Pandalid Shrimp Research Articles

Larval development to the first eighth zoeal stages in the deep-sea caridean shrimp Plesionika grandis Doflein, 1902 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Pandalidae).

The larvae of the deep-sea pandalid shrimp Plesionika grandis Doflein, 1902 were successfully reared in the laboratory for the first time. The larvae reached the eighth zoeal stage in 36 days, both of which are longest records for the genus. Early larval stages of P. grandis bear the general characters of pandalid shrimps and differ from the other two species of Plesionika with larval morphology known in the number of spines on the anteroventral margin of carapace, number of tubercles on antennule, endopod segmentation in antenna, and third maxilliped setation. Although members in Plesionika are often separated into species groups, members of the same species group do not necessarily have similar early larval morphology. Since the zoea VIII of P. grandis still lacks pleopods and fifth pereiopod, this shrimp likely has at least 12 zoeal stages and a larval development of 120 days.

Further records of the deep-sea pandalid shrimp Heterocarpus chani Li, 2006 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea) from southern India.

The commercial deep-sea caridean shrimp Heterocarpus gibbosus Spence Bate, 1888 has long been recorded from India and constitutes an important part of the catches in the context of the further development of deep-sea fisheries in India. A recent survey in some deep-sea fishing ports in southern India, however, revealed that all material previously reported as “H. gibbosus” is actually a misidentification of its closely related species H. chani Li, 2006, which has only recently been reported from India. More detailed comparisons allowed the discovery of more distinctive characters between H. chani and H. gibbosus.

Three new decapods (Aristeidae, Chirostylidae, Pandalidae) from the Cape Verde Islands (NE Atlantic)

In the present article three benthic decapods, Aristeus varidens Holthuis, 1952 (Aristeidae), Gastroptychus formosus (Filhol, 1884) (Chirostylidae) and Plesionika longicauda (Rathbun, 1901) (Pandalidae), are recorded for the first time from the Cape Verde Islands. This is the southernmost record of G. formosus, as well as the northernmost of P. longicauda ever recorded from the eastern Atlantic. Preliminary data on batch fecundity and egg size of the pandalid shrimp are provided. Studied specimens were caught in the frame of a scientific trapping survey.

Latitudinal patterns in the life-history traits of three isolated Atlantic populations of the deep-water shrimp Plesionika edwardsii (Decapoda, Pandalidae)

Patterns in the life-history traits of the pandalid shrimp Plesionika edwardsii are studied for the first time in three isolated Atlantic populations (Madeira, Canaries and Cape Verde Islands) to gain an understanding of their latitudinal variations. The maximum carapace size of the populations studied, as well as the maximum weight, showed clear latitudinal patterns. The patterns observed may be a consequence of the temperature experienced by shrimps during development, 1.37°C higher in the Canaries and 5.96°C higher in the Cape Verde Islands than in Madeira. These temperature differences among populations may have induced phenotypic plasticity because the observed final body size decreased as the temperature increased. A latitudinal north-south pattern was also observed in the maximum size of ovigerous females, with larger sizes found in the Madeira area and lower sizes observed in the Cape Verde Islands. A similar pattern was observed in the brood size and maximum egg size. Females of P. edwardsii produced smaller eggs in the Cape Verde Islands than did those at the higher latitude in Madeira. P. edwardsii was larger at sexual maturity in Madeira than in the Cape Verde Islands. The relative size at sexual maturity is not affected by latitude or environmental factors and is the same in the three areas studied, varying slightly between 0.568 and 0.585. P. edwardsii had a long reproductive season with ovigerous females observed all year round, although latitudinal variations were observed. Seasonally, there were more ovigerous females in spring and summer in Madeira and from winter to summer in the Cape Verde Islands. P. edwardsii showed a latitudinal pattern in size, with asymptotic size and growth rate showing a latitudinal compensation gradient as a result of an increased growth performance in the Madeira population compared to that of the Cape Verde Islands.

A simple predation pressure index for modeling changes in natural mortality: Application to Gulf of Maine northern shrimp stock assessment

This paper describes a method for incorporating varying predation pressure in stock assessment that does not require estimation of consumption rates or absolute consumption by predators. The method is applied to assessment of northern shrimp Pandalus borealis, an important forage species in the North Atlantic Ocean and the target of major fisheries. A predation pressure index (PPI) was developed using data collected during resource surveys in Gulf of Maine northern shrimp habitat areas during 1968–2013. Predators were identified based on the percent frequency of occurrence (PFO) of Pandalid shrimp in their diets. The PPI for each year was the weighted sum of the biomass indices of 21 identified predators, where the weights were the time-series average PFO for each predator. The PPI thus reflected the effects of both the biomass of each predator and its importance as a predator of shrimp. The PPI time series was used to scale an assumed average natural mortality rate (M) that replaced a constant M assumption in the stock assessment model. Use of the PPI-scaled M improved the overall fit of the model and reduced a retrospective pattern in the constant M model by nearly 60%. The PPI approach allows time-varying predation to be accounted for in an assessment model without requiring estimates of absolute abundance of predators and their total consumption, quantities which may be unavailable or difficult to estimate accurately.

The occurrence of Pandalopsis spinosior Hanamura, Kohno & Sakaji, 2000 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Pandalidae) in Hokkaido, northern Japan, and reassessment of its diagnostic characters

Pandalopsis spinosior Hanamura, Kohno & Sakaji, 2000 (Decapoda: Caridea: Pandalidae) was originally described on the basis of material collected in the Urup Strait, South Kurile Islands, but there have been no subsequent records of the species since the original description. The Marine Science Museum, Fukushima Prefecture (Aquamarine Fukushima) has carried out investigations on deep-water animals in the Nemuro Strait, off Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan, amongst the collections a large, commercially important pandalid shrimp routinely identified with P. coccinata Urita, 1941. Examination of the specimens from the collections, however, resulted in an unexpected identification with P. spinosior, instead of P. coccinata. In this short article, diagnostic characters of P. spinosior are reassessed, and comparison with P. coccinata is made. The validity of P. zarenkovi Ivanov & Sokolov, 2001, for which possible synonymy with P. spinosior was suggested, is maintained for the time being.

It takes guts to locate elusive crustacean prey

Mobile crustacean prey, i.e. crangonid, euphausiid, mysid, and pandalid shrimp, are vital links in marine food webs. Their intermediate sizes and characteristic caridoid escape responses lead to chronic underestimation when sampling at large spa- tial scales with either plankton nets or large trawl nets. Here, as discrete sampling units, we utilized in- dividual fish diets (i.e. fish biosamplers) collected by the US National Marine Fisheries Service and North- east Fisheries Science Center to examine abundance and location of these prey families over large spatial and temporal scales in the northeastern US shelf large ecosystem. We found these prey families to be impor- tant to a wide variety of both juvenile and adult dem- ersal fishes from Cape Hatteras to the Scotian Shelf. Fish biosamplers further revealed significant spatial shifts in prey in early spring. Distributions of mysids and crangonids in fish diets shoaled significantly from February to March. Distributions of euphausiids and pandalids in fish diets shifted northward during March. Of multiple hypotheses for these shifts, prey migration is most strongly supported. Rather than only the classic ontogenetic shift from feeding on shrimp to piscivory, of the 25 identified diet shifts in fish predators, 12 shifts were toward increased shrimp feeding frequency with increasing body length.

Redescription of the early larval stages of the pandalid shrimp Chlorotocus crassicornis (Decapoda: Caridea: Pandalidae).

The first four larval stages of the pandalid shrimp Chlorotocus crassicornis (A. Costa, 1871) are described and illustrated from laboratory-reared material obtained from ovigerous females collected in the southwestern Spain and south Taiwan. The second to fourth larval stages of this species are reported for the first time to science. Detailed examination of the first larval stages reveals that previous description misidentified some key larval characters which have prevented its identification in plankton samples. It is found that the zoeal morphology of Chlorotocus is not very different from other pandalid larvae, and in fact closely resembles Plesionika and Heterocarpus.

Effects of stocking density and shelter type on the growth and survival of pandalid shrimp (Pandalopsis japonica Balss, 1914) juveniles

In this study, we determined the optimal shelter type by comparisons of growth, survival and RNA/DNA ratio of Pandalopsis japonica juveniles after rearing for 1 month and examining the effects of some shelters. The shelters used were brush-type, coloured pompons, and vinyl blankets. Attachment of individuals was highest, 117.7 ± 9.29 shrimp/900 cm2, with brush-type shelters. In rearing experiments for 1 month with four shelters and two stocking densities, carapace length (4.44-4.48 mm), wet weight (119.1-126.9 mg/ind.) and RNA/DNA ratio (0.11-0.12) were not significantly different between the treatments. Survival was highest with the brush-type shelter, but values were not significantly related to stocking density. In conclusion, the shelter type most enhancing attachment to the substrate and survival was a brush-type shelter. Regarding stocking density, survival was higher with a lower stocking density (60 juveniles/900 cm2). Thus, the quantities of reared shrimp can be enhanced by introducing shelters in aquaculture tanks.

Antioxidant and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of the By-products of Three Pandalid Shrimps

The antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory activities of the acetone and dichloromethane (<TEX>$CH_2Cl_2$</TEX>) extracts of the by-products (heads, shells, and tails) of Pandalus borealis, Pandalus hypsinotus, and Pandalopsis japonica belonging to the family Pandalidae were investigated and their bioactivities were compared. The antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory activities of the organic solvent extracts of three shrimp by-products were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-Azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] (<TEX>$ABTS^+$</TEX>) radical scavenging activities, reducing power and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity assays and Ellman's colorimetric method. The extracts of P. hypsinotus exhibited the highest antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory activities. The acetone extracts showed more potent activities toward antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibition compared with the <TEX>$CH_2Cl_2$</TEX> extracts. Furthermore, the total carotenoid contents of the acetone extracts were higher than those of the <TEX>$CH_2Cl_2$</TEX> extracts. Thus, the carotenoid contents may affect antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibition. Our results suggest that the shrimp by-products could act as a nutraceutical agent to prevent oxidative stress and Alzheimer's disease.

물렁가시붉은새우(Pandalopsis japonica) 부화유생 사육을 위한 영양강화 알테미아, 바지락살 및 배합사료의 공급 효과

Larvae of pandalid shrimp Pandalopsis japonica are benthic, and may prefer bottom to planktonic food items. Three diets, enriched Artemia meta-nauplii (AR), clam meat (CM), and crumbled shrimp (CD), were evaluated as food for early larvae in terms of biometric growth R:D ratios. Larvae fed AR and CM had significantly greater total length and dry weight than did larvae fed CD (P<0.05). Survival was significantly greater in larvae fed CM than in those fed AR and CD (P<0.05). R:D ratios were also significantly higher in larvae fed AR and CM than in those fed CD (P<0.05). Planktonic Artemia meta-nauplii containing high levels of fatty acids and amino acids were not suitable for either normal somatic growth or survival at early benthic larval stages. Furthermore, it is necessary to determine the optimal feeding duration to increase digestibility of AD. Thus, we propose that clam meat is the best diet for pandalid shrimp larvae.

A new species of shrimp of the genus Anachlorocurtis Hayashi, 1975 from the Red Sea, with range extension of A. commensalis Hayashi, 1975 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Pandalidae).

A new species of pandalid shrimp Anachlorocurtis occidentalis sp. n., associated with antipatharian corals, is described and illustrated from the north-eastern Red Sea. This new species is closely related to Anachlorocurtis commensalis Hayashi, 1975, the only other species in the genus, and can be distinguished by the more slender body and appendages; the carapace with 3 large, and one small, subtriangular lobes in the middorsal line; a flattened dorsal outline of the third abdominal segment; the sixth abdominal segment twice as long as fifth one; propodi of the ambulatory pereiopods bearing only a single posterior spinule; and harbouring 3–5 pairs of dorsolateral spines on the telson. A revised generic diagnosis is provided here to accommodate the present new species. The genetic divergence of mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) between Anachlorocurtis occidentalis sp. n., and A. commensalis is 15.2–15.4%. Molecular analysis also confirmed a sister position of the genus Anachlorocurtis to Miropandalus. The present records of A. commensalis from Taiwan constitute an extension of the known range of the species.

Morphology of the first zoeal stage of three deep-water pandalid shrimps,Heterocarpus abulbus Yang, Chan & Chu, 2010, H. hayashii Crosnier, 1988 and H. sibogae De Man, 1917 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea).

The eggs of three deep-sea pandalid shrimps Heterocarpus abulbus, H. hayashii and H. sibogae are successfully hatched in the laboratory. The first zoeal stage of these shrimps are described, with those of H. abulbus and H. hayashii being reported for the first time. First zoeae of different Heterocarpus species can be distinguished by the spination at the anteroventral carapace, body size, rostral length and appendage setation.

Relative growth and sexual maturity of the pandalid shrimp Plesionika izumiae (Decapoda, Caridea) in Kagoshima Bay, southern Japan

The pandalid shrimp Plesionika izumiae Omori, 1971 is widely distributed in the west Pacific region. This is a relatively common shrimp in the coastal waters of Japan, except off northern Honshu and Hokkaido, and it is commercially important for small-scale bottom seine fishery. The relative growth of secondary sexual characters (appendix masculina for the male and abdomen width for the female) of P. izumiae was studied in Kagoshima Bay, southern Japan, from December 2009 to November 2011. The length of the appendix masculina was measured for males, while abdomen width near the second pleopod was measured for females. The relationships between carapace length and the observed secondary sexual characters were studied using the least squares method. The appendix masculina showed positive allometric growth in relation to carapace length (CL), showing discontinuities at 7.3 mm CL. The width of the female abdomen showed positive allometric growth with CL, while indicating a discontinuity at 8.6 mm carapace length. The observed discontinuities in the growth rate of secondary sexual characters of P. izumiae might be attributed to sexual maturation.

Diversity and bathymetric distribution of decapod crustaceans attracted to baited traps from the middle slope of the northern Aegean Sea

We sampled the decapod crustaceans inhabiting the depth zone between 500 and 1500 m off Gökçeada Island (northern Aegean Sea) from May 2010 to November 2011. The deep-slope decapod fauna of the northern Aegean Sea was sampled with baited traps. A total of 23 species of decapods have been identified at 32 stations. The results were analysed in terms of composition and distribution of benthic and benthopelagic bait-attracted species between regions. In addition, they were compared between stations in relation to the depth gradient. The results are discussed in relation to previous studies carried out in the eastern and western Mediterranean. Also, the use of traps is commented for different regions and the effects of the sampler on benthic species are discussed. The most common species was the penaeid shrimp, Parapenaeus longirostris in samples taken between 500 and 600 m. It is followed by Polycheles typhlops and the pandalid shrimp Plesionika martia martia. These species constitute more than 50% of all decapods. Differences among the strata at 500-1500 m depth were tentatively explained using the Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H′). The highest H′ value was found for the 800-1000 m depth strata. The lowest number of species was observed between 1000 and 1500 m, which lowered the diversity index values (H′). The results of similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER) showed a change in the decapod fauna below 1000 m depth. The present results are preliminary; further data collection and analysis will be required to evaluate the role of palaeoecolgical conditions and trophic factors, and how these could be supposed to interact.

물렁가시붉은새우(Pandalopsis japonica)의 유생 단계에 따른 에너지수지

【The energy budget of the larvae of pandalid shrimp, Pandalopsis japonica, reared in the laboratory from zoea to post-larva was investigated. Energy used during the growth of the shrimp larvae was calculated daily for feeding, growth, molting, and metabolism. The total energy used was 16.2 J for the entire larval stage. Molting energy loss was estimated at a total 1.03 J. Energy used for respiration was estimated at a total of 1.85 J. The intake energy by feeding reached a total of 77.69 J. The total sum of energies used by excretion and egestion was 58.61 J. Larvae assimilated 24.57% of ingested food and used 84.91% for somatic growth. The gross growth efficiency ( $K_1$ ) was 22.19% for the entire larval stage, and the net growth efficiency ( $K_2$ ) was 90.31%. Maintenance costs were estimated at 9.69% of assimilated energy for the entire larval stage.】

The occurrence of the pandalid shrimp Heterocarpus abulbus Yang, Chan &amp; Chu, 2010 (Decapoda, Caridea) in Japan

The occurrence of the pandalid shrimp Heterocarpus abulbus Yang, Chan &amp; Chu, 2010 (Decapoda, Caridea) in Japan

Environmental factors affecting recruitment of northern shrimp Pandalus borealis in West Greenland waters

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 469:297-306 (2012) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09794 Environmental factors affecting recruitment of northern shrimp Pandalus borealis in West Greenland waters Kai Wieland1,*, Helle Siegstad2 1Technical University of Denmark, Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU Aqua), 9850 Hirtshals, Denmark 2Greenland Institute of Natural Resources (GINR), 3900 Nuuk, Greenland *Email: kw@aqua.dtu.dk ABSTRACT: Survey estimates of northern shrimp Pandalus borealis biomass in West Greenland waters increased from about 178000 t in 1998 to about 598000 t in 2003. The increase in stock size was preceded by several consecutive years in which recruitment was substantially above average. Recruitment has been poor since then despite record high levels of female stock biomass. Ricker-type stock-recruitment functions did not indicate that the variability in recruitment was related to female biomass. Multiple regression analysis revealed that mean female length, ambient bottom temperature and biomass of Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides had the most important effect on the variations of the ‘recruit per female biomass’ time series for the years 1993 to 2011. Variables which did not contribute significantly to the model included biomass of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua. This can be explained by the low stock size of Atlantic cod throughout the major part of the study period. The final model explained 83% of the variation in the recruit per female biomass index. However, the observations for 5 out of the 19 years considered in the present study were outside the 95% confidence interval of the fitted model, possibly due to a mismatch between the timing of larval hatch and the timing of the phytoplankton bloom, which could not adequately be addressed due to data limitations. KEY WORDS: Pandalid shrimp · Stock–recruitment relationship · Recruitment success · Temperature · Predation · Maternal effects · Subarctic seas Full text in pdf format PreviousCite this article as: Wieland K, Siegstad H (2012) Environmental factors affecting recruitment of northern shrimp Pandalus borealis in West Greenland waters. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 469:297-306. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09794 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 469. Online publication date: November 26, 2012 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2012 Inter-Research.

Maladaptive sex ratio adjustment by a sex‐changing shrimp in selective‐fishing environments

1. Selective harvesting is acknowledged as a serious concern in efforts to conserve wild animal populations. In fisheries, most studies have focused on gradual and directional changes in the life-history traits of target species. While such changes represent the ultimate response of harvested animals, it is also well known that the life history of target species plastically alters with harvesting. However, research on the adaptive significance of these types of condition-dependent changes has been limited. 2. We explored the adaptive significance of annual changes in the age at sex-change of the protandrous (male-first) hermaphroditic shrimp and examined how selective harvesting affects life-history variation, by conducting field observations across 13 years and a controlled laboratory experiment. In addition, we considered whether plastic responses by the shrimp would be favourable, negligible or negative with respect to the conservation of fishery resources. 3. The age at sex-change and the population structure of the shrimp fluctuated between years during the study period. The results of the field observations and laboratory experiment both indicated that the shrimp could plastically change the timing of sex-change in accordance with the age structure of the population. These findings provide the first concrete evidence of adult sex ratio adjustment by pandalid shrimp, a group that has been treated as a model in the sex allocation theory. 4. The sex ratio adjustment by the shrimp did not always seem to be sufficient, however, as the supplement of females is restricted by their annual somatic growth rate. In addition, adjusted sex ratios are further skewed by the unintentional female-selectivity of fishing activity prior to the breeding season, indicating that the occurrence of males that have postponed sex-change causes sex ratio adjustment to become unfavourable. 5. We conclude that the plastic responses of harvested animals in selective fishing environments must be considered in efforts to conserve wild animal resources, because such responses can become maladaptive.

Fishing methods for sustainable shrimp fisheries in the Canary Islands (North-West Africa)

During the past 20 years, experimental cruises have been conducted around the Canary Islands (North-West Africa) to investigate the biodiversity of the deep-sea ecosystem and to explore new fisheries resources. Although pandalid shrimps were shown to be very abundant in this region, information is lacking regarding the best fishing method for catching the different species of shrimp. Here, two types of traps were tested, a semi-floating shrimp trap and a traditional bottom trap, in an effort to improve the fishing gear effectiveness and to reduce the capture of non-target species. In total, nine species were captured, which were categorised into three main groups based on their depth of capture: Plesionika edwardsii, P. narval and P. holtuisi (100–400 m); P. ensis, P. martia, P. williamsi and Heterocarpus ensifer (400–800 m); and H. grimaldii and H. laevigatus (800–1 300 m). Significant differences were found in the capture of the different species: P. narval, P. ensis, P. edwardsii and H. ensifer were captured more readily using the semi-floating traps, whereas P. martia, P. williamsi, H. grimaldii and H. laevigatus were caught more efficiently with traditional bottom traps. This intra-specific difference in their capture was considered to be due to the differential motility of the species in the water column. There were indications that P. edwardsii and H. ensifer are an unexploited resource that has the potential to support a viable and sustainable fishery using semi-floating shrimp traps. Furthermore, the deeper-dwelling pandalid shrimps, H. laevigatus and H. grimaldi, could be a secondary target species using bottom traps.