Oil Palm Plantation Area Research Articles

POPULASI DAN TINGKAT SERANGAN KUMBANG TANDUK (Oryctes rhinoceros L.) PADA PERTANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT DI PT. CAKRA ALAM SEJATI, PROVINSI RIAU

The increasing area of oil palm plantations (Elaeis guineensis Jacquin) in Indonesia every year creates opportunities for pest that can harm oil palm plantations to develop, one of which is the coconut palm rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinocheros Linnaeus). This research aims to determine the coconut palm rhinoceros beetle population, the percentage of plants attacked, and the intensity of the attack on the planting area Kebun-24 palm plantations of PT. CAS (Cakra Alam Sejati). In this research used a survey method on oil palm plantations Kebun-24. Determination of sample blocks was carried out by purposive sampling and plant samples were selected randomly. The location of the research was carried out in Pelalawan Regency, namely in the Kebun-24 plantation of PT. CAS, Riau Province. The results of the research, the highest population was TBM block with an average of 11.27 coconut palm rhinoceros beetle individuals. The highest coconut palm rhinoceros beetle population was in block 4c (1 year) with 86 imago individuals and 126 larvae individuals, while the lowest population was in block 11a (8 years) with 14 imago individuals and 68 larvae individuals. The highest percentage of affected plants was TM block with an average of 98.67%. The highest attack intensity of coconut palm rhinoceros beetle was TM block with an average of 37.07%. The percentage of affected plants and the highest attack intensity were in block 7b (6 years) with 100% percentage of affected plants and 37.60% attack intensity, while the lowest was block 14b (2 years) with 72.00% percentage of affected plants and 32, 00% attack intensity

Early Detection of Basal Stem Rot Disease in Oil Palm Tree Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Hyperspectral Imaging

Early detection of basal stem rot (BSR) disease in oil palm trees is important for the sustainable production of palm oil in the limited land for plantation in Southeast Asia. However, previous studies based on satellite and aircraft hyperspectral remote sensing could not discriminate oil palm trees in the early-stage of the BSR disease from healthy or late-stage trees. In this study, hyperspectral imaging of oil palm trees from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and machine learning using a random forest algorithm were employed for the classification of four infection categories of the BSR disease: healthy, early-stage, late-stage, and dead trees. A concentric disk segmentation was applied to tree crown segmentation at the sub-plant scale, and recursive feature elimination was used for feature selection. The results revealed that the classification performance for the early-stage trees is maximum at the specific tree crown segments, and only a few spectral bands in the red-edge region are sufficient to classify the infection categories. These findings will be useful for future UAV-based multispectral imaging to efficiently cover a wide area of oil palm plantations for the early detection of BSR disease.

1998 - 2018: Analysis of Indonesian and Malaysian People's Palm Oil Plantations

This paper aims to analyze the oil palm plantations of the people of Indonesia and Malaysia in the last 1998-2018 years to be able to analyze the broadness, production and productivity trends and compare the performance of people's oil palm plantations in both countries. This research was conducted based on official documents issued by the statistics agencies of Indonesia and Malaysia by comparing the trend of the area, production and productivity of people's oil palm plantations in the period 1998-2018, then the data processing was done by mathematical methods so that the performance of people's oil palm plantations from both countries could be known. Discussion is carried out from the results of data analysis with descriptive analytical methods. The results of this study are known that; The area of planting and harvesting people's oil palm plantations in Indonesia is higher than Malaysia and still allows it to continue to grow beyond the dominance of private plantations in Indonesia; CPO production of mustard coconut plantations.

Synthetic Minority Over-sampling TEchnique (SMOTE) and Logistic Model Tree (LMT)-Adaptive Boosting algorithms for classifying imbalanced datasets of nutrient and chlorophyll sufficiency levels of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) using spectroradiometers and unmanned aerial vehicles

The conventional method to quantify leaf biochemical properties (nutrients and chlorophylls) is tedious, labour-intensive, and impractical for vast oil palm plantation areas. Spectral analysis retrieved from a spectroradiometer and an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and imbalanced approaches such as the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling TEchnique (SMOTE) and machine learning have given promising results for monitoring plant biochemical properties. However, the integration of these methods is not widely explored for oil palm. There are three primary aims of the current study. We evaluate the effectiveness of the integration of SMOTE, Logistic Model Tree (LMT), and Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) to address data imbalance problems for the assessment of the oil palm nutrients and chlorophylls status. The performance of the raw band and vegetation index (VI) extracted from the UAV in assessing leaf biochemical properties of mature oil palms is also addressed. Finally, we compare the competency of the spectral model retrieved from the spectroradiometer and UAV. In the study, nitrogen (N) treatments varying between 0 and 6 kg palm−1 were applied to mature Tenera palms. The integration of SMOTE with LMT and AdaBoost (LMT-SMOTEBoost) outperformed other approaches in classifying the leaf biochemical sufficiency status of mature oil palm. The VIs outperformed the raw band in discriminating the leaf biochemical properties at the canopy level. Both leaf and canopy spectral models obtained from spectroradiometer and UAV were comparable and produced good performance with balanced accuracy (BAcc) above 0.77. Using these techniques may provide palm oil plantation owners with a cost-effective way to monitor nutrient levels in palms more efficiently and comprehensively to ensure greater harvests and tree health.

Potential Utilization of Oil Palm Plantation Waste Supports Beef Cattle Development in West Sulawesi

West Sulawesi Province has oil palm plantation areas that have the potential to be integrated with beef cattle. This study aims to collect data on feed availability from oil palm plantation waste and the carrying capacity of beef cattle development in West Sulawesi Province. The research method used is the desk study method that uses secondary data from Statistics Indonesia in 2022 related to oil palm plantations, palm oil production, and beef cattle populations, as well as research data relevant to this study. The data collected were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that West Sulawesi Province has oil palm plantation areas in 4 districts (Polewali Mandar, Mamuju, Central Mamuju, and Pasangkayu). The availability of dry matter from the plantation and palm oil processing waste is 479,554.04 Tons DM/year with a capacity of 210,330.72 LU/Year and can meet the needs of 317.61% of the beef cattle population from four districts. The index of feed availability from palm oil waste was highest in Pasangkayu Regency, with dry matter production of 11,298.8 tons DM/year. West Sulawesi Province has the potential to support the development of beef cattle with an integrated system of palm oil and cattle.

The potential of area under young oil palm plantation on tidal swamps for soybean development

In Indonesia, soybean production during 2011-2020 only met 20-30% of the total need due to the decrease of the harvested area from 660 to 285 thousand ha. To achieve soybean self-sufficiency, the area of young oil palm plantations on tidal lands is potential for soybean development. In 2020, the areas reached 14.9 million ha with a growth rate of 8.68% year−1, meaning that at least every year, there is around 1.29 million ha of new oil palm areas potential for soybean production. Constrain for soybean growth on these lands are shading, low soil pH, and high Al-soil saturation. A solution for the shading problem is planting tolerant soybean varieties such as Dena1, Dena2, Denasa1, Denasa2, Argomulyo, and Dega1. The low soil pH and high Al saturation can be improved by using dolomite until the Al-dd saturation decreases to 20-30%. Soybeans can grow well under oil palm crops until the trees are 4 years old, with a potential production of >1.0 t ha−1, increases LER up to 1.8, and increases farmers’ income until the oil palm starts producing. Good planning and coordination among stakeholders for the input procurement, assistance, and farmers’ readiness would determine the success of soybean development on such lands.

PREDIKSI EROSI DENGAN METODE USLE DI PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT PTPN XIII GUNUNG MELIAU KECAMATAN MELIAU KABUPATEN SANGGAU

The research location that is in Afdeling 3 PTPN XIII Mount Meliau Meliau District of Sanggau. This study aims to predict the magnitude of the erosion and the amount of erosion that can still be tolerated. The method used in this study was calculated using the USLE by knowing the value of the R factor, K, L, S, C and P which are the root causes of erosion in the area of oil palm plantations in the study sites. Further erosion of values that can be tolerated in comparison to the predicted value erosion. Having compared the predictive value of the erosion of the value erosion that can be tolerated, it is necessary to do the conservation measures recommended.The results of this study found that the rate of erosion prediction (A) reached 140.16 to 9737.28 tons / ha / year. Value erosion prediction that can be tolerated (Etol) ranged from 48.22 to 32.13 tonnes / ha / year. In Ult4 land value (A) is greater than the value of Etol with moderate erosion hazard level, while on land Ult18, Ult24, Ult36 value (A) is greater than the value of Etol with severe erosion hazard level. Planning and prevention of erosion is the appropriate planting bench terracing of good construction. Special to land Ult4 and Ult18 can in recommend also with planting LCC and making the porch kontruksi was.

Species loss from land use of oil palm plantations in Thailand

Expansion of oil palm plantation areas in Thailand, the world's third-largest oil palm producer, for food and fuel may sometimes encroach on forest areas, leading to biodiversity loss. Thailand is in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, which contains high species richness. This study assesses the impacts of oil palm plantations on bird and insect species richness from land use in the five regions of Thailand by using the countryside Species-Area Relationship model. Data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and Thailand’s Land Development Department (LDD) were used for species occurrence and land use data, respectively. This study focuses on the deforestation for oil palm because it poses the highest risk for wildlife compared to other habitats. The taxon affinity and regional characterization factors show the risk to wildlife (birds and insects) in the formerly natural habitat areas (i.e., deciduous, evergreen, and mangrove forests). The results show that the possibility of animal survival in former mangrove forests is higher than in other forests upon occupation, as demonstrated by the taxon affinity. Likewise, deforestation in the northern region causes the least species loss per area, as demonstrated by the lowest average regional characterization factor, because species densities are lowest. However, the impacts on species richness depend on the taxon and the combination of the region and the forest type. While the overall goal should be to minimize the expansion of oil palm, this study indicates in which forest type and Thai region land occupation causes less regional bird and insect species loss.

PERANCANGAN MESIN PENGOLAH LIMBAH LIDI KELAPA SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (CAD)

Abstract
 Riau is one of the areas with the largest oil palm plantation area in Indonesia. In general, oil palm has three types of waste, including: solid waste, liquid waste, and gas waste. Solid waste consists of empty bunches, midribs, stems and mesocarp fibers. The frond waste is generated when trimming the midrib at the time of harvesting oil palm fruit bunches. The oil palm midrib consists of rachis (leaves), pinnacs (leaves), and spines (sticks). The number of leaflets on one midrib ranges from 250-400 leaflets located on the left and right of the midrib. Each leaflet consists of a stick and two leaves. The process of separating sticks is still done manually, so it takes a long time to separate them. So in this study, we designed a palm stick machine using CAD. Designing with CAD provides many advantages including making it easier for designers to design, reducing time, and reducing costs during design. There are three design pictures of palm oil stick waste processing machines. Based on economic calculations, tools and materials needed and processing time, design drawing C is the choice. Next, build a waste treatment machine with reference to the selected design
 
 Keywords: stick waste, CAD, Palm Oil

Pemberdayaan petani melalui Rejuvenasi kelompok dan pengolahan limbah Sawit-Sapi di Kampung Sialang Palas-Siak

Lubuk Dalam District is one of the sub-districts in Siak Regency which has the largest oil palm plantation area. In this area there are 12 farmer groups (Poktan) with 610 members. One of the best oil palm Poktans is Karya Bersama located in Sialang Palas Village. This Poktan has a legal entity No. AHU-0048970. AH. 01. 07 and consists of 32 farmers. Today Poktan faces a big problem related to productivity during the Covid-19 period. Previously, Karya Bersama farmers were a productive society. However, since the pandemic, the productivity of this group tends to decrease drastically, although the desire to continue to excel is still high. The question is, how to increase the productivity of the Karya Bersama Poktan through rejuvenation in Sialang Palas Village? In finding a solution to this problem, this service activity collaborates with PPL, students of Kukerta Unri 2021, offering systematic solutions for structuring group relations and technology to farmers in cultivating potential. The methods are FGD, socialization, webinars, implementing the Sawit-Ku application, training on palm and livestock waste management, and mentoring with PPL and village government officials. Second, TTG in processing palm oil and livestock waste in the form of plates, mats, briquettes and fertilizers. In the long term, this empowerment activity is expected to be a productivity lever for self-help Poktan, especially during the pandemic.

Patterns of Forest Encroachment Behavior Based on Characteristics of Immigrants and Local Communities

This study aims to analyze the comparison of the behavioral characteristics of forest encroachers between migrants and local communities. The research method uses descriptive analysis. Sampling using the snowball sampling method. The results showed that the behavior of forest encroachment was formed based on the number of respondents from the most, namely the behavior of sustainable, mixed and unsustainable use. However, when viewed based on land area, it turns out to be inversely proportional to where the area of rubber plantations is at least 822 ha, while the area of oil palm plantations reaches 1203 ha. In addition, it should be noted that the highest land area is found in a mixed pattern. This means that local people have started to look at oil palm plantations for cultivation. Overall, based on the age that dominates the forest encroachers, the range is 31-50 years. The education of migrants is higher than that of local communities, but the pattern of encroachment of local communities is more sustainable when compared to migrants. The number of family members of immigrants is mostly in the medium category, while the number of family members of local communities is mostly in the small category. In addition, squatters whose main occupation is farmers tend to be more sustainable when compared to other occupations. Efforts to resolve the problem of forest encroachment in the Dharmasraya PFMU area can be resolved through sustainable community empowerment activities, improving the handling of encroachers, and increasing the effectiveness of PFMU management.

Patterns of Forest Encroachment Behavior Based on Characteristics of Immigrants and Local Communities

This study aims to analyze the comparison of the behavioral characteristics of forest encroachers between migrants and local communities. The research method uses descriptive analysis. Sampling using the snowball sampling method. The results showed that the behavior of forest encroachment was formed based on the number of respondents from the most, namely the behavior of sustainable, mixed and unsustainable use. However, when viewed based on land area, it turns out to be inversely proportional to where the area of rubber plantations is at least 822 ha, while the area of oil palm plantations reaches 1203 ha. In addition, it should be noted that the highest land area is found in a mixed pattern. This means that local people have started to look at oil palm plantations for cultivation. Overall, based on the age that dominates the forest encroachers, the range is 31-50 years. The education of migrants is higher than that of local communities, but the pattern of encroachment of local communities is more sustainable when compared to migrants. The number of family members of immigrants is mostly in the medium category, while the number of family members of local communities is mostly in the small category. In addition, squatters whose main occupation is farmers tend to be more sustainable when compared to other occupations. Efforts to resolve the problem of forest encroachment in the Dharmasraya PFMU area can be resolved through sustainable community empowerment activities, improving the handling of encroachers, and increasing the effectiveness of PFMU management.

Types of birds in oil palm plantation areas west pasaman district

Birds that are members of vertebrate animals (vertebrates) that have feathers and wings, this taxonomic animal belongs to the Aves class. Birds have important roles in ecosystems, among others, as pollinators, seed dispersers, and pest control. Biodiversity in areas determined by habitat and level of human activity, as well as various species of birds in homogeneous forest areas such as oil palm. This research was conducted in January 2019 until May 2019, using the Visual En c ounter Survey (VES) and Point Count method which was conducted in 3 observation sessions (morning, afternoon, evening). The research data will be presented in tabular form and analyzed descriptively. The results obtained are 3 species of birds in the area of oil palm plantations, namely Cekakak Shrub ( Halcyon smyrnensis ), Tekukur ( Streptopelia chinensis ), and Large Lathe ( Centropus sinensis ). Burung adalah anggota vertebrata yang memiliki bulu dan sayap, termasuk dalam Kelas Aves. Burung memiliki peran penting dalam ekosistem sebagai penyerbuk, penyebar benih, dan pengendalian hama. Keanekaragaman hayati di kawasan tersebut ditentukan oleh habitat dan tingkat aktivitas manusia, serta berbagai jenis burung di kawasan hutan homogen seperti kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai Mei 2019, dengan menggunakan metode Visual Encounter Survey (VES) dan Point Count dalam 3 waktu pengamatan (pagi, siang, dan sore). Total hanya 3 jenis burung yang ditemukan di daerah penelitian, yaitu Semak Cekakak (Halcyon smyrnensis), Tekukur (Streptopelia chinensis), dan Bubut Besar (Centropus sinensis).

Sifat fisik dan mekanik balok lamina dari batang kelapa sawit berdasarkan jumlah lapisan [ The physical and mechanical properties of laminated lumber from oil palm trunk based on the number of layers

The total area of oil palm plantations in 2019 is 14.2 million hectares. Every 25 years, there is always oil palm plantations replanting that produced oil palm trunks. The potential of oil palm trunks used as raw material for laminated lumber is about 52.5% of the total of oil palm biomass. Oil palm trunks have a very low density, so that it needs special processing before it could be applied as building material or other uses. The purpose of this study is to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of laminated lumber from oil palm trunks at the end position based on the number of layers. The method used in this research was the utilization of oil palm trunks lamination using PVAc (polyvinyl acetate) adhesive with variations of 1, 2, 3, and 4 layers. The results showed that oil palm trunks could be used as raw material for laminated lumber. The characteristics of laminated lumber made from 1, 2, 3, and 4 layers range between: moisture content (12.16 – 13.6) %, density (1.281 – 0.331) g/cm 3 , MoR (65.46 – 116.54) kg/cm 2 , and compressive strength parallel to its fibers (43.31 – 114,66) kg/cm 2 . The physical properties of the oil palm trunks laminated lumber with the increasing number of layers tends to increase the density and reduce the moisture content, rather than oil palm trunks laminated lumber with a smaller number of layers. The increasing number of oil palm trunks layers lamination increase the value of laminated lumber mechanical properties.

Comparing Soil Nitrous Oxide and Methane Fluxes From Oil Palm Plantations and Adjacent Riparian Forests in Malaysian Borneo

Riparian forests are often kept as buffers between rivers and oil palm plantations. Many benefits of riparian forests, such as increasing biodiversity and providing a travel corridor for wildlife have been documented. Conversely, data on fluxes of the greenhouse gases nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) from riparian forests are sparse. Nitrogen (N) from fertilizer applied in the oil palm plantations leached to the adjacent riparian forests, may increase emissions of N2O. Methane (CH4) fluxes might also differ between oil palm plantations and riparian forests due to carbon (C) availability. In this scoping study, we installed transects from three mature oil palm plantations to adjacent riparian forests within the SAFE project landscape in Sabah, Malaysia (https://www.safeproject.net) for measurements of greenhouse gases and associated parameters every 2 months for 13 months. Emissions of N2O were higher from riparian forests with 40.4 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 35.7–44.6] μg N2O-N m–2 h–1 than from an equivalent area of oil palm plantation 27.6 (CI: 23.1–32.3) μg N2O-N m–2 h–1. Methane uptake was significantly higher from the riparian forest with −14.7 (CI: −21.1 to −8.3) μg CH4-C m–2 h–1 compared to slight positive emission in the oil palm plantations of 6.3 (CI: 1.1–11.4) μg CH4-C m–2 h–1. We are contributing urgently needed flux data for less well studied riparian forests in the Tropics, however, additional long-term studies are needed to be able to draw wider conclusions than possible from this scoping study alone.

PRODUKTIFITAS DAN PENDAPATAN PETANI SWADAYA, PLASMA, DAN PERUSAHAAN BESAR SWASTA (STUDI KASUS DI PROPINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR)

The development of oil palm plantations in East Kalimantan can encourage the improvement of the regional economy and the people's economy. The interest of farmers to cultivate oil palm plantations is quite large, however, the production results are not in line with expectations. The purpose of this study is to determine the differences in productivity and income between independent smallholders, plasma, and large private companies. This research is a qualitative descriptive study referring to quantitative and comparative studies. It was conducted in 5 districts namely, Kutai Kartanegara, Kutai Timur, Penajam Paser Utara, Paser, and Berau in the largest oil palm plantation area in East Kalimantan. The results showed that (1) the productivity of oil palm plantations on large private- and plasma- plantations continued to increase until the age of more than 10 years, while in smallholder self-help plantations the highest productivity was at the age of 9 years, after that there was a decrease in productivity; and (2) the income of large private plantations and plasma plantations continues to increase until the age of the plant is > 10 years, while in smallholder plantations the highest income occurs at the age of 9 years.

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT DAN EM4 DALAM PROSES PENGOMPOSAN TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT PADA PT. LADANGRUMPUN SUBURABADI DI KABUPATEN TANAH BUMBU KALIMANTAN SELATAN

The objective of the research was to analyzes the exact treatment of Oil Palm EFB composting ussing POME , Bioactivator, and POME with Bioactivator in a given time and to analyze the best buildup of nutrients from Oil Palm EFB composting process with POME and Bioactivator. Then to analyze the best velocity for Oil Palm EFB composting process for POME and Bioaktivator addition. This research was conducted in two month at area of oil palm plantations in PT Ladangrumpun Suburabadi district Tanah Bumbu. The research was arranged in Random Design of Factorial Group (RDFG) and consists of one treatment factor with 4 group replications for experiment i.e ;PO ( EFB 75 kg (control)), P1 (EFB 75 kg added POME), P2 (EFB 75 kg added Bioactivator dose 100 cc), P3 (EFB 75 kg added POME and Bioactivator dose 100 cc). As a maturity indicator, the C/N value ratio at 54 days after application has not reached its standart , but the end of incubation period for 10 months has reached compost maturity with C/N < 20 (setyorini,2012). Phase 1 C/N ratio 50.10 – 74.3 best on control (no treatment) and in stage two months, it has a C/N ratio of 6.47 – 10.13, then the lowest on control. The treatment of EFB with POME and Bioactivator has increased the content of nutrients, at 54 days after aplication for N at 0.53% control, P at combination of EM4 + POME 0.19% and K at combination of EM4 + POME 0.56%. In 10 months the best N nutrient at EM4 1.21%, P at combination of EM4 + POME 0.14%, and K at combination of EM4+POME 1.21%.

The Effect of Shallot Extract and Auxin-Plant Growth Regulators on the Growth of Mucuna bracteata D.C.


 Introduction: This study aims to obtain concentration of shallot extract (Allium cepa ) and growth regulators to increase growth of Mucuna bracteata. Mucuna is a land cover plant that must be planted in oil palm plantation areas. It is very important to be able to cover the planting area.
 Materials and Methods: This study used two factorial in randomized block design. The first was concentration of shallot extract per 100 ml distilled water consists of 4 levels, such as control (B0), 10 cc (B1), 20 cc (B2), 30 cc (B3) and the second was the auxins-plant growth regulator consists of 4 levels: Control (G0), 100 ppm (G1), 200 ppm (G2), 300 ppm (G3). Data analyzed with ANOVA with a significant 5% and continued with the DMRT using SAS version 9.1.3.
 Results: It was found that effect of concentration of shallot extract had a significant effect on survival percentage of Mucuna bracteata at a concentration of 10 cc (B2) after opening the lid at four weeks after planting (WAP) and did not change until 8 WAP. Likewise, the number of leaves at the control concentration (B0) at the age of 6 WAP, and a concentration of 10 cc (B1) at the age of 7-8 WAP. The concentration of growth regulators and their interactions did not significantly affect the survive percentage and number of leaves in Mucuna bracteata.

The Readiness of Village Unit Cooperative in Facing Economic Competition and Globalization

This study aims to investigate the continuance of village unit cooperative, the management, and preparation in facing business competition and globalization. This study employed a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach to gain an understanding of the phenomenon. Three village unit cooperatives were involved as a research subject in the area of oil palm plantations in Muaro of Jambi municipalities. The findings indicate that the village unit cooperative has been able to provide better prosperity for its members. Second, the village unit cooperative does not have a more advanced and modern business plan to compete in the current era. However, the business undertaken is a monopoly that makes it village unit cooperatives difficult to compete with other parties.

Progressive biodiesel policy in Indonesia: Does the Government's economic proposition hold?

Crude palm oil (CPO)-based biodiesel is Indonesia's main product as part of the Government of Indonesia's (GoI) biofuel policy to secure energy, reduce trade balance deficit and subsidy, and lower emissions. Indonesia's biodiesel policy is progressive. In late 2019, biodiesel blending reached 30% of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and 70% of diesel, known as B30. The government sees the biodiesel policy as beneficial on the basis of its expected diesel import saving. However, it fails to take into account the potential export loss emerging from the opportunity cost of foreign exchange. Moreover, the macroeconomic impacts of biodiesel policy remain understudied. Using available input and output data, CPO and biodiesel projected balance sheets were constructed for 2020 to 2030 based on four biodiesel blending scenarios. Assessments were then made to reveal each scenario's impact on trade balance, subsidy, and land expansion. The present study found that: (1) while the biodiesel policy lowers diesel imports, the potential CPO export loss outweighs the import savings, (2) the biodiesel policy's impact on subsidy is highly dependent on the subsidy rate of FAME and diesel, and (3) land expansion of 48% to 76% of current productive oil palm plantation area is inevitable to support the ambitious biodiesel policy. Overall, the findings indicate that more progressive policies pose greater macroeconomic and environmental risks. The GoI should develop a clear roadmap for optimal biodiesel blending levels to deliver energy security and desirable economic and environmental impacts.