Abstract
Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Private sectors have invested in the technology to grow some Gelidialian red algae families and also tried to convert the algae to pulp and paper over the last few years in order to replace raw materials from wood. Several modern systems with their all complexities which are similar to the wood pulp-based papermaking technology have been offered to overcome any recent issues settle in the converting process. Chemical bleaching agents have even been still a standard treatment that must be established for properly converting the algae pulp to a sheet of paper. In this present work, the two genus of red algae, called Gracilaria and Eucheuma , were simply processed to make pulps without use of any bleaching chemical agents. The potential use of pulps made of the red algae as raw materials for papermaking was mechanically studied by testing the sheets made of the red algae through a tensile test at a room temperature under 20 mm/min according to ASTM D 828-97 (2002). Tensile properties of the proposed algae-based paper sheets obtained under the constant rate are discussed. Tensile properties of the selected wood-based paper sheets obtained under the same condition are also presented in this paper. The results showed that pulps made of the red algae would be the alternative to those of the wood and other natural fibers as raw materials for papermaking. Doi : 10.12777/ijse.6.1.1-10 [ How to cite this article : Arham , N.A., Mohamad , N.A.N., Jai , J., Krishnan , J., Noorsuhana Mohd Yusof , N.M. (2013). Application of Response Surface Methodology in Extraction of Bioactive Component from Palm Leaves ( Elaeis guineensis ) . International Journal of Science and Engineering , 6(1),1-10. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.6.1.1-10
Highlights
In the early history of paper, paper was made from bamboo, hemp, fishnets, barks and flax rags [1,2,3,4] and never includes a discussion of wood pulp
The results showed that carbon (C) and oxygen (O) were the most important elements in both Gracilaria sp and Eucheuma cottonii
The tensile strength of sheets made of the office copy paper (A4, 70 gsm), the other tensile properties of handmade of both recycled paper and office copy paper sheets are presented in the figures to show the representative tensile properties of wood-based papers
Summary
In the early history of paper, paper was made from bamboo, hemp, fishnets, barks and flax rags [1,2,3,4] and never includes a discussion of wood pulp. The years after the industrial revolution saw the invention of faster printing machines with technological advancements, demand for paper increases This caused paper makers to turn to a source of pulp that was plentiful and relatively easy to process. Were recognized in Bali, Indonesia, two red algae species, Gelidium amansii and Gelidium corneum, are currently being developed intensively by private sectors in Lombok, Indonesia Both red algae usually grow at around 3-10 % per day (dry weight) in natural environment during the growing season [17] can even rapidly grow up to 20 % per day in cultivation. With the easy cultivation and the incredible area of the sea of Indonesia, development of alternative fiber from red algae, can ensure a sustainable fiber supply for papermaking and is far from conflict with environmental interests. Two edible seaweeds of the red algae species, Gracilaria sp and Eucheuma cottonii [20], which are, respectively, from the genus of Gracilaria and Eucheuma cultivated in Indonesia waters [21], are selected to mechanically study the potential use of the red algae pulps as raw material for papermaking
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