Pandanus Research Articles

Extraction and characterization of natural cellulosic fiber from fragrant screw pine prop roots as potential reinforcement for polymer composites

AbstractBiodegradable natural plant fiber isolated from the prop roots of fragrant screwpine (FSP) plant has been thoroughly studied as a potential replacement for artificial fiber in light weight bio‐based composite applications. Chemical, physical, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermo gravimetric studies were used to determine the appropriateness of FSP fiber for use as a novel reinforcement. FSP fibers were determined to have a density of 1.3852 g/cm3 and a diameter of 27–280 μm respectively. Good specific strength and bonding qualities are provided by a high cellulose content (73.10 wt%) and a low wax content (0.35 wt%). The tensile strength of raw FSP fiber was 915 ± 195 MPa, the young's modulus was 33 ± 12 GPa, and the average strain to failure rate was 4.59 ± 2.17%. Thermal analysis (TG and DTG) confirmed FSP fiber's thermal stability up to 235°C. The findings revealed that FSP fiber (FSPF) is an excellent alternative for constructing polymer‐based bio‐composites and other high‐value products with both technical and environmental requirements.

Understanding demographic limiting factors to species recovery: Nest-site suitability and breeding ecology of Phelsuma guentheri on Round Island, Mauritius

The island of Mauritius in the Mascarenes has already suffered high levels of extinction, and habitat destruction and invasive alien species have pushed many of the remaining endemic species to the brink of extinction. Round Island, a small island northeast of Mauritius, is home to remnant populations of several reptile species that were once distributed across Mauritius. One of the most threatened of these is Günther’s gecko Phelsuma guentheri, where despite extensive management efforts, population size remains small and below expectation. We identify determinants of nest-site suitability across Round Island, and examine whether suitable nest sites are a limiting factor for the abundance of P. guentheri. Over one breeding season, we recorded and monitored a high number (269) of nest sites harbouring a total of 1475 eggs. We used the number of eggs at each nest, and the hatching success as proxies for nest-site suitability. To study the reproductive behaviour of P. guentheri, we installed trail cameras at three nest sites. We did not find the expected high frequency of use of hardwood trees as nest sites, as found on Ile aux Aigrettes to the southeast of Mauritius, probably because hardwood trees are still relatively sparse and small on Round Island. Instead, the endemic palm Latania loddigesii was the most used nest sites, harbouring 78.8% of all nests with 56.3% of all eggs. Hatching success was high for palm nest sites (90.6%), rock surfaces (91.8%), and on the endemic screw pine Pandanus vandermeeschii (96%), rates that are similar to that reported from hardwood trees on Ile aux Aigrettes (~90%). Communal nesting occurred on all substrates, with up to five individuals using the same nest site. Egg-laying took place at dusk or at night, lasting around 30 min, whereas hatching occurred mostly during the day, lasting 2–107 min. Females laid eggs every 34 days on average, and produced up to four clutches of 1–2 eggs each within the season. We conclude that P. guentheri does not suffer from nest site limitation on Round Island, and that reproductive success is high in terms of both numbers of eggs laid and hatching success, likely due to ongoing habitat restoration. Further research is needed to investigate the factors inhibiting abundance and distribution of P. guentheri on Round Island.

Mechanical properties of natural screw pine fiber reinforced polyester nanocomposites

In automobile and aerospace applications, composite materials play a vital role due to their weight reduction and competitive cost. Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) nanocomposites are suitable for such applications. Screw pine fiber is another more advanced and promising natural fiber used in the form of discontinuous fibers as reinforcement material. Three different volumetric proportions - 3 mm, 6 mm and 9 mm - of screw pine reinforced polyester composite are studied. The most economical hand-lay method is utilized to fabricate the screw pine FRP nanocomposites. The aim of production is to enhance toughness, dimensional stability, stiffness and strength by embedding particles such as fibers in a matrix. The mechanical properties are analyzed for 10 %, 20 %, 30 % and 40 % of fiber loading with various fiber lengths 3 mm, 6 mm and 9 mm. Nanofiber content of 30 % with 9 mm displayed maximum strength of impact, flexural strength, tensile strength and strong elasticity module.

Experimental Analysis on Acoustic, Vibration and Moisture Absorption Properties of Natural Bio-Polymer Composite

Composites Materials- Aircraft, Ship, Automobile. Their most attractive properties are the high strength-to-weight ratio. Polymer composites are used because overall properties of the composites are superior to those of the individual polymers. The natural bio-resin are prepared from neem and Thennamarakudi oil with the concept of polyester resin. The reinforcement is screw pine fibre and fish scale fibre. The aim of this experimental study has targeted to investigate the vibration damping, sound absorption and moisture absorption of reinforced polyester resin polymer composites. The specimen fabricated are naturally bio-degradable and eco-friendly to environment because the resin and fibre are natural ingredients. Mainly to avoid all types of pollution. The laminated specimens were fabricate using hand lay-up technique and the specimens are subjected to the investigated as per the ASTM standards. The Moisture absorption test, Vibration test, Acoustics test were carried out on the laminated specimen to determine their properties.

Experimental Analysis on Mechanical Properties of Natural Bio-Polymer Composite

Bio-composites are used in many engineering applications due to various desirable properties that they offer such as light weight, low cost, bio-degradable and bio-compatible. Bio-composites are used in many industries such as automotive, sporting goods, marine, electrical and household appliances. Kenaf, jute, banana, flux is used as fibers. The mechanical properties are evaluated by appropriate testing methods. The strength of material is important to each material so that bio-material to be evaluated by mechanical testing methods. In this study an attempt is made to prepare natural resin with neem oil and Thennamarakudi oil and to fabricate Bio-composite with fish shell and screw pine fiber as reinforcement and test for its mechanical properties such as tensile, Impact and Flexural. The pure resin samples have tensile and flexible properties. After taken testing. the neem oil-based biomaterial flexibility is higher than the oil-based biomaterial. The stiffness is higher in Tk oil-based biomaterial. The result is expected from the biomaterial as eco-friendly material and applicable for medical field as biocompatible

Otto Warburg and his contributions to the screw pine family (Pandanaceae)

Otto Warburg (1859–1938) had a great interest in tropical botany. He travelled in South-East Asia and the South Pacific between 1885 and 1889 and brought back a considerable collection of plant specimens from this expedition later donated to the Royal Botanical Museum in Berlin. Warburg published the first comprehensive monograph on the family Pandanaceae in 1900 in the third issue of Das Pflanzenreich established and edited by Adolf Engler (1844–1930). The aim of this article is to clarify the taxonomy, nomenclature and typification of Warburg's contributions to the Pandanaceae. Considerable parts of Warburg's original material was destroyed in Berlin during World War II but duplicates survived, shared by Engler and Warburg with Ugolino Martelli (1860–1934). Martelli was an expert on the family and he assembled a precious herbarium of Pandanaceae that was later donated to the Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze. Warburg published 86 new names in Pandanaceae between 1898 and 1909 (five new sections, 69 new species, five new varieties, two new combinations and five replacement names). A complete review of the material extant in B and FI led to the conclusion that 38 names needed a nomenclatural act: 34 lectotypes, three neotypes and one epitype are designated here. Twenty new synonyms are also proposed. One Freycinetia name and six Pandanus names are considered as incertae sedis. A total of 21 names published by Warburg are accepted: 11 in Freycinetia and ten in Pandanus. In addition, four names published in Pandanus by Warburg serve as the basionyms of accepted names in the genus Benstonea.Citation: Callmander M. W., Vogt R., Donatelli A., Buerki S. & Nepi C. 2021: Otto Warburg and his contributions to the screw pine family (Pandanaceae). – Willdenowia 51: 5–31.Version of record first published online on 15 February 2021 ahead of inclusion in April 2021 issue.

Seed traits linked to differential survival of plants during the Cretaceous/Paleogene impact winter

In past investigations the pattern of differential survival of plants across the K/Pg boundary has been viewed as incompatible with severe asteroid impact winter scenarios (i.e., an impact winter lasting more than a few months), particularly the enigmatic survival of coryphoid palms and Pandanus (screw pine). Stateof- the-art climate models based on soot, sulfate and nano-sized dust aerosols predict a global impact winter that drastically reduced precipitation and resulted in a transient period of total darkness and permafrost conditions. This suggests that the plants most likely to have been affected by the global mass-extinction event were tropical phanerophytes that produce recalcitrant seeds, which by definition are desiccation-intolerant, survive less than a year, and cannot survive freezing. However, this hypothesis has never been tested. In this study I sampled over 100 plant species from the global fossil record that have a high probability of having produced either recalcitrant seeds/disseminules (n1 = 58) or orthodox seeds (n2 = 59), based on their phylogenetic relationships with extant taxa that either are monomorphic for these traits or specifically exhibit a genetic marker for abscisic acid inhibition associated with seed dormancy and recalcitrance. A one-tailed z-test for the difference between two proportions revealed that plant taxa with a high probability of having produced recalcitrant seeds had significantly lower survivorship than plant taxa with a high probability of having produced orthodox seeds (p < 0.0001). Based on these data, it can be concluded that plants which formed a frost-tolerant seed bank during the latest Maastrichtian were significantly more likely to survive the K/Pg impact winter than plants which did not (including palms). These data clearly indicate that the K/Pg impact winter probably lasted longer than a year and that it selected for seed-based traits that effectively sorted correlated functional traits of mature plants (i.e., leaf physiognomic features). This novel hypothesis stands as an alternative to J.A. Wolfe’s classic hypothesis that a mild K/Pg impact winter selected for fast-growing angiosperms with deciduous leaves and did not affect the plant communities of the Southern Hemisphere. Potential mechanisms for the rare survival of tropical, recalcitrant-seeded plants are discussed.

Forest Litterfall in Mount Kasunogan

Forest litterfall is plant materials that have been fallen to the ground. It is vital in the process of nutrient forests. The vegetation of the stations in Mount Kasunogan consisted of 7 plant species from 7 different families; Tamanu (Calophyllum) from Calophyllaceae, Sweet flag (Calamus Sp) from Acoraceae, Pitanga (Eugenia Sp) from Myrtaceae, Cogon Grass (Imperatacylindrica) from Poaceae, Hickory Wattle (Mangium) from Fabaceae, Nutrush (ScleriaScrobiculata) from Cyperaceae, Screw pine (Pandanus Odoratissimus) from Pandanaceae, and Ivory Mahogany (DysoxylumSp) from Meliaceae. The researchers investigated litterfall production and decomposition rate and correlated these two essential processes to the soil physical and chemical composition of Mount Kasunogan. Organic matter, Soil pH level, and Soil Moisture have a significant influence on litter production and what factors could increase or decrease its production. It has been denoted that all soil attributes (Organic matter, Soil pH level, and Soil Moisture) impact forest litterfall production. However, two of the attributes, which are the organic matter and soil moisture, barely contribute to the litterfall. In contrast, the soil pH is perfectly correlated and has a significant effect on litterfall production. Station three’s advantage regarding the soil pH and wind presence due to its high elevation explains a large amount of litter production in the area. In this study, it is also concluded that the acidic the soil gets, the faster the decomposition, which also resulted in the faster decomposition in station 2 among the rest of the sites in Mount Kasunogan.

Impact of increased salinity on the plant community of the Sundarbans Mangrove of Bangladesh

The overreaching objective of the study was to assess the changes in eco-regional forest composition and the colonization of invasive plant species in the Sundarbans, the largest single block of tidal halophytic mangrove forest globally. The study also aimed to examine the relationship between different plant types and the salinity level. Additionally, the interconnection between the salinity and the ‘top dying’ disease of the pioneer and dominant species was also measured. Thirty sample plots were established at the mouths of an equal number of canals to collect the plant community’s primary data. In addition, secondary historical data were utilized to understand the natural dynamics of the forest eco-regions in this mangrove. The study revealed that the fresh swamp forests disappeared from their historical range. Over time, the Screw Pine (Pandanus tectorius) became extinct from the study area. Simultaneously, rice grass (Leersia hexandra) and wild rice (Potresia coarctata) stand on the brink of extinction. Sundari (Heritiera fomes), the pioneer and dominant species, suffers from the increased salinity, and its stocks are declining due to intensified “top dying” disease. In contrast, the salt lover species, notably white mangrove (Avicennia marina), enjoy the incremental hegemony. The abundance of the indicator species, Nypa Palm (Nipa fruticans), and Mangrove Date Palm (Phoenix pelludosa) show a declining trend because of increased salinity. A total number of 25 invasive plant species were enumerated in this study. Immediate mitigation actions are required to protect this alteration in the vegetation composition of this mangrove. Hence, the study proposed a conceptual model of a mitigation plan spotlighting the local pressures.

(2772) Proposal to conserve the name Pandanus ornatus Kurz (Benstonea ornata) against P. ornatus W. Bull with a conserved type (Pandanaceae)

(2772) Proposal to conserve the name <i>Pandanus ornatus</i> Kurz (<i>Benstonea ornata</i>) against <scp><i>P. ornatus</i></scp> W. Bull with a conserved type (<i>Pandanaceae</i>)

Tree Species Preference of the Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis) and Perch Selection

Abstract: The green anole (Anolis carolinensis) is on the list of the designated invasive alien species in Japan because of its negative effects on indigenous entomofauna. Therefore, control operations of the lizard are being carried out in some areas on the Ogasawara Islands. The primary population-control measure is the use of adhesive traps on tree trunks. Identification of the characteristics of the tree trunk type that this lizard uses frequently will contribute to effective setting of the traps, thereby improving catchability. To clarify whether or not there is a perching site preference according to plant species, we evaluated the available (n=1,228) and observed (n=811) perching sites in terms of tree species. A lizard food resource survey was also conducted on four major plant species. As for the selectivity of plant species, the screw pine (Pandanus boninensis) was strongly preferred by adult and juvenile anoles (P<0.05). Food availability is not considered to be the rationale for the anoles' preference of the screw pine, because the number of arthropods collected at the screw pine was not larger compared to those on other plant species examined.

Design &amp; Development of Garment for Chickenpox infected kids Using of Natural Herbs.

Textiles are enforced fragment of human life. A new textile called medical textile which is the combination of medical science and textile technology. It causes harmful in several ways such as numerous skin disease and it affects all ages from neonates. Maintaining healthy skin is a needed thing for a healthy body. So the maintenance with natural treatment is cheap and claimed to be safe. For the production of new synthetic agents with the help of suitable raw material. In this system we are using Natural herbs like neem charcoal, screw pine flower, Curcuma longo particles and these were prepared with 100% cotton fabric. It is mainly used in kids garment for the application of antimicrobial finishing to protect chickenpox. This study makes way for usage of eco-friendly and dermatologically safe product produced using with natural herbs.

New Caledonian crow learning algorithm: A new metaheuristic algorithm for solving continuous optimization problems

Several metaheuristic algorithms have been introduced to solve different optimization problems. Such algorithms are inspired by a wide range of natural phenomena or behaviors. We introduced a new metaheuristic algorithm called New Caledonian (NC) crow learning algorithm (NCCLA), inspired by efficient social, asocial, and reinforcement mechanisms that NC-crows use to learn behaviors for developing tools from Pandanus trees to obtain food. Such mechanisms were modeled mathematically to develop NCCLA, whose performance was subsequently evaluated and statistically analyzed using 23 classical benchmark functions and 4 engineering problems. The results verify NCCLA’s performance efficiency and highlight its accelerated convergence and ability to escape from local minima. An extensive comparative study was conducted to demonstrate that the solution accuracy and convergence rate of NCCLA were better than those of other state-of-the-art metaheuristics. The results also indicate that NCCLA is a promising algorithm that can be applied to solve other optimization and real-world problems.

Life cycles, phenology and genetic structure of endangered Megacrania tsudai Shiraki (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae): Male individuals from a geographic parthenogenesis species

AbstractMegacrania tsudai, a peripherally distributed member of Megacrania, requires conservation in Taiwan; it has limited distribution in Taiwan and its eastern offshore islands. It feeds on screw pines (Pandanus odoratissimus) in nature and has demonstrated a specific defensive mechanism involving actinidine secretion from the prothoracic gland. However, details of its distribution area, life cycle and developmental phenology remain largely unknown. In this study, a field survey and review of published works revealed M. tsudai distribution in coastal zones and along river shores near estuaries. At room temperature, the egg period was 128 days. The development of the first to sixth instars required 17, 26, 27, 26, 34 and 43 days, respectively, on average; and a generation cycle required approximately 204 days. The phenology of the mesonotal granules was recorded. Moreover, genetic analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI), 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) and the nuclear ribosomal spacer indicated the occurrence of genetic drift. Therefore, the rearing procedures proposed in this study for the primary and last instars of M. tsudai can facilitate its conservation. Megacrania tsudai was previously recorded as parthenogenetic; however, two male individuals were fostered unexpectedly. The male body length was 91 mm, which is shorter than the female length (120 mm). During mating, the male climbs onto the female's back and protrudes its genitalia downward. Geographical parthenogenesis is likely the reproductive strategy among peripheral M. tsudai; however, the rarely found M. tsudai male could be an intermediate link of reproductive strategy in the transition from tychoparthenogenesis to parthenogenesis.

Relationships of Creative Personality Traits and Spatial Abilities to Shaping Creativity and Floriculture Material Shaping Skills

In floriculture design, “shaping” is the use of floral materials as media for expressing ideas. Common floriculture techniques include tying, pasting, winding, connecting, overlapping, and weaving. Shaping is also a key factor in the appeal of the final product. Therefore, this study recruited 149 university students to explore how their floriculture material-shaping skills are affected by factors such as creative personality traits, spatial abilities, and shaping creativity. Students were allowed to use three different leaf materials in their floriculture works: planar leaf, linear leaf, and amorphous leaf materials. Representative planar, linear, and amorphous floriculture materials used in the current study were yellow palm (Chrysalidocarpus lutescens), veitch’s screw pine (Pandanus baptistii), and tree fern (Asparagus virgatus), respectively. The average score for creativity in shaping floriculture material was (±sd) 3.26 ± 0.84 (range, 1.33–4.67). Comparisons of the three leaf materials showed that the score for shaping creativity was highest for the planar leaf material (3.70 ± 1.23), followed by the amorphous leaf material (3.18 ± 0.99) and the linear leaf material (2.91 ± 0.94). The chi-square test results indicated that creative personality traits affected the number of shaping skills used, and that spatial abilities and floriculture material-shaping creativity further enhanced skills in floriculture material-shaping. Suggestions for floriculture educators and practitioners are provided accordingly.

Fabrication of pandanus tectorius (screw-pine) natural fiber using vacuum resin infusion for polymer composite application

Natural cellulose fiber extract from Pandanus tectorius (Screw pine) leaves is comprehensively investigated as viable alternative for synthetic based fibers made from petro-chemical which is non-degradable and toxic. P. tectorius leaves fiber is extracted and investigated as reinforcement in polymer composite for engineering applications. The habitant are easily found and grown along mangroves and in local jungles located at shallow water. The plant can grow up to 14m tall. In order to use these continuous cellulose fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites, the microstructural analysis and yield content analysis were carried out using SEM micrographs to establish the certainty of using them as reinforcement fiber. The alkaline, bleaching and combined alkaline-bleach treatments are utilized in extraction of the cellulose fiber to evaluate the effect on the mechanical property. The cellulose percentage of the fiber was increased as the concentration and soaking time were increased. The extraction process resulted in 73% cellulose percentage for 10wt. % NaOH and 120min treatment. Hence, it caused 87% increment in cellulose percentage compared to the untreated leaf. The combined alkali-bleach cellulose fiber composite showed 40% higher tensile strength compared to untreated cellulose fiber composite at 35 2.8MPa.

Three Poems

Nancy Naomi Carlson (nancynaomicarlson.com) has authored eight titles (five translated). An NEA grant recipient, she was a finalist for the BTBA and CLMP awards. POETRY Three Poems by Khal Torabully [Carry my metaphor] Carry my metaphor; I touched the sea before waves deceived me. Carry my dream; I saw it all without opening eyes of salt. Carry my soul; I met death but never ever died again. Carry my silence; none of these words belong to you and I meld Indian words with language from Saint-Malo. At my Mozambican prow a mélange of peppered dreams is the aim of my human flesh. Khal Torabully, from Mauritius, is a prizewinning poet, essayist, film director, and semiologist. Author of some twenty-five books, he coined the term “coolitude” to give voice to indentured workers, imbuing the term with dignity and pride. Torabully’s linguistic acrobatics (wordplay and neologisms) serve to heighten the seriousness of his themes. [Like spume, each body] Like spume, each body wakes up on a wave. One straw, two straws four score sepoys and for entrails a coulis of blue men paw through stone-clotted fields. We are molasses, we are bagasse my African brother descended from slaves our skin is the trace like yours, of the same dark race. One straw, two straws fourscore sepoys for full-face deduction devalued by French tarot man tied to the tides by the spar made of coconut wood a flaw falters a seedless man destitute die-rolling race hanged from pandanus trees, in the name of the stunning sea Translator’s note: “Sepoy” is an Indian soldier who served under colonial rule. [The sea eats its sons] The sea eats its sons and I will crunch stones and not cleave the maimed nor believe the snail. And the sea no longer runs dry by man-made decree. And the junction of waves bathes the crosses in nebulous lights. In my great saga of blood the sea is cruentation of seaweed. Translations from the French By Nancy Naomi Carlson PHOTO: MICHAEL OLSEN/UNSPLASH WORLDLIT.ORG 27 ...

Wild African Drosophila melanogaster Are Seasonal Specialists on Marula Fruit

Although the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster is arguably the most studied organism on the planet, fundamental aspects of this species' natural ecology have remained enigmatic [1]. We have here investigated a wild population of D.melanogaster from a mopane forest in Zimbabwe. We find that these flies are closely associated with marula fruit (Sclerocarya birrea) and propose that this seasonally abundant and predominantly Southern African fruit is a key ancestral host of D.melanogaster. Moreover, when fruiting, marula is nearly exclusively used by D.melanogaster, suggesting that these forest-dwelling D.melanogaster are seasonal specialists, in a similar manner to, e.g., Drosophila erecta on screw pine cones [2]. We further demonstrate that the main chemicals released by marula activate odorant receptors that mediate species-specific host choice (Or22a) [3, 4] and oviposition site selection (Or19a) [5]. The Or22a-expressing neurons-ab3A-respond strongly to the marula ester ethyl isovalerate, a volatile rarely encountered in high amounts in other fruit. We also show that Or22a differs among African populations sampled from a wide range of habitats, in line with a function associated with host fruit usage. Flies from Southern Africa, most of which carry a distinct allele at the Or22a/Or22b locus, have ab3A neurons that are more sensitive to ethyl isovalerate than, e.g., European flies. Finally, we discuss the possibility that marula, which is also a culturally and nutritionally important resource to humans, may have helped the transition to commensalism in D.melanogaster.

Characterization and Analysis of Extraction Process-parameter of Pandanus tectorius (Screw-pine) Natural Fiber for Polymer Composites

Natural cellulose fiber extract from Pandanus tectorius (Screw pine) leaves is comprehensively investigated as viable alternative for synthetic based fibers made from petro-chemical which is non-degradable and toxic. Pandanus tectorius leaves fiber is extracted and investigated as reinforcement in polymer composite for engineering applications. The habitant are easily found and grown along mangroves and in local jungles located at shallow water. The plant can grow up to 14 meters tall. In order to use these continuous cellulose fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites, the microstructural analysis and yield content analysis were carried out using SEM micrographs to establish the certainty of using them as reinforcement fiber. The alkaline, bleaching and combined alkaline-bleach treatment is utilized in extraction of the cellulose fiber to evaluate the effect on the mechanical property. The cellulose percentage of the fiber was increased as the concentration and soaking time were increased. The extraction process resulted in 73% cellulose percentage for 10 wt.% NaOH and 120 minutes treatment. Hence, it caused 87% increment in cellulose percentage compared to the untreated leaf.

Fabrication and Characterization of Cellulose Microfibrils from Pandanus tectorius(Screw Pine) for Polymer Composite Application

Natural cellulose fiber was extracted from Pandanus tectorius (Screw pine) leaves using alkali and combined alkali-bleach treatment. Influence of extraction process parameters on the yield content and mechanical property was evaluated. Optimized process parameter was used in fabrication of a cellulose fiber composite using Vacuum Resin Infusion (VRI) techniques. Chemical composition of screw-pine leaves was determined at different stages of combined alkali-bleach treatment. Structural analysis was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Analysis on morphological structure and tensile strength of the cellulose fiber composite was through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and universal compressive machine. The results showed that combined alkali-bleach treatment at 4 wt.% of NaClO2 after 8 wt.% of NaOH under alkali treatment resulted in the optimal treatment combination, particularly when soaked for 120 minutes. However, longer soaking time caused damage to the fiber structure. The process parameters all influenced the chemical property, yield content and tensile strength of the cellulose fiber composite. Fiber content of 50 wt.% achieved the maximum tensile strength for the cellulose fiber composite with 28 wt.% composite enhancements for the cellulose fiber composite. The VRI techniques improved the aspect ratio of the cellulose fiber composite after production. The SEM micrograph showed the fibrils of cellulose fiber composite and its deformation. Analysis was carried out to investigate the bonding quality of the cellulose fiber and matrix. As a comparison, a control sample of unfilled epoxy matrix was fabricated