growth, income inequality (Williamson index, and multiple linear regression with OLS method. The analysis showed that the agricultural sectors contribution to GDP growth before special autonomy greater than after the special autonomy. Furthermore, per capita income inequality between regions in Papua special autonomy after the bigger (more unequal). The agricultural sector play a greater role in reducing income inequality communities in Papua after special autonomy than before the special autonomy. Investment in Papua per capita, regional development aid funds allocated per capita, and agglomeration in Papua positive effect on income inequality between regions in Papua. Index of income inequality between regions in Papua after special autonomy (the period 2002-2013) is greater than before the special autonomy (the period 1993-2001)

The Role of Papua Special Autonomy on Growth

The Role of Papua Special Autonomy on Growth

KAJIAN PENGELOLAAN DANA OTONOMI KHUSUS DI KABUPATEN ASMAT

The aims of this study were to: (1) identify and review issues and aspects in financial planning and management of Special Autonomy Fund in delivering education and health services as well as formulate alternative policies to improve financial planning and management funded by Papua Special Autonomy Fund in Asmat regency. A case study approach was applied in this study using multiple case designs. Population to be observed in this study was the whole social organization, government offices and legislative institutions located in the regency of Asmat. The sampling technique used was multistage non random sampling. The results showed low level of accountability in reporting the use of Special Autonomy Funds. This pointed out the lack of desire from Asmat regency for implementation of transparency of financial reporting. Lack of transparency in the use of special autonomy funds could negatively impact at large scales which could be detrimental to societies, particularly in the Asmat regency. Special Autonomy Fund allocation for the education sector was not complied with the mandate of Special Regional Regulation No. 25 in 2013 titled Revenue Distribution and Financial Management of the Special Autonomy Fund. The education sector was being allocated for the fund 27.03 per cent on average despite the regulation mandate which was 30 per cent. On the other hands, the special autonomy fund allocation for health sector was complied with the regulation which was 15 per cent.
 
 Key Words: Papua, Asmat, Special Autonomy Fund

The Land Rights of Indigenous Peoples: Revaluation of Papua Special Autonomy

The purpose of Special Autonomy for Papua is to resolve the source of the problem in Papua, especially concerning the rights of indigenous peoples. Normatively, the background of local autonomy for Papua is affirmed in Act No. 21 of 2001 on Papua Special Autonomy. The results shows that the recognition and protection of the land rights of indigenous peoples have been set clearly in the national legal system, such as Agrarian Law, Forest Law, as well as in Mineral and Coal Mining Law. However, recognition and protection of indigenous peoples’ rights to land in various legal products is still ambivalent. The essence of protection of indigenous peoples’ rights to land is also clearly regulated in Act No. 21 of 2001 and Perdasus No. 23 of 2008 has put customary law community on ownership of communal land is not the object of development, especially in the field of investment. The customary right and indigenous land which is the property and become an authority on indigenous peoples must be recognized by the government and regional and national communities about its presence. Therefore, the government should strive to protect the customary right through regulation of the Ministry of Agrarian and Land Agency and other laws related to the issue of customary rights, customary lands, indigenous peoples and their authority.