Material For Papermaking Research Articles

Analysis on Fast-Growing Black Poplar Branch Used as Raw Materials for APMP Pulping and Papermaking

Fiber morphology, chemical composition and wood characteristic of fast-growing black poplar branch were studied. Meanwhile, pulping performance of it used for alkaline peroxide mechanical pulp (APMP) was discussed preliminarily. The research results showed that the fast-growing black poplar branch can be used as raw materials for APMP pulping and papermaking.

Optimization of The-Hydrolysis Parameters of Dissolving Pulp of Fast-Growing Poplar Producing

As textile industrial and glass paper-making materials, dissolving pulps are scarce in China and a great deal of dissolving pulps are imported in the recent years. Currently different fiber materials are tried to produce dissolving pulp in China. In this research work the hydrolysis parameters of the fast-growing poplar based dissolving pulp producing were investigated .And the chemical composition of pulp after hydrolysis were also analyzed, the experimental results showed that the optimal hydrolysis conditions were acid dosage in the range from 0.015% to 0.035%, wood-to-liquor ratio 1:6.5, and the temperature 130 °C. The pentosan content of the pulp after hydrolysis in this hydrolysis conditions was in range of 0.62%-23.16%, which decreased by 23.01%. And the cellulose content slightly changed.

Suitability of Rapeseed Chemithermomechanical Pulp as Raw Material in Papermaking

The use of chemithermomechanical (CTMP) pulp from rapeseed residues as raw material for the manufacturing of linerboard and fluting medium grades was investigated. For this purpose, different alternatives for improving mechanical and optical properties of rapeseed CTMP were studied, and the addition of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) was proposed to decrease the intensity of the beating process and enhance the final mechanical properties. Handsheets from each pulp were produced, and their properties compared to those of linerboard from recycled paper. Compared to kraft linerboard from recycled paper, rapeseed CTMP required less beating to reach an optimal breaking length. This reduction in beating can be combined with the addition of NFC to improve the mechanical properties of paper. Therefore, rapeseed CTMP from crop residues is a technically affordable alternative for the production of fluting and linerboard grades.

Alternative Fiber Sources from Gracilaria Sp and Eucheuma Cottonii for Papermaking

Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Private sectors have invested in the technology to grow some Gelidialian red algae families and also tried to convert the algae to pulp and paper over the last few years in order to replace raw materials from wood. Several modern systems with their all complexities which are similar to the wood pulp-based papermaking technology have been offered to overcome any recent issues settle in the converting process. Chemical bleaching agents have even been still a standard treatment that must be established for properly converting the algae pulp to a sheet of paper. In this present work, the two genus of red algae, called Gracilaria and Eucheuma , were simply processed to make pulps without use of any bleaching chemical agents. The potential use of pulps made of the red algae as raw materials for papermaking was mechanically studied by testing the sheets made of the red algae through a tensile test at a room temperature under 20 mm/min according to ASTM D 828-97 (2002). Tensile properties of the proposed algae-based paper sheets obtained under the constant rate are discussed. Tensile properties of the selected wood-based paper sheets obtained under the same condition are also presented in this paper. The results showed that pulps made of the red algae would be the alternative to those of the wood and other natural fibers as raw materials for papermaking. Doi : 10.12777/ijse.6.1.1-10 [ How to cite this article : Arham , N.A., Mohamad , N.A.N., Jai , J., Krishnan , J., Noorsuhana Mohd Yusof , N.M. (2013). Application of Response Surface Methodology in Extraction of Bioactive Component from Palm Leaves ( Elaeis guineensis ) . International Journal of Science and Engineering , 6(1),1-10. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.6.1.1-10

Seasonal effect on the chemical composition of the leaves of Stipa tenacissima L. and implications for pulp properties

Esparto (Stipa tenacissima) is a highly fibrous herbaceous plant. In addition, the fiber properties (suppleness, thinness, and cellulose content) make this plant a valuable raw material for papermaking in terms of both quality and quantity. In Tunisia, esparto is the only source of raw material for papermaking. In this paper, the chemical characteristics (cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, extractives, and ashes) of esparto leaves are analyzed in relation to growing conditions and plant biology. Four localized sites in the Kasserine region (central Tunisia) are examined. The chemical properties of esparto fibers vary significantly with site and season. In fall, esparto leaves contain more cellulose (46.4%) than in other seasons. In winter, esparto leaves have lower cellulose content (43.3%) and higher extractive content. The pulp properties across seasons indicate that pulp yield and strength properties are superior when leaves are harvested in fall.

Using agar extraction waste of Gracilaria lemaneiformis in the papermaking industry

In China, fiber supply lags behind the growing demand for paper and paperboard products. The increasing consumption of paper products necessitated the need for new fiber sources. The red alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis is economically cultivated on a large scale in China for industrial agar extraction. During the extraction processes, considerable amounts of solid residues are produced as extraction wastes. In this study, we explored the potential of using the agar extraction residues as raw materials for pulping and papermaking. The results show that the extraction wastes of G. lemaneiformis could indeed be utilized for papermaking. Evaluation of the paper handsheets showed that a higher content of algal material resulted in paper that had lower strength and permeability but higher waterproof and greaseproof characteristics, as well as better antimicrobial effects. The results indicated that alga extraction residues could be employed as functional fillers to produce paper products that are potentially useful in the food-packaging industry.

Formation and Emission of PCDD/Fs in Chinese Non-Wood Pulp and Paper Mills

Chlorine bleaching is still practiced by non-wood pulp and paper mills in China, resulting in considerable formation and emission of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). We investigate the distribution of PCDD/Fs in different papermaking processes and dioxin emissions at six typical Chinese non-wood pulp and paper mills. Raw materials for papermaking included reed, wheat straw, bamboo, and sugar cane bagasse. The formation and emission of PCDD/Fs varied strikingly according to bleaching processes and raw materials. Elemental chlorine bleaching promoted the formation of tetra- to octa-CDDs and 2,3,7,8-TCDF, while hypochlorite bleaching only gave rise to a significant increase of 2,3,7,8-TCDF. Bleaching with elemental chlorine and hypochlorite increased 2,3,7,8-TCDF 0.9-42.5 and 0.3-4.1 times, respectively. Most of the 2,3,7,8-TCDF formed at hypochlorite bleaching stage was partitioned into the effluent, which indicated that hypochlorite bleaching was also an important emission source of dioxins. The removal of PCDD/Fs occurred visibly during alkaline digestion, alkaline extraction, and hydrogen peroxide bleaching. Furthermore, the annual emission of PCDD/Fs from Chinese non-wood pulp and paper mills was evaluated.

Using biomass residues from oil palm industry as a raw material for pulp and paper industry: potential benefits and threat to the environment

Oil palm industries produce an enormous quantity of lignocellulosic biomass; in the form of large leaves of palm tree, pruned fronds (OPF) and oil palm trunks (OPT) at the plantations site. Besides this, the processing of fresh fruit bunches in the oil mills generates empty fruit bunches (EFB), shells, kernel cake and mesocarp fibers. The proper management of this burgeoning waste and its disposal is an ardent task and creates environmental hazards. In order to deal with the biomass residues, the urgent need is that it should be transformed into resources with industrial utility. As the economic development has resulted in the significant increased demand for paper, the industry is looking for eccentric sources to fulfill the requirement. The pulp and paper industry preferred use of coniferous and deciduous trees for papermaking because their cellulose fibers in the pulp make durable paper. With improvements in pulp processing technology, fibers of almost any non-wood of plants species like bamboo, cereal straw, sugarcane, flax, hemp and jute can be used for paper pulp. Substituting this lignocellulosic material can reduce the burden on forest while supporting the natural biodiversity. The present review deals with the possibilities of using oil palm biomass as a raw material for pulp and papermaking, as this would ameliorate its waste management problem. The potential of oil palm biomass and the challenges regarding its use in papermaking are discussed. The use of oil palm biomass will apparently prove that the oil palm industry is ecofriendly in every aspect of its activities and aid in sustainability of forest ecosystem.

Use of talc to control problems associated with dissolved and colloidal material in papermaking

Increasingly stringent environmental standards and market demands are forcing pulp and paper mills to minimize both their water usage and their effluent discharge. Higher rates of process water reuse in pulp and paper mills leads to increased amounts of dissolved and colloidal substances in process water, which is a major fac¬tor limiting further closure of the water circuits. This study explores the use of different types of talc as control agents for dissolved and colloidal material contained in white water from paper mills using recovered and coated paper as raw materials. It also identifies the kinds of talc that can be used to control detrimental properties of the white water.

Research on Kraft Pulping Delignification of Bamboo (<i>Neosinocalamus</i>)

Bamboo, as a kind of non-wood raw material, has a long, thin fiber with wide distribution and rich abundance in China. Its pulping properties are between softwood and hardwood. Adapting to the Chinese situation, developing bamboo pulp industrialization, according to the local conditions, is an available way to solve the shortage of fiber material for paper-making. Delignification of bamboo (Neosinocalamus) was carried out by conventional kraft and soda pulping under varying conditions to determine the relationships between selected cooking parameters (EA 14~20%, sulfidity 0~40%, maximum temperature 160 and 165°C, and time at maximum temperature 60~110 min) and pulp properties (kappa number and yield). Results indicated that in order to obtain relatively low kappa numbers(17~27), high sulfidity(20~40%) at lower EA(14~16%) increased pulp yield compared to the case of low sulfidity(0~10%) at higher EA(16~18%). Pulp with lower kappa numbers (13~15) and acceptable yield can be obtained at a sulfidity level of 20~30% with 18% EA or at a sulfidity level of 10~30% with 20% EA. Meanwhile, bamboo pulp in this condition not only helps to decrease kappa number in the subsequent oxygen delignification process, but also reduces the cost of chemicals in the bleaching process.

Preliminary Study on High Efficiency Deinking Agent of ONP

Recycling of waste paper is demanded because of the shortage of forest resources, the pollution of environment and the scarcity of papermaking materials. It is important to raise the proportion of waste paper in the fiber materials in papermaking industry. Floating/washing method was used here with imported Old Newspaper (ONP) as elementary material. This article studied the deinking performances of many kinds of surfactants primarily. Among them several surfactants were picked out as deinking agent of Old Newspaper (ONP) because of their better deinking effect.

Strength-enhancing effect of cationic starch on mixed recycled and virgin pulps

► OCC in comparison to virgin NSSC pulp, have generally enhanced strength properties. ► Cationic starch could enhance all the strength properties of handsheets remarkably. ► OCC fibers is a promising supplement raw materials for papermaking. The present work focuses on the effect of cationic starch (Cat St) on the properties of handsheets made from recycled old corrugated container (OCC) and virgin neutral sulfite semi-chemical (NSSC) pulp. This study also evaluates the usage of OCC fibers as a supplement raw material for papermaking. The handsheet samples contained a series of mixtures of OCC and virgin NSSC pulp (0:100, 20:80, 30:70 and 40:60 by weight) and Cat St (0, 0.5, 1.2, 2 and 3 wt.%). The results showed that addition of Cat St could enhance all the strength properties of handsheets remarkably. At certain Cat St dosage, with increasing OCC fibers, the strength properties were improved significantly, which could be related to the Cat St adsorption efficiency. OCC fibers have more specific surface area than NSSC fibers; therefore, they could adsorb much more amounts of Cat St.

The Study on Pulping and Papermaking Performance of Banana Stem and Leaf

The chemical composition of various parts of banana stem and leaf were analysed. The soda cooking and kraft cooking process of banana stem were optimized. The bleaching performance of the banana stem pulp was discussed. The results showed that the banana stem and leaf kraft pulp were good fiber material for pulping and papermaking. The brightness of banana stem bleached pulp can reach above 80%ISO through ClO2 bleaching.

Evaluation of the Chemical Composition of Different Non-Woody Plant Fibers Used for Pulp and Paper Manufacturing

The chemical composition of several non-woody plant fibers (bast fibers from flax, hemp, kenaf, jute; leaf fibers from sisal, abaca and curaua; and giant reed), which are used as raw materials for pulp and papermaking, has been evaluated. Particular attention was paid to the composition of the lipophilic compounds and the structure of the lignin polymer since they are important components of the fiber that strongly influence the pulping and bleaching performances.

Oil palm fibers as papermaking material: Potentials and challenges

This paper reviews the physical and chemical characteristics of fibers from the stem, fronds, and empty fruit bunches of oil palm tree in relation to their papermaking properties. Challenges regarding the use of this nonwood material for papermaking are raised, and possible solutions to them are given. A vision for the complete utilization of oil palm biomass is also outlined.

Tunisian date palm rachis used as an alternative source of fibres for papermaking applications

Every year, significant amounts of date palm rachises are accumulated in Tunisia. The rational valorisation of this renewable resource is therefore imperative, in order to fulfil the sustainability approach. In this context, this work aims to study the potential use of date palm rachises as a raw material for papermaking and to compare it with other sources of lignocellulosic fibres, such as wood, non-wood species, and agricultural wastes. For this purpose, soda-anthraquinone pulping of date palm rachis was performed giving rise to a yield of 45% (w/w). This value is similar to that obtained by pulping non-wood materials and is higher than that corresponding to the pulping of agricultural residues. The resulting pulps were subsequently refined using a PFI mill refiner at 0, 500, 1500, and 3000 revolutions, screened through a 0.15 mm mesh size sieve and used to produce conventional handsheets. Both pulps and papers were fully characterized in terms of morphological, chemical and physical properties, according to commonly used standards. The physical properties of the prepared handsheets were very similar to those displayed by other papers made of common lignocellulosic fibres. Furthermore, the pulps exhibited a good drainability together with excellent mechanical properties of the ensuing papers. For these reasons, date palm rachises could be considered as a potential source of fibres for papermaking applications.

Cellulosic pulp from Leucaena diversifolia by soda–ethanol pulping process

A selection of the best wood raw materials for cellulose pulp and papermaking from five varieties of the Leucaena has been made ( Leucaena diversifolia, Leucaena collinsii and three varieties of Leucaena leucocephala) with growth periods of one, two and three years. In accordance with biomass production and the features of the raw materials and cellulose pulp obtained, L. diversifolia in its second year of growth was selected as the most suitable material for pulp and papermaking. Pulping of L. diversifolia by soda–ethanol was studied using an experimental design in order to investigate the effects of cooking variables: temperature, time, soda concentration, ethanol concentration and wash-disintegrate temperature on the chemical composition of the obtained pulps (yield, kappa number, viscosity, solubles substances, lignin, holocellulose and α-cellulose contents) and the physico-chemical characteristics of paper sheets (tensile index). The results were evaluated using the response surface methodology. The optimum pulping conditions were established for this lignocellulosic material, using the model predictions. The pulp obtained at these conditions has suitable chemical (pulp) and physical (paper sheets) characteristics: yield (46.5%), 1%NaOH solubles (3.04%), hot water solubles (0.63%), ethanol–benzene extractives (0.44%), holocellulose contents (96.7%), α-cellulose contents (75.8%), lignin contents (0.85%), viscosity (1367) kappa number (15.2) and tensile index (19.2 kN m/kg).

Alkaline-ethanol pulping of cotton stalks.

In this study, the use of cotton stalks (Gossypium hirsutum L.) as a raw material for papermaking using soda ethanol (organasolv) with/without anthraquinone (AQ) were briefly examined. Yield, kappa number and viscosity were determined for resulting pulps and the hand sheets produced from pulps were tested for physical properties; tensile index, burst index, tear index and elrepho brightness. The obtained results showed that, pulp yield and viscosity of the soda pulp was increased by adding AQ, ethanol and with their combinations. On the other hand, the positive effects that various chemicals (AQ, ethanol, and their combinations) had on the pulp quality were also observed on the paper’s physical and optical qualities, and these observed effects were thought of bearing considerable importance for paper manufacturers. Key words: Soda, AQ, ethanol, cotton stalks.

Red algae and their use in papermaking

Gelidialian red algae, that contain rhizoidal filaments, except the family Gelidiellaceae were processed to make bleached pulps, which can be used as raw materials for papermaking. Red algae consist of rhizoidal filaments, cortical cells usually reddish in color, and medullary cells filled with mucilaginous carbohydrates. Red algae pulp consists of mostly rhizoidal filaments. Red algae pulp of high brightness can be produced by extracting mucilaginous carbohydrates after heating the algae in an aqueous medium and subsequently treating the extracted with bleaching chemicals. In this study, we prepared paper samples from bleached pulps obtained from two red algae species ( Gelidium amansii and Gelidium corneum) and compared their properties to those of bleached wood chemical pulps.

CONIFEROUS WOOD PULP IN TRADITIONAL KOREAN PAPER BETWEEN THE 15TH AND 18TH CENTURIES ad*

One hundred and sixty‐nine fibre samples from books in the Korean collection and 68 samples from books in the Japanese collection at the British Library were analysed. A further 15 samples of Korean paper from a private collection were also examined. The analysis confirmed that most of the papers contained mulberry species (Moraceae family) as the main papermaking material, and other materials, such as hemp, rice straw and reed, which have been commonly known as supplements to traditional Korean papermaking. However, 15 Korean papers and one Japanese paper dating between ad 1498 and 1798 appeared to include coniferous wood fibres. This substantial find supports a previous single find of a coniferous wood fibre in Korean paper. The dates of most of these papers containing wood fibres precede the use of wood pulps in European paper.