Pandemic Situation Research Articles

Design of hospitals for the post-pandemic era: an international survey of design professionals on infection control design strategies

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic placed unpreceded stress on healthcare systems, highlighting their deficiencies and vulnerabilities. The risk of cross-infection among patients and healthcare workers increased significantly, hindering the overall healthcare process. Hospital design should meet the challenges that will be posed by future pandemics, especially infection control. This paper reports on the results of an online survey for healthcare design professionals and academics from across the globe. The questionnaire addressed how hospital design can contribute to the infection control during future pandemic situations. Respondents agreed that the benefits of designing hospitals to meet the needs of pandemic/emergency situations outweigh the additional cost, and that infection control should play a more pronounced role when designing hospitals for the coming era. Results indicate that the overall organization of hospitals should allow for the compartmentation of critical/isolation departments/units and the creation of separate circulation routes to suit this compartmentation during pandemic times. The circulation system of the emergency departments and Intensive Care Units (ICU) should allow for the separation of infectious patients from others during pandemic times. 20–30% of the ICU beds of tertiary level care hospitals should be designed as single patient rooms. 53% of these rooms should be easily convertible to Air-Borne-Infection Isolation (AII) rooms, 44% should have an additional space for adding anterooms during pandemics, and 55% of these rooms should have permanent storage spaces for Personal Protective Equipment. The inpatient units should also be designed to support infection control. AII rooms should be grouped in designated inpatient units.

Assessment of depression, anxiety, stress, alcohol dependence, and resilience in migrant workers during COVID-19 crisis

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, migrant workers in India have gone through many hardships. After the lockdown, many construction sites, factories, and workplaces shut down, and innumerable migrant workers faced a loss of income, shortage of food, and uncertain future. This massive change in their living conditions made them vulnerable to psychological problems. Aim: To screen for depression, anxiety, stress, alcohol dependence, and resilience in migrant workers during the COVID-19 crisis. Materials and Methods: Migrant workers at seven camps in the Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation, Maharashtra, were surveyed with the help of the Depression Anxiety Stress (DASS-21) Scale to assess depression, anxiety, and stress levels, AUDIT C for assessing alcohol use disorders, and Connor–Davidson resilience scale short form (CD RISC) for assessing resilience. Results: A total of 1053 migrant workers were surveyed. It showed that 57.54% of workers had depressive symptoms, 64.96% had anxiety symptoms, and 39.32% had subjective stress. Female migrant workers had more severe depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms as compared to males while male workers were more at risk of alcohol use disorder as compared to females. Migrants without family had more symptoms of severe depression and alcohol use disorder as compared to those with family. Regression analysis showed that levels of anxiety were independently associated with female gender, unmarried status, stress, depression, and alcohol use disorder while resilience negatively predicted anxiety in these migrant workers. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, migrant workers were at risk of depression, anxiety, stress, and alcohol use disorder. Females and migrants without families came out to be more vulnerable to these psychological problems. Hence during the pandemic situation, identifying this vulnerable population and special preventive or therapeutic programs for them can be of crucial importance.

Telemedicine at a University Ophthalmology Practice During the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The aim of the research was to evaluate the use of teleophthalmology at a university practice during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically examining precision, effectiveness, and patient satisfaction. Telemedicine visits were offered to new and established patients requesting appointments with the Stony Brook University Department of Ophthalmology between March 30 and June 2, 2020. Records from these visits were reviewed for chief complaint, past medical and ocular history, diagnoses, treatment/management, and providers' sub-specialty. Precision was determined by comparing agreement between diagnoses of the telemedicine visit with those of the subsequent in-person visit. The decision to follow up in person was made by the physician and patient. Diagnostic precision as well as progression, improvement, or stability of patients' symptoms were determined by the physician's assessment at follow-up visits. Post-telemedicine visit satisfaction surveys were sent to all patients. Telemedicine visits were offered to 783 patients, 520 (66.4%) of whom accepted. Of these 520 patients, 409 (78.7%) were established and 105 (20.2%) had in-person, follow-up visits. Overall, the diagnostic precision of the follow-up visits was 89.5%. Precision differed significantly across ophthalmologic subspecialties. Of the patients who had in-person follow-up visits, 56.8% remained stable, 32.4% improved, and 10.8% worsened. Established patients presented with more extensive ocular histories/procedures and experienced a higher percentage of worsening symptoms/disease stage compared to new patients. Oculoplastics/orbit was the most prevalent diagnostic subspecialty that worsened. Surveys were sent to all patients completing telemedicine visits, 15.0% of whom responded. Overall satisfaction was 91.9%, although only 23.0% of respondents preferred telemedicine to an in-office visit. Telehealth provides high levels of precision and patient satisfaction for a wide range of ophthalmologic visits, although most patients still prefer in-office examinations. Employing teleophthalmology for follow-up and emergency care may provide patients with an effective alternative during pandemic situations and beyond.

Technology Acceptance Analysis Using UTAUT: A Study of QRIS Acceptance during the Pandemic

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic situation has compelled society to practice physical distancing. One of the government's efforts is to encourage the use of the QRIS payment method to minimize direct physical contact during transactions. Objective: The purpose of this research is to analyze the primary driving factors in the adoption of QRIS technology. The research urgency is to determine the most contributing predictor from the variables within the UTAUT model among the people of Jabodetabek. Methods: This research used the quantitative method by conducting an online survey among 384 respondents distributed across the Jabodetabek region. The sampling technique utilized was non-purposive sampling with criteria including domicile, age, reasons, frequency, and experience of QRIS usage. Conclusion: The results of the factor analysis test indicate that the performance expectancy and effort expectancy variables are combined into one variable, while the social influence variable is divided into two independent variables. The research findings reveal that the perceived risk variable is the predictor with the most significant contribution in the context of the pandemic situation. Future researchers are expected to be able to develop the research model in other contexts with different goals.

Predictors of fear of COVID-19 in a low-income country: health literacy is important.

Excessive fear of a threatening condition or situation can result in individuals engaging in unhealthy behaviors, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying the influential factors of fear can be effective in designing and implementing health-center interventions to control and reduce the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was a cross-sectional design implemented in Iran in 2022. Participants were adults 18-65 years of age recruited randomly from primary Health Care Services Centers (HCSCs) by medical records (n = 380, 64.7% female, mean (SD) age 32.14 ± 10.98 years) in urban and rural areas of the county. The data collection included a demographic form, Fear of COVID-19 questionnaire, Perceived Barriers of COVID-19 preventive behaviors, Self-efficacy, and Health Literacy for Iranian Adults (HELIA) questionnaire. It was determined that the fear of COVID-19 showed statistically significant differences according to gender (p-value = 0.013), education level (p-value = 0.001), and job status (p-value = 0.001). According to the hierarchical linear regression, educational level (p-value = 0.001; β = 0.665), job (β = 0.126; p-value = 0.018), self-efficacy (p-value = 0.015; β = 0.103), and Health Literacy (HL) (p-value = 0.001; β = 0.446) were significant predictors of fear of COVID-19. Also, among variables, educational level (p-value = 0.001; β = 0.665) and HL (p-value = 0.001; β = 0.446) were the most important predictors for fear of COVID-19. This research shows that HL has a potential and determinative role in controlling fear of COVID-19. The findings can help healthy policymakers and healthcare providers design HL-based programs in similar epidemics and pandemic situations.

Students’ Grammatical Mistakes on the Use of Language Features in Composing Narrative Text

A narrative text with several grammatical and linguistic aspects is one of the texts learned in senior high school. In fact, according to the researcher's prior observation, students faced numerous challenges when attempting to write it, especially grammatical mistakes in using language features. This study aims to detect grammatical errors in the utilization of language elements in narrative texts produced by students, as well as to determine the underlying reasons contributing to these errors. The recent research employed a descriptive qualitative methodology. Eight of the eleventh-grade students studying Online Business and Marketing major in SMK Negeri 1 Kota Sorong have been selected as the participants in this research. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic situation which restricted social interactions, only those students than could be reached out to gather data. The data was derived from a writing exam and a semi-structured interview. Upon analyzing the student's writing, it was discovered that they made errors in utilizing the simple past tense and action verbs. Simultaneously, the interview data indicated that the causes contributing to grammatical errors in using language features in this study were limitations, lack of attention, and carelessness. This research finding implied that the teacher must identify the most effective technique to engage the student's attention and enable them to concentrate on acquiring language skills for future use in creating narrative texts.

THE IMPACT OF THE APPLICATION OF ONLINE LEARNING SYSTEMS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITION AND LEARNING PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS

The application of online lectures as a lecture system implemented during the Covid-19 Pandemic is currently seen as a solution to comply with the PSBB policy and to maintain lectures that can continue in accordance with the lecture structure as stated in the Semester Learning Plan. It is undeniable, because of its sudden nature (without being preceded by socialization) there are many complaints. The purpose of this study is to describe the psychological condition of students in participating in online system learning in the Covid-19 pandemic situation and its effect on learning performanceThe results of the study prove that there are significant differences in the psychological condition and learning performance of students between before and after the implementation of the online learning system during the Covid-19 pandemic. The measure of student stress after implementing online learning was significantly higher than the measure of stress. Similarly, there are significant differences in the measure of student learning performance between before and after the implementation of online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic.

COVID-19’s Psychological Threats and Future Career Anxiety among University Students

The COVID-19 pandemic brought different intolerable and uncomfortable situations that ruined the students' academic performance, career opportunities, and social lives through depression, anxiety, fear, uncertainty, and mental illness. In this study, we examined the psychological threats of the COVID-19 among Egypt’s public-sector university students. We employed quantitative methods in this study and used a questionnaire to collect cross-sectional data. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) results show that Fear of COVID-19 (FoC) has a positive effect of on Depression from COVID-19 (DfC), Future Career Anxiety (FCA) and Uncertainty of COVID-19 (UoC). In addition, DfC and UoC have positive effects on FCA. Finally, DfC and UoC positively mediate the association between FoC and FCA. This study's findings help policymakers and university authorities shape policies to reduce Egypt’s public sector university students ‘psychological problems due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, this study’s findings assist with the adjustments caused by the complex and rapidly changing pandemic situation.

AutistiCare: A One-Stop Centre for Parents With Autism Spectrum Disorder Children In Perlis

Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) typically struggle with social communication and interaction, psychomotor, activity daily living, cognitive, as well as behavioural and intention issues. It is difficult for parents and carers of children with ASD to manage their difficulties, particularly at home and at school. This going to be worst if the parents or carers are not well-equipped with related knowledge on the ASD management. The COVID-19 pandemic situation that spread the world in 2020 has caused significant mental health challenges for parents, such as anxiety and depression, as a result of additional challenges in coping with their children in everyday life, in which the usual therapies that they received at the therapy centre must be completed at home. As a result, supporting them in managing this problem is critical to improving their psychological well-being as a continual attempt from the therapy centre to home. Society nowadays is adapted to the use of the technologies because of COVID-19 phenomena. Strong evidence suggests that online intervention is equally important with a face-to-face approach that has positive effects to autistic children and provides psychological support for the parents. However, there is a gap on the digital intervention platform according to the needs of parents for ASD management especially in Perlis society. Therefore, the purpose of this project is to invent a telehealth platform, characterized as the delivery of healthcare to patients and caregivers via the Internet. The proposed system is AutistiCare targeting parents with ASD children in Perlis that will be developed through a web-based system. The system includes various intervention modules, such as online communities, including online consultations between experts and parents, psychological support through forums, psychoeducation delivered via learning materials such as videos or modules, and service-related postings such as advertisements for ASD programs or seminars. It is envisaged at the end, the system is equipped with optimal ASD management content to support parents with autistic children in Perlis. In addition, it can be a platform to seek knowledge and assistance from the expert remotely.

EXPRESS: The Heterogeneity of Hotel Demand Curves across Consumers and Contexts

This study constructs hotel demand curves at the disaggregate level to uncover the heterogeneity of demand curves across consumers and during both normal periods and times of crisis, exemplified by the pandemic. The novel demand modeling technique fits nonlinear demand curves, parameterizes elasticity dynamics, and enables the comparison of demand curves by essential value. The demand curves for three hotel types in normal and pandemic situations are fitted and decomposed by consumers’ sociodemographics, preferences, and risk tolerance. A pandemic makes the demand curve for midscale [upscale] hotels more inelastic [elastic] and mitigates [amplifies] the influence of individual differences on the demand curve, whereas the demand curve for economy hotels is unaffected by the pandemic. The findings offer insights into the business operations of different hotels, including optimal pricing, customized marketing across consumer segments, and business strategies in case of a health crisis.

Bio-mediated synthesized zinc oxide coated on cotton fabric for antibacterial and wound healing application

Developing novel approaches for the treatment of fabric to inherit antibacterial properties is pursued with great interest considering the growing demand, intermittently creeping pandemic situations, and increased awareness of clean, healthy, and hygienic lifestyles. Herein, in the present work, we have developed bio-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) by treating Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaf extract with zinc acetate. Further, the ZnO NPs were coated on the cotton fabric using an environmentally friendly ultrasound-assisted coating method without the aid of binders. The as-synthesized ZnO NPs and ZnO-coated cotton fabric were investigated using XRD, FTIR, ATR-FTIR, SEM-EDAX, and TGA analysis. The antibacterial activity, wound healing, mechanical and wash durability properties of ZnO-coated cotton fabrics were also investigated. The results demonstrate that the ZnO-coated fabric exhibits significantly better antibacterial against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. In addition, the in-vivo studies revealed that ZnO NPs coated cotton shows faster wound healing than the control. Moreover, the coated fabric shows good adherence of ZnO NPs owing to the chemical bonding between NPs and cotton fabric. This chemical bonding gives good washing durability for up to 20 washing cycles. These findings suggest the potential of ZnO-coated antibacterial wound dressings for biomedical and healthcare applications.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Towards COVID-19 Infection among Oral Healthcare Workers at a Tertiary Dental Hospital in Sri Lanka

Oral healthcare workers are at a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 due to the nature of their work. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among all categories of oral healthcare workers (OHCWs) at a tertiary dental hospital in Sri Lanka. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted towards the end of COVID-19 pandemic in December 2022. A self-administered questionnaire was used as the study instrument. The knowledge, attitudes and practices were categorised as poor- <60%, moderate- 61-80%, excellent ->80% according to the score. The mean knowledge score, attitude score and practice score of OHCWs regarding COVID-19 infection was 6.7 (SD1.5), 35.5 (SD 3.7), and 13.6 (SD 2.8) respectively. Only 6.4% of the participants had excellent level of knowledge and it was significantly associated with the sex, OHCW category, and having children less than 10 years. Only 1.7% of participants exhibited excellent attitudes, and 75.5% of participants showed excellent practices. The practice score was significantly associated with sex, OHCW category, and marital status. OHCWs in a tertiary dental hospital, Sri Lanka had a moderate level of knowledge and attitude but excellent practices towards the COVID-19 infection. Continuous in-service training programs should be conducted among all OHCWs to improve the level of knowledge and attitudes as well as to maintain good practices for any future pandemic situations. Keywords Oral healthcare worker, Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, COVID-19, Sri Lanka

Revisiting Educational Pedagogy in Nepalese Legal Education: Post Pandemic Situation

Revisiting Educational Pedagogy in Nepalese Legal Education: Post Pandemic Situation

Exploring Academic Integrity in Online Assessment

Four years have passed since the pandemic situation forced us to adapt in order to continue our education. This adaptation extends to the way we administer learning evaluations through the online assessment. Certain schools and universities continue to utilize these adaptations in education to this day. Furthermore, the online assessment raises several issues, one of which is the academic integrity. Thus, this paper explores the issue of academic integrity in online assessment from the perspective of EFL teachers. This study explores the teachers' views of academic integrity in online assessments, their experiences with academic integrity violations, and approaches to administering academic integrity. This study employed a survey method, using an online questionnaire distributed to EFL teachers across Indonesia and involving forty-two participants. The data collected from the questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive statistics to interpret the findings and draw conclusions. The results show that most teachers acknowledge the principle and significance of academic integrity, but they admit to having difficulties administering and monitoring academic integrity in their class. Furthermore, not all teachers are able to effectively manage their experiences with academic integrity violations. Therefore, further study considering this issue is suggested.

Does the pandemic affect the lifestyle and dietary intake? A comparative investigation during the pandemic and new normal situation

PurposeThe study attempts to investigate the role of social media in spreading awareness regarding ayurvedic immunity boosters (AIB) and changes in diet. Further, the study examines the factors affecting the willingness to pay for ayurvedic immunity boosters (WPIB) during the pandemic and new normal situation with the moderating effect of the “fear of COVID-19 infection.”Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from millennials in two phases, i.e. the first phase (1 July–August 2021) with 300 respondents and a second phase with (June–August 2022) 257 respondents. An online questionnaire was shared with millennials using the snowball sampling technique. Descriptive statistics with SPSS and SmartPLS 4.0 software were applied to analyze the data.FindingsThe results found a variation in AIB content sharing on social media during 2021 and 2022. Results found that respondents reported significant changes in their lifestyle and diet, like consuming honey, khada, tulsi tea, etc. In 2021, health consciousness and trust significantly affected WPIB, whereas in 2022, only health consciousness was substantially affected. Fear of COVID-19 infection moderates the relationship between health consciousness, perceived fear and willingness to pay for ayurvedic products, whereas the effect on consumer preference and trust remains insignificant.Research limitations/implicationsResults could help ayurvedic product manufacturing companies understand the consumers' mindset and the factors that stimulate consumers to buy these immunity boosters. Ayurvedic advertisers should design unambiguous messages that focus on health consciousness and have trustable components to encourage consumers to adopt a healthy lifestyle.Originality/valueThis is one of its kinds of studies that presents the contrasts of how the COVID-19 crisis has significantly changed individuals' dietary intake and affected lifestyle patterns.

Novel Coronavirus: An Overview of the History, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of the Pandemic COVID-19 Catastrophe, with Special Emphasis on Herbal Treatment Alternatives

Abstract: The crisis of COVID-19 pandemic, has shaken up the whole world with its power of transmission and unknown treatment strategy. A disease that starts with fever, cold, and cough leads to extreme fatigue, loss in breathing capacity, alveolar damage, and eventual death. The disease forced human beings to stay at home to protect humankind. Due to the serious nature of this COVID- 19 pandemic, humankind was forced to understand the plausible cause and methods to reduce the spread and find out the best possible therapeutic regimen. Thus, the present review provided new insight into the history, symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical research, and follow-up treatment strategies of COVID-19. Further, In order to deal with such a pandemic situation, we have even introduced a novel concept of natural therapy based on medicinal plants for repurposing it as potential as a therapeutic warrior against COVID-19.

MARKET AS A SITE OF CITIZENSHIP: HOW YOGYAKARTA'S TRADITIONAL MARKETS RESPONDED DURING THE PANDEMIC ERA

This research aims to examine the existence of traditional markets as sites of citizenship in responding to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. This research departs from the basic assumption that the market is not only a place for economic transactions. But it is also a place for political, cultural, social and other transactions. Therefore, the Covid-19 Pandemic situation is not only related to the impact on the economy, it has a broader and deeper impact on the market as a site of citizenship. This research produces an understanding that traditional markets are quite important civic sites in the era of the Covid-19 Pandemic. The research was conducted at 4 (four) traditional markets in Bantul Regency, namely Imogiri Market, Bantul Market, Angkruksari Market and Semampir Market. The subjects of this research were 61 people consisting of traders, market organizations (APPSI), and market heads as basic government representatives. The research was carried out and analyzed qualitatively and used source triangulation and technical triangulation. This research concludes that the Yogyakarta traditional market as a civic site is relatively effective in responding to the Covid-19 pandemic because it has family values, cooperation, and trust that are relatively dominant in decision making. Meeting activities in the form of deliberation and consensus in decision making are also dominant in this research. This research is still very limited and needs to be studied more widely and in depth with a relatively different approach.

MGLEP: Multimodal Graph Learning for Modeling Emerging Pandemics with Big Data

Accurate forecasting and analysis of emerging pandemics play a crucial role in effective public health management and decision-making. Traditional approaches primarily rely on epidemiological data, overlooking other valuable sources of information that could act as sensors or indicators of pandemic patterns. In this paper, we propose a novel framework, MGLEP, that integrates temporal graph neural networks and multi-modal data for learning and forecasting. We incorporate big data sources, including social media content, by utilizing specific pre-trained language models and discovering the underlying graph structure among users. This integration provides rich indicators of pandemic dynamics through learning with temporal graph neural networks. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework in pandemic forecasting and analysis, outperforming baseline methods across different areas, pandemic situations, and prediction horizons. The fusion of temporal graph learning and multi-modal data enables a comprehensive understanding of the pandemic landscape with less time lag, cheap cost, and more potential information indicators.

The Ornamental Plant Sector and Ornamental Plant Producers During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Cultural Responses to a Pandemic Situation in a Production Setting in East Central Europe)

AbstractOn March 24, 2020, the international flower trade association Union Fleurs issued a statement on the situation of the ornamental plants sector hit by the Covid-19 crisis. In a study published in April 2020, Copa-Cogeca (European Farmers and European Agri-Cooperatives) echoed the findings of the above-mentioned international flower trade association, stating that the flower and ornamental plants sector was the agricultural sector most impacted by the coronavirus in the EU, as in most Member States, including Hungary and Romania, there was a historical drop in demand and consumption of almost 80%, and unfortunately the virus hit at the worst possible time, as the spring season would have been the peak period for ornamental horticulturalists. In my case study, I examine the flower growers of Curteni, a settlement in the Mureș region of Transylvania (Romania). How has this global phenomenon caused by the coronavirus manifested itself locally in a settlement where nearly 60 families make their living from growing and selling ornamental plants? Has this community been able to maintain its territorial/regional competitiveness? Have the people of Curteni joined the group of producers known in economic anthropology as farmers who chose to halt and wait, or did they find a quick and resilient response to the obstacles they encountered? How did this crisis become an identity-shaping factor in their lives? The pandemic has also exacerbated the situation in Curteni, made it more difficult to act and make decisions, and has brought new perspectives and values into play. The example of the florist community of Curteni shows that a new situation, and indeed any crisis, can bring about positive changes in the lives of communities. In any crisis, emergency, or exigency, members of a community may almost instinctively, but mostly also consciously, seek innovative responses to their problems. One way is to discover and exploit the opportunities inherent in a crisis, communally re-assessing and utilizing the available values, opportunities, and resources, and finding truly resilient responses.

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic and to Develop Strategies for Resistance on the Farming Practices in Ganjam District-An Analysis

The present study entitled “Scientific study on the farming practices in ganjam district to comprehend the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and to develop strategies for resistance” was undertaken with a view to evaluate COVID-19's effects on farmers of Ganjam District of Odisha and to suggest them how to overcome such pandemic situation. The study followed purposive and random sampling techniques that were found appropriate and taken to undergo the analysis. The study was conducted in the Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication, Institute of Agricultural Sciences (IAS), Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University Bhubaneswar, between December 2020 and August 2022. For the selection of District, Blocks and Villages covering 120 respondents, information was collected through structured interview schedule and focus group discussion. Suitable tools and techniques used during the analysis to suffice the study need are frequency, percentage, mean score, standard deviation, Person’s coefficient Correlation, T- test, multiple regression was employed for analyzing collected data. The study revealed that majority of the respondents (85%) belong to middle and older group, having the sex ratio of 3:2 male and female. The study revealed that the education of children adversely affected with mean score of 2.625, further it has been observed that the farmers couldn’t ensure expenses on purchase of household materials. The study depicted that quality food consumption, expenditure habit and farming in general have been adversely affected. The banking activities as regard to getting loan, taking banking transactions have also been adversely affected. Several farmers have faced physical, socio-economic, technological and production constraints. In this study, particularly problem in sound sleep, depression, feeling of insecurity, slowdown of supply chain and non-availability of quality inputs for cultivation are the main focus constraints encountered by agriculture. It was also found that to mitigate such situation farmers had opined that the vaccine should be taken regularly and farmer should develop the saving habit for future use.