Panning Method Research Articles

Experimental study of the impact factors of natural dam failure introduced by a landslide surge

A large amount of loose deposit between the sides of a landslide lake may slide into a reservoir at any time because of influences such as earthquakes, heavy rainfall or other triggering factors. These factors can cause the formation of a huge surge and result in the instantaneous failure of a landslide dam. The failure of a landslide dam can threaten people's lives and property downstream. This paper analyzes the destruction mechanism of landslide dams because of a surge and the impact of the contact area, the landslide height, and the distance between the entry point and the dam site for a dam break through physical experiment and compares the experimental results with the calculated values. Experimental results show that the contact area and the landslide height have a significant impact on the dam-break surge. A measure based on the previously mentioned factors can be made to reduce the dam failure risk caused by a landslide surge. Two empirical methods (Pan's method and Miller's method) are used to predict the landslide surge wave and compared with the experimental results; the simulated results show that the Miller's method used for predicting the landslide surge wave is more reasonable.

Computing real roots of real polynomials

Computing the roots of a univariate polynomial is a fundamental and long-studied problem of computational algebra with applications in mathematics, engineering, computer science, and the natural sciences. For isolating as well as for approximating all complex roots, the best algorithm known is based on an almost optimal method for approximate polynomial factorization, introduced by Pan in 2002. Pan's factorization algorithm goes back to the splitting circle method from Schönhage in 1982. The main drawbacks of Pan's method are that it is quite involved22In Victor Pan's own words: “Our algorithms are quite involved, and their implementation would require a non-trivial work, incorporating numerous known implementation techniques and tricks”. In fact, we are not aware of any implementation of Pan's method. and that all roots have to be computed at the same time. For the important special case, where only the real roots have to be computed, much simpler methods are used in practice; however, they considerably lag behind Pan's method with respect to complexity.In this paper, we resolve this discrepancy by introducing a hybrid of the Descartes method and Newton iteration, denoted ANewDsc, which is simpler than Pan's method, but achieves a run-time comparable to it. Our algorithm computes isolating intervals for the real roots of any real square-free polynomial, given by an oracle that provides arbitrary good approximations of the polynomial's coefficients. ANewDsc can also be used to only isolate the roots in a given interval and to refine the isolating intervals to an arbitrary small size; it achieves near optimal complexity for the latter task.

COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE MÉTODOS DE ESTIMATIVA DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIA (ETO) NA REGIÃO DE PETROLINA-PE

The study was aimed to estimate the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) daily for the region of Petrolina-PE, using data from the weather station Trough, inserted in the research unit of EMBRAPA-SEMIARID (CPATSA). Were used meteorological data for the year 2010 in the estimation methods of Penmam-Monteith-FAO (PM), of Linacre, Radiation and Class A pan. We adopted the method of PM as a parameter to evaluate the efficiency of other methods and the index (c) of Camargo and Sentelhas to evaluate their performance. For the method of PM was observed that in general the ETo values ​​show great variability throughout the year in the semiarid region of the state of Pernambuco, reaching present daily average values ​​between 3,0 and 8,0 mm day-1. According to the results it was observed that the methods of radiation and Linacre obtained satisfactory results, as the performance criterion, values ​​above 0,85 for c in the months of September to january. However, with respect to error on the PM, the Linacre method was very efficient for the study area, as there was a value 0,76%, while the method of the class A pan method showed the worst results, with an error around 12%. Have the method of radiation, despite the good performance coefficient showed underestimate the PM method, obtaining an error of -13%.

Human recombinant domain antibodies against multiple sclerosis antigenic peptide CSF114(Glc).

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic auto-immune disease characterized by a damage to the myelin component of the central nervous system. Self-antigens created by aberrant glycosylation have been described to be a key component in the formation of auto-antibodies. CSF114(Glc) is a synthetic glucopeptide detecting in vitro MS-specific auto-antibodies, and it is actively used in diagnostics and research to monitor and quantify MS-associated Ig levels. We reasoned that antibodies raised against this probe could have been relevant for MS. We therefore screened a human Domain Antibody library against CSF114(Glc) using magnetic separation as a panning method. We obtained and described several clones, and the one with the highest signals was produced as a 6×His-tagged protein to properly study the binding properties as a soluble antibody. By surface plasmon resonance measurements, we evidenced that our clone recognized CSF114(Glc) with high affinity and specific for the glucosylated peptide. Kinetic parameters of peptide-clone interaction were calculated obtaining a value of KD in the nanomolar range. Harboring a human framework, this antibody should be very well tolerated by human immune system and may represent a valuable tool for MS diagnosis and therapy, paving the way to new research strategies.

Processing of a novel powdered herbal coffee (Pistacia Terebinthus L. Fruits Coffee) and its sensorial properties.

In this study, the effects of roasting method, grinding and reduction in oil content on the characteristics of Pistacia terebinthus fruit coffee were investigated. Pistacia terebinthus fruit was roasted by microwave, pan and combined (microwave and convection) methods. The degree of roasting was determined by L*, a*, b* color values. The roasting times were 1,500, 1,900 and 1,620s for microwave, pan and combined roasting methods, respectively. Cold press was used to reduce the oil content both prior to roasting and after the roasting. The oil content was reduced to around 21.5% in all roasting methods to approach to that of coffee beans. Powdered Pistacia terebinthus fruit coffee brews were compared with each other and Turkish coffee in terms of aroma, flavor, acidity aftertaste, and overall acceptability. Sensorial analysis results showed that coffee brews prepared by pressing after the roasting process were better than those pressing prior to roasting.

Accuracy of the vertical tube shift method in identifying the relationship between the third molars and the mandibular canal.

The objective of this study is to assess the accuracy of the vertical tube shift method in identifying the relationship between the mandibular canal (MC) and third molars. Two examiners assessed image sets of 173 lower third molar roots (55 patients) using forced consensus. The image sets comprised two methods: PERI, two periapical radiographs (taken at 0° and -30°), and PAN, a panoramic radiograph (vertical angulation of -8°) and a periapical radiograph taken at a vertical angulation of -30°. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was the reference standard in the study. The responses were recorded for position (buccal, in-line with apex and lingual) and contact (present or absent). The McNemar-Bowker and McNemar tests were used to determine if the PERI and PAN methods would disagree with the reference standard (α = 5 %). The PERI and PAN methods disagreed with the reference standard for both position and contact (p < 0.05). The vertical tube shift method was not accurate in determining the relationship between lower third molars and the MC. The vertical tube shift is not a reliable method for predicting the relationship between lower third molars and the MC.

EVALUATION OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION

In designation water use by crops, evaporation and transpiration are combined in one term called evapo-transpiration (ET), as it is difficult to separate those two losses in crop field. Evaporation and transpiration are simultaneously and it is not easy to distinguish between the two processes. Evapotranspiration is a complex phenomenon it depends on various factors as pressure, wind speed, temperature, humidity, solar radiation, vapor etc. Evapotranspiration can be measured by different five principles method viz. lysimeter method, Hargreaves class ‘A’ pan method, field plot method, Blaney-Criddle method and penman formula. ET can be measured by all methods above using different parameters involved. In this paper we discuss about measurement of ET by above all methods using software prepared by us in visual basic, this software takes the particular input from the user for particular methods and gives the output i.e. value of ET by that method. It also provides user the flexibility to compare the results of all the method. This provides great advantage by avoiding tedious calculations, user friendly, and easily comparing the results of various fields by various methods in almost no time. This software is in compact executable .exe file which avoids the process of installing it.

Sound Localization on Tabletop Computers

Tabletop computers (also known as surface computers and smart tables) have been growing in popularity for the past decade and are poised to make inroads into the consumer market, opening up a new market for the games industry. But before tabletop computers become widely accepted, there are many questions with respect to sound production and reception for these devices that need to be explored, particularly when it comes to multimedia consumption on the devices. For example, which loudspeaker setups should be used to take into consideration the multi-user nature of tabletop computers, and which panning method(s) maximize the spatial localization abilities of the user(s)? Previous work suggests that a quadraphonic diamond-shaped loudspeaker configuration—whereby a loudspeaker is placed at each of the four sides of the tabletop computer—leads to more accurate localization results when compared with a traditional quadraphonic loudspeaker configuration—whereby a loudspeaker is placed at each of the four corners of the tabletop computer. Given this preference for a diamond loudspeaker configuration, we examine two amplitude-panning methods (bilinear interpolation and inverse distance) for spatializing a sound on the (horizontal) surface of the table-computer with a diamond loudspeaker configuration. Results from the study detailed in this paper indicate that there are no significant differences between the two methods and that both methods are prone to error.

Automation Highlights from the Literature

Automation Highlights from the Literature

조리방법에 따른 고등어(Scomber japonicus) 및 전갱이(Trachurus japonicus)의 일반성분 및 지질성분의 변화

Changes in the proximate composition, lipid classes, and fatty acids were studied in chub mackerel Scomber japonicus and Japanese jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus muscles cooked using a frying pan, oven, and microwave oven. The moisture content was high in the raw samples (chub mackerel 65.5%, Japanese jack mackerel 60.5%) and decreased with cooking, especially in the frying pan method (chub mackerel 49.2%, Japanese jack mackerel 49.8%). In contrast, the protein, lipid and ash contents increased significantly with cooking in chub mackerel muscle (P<0.05). However, the lipid content of Japanese jack mackerel muscle showed no significant difference between the samples using the three cooking methods and the raw sample. The dripped lipid contents from the cooked muscles showed the highest levels in the frying pan samples and the lowest levels in the microwave oven samples. The percentage of non-polar lipid (NL) in the total lipid content was over 95% in the muscle lipids (10.43-21.86 g/100 g sample). Prominent fatty acids were 16:0, 18:1n-9, 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), 16:1n-7 and 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) in both fish muscles and dripped lipids. There was no change in the EPA level in any of the fish muscles, by any cooking method. The percentage of DHA in the muscle of chub mackerel showed the lowest level in the frying pan sample and the highest level in the microwave oven and raw samples, and an intermediate level in the oven sample. However, the percentage of DHA in the Japanese jack mackerel muscle was not significantly different between the various cooking methods. From these results, the microwave oven and oven cooking methods showed relatively low levels of dripped lipid content and loss of n-3 PUFA compared with the frying pan cooking method.

Isolation of αL I domain mutants mediating firm cell adhesion using a novel flow-based sorting method.

The inserted (I) domain of αLβ2 integrin (LFA-1) contains the entire binding site of the molecule. It mediates both rolling and firm adhesion of leukocytes at sites of inflammation depending on the activation state of the integrin. The affinity change of the entire integrin can be mimicked by the I domain alone through mutations that affect the conformation of the molecule. High-affinity mutants of the I domain have been discovered previously using both rational design and directed evolution. We have found that binding affinity fails to dictate the behavior of I domain adhesion under shear flow. In order to better understand I domain adhesion, we have developed a novel panning method to separate yeast expressing a library of I domain variants on the surface by adhesion under flow. Using conditions analogous to those experienced by cells interacting with the post-capillary vascular endothelium, we have identified mutations supporting firm adhesion that are not found using typical directed evolution techniques that select for tight binding to soluble ligands. Mutants isolated using this method do not cluster with those found by sorting with soluble ligand. Furthermore, these mutants mediate shear-driven cell rolling dynamics decorrelated from binding affinity, as previously observed for I domains bearing engineered disulfide bridges to stabilize activated conformational states. Characterization of these mutants supports a greater understanding of the structure-function relationship of the αL I domain, and of the relationship between applied force and bioadhesion in a broader context.

가상 음원 이미징을 위한 향상된 진폭 패닝 기법

In this paper, the problems of the conventional amplitude panning method for a stereophonic panning system are analyzed. We observed that the distortion showed a feedforward comb filter response. As a remedy to this distortion, we propose a stereophonic panning system using a feedback comb filter. The comb filter is designed to minimize the difference between interaural level difference(ILD) of the proposed system and that of HRTF because ILD is most salient cue for the perception of the source direction. The proposed system is configured to operate selectively for the frequency band related to the source direction. The performance of the proposed system is verified by subjective listening tests.

Melting and crystallization DSC profiles of milk fat depending on selected factors

The aim of this study was to test selected factors, such as sample preparation and measurement procedure, potentially influencing repeatability of DSC analysis of milk fat melting and crystallization. The study investigated the effect of such factors as scanning rate, type of sample pans, method of butter dehydration, and final temperature in the cooling experiment. Based on recorded results, it was observed that cooling rate has a considerable effect on temperature, enthalpy, and height of peaks in the process of milk fat crystallization, as well as peak height and enthalpy in the melting process. By contrast, in the melting process no significant differences were observed in all measured temperatures in the range of heating rate of 2–20 °C min−1 (p > 0.05). No statistically significant effect on thermodynamic parameters was found for sample pan type, the applied butter dehydration method and various final cooling temperatures (−60, −50, and −40 °C) either in the melting or crystallization processes. Only temperature of the second peak (T c2) in the crystallization process constituted an exception in this respect, with significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) being recorded depending on the applied pan and dehydration method. With regard to the dehydration method, for the extraction and centrifugation methods the first peak forming during crystallization was characterized by high instability, manifested by various peak shape. Generally, it was found that the analysis of the melting and crystallization processes in milk fat, despite its complex composition, is characterized by high repeatability. Mean values of RSD calculated from all the experiments were very low, i.e., 1.8 % for the temperature in the melting process and 1.5 % in crystallization, 0.9 % for melting enthalpy, and 3.2 % for crystallization enthalpy, whereas for peak heights in melting it was 2.9 % and for crystallization it was 9.3 %, respectively.

Enhancing in vitro selection techniques to assist the discovery, understanding and use of inorganic binding peptides

Reflecting the increasing interest in combinatorial approaches, peptide phage display has seen an unprecedented expansion in a wide range of research areas. Its application to the discovery and analysis of metal binding peptides has opened up new research directions and largely contributed to the nanotechnology field. The rationale behind the need to identify such peptides varies depending on the final aim of the research and its application. Therefore, the possibility to modify the selection technique according to the different requirements would allow for a more systematic approach to be adopted and would ultimately provide substantial benefits. Although the standard panning method can be virtually applied to any target, its use for the identification of metal binding peptides does not provide the characteristics and the flexibility required for an efficient and tailored selection. Here we report on the development of a new panning method that can contribute to a faster, versatile and more informative analysis. Through the use of rolling-circle amplification, polymerase reaction and wild type phage, we have converted the standard selection technique into a more dynamic process in which adjustments can be evaluated and made consistently with the need of the experiment. The successfulness of the improved method is demonstrated in a number of panning experiments with different inorganic targets. The modifications applied to each selection are described and comparisons between the results obtained are made in order to extensively assess and evaluate the impact of the new process. The importance of tailoring the screening method to the specific objectives of a study is also considered. New binder sequences for the materials included in the investigation are identified; their sequences and distinctive characteristics are reported and their ability to act as templates for the nucleation of inorganic material is demonstrated and discussed.

The Pysico-Chemical and Sensory Properties of Jackfruit (Artocarpus Heterophilus) Jam

The potential of a nutritious fruit such as jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophilus) has remained largely untapped. Most tropical fruits can be processed and preserved in order to reduce post harvest loss in small scale operations using simple techniques. The proximate composition and sensory properties of jackfruit jam were investigated and pineapple jam was used as a control. Jackfruit jam was produced using the traditional open pan method. Proximate analysis showed protein content ranging from 0.19-1.12, ash from 0.27-1.50, vitamin C from 0.0037-0.0099, total acid from 0.054-0.313, pH from 3.35- 5.57 and oBrix from 23-70%. Result from Sensory evaluation using a five point hedonic scale to rate for color , aroma, taste, after taste, texture and general acceptability by untrained panelists indicated general acceptance of jackfruit jam. Results from sensory analysis showed that color ranged from 3.7-4.4, aroma from 3.7-4.4, taste from 3.8-4.6, after taste from 3.4-4.3 and general acceptability from 3.9-4.5, with jackfruit lower than the control in all cases, while texture ranged from 3.7- 4.3 and spreadability from 3.5-4.5 with jackfruit having a higher value in both cases. There was a significant difference at (P<0.05) in color, aroma, taste and general acceptability with control rated higher. While texture and spreadability showed no significant difference of (P>0.05). Assessors however scored jackfruit jam high for flavor and spreadability.

Tari Pendet News on Metro TV in 2009: Reviving National Sentiment

This paper contains idea that sensationality could also appear in the news of bilateral misunderstanding. In this study, I assume that rather than framing the international public issues into subtantial frames, sensational news of international affairs would merely expose the news into emotionaly-sensitive or provocative frames of involving countries. In addition, I presume that the sensationality of international newscast could find its source in the emotional aspect of cultural identity relations between the relating countries. If the assumptions are confirmed, I would like to emphasize also what kind of sensational frames are being used and the logic order of the frames. I apply qualitative frame analysis approach to prove whether Metro TV newscast frame the news of ‘confrontations’ between Indonesia and Malaysia in the case of Pendet Dance usage in Malaysian advertisements whether in sensational frames or whether not. Employing Pan method, I identify four structural dimensions affecting frame formations: syntax, script, thematic, and rhetoric of the narrative. In the other hand, I use interpretation method to analyzing voice, facial expressions, visual symbols and camera techniques which are parts of televison news text. The research found that sensationalism of Metro TV news about ‘Tari Pendet controversy’ is embodied through national sentiment frame and with several news framing that employed text features leading to sensationalism such as partiality, imbalance proportion, inaccurate information, labelisation that leads to negative connotation, and judgemental non-verbal expressions.

조리방법에 따른 삼치(Scomberomorus niphonius)의 식품 영양성분 변화

The changes in the proximate compositions, lipid classes, and fatty acids of muscle and dripped lipids, and the amino acid compositions and mineral content were studied in Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius muscle cooked using a frying pan, oven, and microwave oven. The moisture content was high in the raw sample (65.7%) and decreased with cooking, decreasing the most with frying pan method (54.5%). Conversely, the protein, lipid and ash contents increased significantly with cooking (P<0.05). The dripped lipid content from the cooked muscles was the highest with the frying pan sample (0.81%) and was approximately half this level in the oven (0.46%) and microwave oven (0.34%) samples. The percentage of non-polar lipid (NL) in the total lipid content exceeded 95% for the muscle lipids (13.9-17.6 g/100 g sample) and 99% for the dripped lipids (0.34-0.81 g/100 g sample). The prominent fatty acids were 18:1n-9, 16:0, 22:6n-3, 16:1n-7, and 20:5n-3 in the muscle and dripped lipids. The frying pan muscle lipid contained high levels of saturates and monoenes such as 16:0, 18:0, and 18:1n-9, and low levels of polyenes compared with other muscle lipids. The fatty acid compositions of the dripped lipids were similar with all three cooking methods. The prominent total amino acids in Spanish mackerel muscle were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, leucine, and arginine, and their proportions were similar (45.49-45.82%) in all samples. The potassium and phosphorous contents increased significantly with cooking (P<0.05), and while no heavy metals were detected in any sample. These results indicate that the change in nutritional components, especially the lipid content, was lower with the microwave oven and oven methods compared with the frying pan method.

Listening test for three-dimensional audio system based on multiple vertical panning

In this paper, the novel three-dimensional (3D) audio system is proposed. The proposed system is based on Multiple Vertical Panning (MVP) method and matches to the glasses-free 3D display system in which the size of screen is very large. The vertical position of sound images is synthesized by the panning between two loudspeakers placed at the top and bottom of screen. The horizontal position of sound images is controlled by the position of two loudspeakers. By the proposed system, multiple listeners can simultaneously feel the sound images at the position of objects depicted by the 3D display system. In order to evaluate the auditory performance of the proposed system, the listening test was designed by using the loudspeaker array in which twenty-seven loudspeakers were aligned on the vertical line. Sound images were synthesized by the panning between two loudspeakers placed at the top and bottom of the loudspeaker array. Twelve subjects listened to a sound and reported the position of synthesized sound images. As a result, it was indicated that subjects could feel the synthesized sound images at the position between two loudspeakers placed at the top and bottom of the loudspeaker array.

Calculating Methods of Forage Crop Water Requirements in Pasture

Most part of forage crop water consumption is water requirements in stockbreeding aspect. The methods of water requirements of forage crop are so important that there are lots of methods of calculating crop water requirements. It's necessary to study the relation of different methods because there are require a large of data. The paper adopts six methods which include evaporation pan method and PM method accounted water requirements of silage maize and elymus dahuricus according to the experiment and meteorological data of water-saving irrigation based in XiLinGuole typical pasture. The research shows that the result of PM method and BC method are larger than PM method, the relative error of Modified PM was larger in the medium-term and advanced growth stage, the relative error of the EP method was larger in the whole growth stage of two forage crop water requirements, the results of PT and MK method were smaller than PM method. The research also shows that the regression equations of Modified Penman method etc. five methods with PM method are good for silage maize and elymus dahuricus water requirements.

A Broad Set of Different Llama Antibodies Specific for a 16 kDa Heat Shock Protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

BackgroundRecombinant antibodies are powerful tools in engineering of novel diagnostics. Due to the small size and stable nature of llama antibody domains selected antibodies can serve as a detection reagent in multiplexed and sensitive assays for M. tuberculosis.Methodology/Principal FindingsAntibodies for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) recognition were raised in Alpaca, and, by phage display, recombinant variable domains of heavy-chain antibodies (VHH) binding to M. tuberculosis antigens were isolated. Two phage display selection strategies were followed: one direct selection using semi-purified protein antigen, and a depletion strategy with lysates, aiming to avoid cross-reaction to other mycobacteria. Both panning methods selected a set of binders with widely differing complementarity determining regions. Selected recombinant VHHs were produced in E. coli and shown to bind immobilized lysate in direct Enzymelinked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) tests and soluble antigen by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis. All tested VHHs were specific for tuberculosis-causing mycobacteria (M. tuberculosis, M. bovis) and exclusively recognized an immunodominant 16 kDa heat shock protein (hsp). The highest affinity VHH had a dissociation constant (KD) of 4×10−10 M.Conclusions/SignificanceA broad set of different llama antibodies specific for 16 kDa heat shock protein of M. tuberculosis is available. This protein is highly stable and abundant in M. tuberculosis. The VHH that detect this protein are applied in a robust SPR sensor for identification of tuberculosis-causing mycobacteria.