Pakistani Youth Research Articles

Inclusion of Islamic Beliefs in Esl Teaching at University Level in Lahore

ABSTRACT The current study aimed at culling the opinions of ESL teaching faculty regarding inclusion of Islamic beliefs in ESL teaching syllabus at university level to orient the Pakistani youth who after finishing their university studies mostly engaged in unislamic practices. The study was started with the objectives of exploring the opinions of private university ESL teachers regarding the inclusion of Islamic content in the current ESL teaching practices. The study was a survey and for the data collection a close ended questionnaire was used. The study used convenient random sampling as most of the teachers were reluctant to give their opinion so they were ensured that on the questionnaire there is no identity. 80 gender balanced teachers from private universities were included in the study. The study concluded that teachers have mixed opinions regarding inclusion of Islamic beliefs in already set standards for ESL teaching. The opinions of Male and female teachers were significantly different from each other. On some points male teachers were in favor but at some other points female teachers favored in ESL syllabus at University level. The study concluded that the universities seemingly Islamic orientation have not planned or trained their ESL teachers in case of Islamic beliefs are included in their syllabuses. Moreover, the private university faculties are considering inclusion of Islamic beliefs as a threat to the already ESL teaching practices in vogue. It recommends a full fledge study at a much broader level to include other factors which are not included in this study due to time and resources constraints.

Influence of Interpersonal Communication Sources on Voting Behaviour of Youth

A study was conducted in General Election 2013 Campaign" conducted to determine the influence of interpersonal communication such as (Parents, Siblings, friend, religious leader, celebrities teachers and others identifying which source is more significant in shaping voting behavior of Pakistani youth. For this study, the survey method was used, in which self-reported questionnaire distributed among 1000 respondents in public sectors universities of Punjab and Islamabad to find out results. SPSS was used for data analysis and statistical testing of the variables. The results proved that Parents are the most significant predictor of the voting behavior of youth, but their level of significance gradually decreases when compared to prior studies, because of change in the source of information of youth. This study supports the theoretical framework of interpersonal discussion that emphasized on the importance of interpersonal discussion in shaping behaviors attitudes and emotional reactions of youth.

The Promotion of Socially Inclusive East Asian Society: the Hong Kong Case

This study explores ethnic minority youths’ experiences of discrimination via the conceptual framework of social cohesion + social justice (inclusive of social harmony) = a socially inclusive Hong Kong. A small-scale qualitative research study was employed consisting of two focus groups, which included 13 ethnic-Pakistani aged 12- to 17-year olds in Hong Kong. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. In this study, Pakistani school-going youth reported experiencing different levels of discrimination. Two central themes emerged in the conceptualization of discrimination: (a) gender discrimination in youth’s own ethnic community and larger society reported by female Pakistani youth and (b) ethnic discrimination in broader Hong Kong society, mostly reported by male Pakistani youth. The findings of this study may highlight the importance of social cohesion, defined as unity among all members of a community for the betterment of society, which can be integrated into practice and implemented in social policy.

Ethnic Identity, Self-Esteem, Resilience and Mental Health Among Immigrant and Canadian-Born Pakistani Youth

This study presents select findings from the quantitative arm of a mixed-method community-based study. The study examines ethnic identity, self-esteem, resilience, and mental health in immigrant and Canadian-born Pakistani youth from a systems perspective. Sixty-one youth aged 18–24 years participated in a survey; among these, 28 completed the survey online and 33 completed the paper-based version. Youth reported on demographics, physical health, mental, and social health, and completed the 4-item Current Self-Esteem Scale (CSE), the 15-item Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM), and the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-12). Descriptives’ analysis was applied to the numeric items and content analysis was applied to open-ended questions. Among the sample, 34% youth were male and 66% females, 69% were Pakistani-born, and 20% were Canadian-born. About 36% of the youth had been in Canada for 5 years or less, and 10% reported 5–10 years of stay. Eighty percent of youth (n = 46) reported good to excellent mental health, and 74% felt stressed on most days. Scores for self-esteem (CSE) [6.5 (2.13 SD)], Ethnic Identity MEIM [3.14 (0.21 SD)], and resilience (CYRM-12) [4.23 (0.23 SD)] were moderate to high. Academic success and religious and family connectedness were found to have a positive effect on youth sense of self. Higher levels of ethnic identity and higher rating on mental health in our sample suggests the healthy immigrant effect.

The Impact of US Aid on the Attitudes of Educated Youth of Pakistan

Pakistan is one of the countries which have been economically well aided by the US for a long time. A survey conducted in 2012 by Pew Research Center’s on the Pakistani people’s attitude towards the US, reveals that majority of the Pakistanis have antipathies against US. This research aimed to explore the opinions of Pakistani educated youth about the significance of US economic aid for Pakistan and the extent of their likeness for the residents of US and its policies towards region, specifically towards Pakistan especially after the incidence of 9/11. The data was collected with the help of a structured questionnaire by interviewing 300 university students over 18 years of age from various public and private sector universities in Karachi. This research shows that most of the respondents of the survey answered the US economic aid to their country is significant and helpful, differently from the result of the above Pew Research Center’s 2012 survey. Furthermore, half of them showed their likeness towards people of US and their policies to support Pakistan in alleviating poverty and for the economic development of their country. This situation shows that the young and well educated generation has more positive attitudes towards the US than the general population in Pakistan. Nonetheless, more than half of the respondents considered the reason the US has increased its economic aid to their country since 9/11 is not for Pakistan but for its engagement in ‘counter-terrorism in Afghanistan’. The study concludes the signs of correlation between the US aid to Pakistan and likeness of Pakistani youth towards the people of US. This result has the important implication on the future relationship between US and Pakistan. DOI : 10.7176/DCS/9-4-11 Publication date : April 30 th 2019

How peace education motivates youth peacebuilding: Examples from Pakistan

This article examines the impact of four peace education programs involving Pakistani youth to illuminate peace education’s role in peacebuilding efforts in conflict contexts. It argues that alumni tried to replicate their individual transformations as stimulated by these peace education programs. They did so through community-level projects modelled after the same program processes that had transformed them. Impact on peacebuilding was supported by peace education programs combining different theories of change, focusing on follow-on projects, and providing support structures for alumni. Because alumni modelled their projects after their program experiences, programs should be more transparent in order to maximize impact.

Clinical features, biochemistry and HLA-DRB1 status in youth-onset type 1 diabetes in Pakistan

Published information on diabetes in Pakistani youth is limited. We aimed to investigate the demographic, clinical, and biochemical features, and HLA-DRB1 alleles in new cases of diabetes affecting children and adolescents <22 years of age.The study was conducted at Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology in Karachi from June 2013-December 2015. One hundred subjects aged <22 years at diagnosis were enrolled. Demographic characteristics, clinical information, biochemical parameters (blood glucose, HbA1c, C-peptide, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) and islet antigen 2 (IA-2) autoantibodies) were measured. DNA from 100 subjects and 200 controls was extracted and genotyped for HLA-DRB1 using high-resolution genotyping technology.Ninety-nine subjects were clinically diagnosed as type 1 diabetes (T1D) and one as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Of the 99 with T1D, 57 (57.6%) were males and 42 (42.4%) females, with mean age at diagnosis 11.0 ± 5.2 years (range 1.6–21.7 years) and peaks at six and fifteen years. Fifty-seven subjects were assessed within one month of diagnosis and all within eleven months. For the subjects diagnosed as T1D, mean C-peptide was 0.63 ± 0.51 nmol/L (1.91 ± 1.53 ng/mL), with 16 (16.2%) IA2 positive, 53 (53.5%) GAD-65 positive, and 10 (10.1%) positive for both autoantibodies. In T1D patients, the allele DRB1*03:01 demonstrated highly significant T1D association (p < 10−16), with no apparent risk conferred by DRB1*04:xx alleles. ConclusionsHeterogeneous forms of T1D appear more common in children and youth in Pakistan than in European populations. Individual understanding of such cases could enable improved management strategies and healthier outcomes.

Role of Video Tutorials in Increasing the Learning Trends among Pakistani Youth

Video tutorials are a form of learning through some sort of videos with the help of graphical and audio representations used in it. Video tutorials have a wide history of learning whether it is curricular or any extracurricular activities. It is less expensive and easy to access comparative to other learning mediums. Students can easily access, learn or solve their problems without going anywhere. It generates affection towards learning easily. If learning becomes attractive for learners, then innovation and mind mapping for new trends became easy and joy able (Dempsey ;2005). This study examined the role of video tutorials in increasing the learning trends among Pakistani youth. To conduct this research population was selected from Lahore, city of Pakistan. Sample based on 10 Universities of Lahore and totals 507(males and females) students of different universities included in sample size. The methodology of this study based on survey where as this method used to obtain the data was quantitative in nature. The result showed that video tutorials plays crucial role in increasing the learning trends among Pakistani youth. The new learning trends convert the older once in modern and learning become more easy as well as more interested.30% respondents strongly agree with the statement, 35.3% were agree whereas 20.7% were neutral and 8.5% disagreed. The findings of this research shows that the youth of Pakistan is more intended towards video tutorials as learning medium instead of traditional ways. The results also reveal that, the time spent on video tutorial is relatively high in contrast to the older trends of learning.

Chinese Soft Power Approaches towards Pakistan: An Analysis of Socio, Economic and Political Impacts

Pakistan has been facing imminent socio-economic, political and diplomatic challenges since 2001. The on-going war on terror has cost losses of infrastructure in the country amounting to $60 billion. China has employed its own version of soft power ranging from diplomatic support on crucial issues to foreign aid and investment, cultural exchanges and higher education opportunities for Pakistani youth. Among them, one of the most important projects is the construction of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) with a total investment of $62 billion. Against this backdrop, this study intends to highlight how China is projecting its soft power in Pakistan and to what extent Chinese soft power could heal Pakistan’s socio, economic, political and diplomatic disasters. This study reveals that Chinese soft power strategies have left far higher imprints on Pakistan through diplomatic support, investment, and provision of scholarships.

Growing Population of Pakistani Youth: A Ticking Time Bomb or a Demographic Dividend

&lt;p&gt;Pakistan is considered to be the fifth largest young country in the world. Around 63 percent population of the country comprises youth aged between 15 and 33 (UN Population Fund Report 2017). Such a large young population has posed daunting challenges to the social, economic and political sectors of the state. The fast rising youth bulge of Pakistan seems to be a constantly ticking time bomb instead of a demographic dividend, threatening its very own existence. Poor youth engagement in the productive political, educational, economic and socio-cultural activities indicates ineffectiveness of the public and private sectors policies especially at the state level. The current research study is intended to identify the key factors behind the disengaged and distressed youth of Pakistan in the three core areas of education, economy and politics. For this purpose, a systematic literature review was carried out in which national and international labor survey reports, youth development index, national youth program and federal education and economic policies were critically analyzed alongside the relevant research studies, nongovernment organizations’ reports and media coverage for a dynamic overview. Besides, interviews of relevant stakeholders were also conducted to investigate the issue from diverse perspectives. Evidently, youth partnership, empowerment, and engagement in educational, economic and political sectors can be the only way forward to address the increasing challenges of the country.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords:&lt;/strong&gt; demographic dividend, employment, literacy, youth development&lt;/p&gt;

Validation of Test of Nonverbal Intelligence for Pakistani Youth

of nonverbal intelligence. The test was developed to assess the generalcognitive ability of Pakistani youth. The items were constructed keeping inmind to tab the cognitive domains of fluid intelligence, abstract reasoning,spatial ability, working memory, processing speed, inductive anddeductive reasoning, application of logics, drawing of inferences andrelated abilities. Multidimensional construct methods were used todetermine the construct validity. The principal factor analysis withvarimax rotations yielded a single factor loading, an indicative of unifactor test. Inter correlation of five subscales and total test scores werefound to be highly significant (p &lt; .001). The results showed thehomogeneity of the test. The discrimination validity of the test wasestablished by correlating the test scores with test takers performance ontest of physical agility and stamina. The Pearson correlation produced nonsignificant results between the two measures. The criterion validity wasestablished by correlating the test scores with academic achievementswhich generated highly significant correlations at p &lt; .001. The convergentvalidity was established by correlation the scores with Raven progressivematrices, verbal intelligence tests and nonverbal intelligence being used atinter services selection boards. The results showed coefficient ofcorrelation .384, .227 and .396 respectively for RSPM, VIT and NVITwhich was highly significant at p. &lt; .001. The age and grade differencesalso showed that the mean test score increases with age and grade. Theresults of the validity studies indicate that the proposed nonverbal test is avalid measure to assess the intelligence of Pakistani youth.

Analysis of effects of Smoking on Lung Function, and Respiratory Muscle Strength of Pakistani Youth

Analysis of effects of Smoking on Lung Function, and Respiratory Muscle Strength of Pakistani Youth

Researching Identity Styles In Pakistan: Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Associations With Commitment and Value Priorities

ABSTRACTIdentity styles—informational, normative, and diffuse-avoidant—have been studied widely across North America and Europe but infrequently in “non-Western” cultures. We tested the factorial structure of the Identity Styles Inventory-5 (ISI-5) among 479 young adults in Pakistan. Findings supported the predicted three-factor solution, but only when numerous poorly performing items were deleted. We further tested associations among identity styles, identity commitment, and value priorities. As expected, informational and normative styles were associated with higher commitment, whereas diffuse-avoidant style was associated with lower commitment. The three identity styles showed a pattern of divergent associations with value priorities that mostly, but not entirely, replicated the pattern of associations previously found among U.S. and European samples. We conclude that Berzonsky’s three identity styles can be detected in a Pakistani cultural context but that the ISI-5 may not fully capture the breadth and complexity of identity formation processes among Pakistani youth.

Influence of Political Socialization Agents on Pakistani Youth’s Political Participation: The Mediating Role of Media and Interpersonal Communication

Apathetic and disconnected from the political world, these are just two of the titles scientists, journalists and politicians have been attributing to youth. Hence, what factors weaken or encourage youth to participate in politics is forefront in academic and non-academic researches. Hence, in view of this context, the role of political socialization agents in engendering political activities among youth cannot be overstated. However, not much research is being carried out in this area. Thus, this study assessed the influence of family communicative environment and peer norms as political socialization agents on media and political participation. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on social sciences students of Pakistani universities. Questionnaire (228) was used to collect data which were analyzed by using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings revealed that among other political socialization agents, peer norms was found to be more significant for youth’s media consumption and political behavior. In particular, results revealed that information consumption through traditional newspaper; TV and online newspaper led to political participation, centering political expression via interpersonal communication. Moreover, interpersonal communication is found to have direct influence on Pakistani youths political participation. This study provides an empirical justification for the potential of peer group as agent of political socialization for enhancing political activities among youth in Pakistan. Keywords: Political socialization, family, peer norms, informational media use, interpersonal communication, political participation.

Effects of sociodemographic variables and Facebook group membership on students political participation

This research study was designed to examine manifestation of online and offline political participation of educated Pakistani youth. The second objective of the study was to locate variation in political participation of the students on the basis of sociodemographic variables and the membership of Facebook pages of the users. The population of the study was university students studying in various degree awarding institutes of Lahore city, capital city of the Punjab province. The data were collected through structured questionnaire from 1245 students of various university students. Factor analysis was performed to see the manifestation of both kinds of political participation. Independent sample t-test and one way ANOVA were used to see differences in political participation of the students based on their sociodemographic variables and membership of Facebook pages. The findings confirmed that university students practiced both kinds of political participation. However, they were more inclined towards online political participation than offline political participation. The results also approved that sociodemographic variables and the membership of Facebook pages had significant effect on online and offline political participation of the students.

Relationship between gratitude and happiness in college students

The present research explored the relationship between gratitude and happiness in college students. It was hypothesized that there is likely to be a relationship between gratitude and happiness. It was also hypothesized that gratitude will be the predictor of happiness in college students. The sample was comprised of n= 100 (50 girls and 50 boys) from different colleges (private and public) of Lahore. Subjective Happiness Scale by Sonja Lyubomirsky and Lepper (1999) and Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item Form (GQ-6) by McCullough, Emmons, and Tsang (2001) were used to assess happiness and gratitude in college students. Pearson product moment correlation, Simple Linear regression and independent sample t-test were applied to generate results. Results suggest that there is significant positive relationship between gratitude and happiness. Gratitude also predicted happiness in college students. No significant gender difference was observed between gratitude and happiness. Significant difference was found between gratitude and happiness at 1st level and the last level students. The findings of this research have implications for adaptation of gratitude tendencies in Pakistani youth.

Reconciling Social Norms With Personal Interests: Indigenous Styles of Identity Formation Among Pakistani Youth

Research on identity formation has been conducted mostly in Western contexts. We extend and complement such research by exploring qualitatively the strategies and styles of identity formation employed by emerging adults in Pakistan. Whereas Western theories of identity formation often provide a negative view of normative orientation as “blind obedience” without exploring alternatives, our thematic analysis of semistructured interviews with 12 Pakistani emerging adults suggests a much more complex interplay between personal interests and normative influences on identity formation. Participants described various ways of reconciling normative expectations (parental, religious, and cultural) with their personal interests, preferences, and explorations, when deciding about their careers, relationships, and values. In Pakistani culture, normative influences seem to play a more positive and flexible role in identity formation than is suggested by previous Western research.

Impact of TV Advertisement on the Life Style of Pakistani Youth: A Case Study of Sindh Province

The aim of the study was to find Television advertisement impacts on the Pakistani youth in the changing of lifestyle in our society. The study was conducted in the Higher education instaurations. In the research there are main factors which are habits, moral, attitude, values and taste. The population of study was 200 respondents takefrom whole Sindh on the random base. The result of study shows that, male and female respondents point out impact of changing lifestyle through the televisions advertisement on the youth in the harmony with their behavior, manner, flavor and ethicalprinciples. Keywords: impact, lifestyle, TV, early life, announcement.

Impact of Violence in Movies on Juvenile Delinquency

Studies encompassing media-effects are a prime subject for social science scholars worldwide. The dilemma lies in the very fact that in Pakistan this issue of great significance has not been paid proper attention. Juvenile delinquency is one of the major issues that cause a great hindrance in the social progress of any society. It not only creates anxiety and aggression in youth, but also turns productive humans into a destructive force against family, society and nation. This research endeavors to discover the consequences of violence in movies with respect to Pakistani youth and uncovering a connection between subjection to such type of content and consequently criminal propensities. Publicized research has examined media effects with a variety of consequences; this research has empirical evidence that exhibits the very fact that violence in the media causes delinquency, thus promoting criminal behavior, especially within the context of Pakistani society.

Self-Disclosure and SNS Addiction in South Asian Youth: An Empirical Study of Pakistan

Social networking sites (SNS) provide an open platform for communication and interaction and socialization. But the main idea behind this article was to assess the impact of whether SNS addiction effects online self- disclosure or not moreover its mediation impact. The main idea of this study is to investigate the mediating effect of habit, psychological well-being, psychological dependence and perceived ease of use between SNS and self-disclosure. Specifically, this research proposes a model to examine how the effect of SNS usage mediates self-disclosure through psychological conditions. Data was collected online using the Google documents application, from university students in Pakistan. In total 338 entries were analyzed and reported, for analysis SPSS version 21 was used. Results show that Pakistani youth tend to have higher self-disclosure online due to habit, perceived ease of use and while sharing online makes them feel better as the mediator of psychological well-being also reported a positive mediating effect.