Panoramic Radiographic Images Research Articles

Evaluation of the contour of edentulous jaw sections in the transversal plane and the buccolingual vertical-level disparity in CBCT and panoramic radiography images: a retrospective comparative study

PurposeThis study investigates whether edentulous jaw sections in the planned implant position exhibit jaw contours funnel-shaped or exhibit pronounced retraction of the jaw (unusual jaw contours) in the transversal plane of the three-dimensional (3D) images, not visible in two-dimensional (2D) images.MethodsA total of 335 patients with an edentulous section of the jaw that required dental implants were selected. Anonymised radiologic patients’ data were collected, comprising cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of the edentulous jaw sections. In the first stage, unusual jaw contours were examined, including funnel-shaped or pronounced retraction of the jaw and hypodense regions with an undercut and/or bone deficit. In the second stage, the variation in the height of the alveolar ridge between the lingual and buccal contour in the edentulous jaw sections was assessed.ResultsThe CBCT images of an unusual jaw contour were observed in 8 cases (2.4%) in the maxilla on the left and 10 cases (3%) in the maxilla on the right. In the mandible, a jaw contour deviates in 39 cases (12.1%) on the left side and 39 cases (12.1%) on the right side. A height difference was detected in the upper jaw in 307 cases and the lower jaw in 265 cases. The discrepancy was 2.09 mm (± 2.25 mm) in the maxilla and 3.97 mm (± 3.45 mm) in the mandible.ConclusionsThe CBCT scan provides useful information to avoid complications in the preoperative planning phase and surgical planning in implant dentistry.Graphical

Determination of the stage and grade of periodontitis according to the current classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions (2018) using machine learning algorithms.

The current Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions, published and disseminated in 2018, involves some difficulties and causes diagnostic conflicts due to its criteria, especially for inexperienced clinicians. The aim of this study was to design a decision system based on machine learning algorithms by using clinical measurements and radiographic images in order to determine and facilitate the staging and grading of periodontitis. In the first part of this study, machine learning models were created using the Python programming language based on clinical data from 144 individuals who presented to the Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University. In the second part, panoramic radiographic images were processed and classification was carried out with deep learning algorithms. Using clinical data, the accuracy of staging with the tree algorithm reached 97.2%, while the random forest and k-nearest neighbor algorithms reached 98.6% accuracy. The best staging accuracy for processing panoramic radiographic images was provided by a hybrid network model algorithm combining the proposed ResNet50 architecture and the support vector machine algorithm. For this, the images were preprocessed, and high success was obtained, with a classification accuracy of 88.2% for staging. However, in general, it was observed that the radiographic images provided a low level of success, in terms of accuracy, for modeling the grading of periodontitis. The machine learning-based decision system presented herein can facilitate periodontal diagnoses despite its current limitations. Further studies are planned to optimize the algorithm and improve the results.

Üçüncü Büyük Azı Dişlerinin Radyografik Özelliklerinin Dijital Panoramik Radyografik Görüntülerle Değerlendirilmesi: Bir Retrospektif Kesitsel Çalışma

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of impacted 3rd molar, angulation status, the level of eruption, relationship with the occlusal plane of the 3rd molar teeth, and the rate of pathology in their own and the adjacent tooth of Turkish adult individuals who applied to Akdeniz University Faculty of Dentistry via panoramic radiographic images. Material and Methods: 700 patients were examined for this retrospective study. In addition to the localization, eruption, angulation, and occlusal level of the 3rd molars, the accompanying pathologies and the pathologies in the adjacent 2nd molars were recorded and retromolar spaces were measured. p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The rate of impaction in a total of 2800 3rd molars was 29%. Impacted 3rd molars were found at a higher rate (54.4%) in the mandible. It was determined that the 3rd molar teeth were mostly in the vertical position (77.8%) and 63.1% of them were at level A. 49.9% of mandibular third molar teeth were in class I. Conclusion: Impacted 3rd molar teeth prevalence was 29 %. The most common angulation status was vertical. According to the level of impaction, it was determined that the occlusal planes of the 3rd molars and the 2nd molars were at the same level most frequently. The location of the 3rd molar completely in front of the anterior ramus was the most common position. The most common pathology in the 3rd molars was caries, and no pathology was found in the 2nd molars except caries.

What is the Most Prevalent Type of Third Molar Impaction in Patients with Pericoronitis?

Pericoronitis is a common pathological condition related to mandibular third molar teeth (wisdom teeth). It is an inflammation of the soft tissue surrounding the crown of an erupted or partially erupted tooth that causes pain and discomfort. We aimed to investigate the relation between third molar impaction types and pericoronitis. This cross-sectional study assessed 60 patients referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Mashhad Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran in 2022 for totally and partially impacted mandibular third molar tooth surgery with pericoronitis. Their demographic data, including age and gender, was recorded. The impacted tooth's side and the symptoms of pericoronitis were identified using clinical examination and panoramic radiography imaging, based on the Pell & Gregory criteria and Peterson's classification. Third-molar tooth surgery was performed according to standard protocol. Patients' data were recorded and were analyzed using Excel 2019 and SPSS ver 21. The prevalence of pericoronitis symptoms in women was higher than in men (P< 0.001). The Class B type of third molar teeth impaction had a relation with the majority of pericoronitis cases (P< 0.001). Pericoronitis and systemic symptoms were more likely to occur in Class II than in Class I type of third molar teeth impaction (P< 0.001). The most frequent kind of impaction linked to pericoronitis and systemic symptoms such as malaise was mesio-angular (P< 0.001). The symptoms of pericoronitis were substantially correlated with smoking (P< 0.001). Class B, Class II, and mesio-angular types of third molar impaction are linked with a higher risk of pericoronitis. This information might help in the early diagnosis and management of pericoronitis in patients with impacted third molar teeth.

Evaluation of radio-morphometric indices of mandible using digital panoramic radiography: a radiographic study

Background:Bone mineral density (BMD) varies with race, ethnicity, age, and gender. Thus arises the need for population-specific value ranges. Qualitative and quantitative indices of the mandible have also been used for panoramic radiographs to assess bone quality and to observe signs of resorption and osteoporosis.Aim:To measure the radio-morphometric indices in a digital panoramic radiograph and to find the inter-relationship of the indices with the age and sex of the patients. Materials and Methods:The study included 100 digital panoramic radiographic images of patients, and the samples were divided into four age groups. A panoramic radiograph of each patient was taken, and radio-morphometric indices were determined. Four indices, namely, cortical width at the gonion (GI) and below the mental foramen (MI), Mandibular cortical index (MCI) and Panoramic Mandibular Index (PMI), were measured bilaterally in all panoramic radiographs. All images were analyzed, and index values were calculated by applying linear measurements on the panoramic radiographs.Results: Statistically significant differences were observed among the study population.Conclusion:Radio-morphometric indices in a panoramic radiograph may possibly be used as a potential screening tool in identifying individuals with osteoporosis

Panoramic radiography features of complex odontoma in impacted teeth: a scoping review

Objectives: This review article is aimed to determine panoramic radiograph images of complex odontoma images involving impacted teeth.&#x0D; Review: This study is a scoping review consisting of English or Indonesian articles of complex odontoma in impacted teeth and published in 2010 – 2021. The article search databases used were PubMed, Science Direct, EbscoHost, and Clinical Key with the keyword “(((Complex Odontoma) AND Impacted teeth) AND panoramic radiograph).” The selected articles were screened by checking the publication year, duplicating articles, reading the titles and abstracts, and the entire article's contents. The total search results for articles based on keywords obtained were 621 articles, then 11 articles were used. In all articles covered, the number of impacted teeth is 45, dominated by 32 maxillary and mandibular molars. The majority of lesions formed on the maxillary and mandibular posteriors were not associated with other abnormalities. The majority of the lesions affect the growth of the surrounding teeth and extend to the surrounding jawbone.&#x0D; Conclusion: Panoramic radiographs of Complex Odontoma involving impacted tooth in the form of a homogeneous radiopaque lesion with an oval or irregular shape with a lesion density more significant than bone and surrounding tissue. A well-defined radiolucent lesion surrounds this radiopaque lesion in the form of a connective tissue capsule.&#x0D;

A study of morphological changes in the mandible associated with sexual dimorphism: a digital panoramic study

BACKGROUND: In forensic anthropology, osteological remains are widely used to assess various characteristics of a person, which helps in establishing the identity of the deceased or serves as additional evidence in controversial cases.&#x0D; AIMS: The study aimed to measure, compare and distinguish the gender-related changes in the mandible among dentate of different age groups on digital panoramic radiographic images and to evaluate their reliability in sex determination that might serve as evidence in forensics.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: Digital panoramic images were obtained for 420 patients, which included 210 males and 210 females. Various parameters such as gonial angle, condylar length, ramus length, cortical bone thickness and ramal notch width were measured and evaluated. The data obtained was subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and two-way ANOVA test.&#x0D; RESULTS: Comparison between gender groups showed statistically significant differences in all parameters with p 0.05 except the ramal notch width. The mean value of all parameters, was found to be comparatively higher in males. Among the groups, gonial angle and ramus length were found to be higher on right side, but in ramal notch width it was higher on left. The condylar length among males showed greater value on right side, and females showed greater value on left side. The cortical bone thickness among males depicted greater value on left side, and females depicted greater value on right side. Thus, all parameters except the ramal notch width were found to be reliable in sex determination.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: It was found that males had greater value when compared to females. Hence, this study recommends the use of these parameters for the purpose of sex determination.

Combined Deep Learning Techniques for Mandibular Fracture Diagnosis Assistance.

Mandibular fractures are the most common fractures in dentistry. Since diagnosing a mandibular fracture is difficult when only panoramic radiographic images are used, most doctors use cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to identify the patient's fracture location. In this study, considering the diagnosis of mandibular fractures using the combined deep learning technique, YOLO and U-Net were used as auxiliary diagnostic methods to detect the location of mandibular fractures based on panoramic images without CBCT. In a previous study, mandibular fracture diagnosis was performed using YOLO learning; in the detection performance result of the YOLOv4-based mandibular fracture diagnosis module, the precision score was approximately 97%, indicating that there was almost no misdiagnosis. In particular, fractures in the symphysis, body, angle, and ramus tend to be distributed in the middle of the mandible. Owing to the irregular fracture types and overlapping location information, the recall score was approximately 79%, which increased the detection of undiagnosed fractures. In many cases, fractures that are clearly visible to the human eye cannot be grasped. To overcome these shortcomings, the number of undiagnosed fractures can be reduced using a combination of the U-Net and YOLOv4 learning modules. U-Net is advantageous for the segmentation of fractures spread over a wide area because it performs semantic segmentation. Consequently, the undiagnosed case in the middle of the mandible, where YOLO was weak, was somewhat supplemented by the U-Net module. The precision score of the combined module was 95%, similar to that of the previous method, and the recall score improved to 87%, as the number of undiagnosed cases was reduced. Through this study, the performance of a deep learning method that can be used for the diagnosis of the mandibular bone has been improved, and it is anticipated that as an auxiliary diagnostic inspection device, it will assist dentists in making diagnoses.

Fractal analysis in cone-beam computed tomography and panoramic radiography images of native bone before and after sinus grafts

Objective: Compare the fractal analysis (FA) of the graft of a synthetic hydroxyapatite and its association with L-PRF, after elevation of the maxillary sinus floor, compared with native bone. Materials and Methods: A sample of 20 patients was included and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and theFAwere performed in 10 (T1) and 180 days (T2) after the surgery. Panoramic radiographs were performed in T2. Results: In the CBCT, there was a statistically significant difference (p &lt;0.05) when comparing the mean values of the FA between Osteogen® + L-PRF in T1 and T2, also between T1 and T2 for Osteogen® and there was no statistically significant difference (p&gt; 0.05) between Osteogen®+L-PRF in T1 with Osteogen® in T1, and also between Osteogen®+ L-PRF in T2 with Osteogen® in T2, and between Osteogen® and Osteogen® + L-PRF compared with native bone values. Between FA of the CBCT and panoramic radiography, the values of the graft area and native bone were higher in the CBCT; with statistically significant difference. Conclusion: The values of the FA showed no correlation of values between the tomographic and radiographic techniques presented. Thus, different bone reconstruction patterns obtained in grafts should be considered in relation to native bone.

The effect of loading time on marginal bone change of implants immediately placed after extraction: a retrospective study

BackgroundThe purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the treatment outcomes between two groups which are both immediately placed implant cases, one is immediate loading, and the other is conventional loading group.MethodsMedical records of the patients who underwent implant treatment which were immediately placed after tooth extraction were analyzed. Demographic data were collected and by using periapical or panoramic radiographic image, marginal bone level and distant crestal bone level were measured. Marginal bone change over time was analyzed and compared between immediate loading group and conventional loading group.ResultsA total of 71 patients, 112 immediately placed implants after tooth extraction were initially involved. Measuring was done with implants which had not failed (81). 10 implants were had failed and removed. The others were excluded because of follow-up loss, absence of radiographic image, etc. Demographic data were collected, and measured values were averaged at each follow-up and showed in linear graphs.ConclusionsIn case of immediate implantation of dental implant after extraction, loading time could affect marginal bone level or biological width of the implant. Immediate loading group showed 0.92 mm (mean value) more bone loss compared to conventional loading group at bone–implant contact points 24 months after implantation. At distant crestal points, there was no noticeable difference in bone change pattern between two groups.

Boosting algorithm improves the accuracy of juvenile forensic dental age estimation in southern China population

Age estimation based on the mineralized morphology of teeth is one of the important elements of forensic anthropology. To explore the most suitable age estimation protocol for adolescents in the South China population, 1477 panoramic radiograph images of people aged 2–18 years in the South were collected and staged by the Demirjian mineralization staging method. The dental ages were estimated using the parameters of the Demirjian and Willems. Mathematical optimization and machine learning optimization were also performed in the data processing process in an attempt to obtain a more accurate model. The results show that the Willems method was more accurate in the dental age estimation of the southern China population and the model can be further optimized by reassigning the model through a nonintercept regression method. The machine learning model presented excellent results in terms of the efficacy comparison results with the traditional mathematical model, and the machine learning model under the boosting framework, such as gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), significantly reduced the error in dental age estimation compared to the traditional mathematical method. This machine learning processing method based on traditional estimation data can effectively reduce the error of dental age estimation while saving arithmetic power. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the GBDT algorithm in optimizing forensic age estimation models and provides a reference for other regions to use this parameter for age estimation model establishment, and the lightweight nature of machine learning offers the possibility of widespread forensic anthropological age estimation.

Automatic semantic segmentation for dental restorations in panoramic radiography images using U‐Net model

AbstractThe automated segmentation of dental restorations is a critical step in diagnosing dental problems and suggesting the best treatment. Some restorations may be missed during a dental examination, depending on the number of patients, the dentist's experience, and fatigue. Automatic detection of dental restorations based on deep learning has the potential to provide a quick radiological assessment based on the patient's treatment history and pre‐diagnosis. This study presents a deep learning‐based method for automatic detection and classification of amalgam and composite fillings on panoramic images. A total of 250 anonymized panoramic images with amalgam and composite fillings with a resolution of 2048 × 1024 px were used. In this study, U‐Net models with various backbones were employed. The ResNext50 model has achieved the highest pixel accuracy and intersection over union (IoU) performance based on the evaluation of various ResNet and ResNext backbones. The mean IoU value obtained by the model on the test images is 0.767 while the Pixel Accuracy of 99.81% was achieved. Our proposed method demonstrated superior performance compared to similarly conducted studies in the literature. The proposed method can potentially be employed in clinical settings to detect dental restorations automatically. The classification and detection of dental restorations with this model can aid dentistry education at higher institutions as an education tool and make the reporting easier for the dentist.

Assessment of the presence of radix in lower first and second molars using cone-beam computed tomography and panoramic radiography

Objective: To compare the prevalence of radix in the mandibular first and second molars using cone beam computed tomography and panoramic radiography. Methods: 850 exams were analyzed, dated from January 2017 to February 2021, in a radiology clinic in the city of Brumado-Ba. Images were acquired using a Cranex 3D CT scanner. Thus, a total of 280 lower first and second molars were selected by tomographic images and then the images of the relative panoramic radiographs were separated. Radix prevalence was analyzed using On Demand software for the scans from CT and Scanora software for the panoramic radiographs. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, using methods to compare between variables and methods of interest. A significance level of 5% was assumed for all analyzes. Results: No case of radix was identified in the analysis of panoramic radiograph images, corresponding to a percentage of 0%. In tomographic sections, this study showed that the prevalence of radix was 0.7%, 100% of which was radix entomolres. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of these canals with respect to age group, sex, and group of teeth examined (first or lower second molars). Conclusion: It was concluded that CBCT is an important auxiliary method in the analysis of the presence of radix canals.

RESECTION OF BENIGN FIBRO-OSSEOUS INJURY LOCATED IN THE POSTERIOR REGION OF THE MAXILLA: CASE REPORT

The purpose of this study is present the clinical, imaging, and surgical characteristics of a fibro-osseous lesion in the posterior region of the right maxilla. A 14-year-old male patient presented with swelling in the posterior region of the right maxilla, painless on palpation, with approximately 5 years of evolution. Panoramic radiographic imaging revealed a lobular mass, irregularly shaped and radiopaque, surrounding the right maxilla, with a diagnostic hypothesis of fibro-osseous injury. Due to the extent of the lesion, the treatment of choice was surgical excision of the lesion, which was sent for histopathologic examination, confirming the diagnosis. The patient evolved without signs of recurrence, and after 1 year a good recovery was seen clinically and imaginologically. Thorough pathologic and radiographic analyses as well as good preparation of the maxillofacial surgery are important for successful resection of this lesion.

EVALUATION OF THE DENTAL AGE ESTIMATION ON DIGITAL PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHIES

<h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the relationship between the chronology of dental age and the chronological age of children from panoramic radiographs. <h3>Study Design</h3> This was a cross-sectional and observational study. The study consisted of 20 digital panoramic radiographic images dated from the 2018, obeying the following criteria: patient age and panoramic radiographs with good image quality. We then obtained access to patients' files to obtain their chronological age. The data were divided by sex and analyzed statistically through the variance of 2 factors (chronological and dental age). <h3>Results</h3> When analyzing female patients, there was an advance in dental age up to 2 years from the chronological age. In male patients, there was a greater similarity between ages. During the analysis, similarity was found in the parity of the arcs, showing bilateral symmetry. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The result showed a high correlation between dental age and chronological age in male patients. This condition is useful to monitor dental-facial health in sync with postnatal growth and development. No significant differences were observed between arches during the eruption of permanent teeth.

ACCURACY OF CBCT FOR MAPPING AGGRESSIVE LESION IN MAXILLARY SINUS: CASE REPORT

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been the most significant technological advance in terms of diagnostic imaging in the maxillofacial area. This change enabled moving from a 2D image to a multiplanar volumetric advancement of dental tissues and bone structures. The maxillary sinuses are anatomical structures that can be accurately observed. The aim of this study is to report a case of an aggressive hypodense lesion in the left maxillary sinus in an asymptomatic 64-year-old dark-skinned female patient, demonstrating the accuracy of CBCT to provide the full spectrum of the lesion such as location, dimensions, and precise involvement of adjacent structures compared to the panoramic radiographic image. The lesion measured 40 mm in the largest diameter and obliterated the entire maxillary sinus, causing destruction of all sinus cortices, maxillary tuberosity, and adjacent bony structures. The final diagnosis should be obtained by correlating the clinical-radiographic findings with the histopathologic examination.

Is attention branch network effective in classifying dental implants from panoramic radiograph images by deep learning?

Attention mechanism, which is a means of determining which part of the forced data is emphasized, has attracted attention in various fields of deep learning in recent years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the attention branch network (ABN) for implant classification using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The data consisted of 10191 dental implant images from 13 implant brands that cropped the site, including dental implants as pretreatment, from digital panoramic radiographs of patients who underwent surgery at Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital between 2005 and 2021. ResNet 18, 50, and 152 were evaluated as CNN models that were compared with and without the ABN. We used accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, F1 score, and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve as performance metrics. We also performed statistical and effect size evaluations of the 30-time performance metrics of the simple CNNs and the ABN model. ResNet18 with ABN significantly improved the dental implant classification performance for all the performance metrics. Effect sizes were equivalent to “Huge” for all performance metrics. In contrast, the classification performance of ResNet50 and 152 deteriorated by adding the attention mechanism. ResNet18 showed considerably high compatibility with the ABN model in dental implant classification (AUC = 0.9993) despite the small number of parameters. The limitation of this study is that only ResNet was verified as a CNN; further studies are required for other CNN models.

Frequency of retained third molars in relation to facial biotype. a cross-sectional study

This study aims to determine the frequency of retained third molars in relation to facial biotype, the data were collected by using the patients' 2D studies (panoramic and cephalometric) attending the imaging center ZETA-EXMED in the period November 2018 to December 2021, in the city of Lima, Peru. The type of study used for this research are observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective. For the present study, 6000 cases were evaluated, each case consists of one panoramic radiographic image and one cephalometric image, both taken to the patient on the same date, of these, only 150 cases that met the selection criteria were included in this study. Measurements about frequency of retained third molars in relation to facial biotype were done by a trained and calibrated researcher, using NemoCeph software for the cephalometric tracing. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS program version 1.0.0.1401 (SPSS Inc., USA) and the Chi square test (p <0.05). Of the 150 cases observed, 91 were women (60.66%) and 59 were men (39.33%). According to the results, dolichofacial biotype had the highest frequency among males with a total of 27 cases (45.80%), while the brachyfacial biotype was more prevalent among females, with a total of 35 cases (38.50%). In addition, out of the total number of retained third molars evaluated (403 pieces), 141 were present in cases with dolichofacial biotype, followed by the mesofacial biotype with 139 pieces and finally the brachyfacial biotype with 123 pieces. Regarding the evaluation of retained third molars according to their position and facial biotype, 63 retained third molars were found in mesioangulated position and 28 retained third molars in dolichofacial / distoangular position, followed by 48 pieces in the vertical position in brachyfacial. There is not significant association between the quantity of retained third molars and their positions, in relation to facial biotype, although there is a significant association between facial biotype and the patient's sex, so it was concluded that Dolichofacial biotype has the highest frequency in males, while the Brachyfacial biotype is seen more frequently among females.

Detecting the presence of taurodont teeth on panoramic radiographs using a deep learning-based convolutional neural network algorithm.

Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques like convolutional neural network (CNN) are a promising breakthrough that can help clinicians analyze medical imaging, diagnose taurodontism, and make therapeutic decisions. The purpose of the study is to develop and evaluate the function of CNN-based AI model to diagnose teeth with taurodontism in panoramic radiography. 434 anonymized, mixed-sized panoramic radiography images over the age of 13years were used to develop automatic taurodont tooth segmentation models using a Pytorch implemented U-Net model. Datasets were split into train, validation, and test groups of both normal and masked images. The data augmentation method was applied to images of trainings and validation groups with vertical flip images, horizontal flip images, and both flip images. The Confusion Matrix was used to determine the model performance. Among the 43 test group images with 126 labels, there were 109 true positives, 29 false positives, and 17 false negatives. The sensitivity, precision, and F1-score values of taurodont tooth segmentation were 0.8650, 0.7898, and 0.8257, respectively. CNN's ability to identify taurodontism produced almost identical results to the labeled training data, and the CNN system achieved close to the expert level results in its ability to detect the taurodontism of teeth.

Effects of conventional complete dentures and implant-supported overdentures on alveolar ridge height and mandibular bone structure: 2-year and 6-year follow-up study.

The aim of this study was to compare the changes in mandibular bone structure in edentulous patients who were rehabilitated with conventional complete dentures (CCD) and implant supported overdentures (ISO), by evaluating alveolar bone loss (ABL), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), mandibular cortical width (MCW), gonion index (GI), antegonial index (AI), and articular eminence inclination (AEI). Panoramic radiographs of 63 edentulous patients using CCD, 63 edentulous patients using ISO, and 126 patients without tooth loss were evaluated. Edentulous patients had a 2-year and 6-year follow-up panoramic radiograph image. ABL (anterior, premolar, and molar regions), MCW, PMI, AI, GI, and AEI were measured in each patient. Variation between measurements was analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA test and post hoc Tukey test. Both edentulous groups showed significantly lower mean than without tooth lost group in all measures (p < 0.000). ISO group showed significantly lower mean ABL than CCD group in anterior (p = 0.000), right premolar (p = 0.005), left premolar (p = 0.005), right molar (p < 0.000), and left premolar (p < 0.000) regions in short term. ISO group showed significantly lower mean ABL than CCD group in anterior (p = 0.021), right molar (p < 0.000), and left premolar (p < 0.000) regions in long-term. There is no statistically significant difference between the CCD and ISO groups in right premolar (p = 0.200) and left premolar (p = 0.134) regions in long term. Both edentulous groups showed significantly lower mean MCW (p < 0.000), PMI (p < 0.000), AI (p < 0.000), GI (p < 0.012), and AEI (p < 0.002) than the without tooth loss group. There is no statistically significant difference between the CCD and ISO groups in terms of changes in the mean MCW, PMI, AI, GI, and AEI measurement in short and long term (p > 0.000). In the short and long term, edentulism reduced alveolar crest height, MCW, and AEI in individuals, but had no effect on PMI, AI, or GI. The use of prosthesis did not prevent the decrease of alveolar crest height, MCW, or AEI (CCP or ISO). In the short and long term, however, ISO created less ABL in the mandibular anterior and molar regions than CCD. ABL cannot be halted in edentulous people, but by using ISO instead of CCD for rehabilitation, resorption can be reduced.