Color Palette Research Articles

Przemiany ikonograficzne w kulcie Santa Muerte (Świętej Śmierci). Analiza wybranych przykładów

The article explores the transformations in the image of the most popular Mexican folk saint, Santa Muerte (Saint Death). Based on photographic documentation and in-depth interviews conducted during field research in Mexico in 2022 and 2023, an analysis of iconographic changes has been carried out, particularly evident in the case of Santa Muerte figurines. By examining the most widespread variants of figurines available in devotional and esoteric product shops, one can observe the influence of Afro-Caribbean beliefs, pre-Columbian heritage, medieval and baroque aesthetics, as well as local folklore and popular culture, which directly shape the iconographic sphere of Santa Muerte’s cult. Examples include the color palette and manner of decorating the figurines, the saint’s attributes, and offerings. The article illustrates how current iconographic transformations reflect changes in beliefs, rituals, and perceptions of Santa Muerte both among her followers and those outside this community.

МЕТОДЫ И ПРИЕМЫ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ ДИСЦИПЛИН ИСКУССТВА В АРХИТЕКТУРНОМ ВУЗЕ

The aim of the article is to identify significant issues related to the relationship between arts disciplines, aimed at enhancing the general culture of students in the Faculty of Architecture and Design. The article examines a pedagogical experience that allowed for the consolidation and deepening of knowledge in art history through practical painting classes. Working with a still life set up based on the principle of "recognition," or choosing a color palette specific to a certain era, analyzing the creative method of well-known artists, and applying similar expressive techniques in practice were discussed. Also considered were the principles and concepts of organizing images in a two-dimensional space and their connection to art history. Creative methods of renowned artists were analyzed, and similar expressive means were applied in practice. The principles and concepts of organizing images in a two-dimensional space and their connection to art history were also examined. This article presents an applied approach to art education that helps students better comprehend the material and develop their skills and artistic intuition in painting. The research is practically significant and can be used as a guide for teachers and students in the learning process. The results of the study can be applied in the educational process and in educational-methodical work. They can help students better understand and master art history, as well as develop their painting skills.

Research on Graphic Visual Communication Design for User Perception Experience

Abstract With the advancement of technologies such as big data, machine learning, and human-computer interaction, there has been a notable increase in the expectations for the perceptual experience offered by graphic visual communication design. This study builds upon existing research to define six principal layout features specific to graphic visual communication design and presents a formula for calculating these features. Employing HSV color space theory, we quantify color perception features and utilize a generative adversarial network to establish a model for generating graphic layouts. An example analysis is conducted to validate the model. Notably, except for Q3 (warm color percentage), where the significance level was not below 0.01, all other variables showed significance levels under 0.01. The seven perceptual features that emerged as most influential on user experience include cold color percentage (0.088), color contrast (0.223), color vibrancy (0.188), hierarchical richness (0.267), number of colors (0.088), number of color palettes (0.212), and number of patches (0.081). This research not only enhances the efficiency and quality of graphic visual communication design layouts but also significantly enriches the perceptual experience of users.

How A Muslim Fashion Brand Do the Brand Refreshing?

Background. Klamby, first known as Wearing Klamby, was one of the oldest and biggest Muslim fashion brands in Indonesia. They used to perform as the fastest selling-out brand where their supply could not fulfill their loyal customer’s demand. However, the pandemic followed by the rise of many new competitors has put Klamby in difficult time where their sales were being extremely decreased.Purpose. The brand then did some brand refreshing; changing several things without changing the DNA or core value of the brand, such as: changing the name and logo, slogan, colour palette and fonts, and marketing materials.Method. This mixed-methods study involved 3 years (2019-2022) of observation of the Wearing Klamby official Instagram. The data were analyzed using scheming and filtering the brand refreshing components. Data is presented both in numbers and descriptions. An online survey has also been done to see which components customers like; before or after the brand refreshing?.Results. The results show that the brand refreshing that Klamby did was successful. The customers prefer the new name and logo, slogan, color pallet and fonts, and marketing materials. Some acts show a significant role and some don’t. The brand's refreshing progress, hopefully, can contribute to the development of Indonesian Muslim fashion in the future.Conclusion. This study has significant implications for the fashion industry. As Indonesia’s fashion industry is getting bigger and ready to be the center of Muslim fashion, more in-depth research about Muslim fashion is necessary.

COLOR PERCEPTION IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES AND CULTURES (BASED ON THE FRENCH AND GERMAN LANGIAGE MATERIALS)

Purpose. This paper is devoted to consideration of the color terms in French and German idioms and paremias and determining specifics of color perception in both languages. The authors made a comprehensive analysis of French and German idioms and paremias which contain color components. Color lexics containing such colors as blue/azure, red, green, yellow, white and black serves as the object of the analysis. Color palette clearly reflects cultural diversity, a worldview of French and German people.
 Method and methodology of the work. The study is based on comparative and descriptive method and method of thematical analysis of lexical units.
 Results. The results of the conducted research let us to conclude that color terms in both French and German languages are quite diverse from the national-cultural perspective and convey a high degree of intensity. Color perception is grounded on emotional impressions. All the color terms considered in the current article have positive as well as negative assessment, more rarely neutral.
 Practical implications. The outcomes of the study can be used in teaching lexicology, phraseology, stylistics, as well as within the field of linguistic and cultural studies of France and Germany.

Skin Tone and Inequality of Socioeconomic Outcomes in Mexico: A Comparative Analysis Using Optical Colorimeters and Color Palettes

We study the association between skin tone and socioeconomic outcomes in Mexico. Previous studies have relied on subjective measures of skin tone, but these may suffer from measurement error and bias from “money lightening” effects, and they do not include other physical attributes, which could lead to overestimation. We use a new data source in Mexico specifically designed to address these challenges, including an objective measurement of skin tone based on optical colorimeters. We find that the estimates of the association between skin tone and socioeconomic outcomes are consistent across data collection techniques (interviewer-rated, self-rated, machine-rated) and surveys. Around half of the association is explained by differences in socioeconomic background, a finding that emphasizes the importance of considering both historically accumulated disadvantages and current mechanisms of generating inequality. We also find that phenotypical characteristics other than skin tone (eye and hair color) are significant predictors of socioeconomic outcomes. These findings suggest that more than a strict pigmentocracy, where light skin is the only element or the definitive one, ethnoracial stratification in Mexico may be better characterized in a broader sense: as one where people with a set of racialized physical features linked to European origins have greater accumulated privilege and social advantages than those with features linked to Indigenous or Black ancestry.

The concept of coloristic treatment of a linear urban structure (on the example of Leninsky prospekt in Voronezh)

We examined the pool of colors demonstrated by the natural context of the city of Voronezh and the color palette of the architecture on the Left Bank and the main street Leninsky Prospekt of this district. Based on this study, a conceptual idea is proposed for the color treatment of the city’s extended linear structure. The concept allows for the spatial arrangement of the street, ensuring continuity in the perception of its colors, shapes and spaces and the stylistic features of the buildings. Orientation in the space of the street is improved through the accentuation by color of high-rise dominants, architectural monuments, socially and functionally significant objects, and historical buildings of architectural and artistic interest.

THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE OF INCLUSIVE HARMONIZATION OF THE INTERIOR SPACE OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS

This study examines the theoretical and practical experience of inclusive harmonization of the internal space of public buildings. In the process of identifying the features of internal space harmonization, a number of key aspects of the importance of color contrast were determined (definition of contours and shapes, orientation and navigation, identification of objects, security). It has been analyzed and determined that color contrast improves accessibility and perception of the environment for visually impaired people, making information more accessible and enabling more effective interaction with the surrounding world. The authors analyzed the practical experience of designing the interior space of public buildings and identified their features. 
 The research method revealed that taking into account the psychophysiological characteristics of users is a key element in the process of choosing a color palette. Designing inclusive spaces requires careful study and understanding of the needs of people with different physical and mental characteristics. Shades of color can affect our emotional state and physical well-being, so it is important to create spaces that support diversity and take into account the needs of all users.
 The work highlights issues of ergonomics and safety in the context of color harmonization. It is important not only to create an aesthetically pleasing space, but also to ensure its safety and convenience for everyone. Color solutions can be used to mark traffic paths, highlight dangerous zones, and also to improve readability and recognition of objects in space.
 On the basis of the work carried out, it was determined that the research and further identification of inclusive methods of color harmonization of the interior space of public buildings with the definition of clear parameters of contrast becomes an actual direction of the development of this work. Understanding the importance of inclusive color harmony is the key to building a modern society that respects and supports all its members.

Two‐Chromatic Printing Creates Skin‐Inspired Geminate Patterns Featuring Crosstalk‐Free Chemical and Physical Colors

AbstractSkin‐inspired optical materials that combine both chemical and physical colors provide enhanced information capacity for potential applications in optical multiplexing and anti‐counterfeiting technologies. However, the existing materials suffer from the limitations of an extremely narrow gamut and incompatibility with universal patterning methods to program dual‐mode images. Here, novel two‐chromatic printing technology is proposed to create full‐color, high‐resolution, and geminate patterns by newly designed fluorescent liquid crystal nanocomposites. Such nanocomposites consist of porous cholesteric liquid crystal networks embedded with core–shell CdSe/ZnS quantum dots to produce extended wide color palettes of both photoluminescence and Bragg reflection. The drop‐on‐demand two‐chromatic printing technology simultaneously enables the construction and patterning of the nanocomposites in a high‐precision way, orthogonally tuning the hues of two color palettes according to Grassmann's and Bragg's law. Therefore, the combination of different color generation mechanisms offers a versatile toolbox, which can be generalized to pigmentary, photonic, and even dynamic optical materials.

The Impact of the Barbizon School on Nathaniel Hone the Younger’s Landscape Painting: a Comparative Analysis of the French and Irish Periods

The paper analyses the artistic career of the Irish painter Nathaniel Hone the Younger with a focus on his period of study and residence in France, particularly in Barbizon. It analyses the infl uence of Thomas Couture and Camille Corot on Hone’s artistic evolution, and how the traditions of the Barbizon school are embodied in his landscape painting. Special emphasis is placed on the analysis of Corot’s infl uence on the colour palette, compositional decisions, and technical aspects of Hone’s landscape painting. Further consideration is given to the specifi cs of Hone’s art following his return to his home country of Ireland, in particular, the subtle shifts in his creative approach, the retention and progression of skills acquired at Barbizon, and their adaptation within the unique context of the Irish landscape

Enhancing Color Scales for Active Data Physicalizations

Data Physicalization is the area that investigates how physical objects can encode data through their physical (geometry and materials) and visual features. In the information visualization field, color plays a fundamental role in communicating and encoding data, and it is no different for data physicalization. However, in the real world, color perception can be influenced by the material that composes the data physicalization, the environment’s brightness, and the characteristics of the light-emitting device. Thus, this article presents a process to evaluate and select colors to compose color palettes (categorical, sequential, and divergent) for data physicalizations, considering the perceptual distance between the chosen colors and the brightness of the light-emitting device for evaluating the influence of neighboring colors. Additionally, users perform Information Visualization tasks (identification, comparison, maximums, minimums, etc.) with different color palettes of the industry and literature in a physical 3D bar chart composed of LED strips. The initial results showed better performance by participants using the proposed color scales in Information Visualization tasks than those using traditional digital color scales. Finally, the steps carried out culminated in the proposition of a pipeline for evaluating and creating color scales for data physicalization, considering the features of the light-emitting device and the material used in the data physicalization.

FEATURES OF DESIGNING A MODERN OFFICE SPACE, ITS EQUIPMENT AND FURNITURE

The aim of the study is to identify the main factors, modern approaches and methods of creating a comfortable office space based on the analysis of modern domestic and foreign experience in designing this type of premises.
 Methodology. Critical analysis of scientific sources on the research topic, normative and reference literature, comparative analysis of advanced domestic and foreign experience in office interior design, and a synthesis of the research results have been used in the study.
 Results. Historical aspects of the development of offices and modern trends in the interior design of this type of premises are considered. The main factors of creating a comfortable office space are identified: design in accordance with modern ergonomic requirements; implementation of aesthetic principles of interior design, effective functional and planning organisation. The ergonomic criteria for workplace organisation are presented, and the main aspects of office ergonomics are highlighted. Based on the analysis of modern design experience, approaches and techniques of artistic and aesthetic, functional and planning solutions for office spaces are identified. In particular, rational planning that combines common communication spaces with individual workstations, artistic and aesthetic solutions with balanced colour palette and accents, optimal lighting and modern ergonomic equipment are becoming integral components of an effective modern office space.
 The scientific novelty lies in determining the main factors in creating a comfortable office space based on the analysis of modern interior design practice for this type of premises, identifying current trends, approaches and techniques for creating the office interior, which is a further contribution to the development of research on office environment design.
 The practical significance of the results obtained lies in the possibility of their application by designers and employers when designing office interiors.

Several hybrids from Papuk – rare or new taxa in the national flora

Four hybrid taxa, previously rarely, or now for the first time recorded in Croatia, observed during the spring of 2020 and 2022 on Mt. Papuk, are presented. A hybrid of Primula vulgaris Huds. and P. veris L. called P. × polyantha Mill. is known as an ornamental plant, which comes in a whole palette of colors, but the occurrence of spontaneous hybrids that occur in nature in Croatia has been discussed in print only once, by Degen in 1937. Ophrys × hybrida Pokorny ex Rchb. f. is a cross between O. sphegodes Mill.and O. insectifera L., and it has never previously been recorded in Croatia. Orchis × beyrichii (Rchb. f.) A. Kern. and O. × angusticruris Franch are rarely recorded hybrids in which O. simia Lam. participates, the first by crossing with the species O. militaris L., and the second with O. purpurea Huds.

Many Colors of History

In his Time and Narrative, Ricœur introduces the term of “third time” to designate the middle ground between human and natural time. This time is synonymous with historical time, which is the main source of historical discourse. The third time consists of inscribing human time onto the time of nature. While historiography must strictly follow this structure, works of fiction have the freedom to explore and even create imaginative variations of time. Despite the constraints this seems to impose on historical writing, this article shows that even within the tight structure of historical time, a palette of various colors and shades, akin to imaginative variations, can be observed. Historical time possesses depth and speed; it can contract and relax, motivate or prevent action, or gain various dynamics in relation to the ending it offers.

Relationships between colorization and pseudo-colorization of monochrome images

This paper investigates the relationship between colorization and pseudo-colorization techniques for converting grayscale images to color. Colorization strives to create visually believable color versions of monochrome images, either replicating the original colors or generating realistic, alternative color schemes. In contrast, pseudo-colorization maps grayscale intensities to pre-defined color palettes to improve visual appeal, enhance content understanding, or aid visual analysis. While colorization is an ill-posed problem with infinitely many RGB solutions, pseudo-colorization relies on mapping functions to deterministically assign colors. This work bridges these techniques by exploring the two following operations: first - deriving pseudo-color from colorized images - this allows for creating stylized or abstract representations from existing colorizations, and second - enriching color diversity in pseudo-colored images - this enhances visual appeal and attractiveness of pseudo-colored images. The paper emphasizes the centrality of decolorization (rgb-to-gray) models in both processes. It focuses on the theoretical underpinnings of these problems but complements them with illustrative examples for clarity.

Pengaruh Pemilihan Palet Warna Dalam E-Book Terhadap Representasi Identitas Desa Bigaran, Borobudur

This study employs Charles Sanders Peirce's triadic semiotic theory analysis and utilizes quantitative regression analysis to investigate the impact of color palette selection in e-books on representing the identity of Bigaran Village in Borobudur. Involving 50 respondents with a valid and reliable questionnaire, the research establishes a significant relationship between color palette selection and the perception of the village's identity. With a correlation coefficient of 0.792 and a determination coefficient of 62.76%, the study indicates a robust contribution in understanding how colors influence users' perception of Bigaran Village's identity. In other words, the brown color palette is considered successful in representing the identity of Bigaran Village, serving as an effective representamen. The main findings reveal a positive and significant association between color palette selection in e-books and the representation of Bigaran Village's identity. Consequently, this research is expected to contribute to a better understanding of the role of color in representing village identity in e-books.

Cognitively Congruent Color Palettes for Mapping Spatial Emotional Data. Matching Colors to Emotions.

Emotions are touchstones of humans’ everyday life experiences. Maps of emotions inform a variety of research from urban planning and disaster response to marketing studies. Emotions are most often shown on maps with colors. Previous research suggests that humans have subjective associations between colors and emotions that impact objective task performance. Thus, a mismatch between the emotion associated with a color and the emotion it represents may bias the viewer’s attention, perception, and understanding of the map. There are no guidelines that can help cartographers and designers choose matching colors to display spatial emotional data. This study aimed to address this gap by suggesting cognitively congruent color palettes—color sets matched to emotions in a way that is aligned with color-emotion associations. To obtain the set of candidate congruent colors and identify appropriate color-to-emotion assignments, two user experiments were conducted with participants in the United States. In the first, participants picked a representative color for 23 discrete emotions. In the second experiment, for each candidate color from a set derived from the results of the first experiment, participants selected the best-matching emotions. The probability of the emotion being selected served as a measure of how representative the color is of that emotion. Due to the many-to-many nature of associations between colors and emotions, suitable color choices were incorporated into a dynamic palette generation tool. This tool solves the color assignment problem and produces a suitable color palette depending on the combination of selected emotions.

Co-modulation of structural and pigmentary coloration in Lyropteryx apollonia butterfly.

Nature produces some of the most striking optical effects through the combination of structural and chemical principles to give rise to a wide range of colors. However, creating non-spectral colors that extend beyond the color spectrum is a challenging task, as it requires meeting the requirements of both structural and pigmentary coloration. In this study, we investigate the magenta non-spectral color found in the scales of the ventral spots of the Lyropteryx apollonia butterfly. By employing correlated optical and electron microscopy, as well as pigment extraction techniques, we reveal how this color arises from the co-modulation of pigmentary and structural coloration. Specifically, the angle-dependent blue coloration results from the interference of visible light with chitin-based nanostructures, while the diffused red coloration is generated by an ommochrome pigment. The ability to produce such highly conspicuous non-spectral colors provides insights for the development of hierarchical structures with precise control over their optical response. These structures can be used to create hierarchically-arranged systems with a broadened color palette.

Generating Harmonious Colors through the Combination of n-Grams and K-means

Among the many approaches to studying color harmony tried so far, a relatively recent method is to leverage a large number of human-created and ranked color palettes, such as those hosted at colourlovers.com. Analysis of these large datasets could provide insights into the nature of color harmony but is usually overwhelming because of the sheer number of slightly differing colors. It is possible to quantize the colors in these color palettes to a manageable set of discrete colors without significantly affecting the harmony perception of the palette. Considering the quantized colors as words and the palettes as sentences, it is possible to form and compute the probabilities of n-Grams in the sentences. In this study, we create bigrams and trigrams from the corpus of highly ranked color palettes and use them to predict new color combinations. Respondents were asked to like or dislike the patterns colored with these color combinations. It was found that the new color combinations thus formed were almost as harmonious and pleasing as the originals.

Presentation of older layers and findings on historical architecture using the method of analytical presentation: Example of the Old Town Hall in Bratislava, Slovakia

Abstract Analytical presentation is one of the methods used in the process of monument restoration. The method displays certain valuable older layers in the form of a cutout in the dominant layer of the facade´s surface. This article seeks to illustrate the method on the example of the facades of the Old Town Hall in Bratislava, Slovakia, and its restorations that were performed in several phases. The floor is presented in the Renaissance style – a part of the wall in medieval style over the arch of the underpass is exposed. The largest areas of analytical presentations are realized on the northern facade in the courtyard. The areas of arcades are restored in light beige colour, respecting the Renaissance colour palette. On the wall, research uncovered important medieval style findings and fragments of the chopped pillars of continuous balconies. A large-scale analytical probe encompassing two floors was realized. A system of various medieval windows, richly decorated and formed by a curved arch or triangular gable, is preserved here with some more recent openings in the Renaissance style. The main facade facing the town square could also be classified as a system of analytical presentations. The tower shows plaster in an Early Baroque style with various windows (Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque) on both facades (Main Square and Kostolná Street). Interesting are Late Gothic double windows with wimpergs. The rest of the facade facing the Main Square is prevailingly designed in the Renaissance style. But in the middle, there is a part reconstructed in the Gothic style with a rich curved decoration. Next to the tower, there is a Gothic portal with an arc and oriel above it. In the part of the Kostolná Street, there is a Gothic plaster reconstructed by applying two methods. One contains a grained plaster in sandy colour, the second has a surface with networking. Various windows and niches (medieval, Renaissance, Baroque) are present here. The complicated analytical presentations contained in the facades of the Old Town Hall raise many questions in the expert discussion.